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07/16/19344 � � � . . .. . . . � . . . � - � . �..�....1; . . . . . . j'..._ . . . . .. . � f'+� � .. . � . . ? t�i . . . ; �.: � � � . . . . . 1 _ � j, � .. . . . � � � .� � t. � . .. '� . , . .. c t'l�� � � i �.. . . �,,�y„'. . . � . . . � � � . . � . `.:,�.r" � . . . � ,! ... . ! a MINUTES' OF TIiE CITY' GOMIviISSION � ,_ ;; � July Z6 , �.934. � � _ ;, t The Cit� Commission of �he City of C�.eerwater , Flarida, ; f ��' met on the above date, �vith the following 'memb�rs pre�ent: ; . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... i . H. $e Baskin, J. A, Barry, E. B. Casler, Jro, A. N. Dillard, . 7 _,., , Reade iilley. � . . � � - . . � . . � � � . . � . . . . . . >t . . . r Move�: by Mro I�illard, sacanded Bg Mr: Tilley, and carried = ; t�na� the r�w C>ountr� CIu"a x�lat be �ceepted, and that � Committee t , ,. be appointed to prepare restrictions to �ae filed with ite ; ;� Mr. C�slex� az�d PJ1r. Barry �vere appoint�d o� the above � , ! commit�ee. Mc�ved by Mr. Dillard, seconded by P�r� Ti11e�, and carried, ` that �:�;e City accept 1934 valuations, with �rilla�es f'or prior ', ; years, on lats 8& 9, B1ock 3, Sa� ah 1dcMullen Sub . . Moved by Mre Dillard, secoz�ded by Mr. Tilley, and carried, tnat Mr. HcClun�s -�axes be redueed to 1934 value. E Mr�ved by Mr. Tilley, s�cor�ded by I�r. Ca�l,er, arad carr�ied, + i � that �oe Russell be allowed a salary ad�ance up �o �300,OQ. ' Meeting adjaurned. � .r H. H. Bas kin , Nayor.-Gommissioner � } AttQsts i �, E. Satterfi�ld , F � ; } G i ty Audi t or & C l���k. , , ; � i ; � ; _ <, � � . : .. ,..:. . .. � . . � . � ... . . � . . . : . . . .. . . � . �. �. . �..i � �� � . . . . . . .. � � . .. . . . . . . � � . . . . . ` . . . � � 3' . � � . � �. � . � . . . . . ' . . . . �� . . ' . � . . � . , � .{ � . . . .. . — . � . � : . � . . . . � . . � . � :� � . � . . .. . � . � . � . . . � � . . . . � . , . . . . � . �� � . �:i � . . . :. . . . ' �. . � . .. � . . . . . . � . � . . . � � � � . ... � . �.�� . � � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. �. . . . . .. . . . . . .. � ... .,I . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . , . . . � . . . ��. �. . . . . � � . . � . .. . � � � . .. . . � � . . � . . � � . . � � . � � . � � � � . . . . . � � .� . . . � .: � �,p . . � . � . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . �.i . . . .. �. - � � . . . . . � .. , � . � . , .. � � � . . . . . . . . . . . . ..s . . . . . L. r_.. . . ... .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . �. . , , . . . � � . , . . � .. .i � . �. . . . . . , . : � r . . . . . � . . ' . , .� �_. . _ .. ... .. ,.., _ . _�� � . . . { - , � r� ;;� ": � -,• ` �; ; � � � � �� r � t � � � � '� : Clearw�ter, �`�'eirid� ��'.: �.3 ; : July T6, 1934 ' ; For tihe purt�os� of answeri�$ cer�ain questions raised in �� ,: ; , the reeord of the minutes af the City Commission of Juiy 2,1934, �. the f'ollov�ing st�temen.t is made. _ � i Valuations a� the phgszc�al prr�per•ties of the radio station v�ere fixed by the commit�e�.appointed by the City Cotnm� ssion to appraisE the Gity's capi�al assets for the purpose of making a a general reducti c�n in the accounting basas o�' these properties in '' accordance wit�. �he downward �crend o#' values on priva�e propertg , and �tap p'ortray m�re accurately the �'�����:���:t condition of Lhe Cit�m � Among the assets that of the radio station was taken bjr thl.s °�c�m- mittee front a report by Walter Tisons direetor of the station, who ? . used ss a basis for his report the cost p��ice of equipment novl in use at Bayview ar�d in tne var�ous studias, less depreciation, a:�d < char�ing oFf.such equipment as had been abandoned because ai re- � placement. The life of ra�i o equipmen.t is vQry short because of �,, the improvement in the art and the requirements of' the Federsl ! Radio �omniission , and Pqtii.pment thus abandoned has little or no " value. it is �oo� sccounting practice to make depreciati�� on al1 ° s'nortl,ived equip<nent as it v�aou�d be very foolish to assume that a machine that cost �S,�OO,t�O was wor�th �p5,00�J.C�r� after it became antiquated by use cver a period u� t3.mee As these valuations ; were not made for the purpose of sale there cou`1d be no material harm in appraisin� them at a true present value. This repor� shc�s that the Git� e�psnded in cash tne , sum of �14, 740.85 in the yeaz� 1931 in build���? the transmit��r at Bayview, and a record of the station: discicses th�� iche station has earned revenue znd expended it in squioment f'rom Janusry l, 19'31, �o date in �Gh� sum of �13,�86,97r Since the tra�smitter at Bayviet� has been in use far approximately three year5, it �hould a ha�e a depreciation char,�ed a�ains� it 'ir_ lin� with good account;ing ! practice for a su�stantial portion �f its cost. Howevers viewin� ! the m��ter �s a capit�l expe�diturP of Gity money, i�s presen•� v'alua�ian of �15,�43.00 is actually an appraisa7. �t the presen.t i E moment of more tlzan �5, 006.GQ �reatez� tk�an the amo�int; ' oi money , . , � . r ��.. ,.,-.:.. ? :_ _ ;; ,E ( *} , ` � ��� ; F �� f'�� t ; - .� . . . .. � . . . � � � � � . � . . . �. .. . . . . . � . .. :i . . � . ' -. . . . � . � ... . . � , . . . . . . . .. � . . �.i .. expen_ded from the Citg Treasury, k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . .. i . . Reference is msde in the repart af the City�s expenditure = of y�11�,4�6,03, whieh figure I do not reco�nize irom any existin� ' � ' recards whic� I have, �ut its similarity leads me to assume that it ' represents the total expenditure o� City money in rad.io broadcas-ting fram the date of the inception of the s�ation to the present time. ` The record of the expenditures by the Gity from January of' 1926 to ; April of 1931, which Vras a few mnnths aftier the station went in�Go = comm�rcial�ius�n���,shorys that du.ring such per-i•od the �ity e.�pended i� cspital assets, sueh as equipment, the sum of �37,.305e79, and als e in e�gera ti on of the same the sum of �70, 554.80, which is a��roxim�tel�,y �i08,859.aa. Certainly �he aperation costs os" the '� statian bef'ore it went eommercial could onl� be charged to the pub- ' i licity and advertising value of the same to �he Gity snd could no� bE se� up as a basis of capital valuee .And �he cost af' equipment ; as tnen ].isted which has now been abandoned bec�use o� replacement '� by more modern equipment cvou3d ha�e to be char�ed ofi as value- IPss in any capital statement; so that for that pe,riod of approxi- mately four years the City spent �25,000.00, per year operating t?�ie station, which sutn was paid by the �ax-pa,�ers, Zt must also be -; reeslled that the station tk�en opera�ed five rours per day three days per .vesk with mediocre entertainment va3ue, I also have the ' f'igures for St. Pe�ersburg �or the sanle p�riod approximately and ; the�t show a similar -ou-tlsy �f approximately� �110,�713.Q4. ' T.t must be remembered �hat just before the s�atian went commercial the �ederal Rgd�o Commission demanded �hat the station = ' improve its service and equipment or abandon its license. At �hat �' . � time I v�as called into a conference with the Chatniore�r of Commerce ; an�i wasYasked to undertake to cnmmercialize the s§a.tio� on what- � ever basis I felt to be reason�ble� I w�s �omewhat reluctant i:o �� undertake the job because there v�as no assurance o� any cor,im2rcial ' oppartunit,y to the station in Clearwater and any bus�ness th�t �; ' , eould be obtained� would have �Eo 'be mad� through Tampa and natzonal account.s, The reenrds of the Cit� Gcmmission of April '15, 192�J, , �. show �ha� ths (;it� authorized me to �o ta New York Cit,y �nd ontain s , � _ , ,....:. _ _ _ ..._ �._. , ` . � � � _. . _ _. _._.._: _ _ .� f.;' _ : -� , _ _ , ; �; , r .< . ; r . � t� . . . � � . . f � . . � ��� ' ; three , �..� � :i �� 7 � a broadcast chain coannection for station WFI:A and that any I � necessary �ravelling ex�enses should be paid by the Cit�, I went j= to Ne�v York Cit,y at that time with a representive of the City of ; St . Petersbur� and. to�ether we affered the 1Vationa l Broadca stiri� Compan� the facila.ties af' the station f'ree f'or their ser=aicE to- `. �ether wi th the sum of �5s000,.00 per year as a bonus for �he f`a.rst � fetiv �esrs in order to encourage them to znstall the lines and un- dergo the expense o�' serving thzs ter�itory. Th� National Broad- cas ting Comp�ny refuged t� accept �his affer and �vas not ir�terest- ed in the station �rhatever untiJ� af�er the station had first engaged ' in a commerciali.zation program, whirh included the �pening of ' t studios in Tampa, a]:l of which was 3one under mg direction under ; ; ' contract svith the Chamber of Commerce� The City paid no part of ; the expense of obtainin� the National Broadca stin� Company cn the station as the ac�ual conr.ecti.on with the chain was made �hir�een ;: r�onth� ai�er the minut�s referred to above. ` The question af' the ownarship oi the physicel prapertips of tre station a�id'tre right to opera�e and control the same are in no doubt as the_ records di�close that a�v�itterz lease was enter:ed into with the Chamber of Commerce, V�zich lease was da}ed the 22nd day of' August, A. D. 1927, and provid�s t�at t�e City owns thP eguipment and thst the party oi �he sec�nd par� (the Chamber of �tommerce ) is authorized by reason of i�s charte� �� to act in the capacity of publicity a�ent for tne Ci�y oi �lear- : '� watar and "t�.at the said Chamber of Gomm�rce should opers.te, ' _ , r manage and contirol �he sa�d radio transmitting equipment";o The iease provided tha� this arran�ement czn be terminated by 1aw ; _ or mutual a�reement of the parties or a� t�.e aptio� of the Gity.' �:qihhen Lhe Bayv2ev� tr. ansmitter was constructe<< at � new lccation th� s. �? lease vras replaced by a n,ew lease c�a�ed the 3rd day oi March, 1933, • e ; betvreen the Ci,ty and the GhamY�er of Commerce with substantiR�.ly . . . ... . � . . . . , . :-f �he same pr.avisions, namely:` that the Ch2mbez� af Commerce shoula ; • operate, mana�e and cantr�l �he station so long as �atisfac�or� to ;' the City Commiss`ian. Under these leases i� has been tre asstzmption � , of the Gk�arttbor o� Commerce that t�aeg had the ri�ht to contr�c� f'or t w � e 1 . � ._ „,_ „ . ..,..� ; _ ; , *�' � �,+ �.�i� + _ , € � the emplayment or personnel to opeyate the ���.��,�n, par-�icularl3 � ; { so lon� as thA ope��ation did not inJalve the use of' f}ands c�f the A, ' City of Clearv✓ater, and the �rriter has been u�aer �he assumptian ; th.at he could cantr�et vr:ith the Chamber of Commerce to operate � � � � the ��at3.an as the commercial mana�er or under such other terr�� as might be direcied by �h� Chamber of Commerce. ; , , Reference i.an now made to statetr�ents concer•ning advertis- ing far th� Gas Departmen-t and the purchase oi mate�ials for the ; Ci�y and deliver� to the Ci�y by the station in amounts of �p3�:00.U0, t �3870. t?0, �2, 000 .00, �$00, 00, ��00.00 tan.a �300. OO e Suffice it to , sag that n�ne of these items ha3 ever been billed to the City for �. � � pa.yment , anc7. the,y have onl� been �tated for the �urpose o� �a�ving � the Eity Commissicn or the CYamber of Commerce the opportunit3� of l�.o�aing some of the direc�- benefits that the station �va s per�'arming ' for �be Cit;�r, and und€r such �olic� the sta�ion has ��vertised the Gas I�epartment plant annual?� over a period o#' t�:ree y-ears� �hich item if bml�ed st station rates cvaul�. approximate �S,OQQ.OQ, and ,; has advertised in program lines the Chamb�r of Gommerce to a far � ' grea�er am ouixt, and h�s pursh�sed bv trade accounts or o�rertivise for the C'ity n�i.mer•ous iterr�s, includin� two pi�n��� wa�er pipzng, •; gas piping, cooling s�stems for the City Hall and other points, and other items too numerous to men�ian. Particular reference is ` r made ta a sound system in the auditori�am for which the City authorize� �75.00 to be expended from the Gity �eneral fuxid, The station furnisred everythir.� tha-t it could ou� of i�s ov►n stock torvard the bu�lclin� of �Y:is sy�tem, and. the �75.00 expended by the City was used for the purpo9e of buyin� ec�zipment nat owr�ed by �he station in order to complete the ins�a].la�ion, and a stafiement was �?ad� of such accurrence �nci th� figure of �300.00 was nazred as the Qa?ue of the s�stem. A starzdard public addresa syst�;m wc�uld ' ' cost a�proxima�el� �l,Of�O,C��. ' The d��.ivery of a bui].ding in the G•�t� Park to tY�� Ci�;y ` was set up �t ��200C.OQ becaus� the rsdio station aa�tuall� expended z , � on the building in �em_odel,ling the sum of �2000.OQ, in addition ' to wY!atever sum the C�.�y mig�ht ha've ex�ended zn cons uructin� the ' buildin�, ori�inally. Th.e s�a�ian �.ad to bui].� new facilities in f � . _ .. . . . . . . . . � . . r . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . � �. ,_ , . . . . . . . � . . . . , r � ..'— � ---- noaor�.ae . . . � . . ... v:.�-3 . . . . .. . . .. ' . . �T.. . . .. � .. � � . . . � t . . � �. j � . � . �`�"' �` �.�� , � in the �.•�zditorium to replace this building, and by having thE ; , , t builciing comp?etelp remodellec� it was p�ss��le to deli�Er it to ; ; f the Tour•ist l�elatio�s Gommittee a3 taurisi headqusrters v�ithout { e�pend3.ture of City Fis.nds. Reference was mg�e ix� the sta�ement filed with the Com- ' mission by ��r, Css3er that the C�ty should �ave some definite audit ; of' the �tation's af�'airs, and acting on su�h su��estion I re�uested � th� City C1erk tt� make such an audit, or so much as would be necess- r�rJ to assure him that �he r�.dio sta�ian3s books represente� � �, tra�e pic#�ure o The station has furnished the Chamber c�� Commerce annually a�inancial statement9 and ea�h month a statemen.t of ': receipts and disbursemen�� is fur•n�shed to me from the recorcls, , , upo:� whicfl T base my opinion of t�e operszion of the station. I r assume these records ta be hnnest and reliable, and if' so trey disc�c�se that the station's commercial business has been activply and ef�icien.t3y handled. It must be reconized that our business has �ri�inated ou� of town,, competin� with pri�a'celg o�vned �t�tions, and that the tna j ority of the money is sp�nt in the City of Glear6 vrater. In addi�ion to that the publiait:y v�Iue of the station on �' its present standErd. of enter�tainment is far superior to i�s pi�evious existence, at tre time it was �aid for out of tax Funds, ' an3 the present standard nf enterta inmer�t ia en�tirely beyond �he ability of the pe�pl� oi Cleax�+rrater to pa�.r. The stationts aperat� ion ir_ C1par•rraTer, ��sed on its presenL standards, �roul8 cost , approximately �5Q,000.00 per year, and would 'ae too �reat a sunj� even to con�te�npl.ate, Th,e comr�ercial business of �'JFL� has maintained � ' the st�tian, purchasPd considersbl.e equipment, created subsianti�l reserves to safe�uar•d the station in �eriods of seasonal slump in ad�ertisi.ng9 buv the station hac no� to �his date paid a p-rofit to any inc�ividual ar �r�ani�atior_. Durin� tYze existence of this � co�nerci,al eontract the sta�ion has be�n in v�cious ].i�igation in �vhich the righ�s oi the station v+rere jeopardized, and the station E � r�aid out of it� surpl.us as much as �;15,0OO.OQ izic���ear defsndin� ' � its exxstence. The items involved in thes� expen3itlares I have nczt ` ' ,� � available, but I presume that the audit_ o£ �he City C�erk ��3.11 � ; disclose tre�n. At least ?` know= that this is a fac�, � � . . � . . .. . . ... . . � . ..j . . . , . . . . . ... .. . . . . .. . � . . .. . ... . . .. ��'� .. . . . . . . . � .# . . . . . . . , . . . . . �. � . . . . � . � � .�j � . . . � . . . . . . . . ... . . . .. . . . . . . .. f � . � . ..., � . � � .. . . � � . . .�l . . � . � , .. r...,,. � _. . � . . . . _ ,.�..., , J .� . ... . ... � � . .. ... ... . ...�. ... , ...... .. . _. . ._ .t. . . � . .. . . .. . . : � � . . . .�, . . . . . . , . . � � � . . � � . . . � . .:.i . � � �� � � . � � � a j�i1 � .� . .. . . . . . . . . � . . . �j �..f . . . .;, .. . . �. . `�The busineas �f broadcasting is an expens' ve busines ��� � � � ,;, � �: is usuallg ca�ri�d on by organ3z�tions having lar•�e advertisement 1 ; aecoun�s and against which thsy can char�e deficits fr•om operation ; . . -�.. . . � � . . . . . . � ... . � . . .. . ... . . - . . ;j . . . . . as a publicit,y item. rliost of �he stations similar to this one � are located ir_ �ar�e center•s of population. In fact, neme that I � krzaw of are operated in a co�munity so sr�all as Clearwater, and � _ a similer �tation in thosz I.�r�e cen�Lers v�jovld charge a�aproximately � three times the advertis�.ng rates of i:his station. Therefore = � thie stat3�bn must g3.�e a star_c�.ard of en.tertainment equa�. �o that ; furn3.;�he� by those stations in the l.ar�er centers on about one- th{:rd of' the reve;�ues. I�t is a remarkabie iact that the dtation has been. able to mai;ntain itself and its standard of entertainment� ! i and it tivould not I�ave done so had it not been carPfullg and efficientl.y operateci. It cannot do this without �perat�.m� as a� ? commercial organizatifln, and t�eref�re it rr�usi: operate under same �orm similar to i�s present �peratian or 1os2 substantial revenues. ';; The persanr�el oi tre operating s�asf of �FFLA ?s loyal and i efficien�:Particulsrl,y I wish to refer to -the servzces of Mr, ; Tison,: wh"o as dirEctor of broadcasting �nd in active char�e of tre office here ha� 'been hi�hly�su�ce�sf�l?n buildirig u:p this �£ Qtations presti�e and popul�ritg.. ;�+Tzthout the as�istance oy' ��TaZter � , Tisor_ I �3o not believe that the s�atiora wou].d r�ovr be in existencee Some mi,sundezistanding exists amcn� the people of Clearvrster of the business of tne station and its financial aff'83:rs. � _ . , It is clearly apparent to me �hat some peop?� have undertalien to 4! , ; disrupt the stationFs present operation, and we�e they able t� do �his without in tu�n jeopardizir=.� th� sta�ion's e�isterce Y cvou3d . . . . . . . . � r nat mer�tion it. But in view of the complexity of radia broadcsst- ; ing ar_d tYze dif�icult,y of mainta�nin� tY?is st�t�on, I feel that a ,` word of warning i� fair, namely: that a destruction ef the station ; b9 un3.nformad �en�t�ment �vauld destroy tk�e most val:�aable pnblicity { j m�dium which �Y� City has and one tivhich we could not replace. The . � ' di,sclnsure of comparative figures between our svatien and �'�SUIZ, � , _ our s��ter• station, and �NT�AE of �ampa w;oreld be unfair -to �SLTN and `' ; , . t�UI3A� as ���eir bizsiness should ba preserved the sam� as ours, but � , � , I do not hesi�ate to make thp statement tb:at �he commercial. � ; de-velopment of V�7FL�, no��vi�t�astanding the difficulties in eperating ; , . _... �� r- - . t 4' �5:. ��� i� � � . � the same in Clear�r�ater•, has outstripped e3ther oi the�e twa J statior�s . . {' I do not believe that the statian a?�ould be made s � political footbal�, and the cantinuous harpin� on the business af the statia� b� the gene�tial public ��ill in:jure the success of the � station. �ome plan should be envolved to promo�e the stations existence with the smallest amount ot' palitical d�.scussion. i� + is d3stasteful �to me to have to sta�d so much critici4gm a�iout a mat;ter whiclz, �'ranklg, was presentecl to me in a dyin� ecndition ': wi th th� request that I revive and pramote it to a succ:essful } eond3�ion. �his I have done for a r•easonahle co�p�ns�tion-- no more than some otHer individual would: have req�aired f�r the same service. In handling it; for �the Chamber of vommerce under t2�eir contract the fact that I rapgen to be mayoi� at the same �imse as ; manager of the station ?�.as no si�n:Lficance witr respect to th� � deve� apment of the statione The f�ct that i� �r,ive so much of m,y ; , �ime to the Cit,y of Clearwater without compensa�ion s}.iould no� be F� : identified �ri�h my �ervices to t1.ze Chamber of' Commerce ��id to ' th� station, However, � frankly feel that the f'act trat I do giv� •`. the lar�er part of rny time to the Ci�y sl�i�,��ld remove the q�stion �� � of eriticism, if an�, fro�n the operatio� o�' the station. `. ;� ;; ' � H. H. Bas kin t , ; � � � 2 1 ; � i I i i � � „ � , � � � � . . . . . � . � � . . ... � .. . . . . . �� .. _.{ . . . . � � � � � . . � . . . . . � . . � ' . . . ....1 . � . . � � . . . � . . . . � � . ' � . . . � . . . . � . . �.:.{ . . � ' . . � . � . . . . . . � .. . � . . . . . .. .;� . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . � . . . . .. . . . . . . . . � '. � . . . . � . . .. �. .f . . � � . . .. . � . � � ' � . , � .. . . � . � � � � �. . .. . . . � � . � � { . . . . . . �. . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . � .. .. ,�.1 . . � . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . r . . . . { . . � . . . .. . . . � .. . . � .�� . � : _ ... � . . � . . . ,.X . . . � � .. � . . . .. . . .. . . � . .. � . . ,t . :. � . .. _....�.... _....�. . . ,...: . ._�_.. � � � � � � . . . � . � . .. .. �'; . . ' , • .,s , . -;� . . j. . . . . . . . . . . .F . . . . � � i, � . ;�� �;: ; ��' �. ��� '� � , � „ , � i :� , :� , , NOTIC'E OF SPECI�L 1�ETING � �: , i ,t .A speei�l meetzn� of �he C�ty Cnrr,miss�on af the Cit� o� i � ; r` �learwater, Floz�3da, will be held9 3aintl� with the Board of i ; , ;'' Gave�nors o� the Ghamber of CommercP, at the C�arnber of Gommerce � , � . . . . . . � . � � ° �. . � � . . . . � . . . . � . : # . . � . . �. Board Room, at 7:3C� �M IV�onday9 July �3rd, for the purpose of � i ' discussin� ma�ters pertai�in� to Radio Sta�ion �JT'LA and such � t C � ot�ier matters as may come ta the attention of tY�e mzEtin�� ; � f � . � � � � � � � � .: . � � �. � � . . � � � . . . . � . .1 � . . , . . . . . . ..:1 . . .. . . . � - . . . �. �. � � � .:3 � � 1 Ho H. Bas`kin � � � Ma�ror-Commissioner � ; � �� , � • ti Reade F. Tilley � t . . . . . . . . . � .. . .. . . . . . . . . ' . . � .. ��:j � .. �': . .. � . . . � . .. . �. .. .. .. . . . . . . .. . � .. . . � . � .,� . . . . . A, N. Di1?ard � i ; , � J. A Barry � � . , . .�;� B. Gasle� Jre ' Commissioners. ;' i � F . :,t ' ,I�; i , � i .1 � t � <� � � _ r� 3 ; � i � . � j � � ' � . � �. . . � . . .. . . � ' � �� .. . . . .. ... . � . ..'i � . . . . . . .. . . ,a , .. . . . . . . . � � � . . .