The URL can be used to link to this page

05/06/2004 ..~ "II! ~ . .' ~:,'... - . City Council Agenda Date: 05/06/2004 6: 00 PM Location: Council Chambers - City Hall Welcome. We are glad to have you join us. If you wish to speak, please wait to be recognized, then state your name and address. Persons speaking before the City Council shall be limited to three (3) minutes unless otherwise noted under Public Hearings. For other than Citizens to be heard regarding items not on the Agenda, a spokesperson for a group may speak for three (3) minutes plus an additional minute for each person in the audience that waives their right to speak, up to a maximum of ten (10)minutes. Prior to the item being presented, please obtain the needed form to designate a spokesperson from the City Clerk (righthand side of dais). Up to thirty minutes of public comment will be allowed for an agenda item. No person shall speak more than once on the same subject unless granted permission by the City Council. The City of Clearwater strongly supports and fully complies with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Please advise us at least 48 hours prior to the meeting if you require special accommodations at 727-562-4090. Assisted Listening Devices are available. Kindly refrain from using beepers, cellular telephones and other distracting devices during the meeting. 1 Call to Order 2 Invocation 3 Pledge of Allegiance 4 Introductions and Awards: 5 Presentations: 5.1 Proclamation - Public Works Week - May 16-22, 2004 5.2 Proclamation - Emergency Medical Week - May 16-22, 2004 5.3 Proclamation - Tourism Week - May 9-15, 2004 5.4 Presentation - CPD Volunteer 6 Approval of Minutes 6.1 City Council - April 15, 2004 7 Citizens to be Heard re Items Not on the Agenda Public Hearings - Not before 6:00 PM 8 Administrative public hearings - Presentation of issues by City Staff - Statement of case by applicant or representative (5 min.). - Council Questions - Comments in support or opposition (3 min. per speaker or 10 min. maximum as spokesperson for others that have waived their time). - Council Questions - Final rebuttal by applicant or representative (5 min.) - Council disposition 8.1 Declare as surplus to City needs Lots 47 and 48, Block F, GREENWOOD PARK NO.2, a/k/a 1128-1130 Palm Bluff Street, and issue Advertisment For Bid No. 17-04 soliciting sealed bids of not less than $10,000 per lot. 9 Quasi-judicial public hearings Staff states and summarizes reasons for recommendation (2 minutes). Applicant presents case, including its testimony and exhibits. Witness may be cross-examined (15 minutes). Staff presents further evidence. May be cross-examined (10 minutes). Public comment (3 minutes per speaker or 10 minutes maximum as spokesperson for others that have waived their time). City Council discussion, and may question any witness. Applicant may call witnesses in rebuttal (5 minutes). Conclusion by applicant (3 minutes). Decision. 10 Second Readings - public hearing 10.1 Adopt Ordinance No. 7280-04 on second reading, which amends Appendix A, Clearwater Code of Ordinances, Fees for services provided by the Clearwater Police Department. 10.2 ADOPT Ordinance No. 7288-04 on second reading, approving vacation of a portion of First Street North, a drainage and utility easement lying within a vacated portion of First Street North, and a utility easement lying in a vacated portion of Chautauqua Blvd., located in Chautauqua Unit 1, Section A. 10.3 Adopt Ordinance No. 7247-04 on second reading, amending the future land use plan to designate real property whose post office address is 24698 U.S. 19 North as Residential Medium and Water/Drainage Overlay; and change the land use designation for real property whose post office address is 2520 Sunset Point Road from Commercial General, Residential Low Medium and Water/Drainage Overlay to Residential Medium and Water/Drainage Overlay. (LUZ 2003-10011) 10.4 Adopt Ordinance No. 7248-04 on second reading, amending the Zoning Atlas of the City by rezoning certain real property whose post office address is 24698 U.S. 19 North as Medium Density Residential (MDR) and by rezoning certain real property whose post office address is 2520 Sunset Point Road from Commercial (C) and Mobile Home Park (MHP) to Medium Density Residential (MDR) (LUZ 2003-10011). City Manager Reports 11 Consent Agenda 11.1 Authorize settlement of the workers' Compensation claim of Claimant,Jose Correa, in its entirety to include medical, indemnity and attorney fees for the sum of $193,250 and authorize the appropriate officials to execute same. 11.2 Declare surplus to the needs of the City and authorize disposal through sale at the Tampa Machinery Auction, Tampa, Florida, the attached list of vehicles and equipment. 11.3 Approve the fourth amendment to the Clearwater Airpark, Inc. lease, the Fixed Base Operator at Clearwater Airpark, amending Exhibit "B", the Tie-Down/Hangar Lease for airpark tenants. 11.4 Approve termination of the Lease and the License Agreement between Phil Henderson Sr., President of Clearwater Ferry Service, and the City of Clearwater prior to the termination date scheduled for August 31, 2004. 11.5 Approve one time funding from unapproriated retained earnings for the operation of two summer camp programs for economically disadvantaged children that has been previously funded by the Juvenile Welfare Board in the amount of $52,200. 11.6 Accept a perpetual 10-foot Utility Easement dated March 30, 2004 over and across a portion of Lot 12, CLEARWATER INDUSTRIAL PARK conveyed by Belcal Properties, LLC, a Florida limited libility company, as more specificially described therein. 11.7 Amend an existing Local Agreement Project (LAP); increasing by $278,568.93 for a new agreement total of $620,528.93; for the design and construction of a traffic signal and driveways on COURTNEY CAMPBELL CAUSEWAY AND DAMASCUS ROAD and Award a contract for the COURTNEY CAMPBELL CAUSEWAY AND DAMASCUS ROAD SIGNALIZATION PROJECT (03-0051-EN) to David Nelson Construction Company, Inc. of Palm Harbor, FI for the sum of $541 ,368.93 which is the lowest responsible bid received in accordance with the plans and specifications. 11.8 Approve the final plat for "Treetops at Druid Road", located at 2525 Druid Road, 11.9 Authorize the use of $20,000 of retained earnings to fund the Clearwater All-American City Award delegation's room, board, registration, and other expenses at the 2004 All-American City Awards in Atlanta, GA. 11.10 Brownfields Advisory Board: Appoint Wallace Smith (Resident)and Chris Rattray (Business Owner or Representative), with terms expiring on May 31,2008. 11.11 Request for Authority to institute a civil action against Equibore of America, Inc., to recover $7,436.90 for damage to City property. 11.12 Request for Authority to institute a civil action against Professional Services Industries, Inc. to recover $4,450.54 for damage to City property. Purchasing 11.13 Fencing material and installation during the contract period: May 22,2004 through May 31,2005. 12 Other items on City Manager Reports 12.1 Pass on first reading Ordinance No. 7292-04 which pertains to the City of Clearwater Firefighters Supplemental Trust Fund to permit a change in the Plan's investment policy to allow a "BBB" or higher ranking by a major rating service for any bonds invested in by the Plan. 12.2 IAFF Union negotiations update. 13 City Attorney Reports 13.1 Adopt Resolution No. 04-11, supporting the consolidation of Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority (PST A) bus Route 80 with the route of the PST A Suncoast Beach Trolly for the purpose of improving service to residents and visitors to Pinellas County beaches and the City of Clearawater and urging the PSTA Board of Directors to approve the consolidation of said routes. 14 City Manager Verbal Reports 15 Council Discussion Items 16 Other Council Action 17 Adjourn CITY OF CLEARWATER Interdepartmental Correspondence FROM: Mayor and Councilmembers . Cyndie Goudeau, City Clerk ~ ~ TO: SUBJECT: Follow up from May 3, 2004 Work Session COPIES: William B. Horne, City Manager DATE: May 4, 2004 Item #11.10 - Appointment to Brownfields Advisory Board - D. Michael Flannery is currently on the Environmental Advisory Board and has now decided to remain on it. He does not wish to be considered for the Brownfields appointment. We will work with Economic Development to identify another nominee to fill the Government representative category. We will bring that appointment forward as soon as a qualified candidate is identified. #7 May 6, 2004 Brian Aungst Frank Hibbard Hoyt Hamilton Carlen Petersen Bill Jonson Dear Council Members: I am Maggy Graham, 2245 Springrain Drive, Clearwater. I am speaking against fluoridation. The fluoridation fiasco is a similar situation to the hormone placement therapy fiasco. We were told for years and years that a synthetic hormone made from horse urine was important for the health of older women. Most doctors bought into it, and millions of women took this product. Science now shows that a synthetic product made from horse urine is dangerous for women. The class action lawsuits are being readied now. In a similar fashion, we have been told for years that drinking water with fluoride in it is important for the dental health of our children. Most dentists have bought into it, and millions and millions of people have ingested it. What is actually put in our water is hydrofluorosilicic acid, a toxic waste product of the phosphate industry. Current science overwhelmingly shows that it is dangerous. The phosphate industry is using our precious water supply as a toxic waste dump. I suggest that one day there will class action lawsuits on a monumental scale. I have a copy for each of you of an article called "Why EPA's Headquarters Union of Scientists Opposes Fluoridation." This article was prepared in 1999 by Dr. William Hirzy, who this afternoon gave me permission to reproduce this article for you. This is a point-by-point explanation of why 1500 EP A scientists and other professionals oppose fluoridation. Hydrofluorosilicic acid, the toxic waste product that is going to be put in your water and my water in June, is absorbed through the skin while bathing. The only way a person can possibly avoid it is with a whole house filtration system that costs thousands of dollars. I am a middle-class person, own my own home, and I can afford bottled water. But I cannot afford a whole-house water filtration system. Nor is there much chance that they will they be installed in apartment complexes or rental properties. The people who will be hurt the most are those who cannot even afford bottled water: the poor and the elderly. Fluoridation is a discriminatory practice. There is so much science available now showing the dangers of fluoridation. Please take the time to get up to speed on this research and not to rely on those vested interests who do not want you look. ~~ Maggy Graham 727-736-0877 CHAPTER 280 P.O. BOX 76082 WASHINGTON, DC 20013 202-566-2788 May 1, 1999 WHY EPA'S HEADQUARTERS UNION OF SCIENTISTS OPPOSES FLUORIDATION The following documents why our union, formerly National Federation of Federal Employees Local 2050 and since April 1998 Chapter 280 of the National Treasury Employees Union, took the stand it did opposing fluoridation of drinking water supplies. Our union is comprised of and represents the approximately 1500 scientists, lawyers, engineers and other professional employees at EPA Headquarters here in Washington, D.C. The union first became interested in this issue rather by accident. Like most Americans, including many physicians and dentists, most of our members had thought that fluoride's only effects were beneficial - reductions in tooth decay, etc. We too believed assurances of safety and effectiveness of water fluoridation. Then, as EP A was engaged in revising its drinking water standard for fluoride in 1985, an employee came to the union with a complaint: he said he was being forced to write into the regulation a statement to the effect that EPA thought it was alright for children to have "funky" teeth. It was OK, EPA said, because it considered that condition to be only a cosmetic effect, not an adverse health effect. The reason for this EPA position was that it was under political pressure to set its health-based standard for fluoride at 4 mg/liter. At that level, EPA knew that a significant number of children develop moderate to severe dental fluorosis, but since it had deemed the effect as only cosmetic, EPA didn't have to set its health-based standard at a lower level to prevent it. 1 >-....c: ~ ~ ....... (l) -- I-< 8 0 -- -- VJ VJ 3 8 VJ S 1B ::i ~...c: --'0 .~ 8 ...c: -- ~ ~ "5 .D ..6 '8 ~ (l) oS ~ :s .~ ~ - -- (l) 'S cr' Q) ::i VJ VJ ....... (l)--'"O ::: 'S Q) VJ...c:: ]~~ (l)~ ro 5- ~ .S VJ ~4-<.a ~ .~ I:: 0...E 0 ca ~ .~ U (:j :-2 'r::] oar-< = ~ g.:-::: ro ~ 0 .::l 5 .; 50 ~ t< ,~ t;j .5 (l) I:: Q) _0[j'"O VJ '2 -- .~ 'fj ::i.S 0 VJ I-< ro ~ 0.. .g .8 oS .D 1:i ....... bfJ.......::i Q) Q:)1:::::o..s en a u C'd Q) ~ .~ :z E ~ Q)1::::i~;> ';j ::i 0.. 0... . 8 Q:)I-<--~- VJ o...c:: ..... .~ Q) bfJ VJ ~ .8 .- ~ I:: .<;:: '"0 ..g (l) 'ca .8 .~ 3 oS ~.~ --VJ~'"O.s groOQ)1:: ;>:::.81:;30 1B ~ ~ VJ ;';O(l)~ ~ ~ E5 ~ >-.~;;.:..~ bll 0 "'0 0 O...c: ::i _ ]:::t]oo SI::...c::] (l) (l) U bfJ ~.t3~ro 0..;.:: . 8 I:: (l)...c:: ~ (l) o U I:: .t3 ::: I:: (l)- ;.....I 0.-4 ~ :.E S ."'0 U 0q'].8 ~>-;UVJ I:: 4-< ...... 2....... 0 I:: "3 VJ ,^ . 0 VJ(l)::::o.. (l) VJ ....... I-< ~::i . ....0C! (l) I-< 1-<. >--.l ~ ~ bfJ~ o 6"'0'0- (l) ~ I-< 0 U 0 -- ...... I::...c:: I:: trl o VJ 8 __ u...... ::i VJ ro (l) 0 :EoSoS~ ...... ~ 4-< - I:: (l) ~.'~.s ~ o...c:: (l) ~ ~ U "'0 ro ....... 'C (l) ::i SOl-< VJ 0 ::i U .E~~~ ~VJ c;; (l) 4-< Q) . S c;; I]) "'0 I:: ~goS.::oS"'O~~~2, 'C '5. 1B ~ I:: ~ Q) 0 "'0 01:: '/. o ~ 1::': o? VJ .c....... d ::i(l) 0" 4-<bO-:::.8 ~E5] (I)~~ 0 p-'::i 2 ~ -T:i -d S .;:; "3 (l) Q:) ~ ~ t] I:: ~ 8 VJ~ ~~c;s ~\O~ . ~~ ~'"@)~'(I)c""" U d trl ~ S] I-< _ 0 j;..< ~ 'S [) 0\ 0 4-< -::: ::i ro I-< . ...... ....... Q) 0 '" VJ (l) 1-<;> (l).8::; I::.D......"'O I:: (I) 0 "'0 ro :: ....... (l) 'C ~'5....c:: bll'C"Q) (I)::::] ~ 0 1:iVJ-oVJoSsQ)~oc@ (I) ~I:: bfJ : c@ 4-< '" ::: ::i [) I ~ .~ g ~ -::: ~ 1B ~ ~ i: g I-< S .... '" .... VJ VJ ~ ro I:: ~ ~ ro ~ oS .g @ 8 VJ (I) .8 ...c::.;:; ~...c::~gus~]VJ ......4-<...c:: u ~"'O 1::..- u U1:: u o.~ ::i $2 0 0 ...c:: .~ ~ '::;,,, ~ ..... ...c:: VJ....... I-< ....... ..... ....... .... V'-J 4-< 0 ~ OJ) VJ o...~.~ ~ 'C I:: (I) ._ I:: ~ m -9 "'0 ......~ g, ;g ...... I:: . - '" .;: ~ (1)"-' ....... . 8 g. S .g...c:: v, I:: 1:: "'0 ~ ...... ~ cil .8 ..t]]': 8. ~ ~ ]' ....... (l) ~ ...... ::i ...c:: .- Q) ...c:: .~ 15 bfJ oS (l)S g ....:l .~ oS I-< OJ) OJ) 0 .8...c:: U I-< ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ S :0 :<;:: 1B C;; ~ I::...c:: If: .D ::i ~ ::i ~ u 6 E ro ...... (I) ~ 0.- o (I) >. m 1-<~.g(l)(l)"2~I::Z ~>. ......1:: 0......-, ro ro ro~"51.D I-< (l) I-< .8 .....: '"@) S ~ 0 I-< (l)~ (I) I-< 0.. m ..-. _ . S .-- ...... ::i OJ) oS~"'O~ 1:: cd ro C m.D ro o [) 1::-6] (1)......2 ~~ t I:: ~ ~ 0 ::i.8 VJ ro :'1 (l) ;> -< .::: OJ).D 0.. 0.. E S ~ Z ro .....~ .!, -B ...c:: (I) 4-< (I) >-. .... -u-Ol::...... ~ ;::l - ;::l 0.. VJ 0 'u o 0 ~ m 0 "'0 .D ....... 5h~...c::Sg,~~S ~ ~ 3 .g .8 ~ '8 8 ...c:: 'en ~ m ...c:: ._ ::i I::ro.......c::rou~(l) .$2 ~ ~ ~ 'fi '>< .8 E __ g __ (I) ::i 0 0 I:: ro ....... __ ...c:: VJ ...... ~ ~ ] (I) ~ 8 "Cf.~ (I) (j) o-Sgs~l::l::~ ;::lbll(l)::i~ou:lO ~1::.D...c::...c::13u:;' I-< ....... 4-< 0 U U (I) if) E 1:i 0 ...... ._ m If: ....... cd(l)~m><:ro(l)?: :::S~"Eo- .... ;::l '" ro ......"Q) (I) I-< bfJ ~NE:;.;>cd . S g ...c= ro :::s ;> ',C ~" ~'"O__...c::~~~~ I:: Q) ~ (I) ... ,;:" 'C ~ (I) ...c:: (l) ~ "'0 ..... ;::l "'0 -- "'0 I:: 0 . '"0 __ 'C "'0 ::i 0 ~ .~ o cd 0 I:: _.- ....... m --~"'roUu(l)o ..... Q)... 5..... I-< I-< .... .<;:: ~ (I). S ~ 0 .~ - 0 ~ m <.+:< [) ;::l .~ .~ -- 0 ] >. U ~ 0:;:: m::i N (l) I::C;; '" ..... (I)...... ... I:: ro ~~ 1-<....... "''''0 u 1:i _ "" ;::l 4-< ...c:: ....... (I) o 'u (g 0 ~ ~ m~ "'0 m ~ rn 0..1:: (1)'"0 I::"'O.:=:: o (I) ><: 0 ...c:: (l) .3 I:: ::i I:: .s (I)'~ E-< . ~ ~ ro 1B (I) 0(1) .ro__>-'I-< ...c:: C I-< OJ) I:: o..::i OJ)...c:: ~ 0 ~ ~ .~ S SOu (I) '"0 I:: ...... .......- '0 ~ U (I) 0 's 1B -B ~ ...c:: (I) I:: ~ ~ 0 OJ).-;:; Q) ~ m Vi.D 0 ~ .8 ::: OJ) 0.. ~ (l) __ ~ I:: (l) ro eP ~ (I) "'0 ;> ...... I:: U 0 ~ ~ (l) ~ .8 >. cd (I) I-<...c:: .D-- (l) (l) VJ rn (l) @ ...c:: U ...... (I) ::::.D ro bfJ aJ .8 ;>..0 .- I-< u 2 (l) m ~;,; t"'O 0..8 ...... I:: bfJ (l) I:: S:.::: ~(j) (l) 0.. VJ S m 0 ro U ~~ 'C ~ ro"3 S .~ 8 ~ ~ 0.. ~"8] d~ (l)~.8~] cd ro -- .3 ~ .5 ~ .s ...... (l)c;; VJu__~-- (I) (l).B ~ cj ro ~ .~ ] bll ~ ...c::!:< t]...... bfJ__'"O 8 0 f-< '2 ::i .::; .s -:::.2, ~ cd ......, (l) 0 '" , 8 U ~ (I) ~'"O :::: (I) ,-::" ro ....... I:: ~ .2 I:: (1)'0'"0 m ~::ir-'...... ro ~...c::~].8~aJl.+:;~ m ~ N__4-< ~::i] a cd oS ~ .8 :2 ';;; .~ ~ ~ 8....... [) 2 u ~I:: ~ (l) (I) ~ ~ u .8 rn o'C 6] ~ 1:i 8 8. ~~ 'S I-< ~ 0 ~u_ ~;::l (l)P::;::i -B [)]~~-o~ ~:::: .~ 6 -- (I) OJ) - U ~:E ro 8 :B .~ .8 ~ ] 'ca [) ("'/ ~(I)~1:i~~~~6 '"0 ~ (I) ....... ro 0 __ ~ -- .5 E Q ~ 1:i ~.5 U~C;; m4-< VJ~::i...c:: ~ -- (1).2, 0 C;; 'en 8 ] U m2-...c:: Q) 0 I::.D ~ (I) U U ...c:: ....... (I) ~ (I);'; rn~!C:;. cd...c:: ...c::::i(l)(I)4-<?S__~ -- t] ;,; 1B 0 ;i ~ 'S ~ ~ ::i I-< Q) ... 0 VJ >-. t] >-....c:: u __ ::: -- "'0 ~.- .~ ..... ~ bll ro .a ~ '0 "Q) .~ ] ~ .8 ~ +-: .3 .~ ~ i tE .~ ~ ~ ~ '"0 blll-<~:::: I-< I-<~ >....... I:: ::i 0... s: I-< ro I:: ;. fr'Vi g ~ ;> c.8 ] ~ .8 ~ (I) 0 "'0 ..;::: 'C ro o .g ::i (l) ~ U ~ S ;> u .- (I) bfJ"'O 2 'C ro 0 I-< ., "E~ ...c:: ro ...... 8 "'0 m (I) ro ~- o 0.. ...c:: 0 VJ ~ ~th (I.) [) 'C ~ ~ o '50 ~ ~ o...c:: U ...... '"O~ 8 ;> ><:~ 'S ~ ~ ~ 3~ ~ ~ trl gf ~~ 'C .E"'O ~ ~~ ] .~ ] .8 .B g. ~ ] ~ ;> S 0 oS 1B lS "'0 8. oS ] .~ ~ '8 ~ B a .S...... 8 CI) , o..::i ..t:: c-a (I) 0 Q) ....... ...... ~ I:: ~ ~ :;.:a (I) "51 '"0 m ~ 'S 'ca ~ Q:) ..... "'0 ~ ::i '"0 1B ~ ~ .E c;; OJ) u ro ...c:: 0 ~ rn 3 - ............. ~~~.s~.go~]~g Q) t:::o~(I)""" ............'"0 u (1):.0 m ~ ~ Q ~ .8 ~ ~ '>< ] ] rn OJ)...... ...... ~ ::i 0 Eo~I::~'rno~~~~ o ::i ~ .~ S I-< ...... ........_ - ? 3 ~] 5'S ~ g ~ 5 ~ ~ goS~~~ ~ 5O~-5 rn-S ~I::(I)8"3 '...c::2>-.~0 4-<~~(I)~8UU(l) ...... ::i '50 0.. ;> I-< "'0 ~ ~ ~ U "8 CIJ (l)....... 0 I:: (I) ~ ~.8 !::l m ~...c::u bllro 1B Q) [) ~ p-. 1::(I).....cdl::l::l-<...c::;>.DS cd:::"51 [);::l ro ><:...... (l)4-< S m ::i ~ ~ r~ '2 bfJ VJ 0 8 ::i~~...c:: VJ'-" (I) I::~ (l) m ...c:: I-< .s:::: cd ~::::':>,...c:: 8 ro ~~.....e'"O~::i1-< I-<(l)~ ....... ~ I-< 0 Q) 0\ ~ ~ ~ .D "'0 I:: I:: O.D (g - (l) "8 3 S 'C (l) Q)~~~ 0..1::-B::i 0 (I) 0 ~ ~ ro Q) ><:....... ~ ~ S ::i ? S ~ Q) I:: >'~0..Q)~ (I) 0 .- Q) Q) .D '-' ::i ..... I:: ~~8'€ C1J...c::'"O 8 o~ (l) ~ I:: bll:.o.8~ ~.~ 5h~.~ (1);';1:: r-<.;::'::i am C ...c:: I-< g ~ VJ 'S; (I) ...c:: ~I:: c.8 2 ...... 8 >. c.8 Q)....... VJ U ro -::: ~ uVJ(I);>.....O(l)::i'" .S cd cd .D :.::: ~ oS S d oS .8 I:: (l) I (1).8 bll..... I-< o'"OOI-<~l::uQ) ...... 'C ~ 0 Q) ....... ~ ~ (j:) 0 """'8"'O.-e4-i~ 'g c@ E ~ .~ ~ .~ :E 0..1::~ ;>;::l;'; tiE-< ~ ~~~~;>-...... ih '50 S ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ [) (l) '';::: S ~ .~ ~ ro ...c:: [) 0.. 0....... u m ~ -0 ~P~~~~.c '"O~'"O'-'.....Q)...c::c 1::...c::(I)l::roQ)rnc-a ro..... .Q.s I-< -- ...c:: I::VJ8..::i~ro~..... Q)~Q)-mrn~Q) ~ I-< ~ '8 c;; .:a Q)] Q) .5 1-<.8 VJ ~ 0 ......m"Q)Q)~Q)........ ,~ ..... '" I:: I-< 0 ... [)u;>-ro ;::l~ c~~t::I::~~ i-< ro....... Q) 4-< E cd(l)Q)o.........c:: ? bll8...........E-< 01:i I::ro (I) -ro ~....... CIl >-. (l) cj (I) ..... _bll _m!:<;>rn I:: ro (l) (I) rn ::i ~ 'en 3 ~ -B S ~ .8 (l) ~ '"E "'0 ...... ~ ;> 8 (g Q) u >.cd rn~(l)::i'"O a :z g ~ 0..~C;; ~ S ;::l",o.....::icj...c::O o..:.g cd 0 ~ .<;:: .- Q) 00'"0::: 5h'"O~] ~ ~8blll::'"OI::""'~ ....... , .8 .8 ~ .8 '0 ~ [) .~ ~ :@::iol:: g ~ rn .s I-< I-< '1:: ::i Cd ~ o .D "'0 0 1::'2' I-< q]I::::i80~ -< ...... ....... ~ 0.. U .D .8 N 8 "0 .S ~ ~ .S Q) I:: ..s:::.... t':g:;~~ <t:: Oll Q) ..... 4-< en ~5~Q)0~ Q).ot5oQ)__ ..s::: :::.......s::: g.o ...... Q) "0 ::: v 'u I:: Z 1:: _ :-s! .::;: o ro '''' u ..... en~ u en .5 -8 l::Q)~CliVU . S :~ . ~ ~ -t3 . 2 .~ ~ 'en''::: 8 ] - ;:>.'2 ~ :g ~ --a ~ .~ ~ =:::~~g] ~Z..s::: o~ ~ ~ E-< U rJ'J r:;:: ..--. 0 OJ} 0 ::: 4-< Q) ::: I:: ::: 0 0 ..s:::......:.a........c::1:: E-< I:: ...... Q) UJ Oll - ..... Q) ..s::: ~ 'en ~1::~~i~S '.c QJ 00 Q) ",',-l 1;) '2 8 Q) Q)-a.~ OJ} ~ '1: ..s::: ::: I-j ;> .5 8g,:v.Etf~ 8 ~:::.o::: =:"0 o Q) O..s::: vt;:; Q) u=..s:::......ZQ)~ "0 .0..... en ';i -t3"O Q) I::~ ~ "8 '::::"C ~ ~ 0 ....... ~.~ 0 "O"O........--."oen;::j 'C '1: ~ ~ 'C 8 ~ 001:: I:: 001:: ~~~.g~~8 ~ I:: o .S ..... ..--. ro ro ...... en I:: en Q) ..... 8 8 ;::j .~ U "0 0 enO ~~ ......~ [5 ~ 8-t:: Q) 0 ~::: ~ ...... 8 ~ ~.~ ~ ro Ul ;:>. ...... .0 "0 "0 = I-, ro ro ..... ~ .~ ~~ 'S Ul 0. ..... =~ o I:: en 0 ~ ::: I-, Ul ;:>. ;::j I:: U o I-, .g~ ;:>. ~I::I:: ~1::1::.......;en ......."OOO"O~O.....CIi ';i @ ~ Q) 0 ..... ~ ::: 'u ~ ro .;g :E ~ Cd ~ Q)~"O CIi......~"O CIi';i 0. g 'co "0 Ul O""C Q) I:: ~ ~ ;::j Q) .;:: -0 0 N 0 en I-, r:;:: "0 g, U ~ ::: .~ .~ ~ 'o'~ [.~ ~ Z ~ ul-,l-,"OQ) 0 0 ro 8 Q)"--' ~;-' 0.] I-, ~!B~ tlE-< d g-ro 0. ~o8.:::vioen .-t3d .... 0. Q) Q)''; 0 U'.l ';i .S 4-< ~ ..... w ;:: ......, Q) ...... o ~ Ul -B .t:: "0 ..... ....., ..s::: CIi "E 5 ~ ...... ~ 'C 2 ] u] .0.... 0 g CIi U g CIi ...... ..... 0 ~ OJ} OJ}"--' "3 ;:>.:0 ~ o.';i CIi I:: I:: ~ 0.::::: ~ r:;:: ,..., ........... 1-,...... - ,.., ,~ .~ t:i ~ '"E Q) ~.~ ....... I:: -BgCligQ)~ag';iO I::.c]....... ~~ Q) ~,~ E OP-. Cli4-< I-, ":::: I-, Q)..s:::;::j -<I) ~OO'_Q) ............ .....ro"O~I::O:::UlQ)Q) .S ::: = en ..... .0 CIi .~ I:: Q) ~S~ro~~.......t:iCli5h n CIi......,,_Cli..........Q) .;:: Q) Q)"';::"O .......2"0 :o..8N-B 5'8::: g:::o ;::j ~::: .::: ~ 0 u 00 o.,.g' Q) 5 u ;:>. ~ OJ} ~ .-< ~en 0 z.::: Q) :;E S .5 '8 CIi SU = OJ}~"O Ul~'a.g o ~';:' Ul ~"g Q) ~ ..s::: 0 .t:: ro ~en l5' ~ 0. Q) 0 ;::j:= u:::I::CliQ)U)I-,...... ,.g'.....: t:i Q) .S ~ "0 ~ Q)] o @ Q)~ ~ u~:E~::::: U~ ~:=]>.:-E gfo.g, .E 8. - 1:: 0 c:: 5 ~ .~ a oa.,g~;::j:$I-<=~o >-,............ ,r:;:::; 0......E-....CIi......'O0 --:::;1-, ..s:::';j 0 ro u "0 ".. en ~ ..s::: Q) u ..... .0 -B 'S 0 8 Q) t:i ...... 0 ~ ~:.a (g g .~ 8':: (g ~ 13 ~ (5 Q) :::~-B......Q)v2'O~~0ll ~~1::..s:::1-<5~u(g~Q) ~ ..... ....... ..... E-< Q) pI} ~ ro ::: fr d' ..s::: g S ~ ~ -B Q) u .5 0 I-< ";j ...... c;::< "020;>ogf~:::en~"08 ..s::: I:: .E ~ en I:: ............ lZl .......... I-< Q) ~.~ tI) ~ ~ 8 0 g ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ .~ :2 ~ .s.1a .~ ~"8 G = ] g '0 E.~ ;:>. ~ ...... en~:B...... .5 ~ (oj u = Q) g 6 'C .S ~ CIi I-, OJ} = en gf.s g ~ ::: "ti ~ ~ ~~ ~ .S ...... ;.E ';j ~ o Q) ...... I:: 'u ';i ..c:; ::: ~ en ~.E ~ d' ~ 'a::; g a '1: 8 0 ~ ~ ..... ro ~ a 2 ~ I:: I:: 0,15 iJ ;>~.:':j E ii) ;::j 0 U I-< 0ll.......E ro CIi ~.u"O .~ u ;::j g ~ ;:>. - ~ ~ :.'1 ~ = Q) ~ 8 "0 c;::< ro - Oll u "0 ;:>. Q) .- ~ ro en I:: a 8 = Q) "0 ~ ~ 1-,...... ~ 2 8 @ '5 ] 'fi a @ a> ::: .s .g o in a ;.;:: ...... ..... 0 ~ '" >-'"0 0 ~ 1-,0CliO..s:::t~I-,.j) :::Q)"O-;:: Q) h :::(ilenQ)"! Q)~I::"" u .~ 00 ~ _ 0. en OJ) "I Z"O CIi Q) = 0......... ~...... OJ} -. ..... "0 ro ~ I-, Q) ~ Ci' en 'C O!l = I-< Q) = u g, P-. .~ ;:>. Q::S B ...... Q)...... 0 en Q) 4-<0 ;:>.;:>. "OQ) > a ~ ,-., = .E ] p,.. ......0llQ)~i-< .......enQ)-........c:; Q);:>.01-,...... ro~aOJ):::::= 0. ";:: -0 Q) en en 0 0. 0 I:: CIi ..... ;:>. .... ::: ~ .g ~..... a> OJ)..... ...... I:: ...... o.~ Q) ..s::: u u = ~ ~ CIi"O ] Q) ~ ~ ...... .......~ ~.5 I:: ~'2 0 I-, Q) E-<-t3 E-<'a '0 CIi"O 5-.i:5 ~"O~~t2 ...... Ul Q) ;::j 0"' Q) ~ = o Q) :0 ro ..--. ..... ro > ro .~ I-, Q) Q)..s::: ~...... ::: .5 .=Q)......Q) O!l..... ..s::: :B en Q) >,...... ..... 0 '-'Cli4-<~..s::: ~ :::......5 ~ ~ ~ 'C I-<~ 0 Q) .... ~. 0 ';i Q) ...... ~ ~ ] ~ ~ ~ .~ ; ';i ~ 0 u u "0 I-, u Q):r:!:E~ in ] .s....o _ ~ 1j = a 0 ;:>. o~ en u .; :: ~ f~: (l)".;j Olla CIi =:::' 8~ CliO-Bi:5..dC(g Oll c.l:1 ~ ~ ~ ..... ..... 1::..." ..... ro ;> ..... ......., I::Q)CIi~ 'S.5 :::.:&~ u u ~ a 0 en..--._ ro ......o......;:>.~~'O Q) U gf--a 5 0 a> ~ ::: ..... 0"0 Q) .s ......01aQ)en..s0 Q) = ...... ..s::: ...... = Q) ..s::: Q) en ...... U ..... en ~:~~~]~ ......1::0Q)Q)O"O =Q)..s:::t:iU;::j= '0 S ::: [~ r:;:: CIi o.~ a..s::: in '0 ~ Q)......Cli'O'OUl~ ..s:::enUO~=:>' ...... ~Q)......enoN = 1::"0 I:: ...... ..... I:: o .s 'C ..... ro ~ Q) 1-,~0Q)-t3.t:i';i Q) "0 ~ "0 = '1: ~ 'C r:;:: '1: ..s::: Q) Q) ...... 0 'Ou u ..... I-,;::jO;::j:.a=u &:r:;::!5.r:;::::: 8~ .....:::1 ~ OllC~~ en [5 r--- ~.5 ro ~ =: CIi ::::"".;::---.s~'- 8 ~ u 8:'1: .5 ~ ~ Ji'1: 0. en Z Q).5 0. U en .~ ~ ~ e ~ .~ .@ ::::: ...... 0 en u Q) Q) .0, ~ ::: 4-< B51 -8 Q) entl~U)~"O ro "0 I-, Q) .... ';i ,::::: Q) ';j ~ u = a ~ ~ '2 ;:>.;.E 0 Q) 8 Q):.a ~ .0 t) .~ .s SO CIi a"O Q) I-, gf u ;:>. = a ~ .s ;::j..... ro.o:::8~"Oo(g .~ "0 ~ "0 "E @ ] 8: I-< ~ ....... Q) ..... ..... 0 Q) 'Cn en ..... 0 \O~ 0. u ..... Q) ro 0. a I:: 9 ....... ;> "0 "0 00 ..... '''' .0 CIi' I: = 0\ p.~ u~..s:::oQ)"""'au o.en;::jQ) = g; .~ r:;:: ..s::: ..... ~ S >"0 ,......"OQ)O "'.ES~8gu ~=:::g5-.~ ~ ~ .~ t:i Oll = tU _ en = ~ ;> o "0 8 t...... Q) 0 'S ~ g ~ t5 q ~ Q)"Or:;::'" en en "0 "9 '1:....... Oll"O 8 ~ '0. 0 ro = !:l I-< 0 Q) ;::j ~ .~.... -='''' ;::j " ....... "" ..... 0 '-8 ~ - Q) '1: CIi ~ S) ci:: .5 ~ "0 in ~ a @ ..s::: ..... I-, Q) Q) ~ ~ a ~ ;:>. '.... Ollen "S:..s o ...... ~4-< ~ 0 0.::: Q) Q) I:: ..... o > co ~ = en 4-< en ..... ;.E 0 = 2 E-< 2 .s u "3 ~ ,~ Ul en ...... <::;:::1 a Q) ;::j Q) Q) I-, a ..... I:: ~ ~ 0 ~ I-, en 0 Q) Q)Q)enOll ~t;'3Q) ro~;::j;g Oll=.oi:5 = Q) " ..... Q) @ u = ~ U .g~Q)Q) 8.~ ~] o.~ 0 0 4-<l-,a~ ~ ~ a ~ :0 .~ 8 ~ CIi]=O: ~~ .,. u ;:>. 0 0'5s:J~ ~~~] =~ ~ Q)~"O ::: CIi 55 ~ en en.~ ro Q) =......0:.; ..8 @ . ~ ~ ~ ~ 1:: = 1::roQ)O Q) a a..;:: u a Q) ~ = ro ~ ;::j 8aina ~ o Q) u ~ = ..... ..... ':::::'E '0 CIi ....., "0 o g .......... en ~ ~~ a>.o o 2 U 'u .~ [~.~ "E~~~ Q)......E-<..s::: u 0 Z ...... I:: 0 I-, o ...... Q) Q) u "0 ..s::: ;> Q) ...... 0 ~ ";j I:: E ..... "0 ..... Q) ..... 'C = U o 0 Q) = ~ ..... Q) 0 c;::< cS ~ u ~ d ..... gf en 15'~'2 Q) ~ u Q) ~ ..s::: ~-E~tO ..... ;::j 0 ~ ...... 0 .., I-, d Q) b Q) ~ ..s en 'E Q) 4-< a> o .s 0 ..s::: a.i I-, en] "0 Q) .5 I-, 'C > 0 0 .,......8 ~~ "S[5;::j~r:;:: "O~~o"O 9 I-, I-, ~.~ '''' 0. Q) "0 - = Q)::: Q)o. .~ .0 Q) I:: ~ ';ia .: ] .~ :2 ..... ..... Q) ro ~ ~ ]~ ~ 's. a ..... ~ "0 -8 1::t};::j.E4-< ..... Q) ~ en 0 ..s::: I-, ...... Q) 0"0 -8 8 "l:l..s::: Q) Oll ~ .5 "0;: '1: Q) o Oll ;::j U) c "; Q)"o lZl I:: ~:.g 0"0 ...... Q) I-, ...... Q) ro ..s:::"O V '1: ..s::: 0 ::: ;::j r:;:: ~ 6 o 0 o I:: ..s::: Oll u I:: @:.; u I:: t.+:: I::..s::: ~ Oll I-, ;::j Q) 0 o...s::: CIi.:!:: ~ CIi ......- I:: ...... Q) 0 > I:: Q) I-, ;:>.0 I:: Q) CIi in ..s [ V') U)~ ~ Q) Q Q) I:: E Oll ;:>. Q) Q) -~..... = 0 (oj I:: ::::: ''::: I:: CIi ...... 0 ~ U 0 CIi .~ ~ .: .2, ~ '5 S ~'€ ~ 'B ';i -8 S ~ .~:2 [ CIi~aQ)~~en......"O ......4-1 en......"l:l~ 0 ~ I:: 5 Q) ;:>. 'u;::j 1::...... ro "0 ~en @ en in ';i en "0 "0 Oll~ a"E Q)"E:::~ Q) .5 '1: Q) ,::: Q) 0 ;:a ~ uo~s~O~ "0 .E,E I:: 0. Q) 4-<0 ~"E'C ....._~o..s::: en!::lO ~4-<~I-,Q)Q)I-<"";::j o 0'1-<......~0ll4:: .5 ;:>. = 0. ;::j ;:>. I:: , "0 Q) ";j a.t:: ..... I:: Q) ~ Q)..s::: o......r-- ~ 0 ] t:i ~ ...... ~ .E "";' '8 = g~~g(g';i::: ~"O c;::< '::: ~ ~ a I:: Q::S "0 Q) 4-< :0 Q) ..... "0 0 on ~ ~ o I I-, U) ='.g ro CIi"O en ~ Q) :.a CIi z ~ u '1: en .0 ..s::: ............ Q) Q) 0 il)~E-< enQ)I-l"O =0 .ol::Q).....::a4-<.E Q)"O Q) bJ) ';:i..... 0 _ ..5 6',.5 ~ lS B"5 en .5 UCIi~OQ) '08 ~ = 5 '.g -B 13 0 Q) ~ Q) ~ ;> .~ 'S I:: ..s::: ...... U Q) .0 ~ :0 .0 'e ~.5 ~ ..s:::.....o......~...... '-'''0 ......0 ::::=enO .... Oll = en ....... 0 ...... 0 ~ 'u I:: en Q) ..... en o~ U ,::::: ..... CIi . I: ~ 1=ii '.;:l 0\ 1::..... "0 ..s::: ro..... "0 I:: M Q) en 8 Q) u u '1: Q) I-, Q) Oll I-, CIi Q) 0 "0 I-, ~ ..... Q)Q) .......;::j;:>.~<.;..:<1-, ~.s ~ ~r:;::.o 0:'; i:5 "f" Q) ...t:: ..... o ..... .S ..... ;:l 0.. .~ .-;:: I=: Q) ...t:: ~ Q) "0 'C o ;:l 4:: "0 '0 :> ro ..... o a ro u Q) ~ I=: ._ 0"5. ~ ~ ..0 en I-< Q) ..... ro ~ .-:::.. ~ "0 ~ ...t:: "0 ~ ~ CfJ ", ro ~ ~ Q) I-< ..... ~ .~ en 's ~.g af Q) .S I-< Ul I-< ~ Q) U) ~.~ - Q) ~ ~ 'f: ..... ~ ~ 8 bI) Q) ].5 ~ U~...t:: I=: 0.. u 'C Ul x"O] .8 ~Ul 0.. I=: Q) 8 .S -5 0.....4-< ~ ~ 0 en Q) 2 ~...t::'" Ul ..... ro 'c tl ~ bI) Q) U .5 ~'g :::: Q) ...... o ...t:: Q) I-<........t:: ESt: 0.....c.8 U "'@ Ul I-< ...t:: Q) t8 E .~ ro~ 'g:.ai55 -558. Q) a Ul a ._ ::a U .- ::0 ;:l 0.. c~ ~ ~ E >-. ro Q) N Q) "0 I-< I-< .- :i E-< ~ c;jct:-< I=: ,Cl .S ~ ~> Z I-< o Q) 'S -5 Q) 4-<\/) ~ ~.s ~ c;j 0. ~ .::: ~]E...t:: ..0 U c.8 .~ >-. I=: '" 8 ..0 ..... ~ "Oo~.e Q) 00 0 "0 1-<C'l8ro ro I-< _ 0.. Q) I-< ..... Q) 0. 0 ~ I-< ro ~ j;;i 0.. ...t:: . I CI.luCl~ ro . Ul ~8~:i E'S ~ . ~;:Jt:~ j;;i 00 .- r--- ;:l Q) ::r:: ....... UQ)8v1 .g srooo cn~~O? ~~~~ C"O-Z .S ~ ~ ~ ~ . c CI d:S ~.~ 2~~~~ 0..8~~ ~ t:: ~ ~. 1::ro".:::-,:::: 8 U a ~ c l' ~ ';J- 2 ~ r~ :2: ;:> ::; v ~ I=: '''' u.J t; Q) I-< 5 B o ro ..... ~ V"J U .- ...!:; ..... (l) 4- o Q) "0 o U 0.. u.J -< Z (l) ...t:: ..... ,.., r;r.; Z o """ ~ Eo-< """ U ~ ~ ~ ~ Eo-< """ ~ ~ Eo-< o Z ~ Z ~ ~~ :::: ~ ~ :::: a ~ .~ c ~ ~ :.g~e I=:~c... 'C ~ "0 'c> ~ ~ ~ 1;1 ~ ~ :: .... :::: '1;:l e ~ .... ~ ;;:. e~ c...'ci> . ~ ~ .9 ....... ~ ~ 'tj ....... N a \0 I-< '" , ......, ~ ,.-.l -<::r:~VI """'''-~",;:,-.:-.._-'- Q) Q) t:: ~ ~ bI) C "0 Q) OJ) Q) ...... "0 00 "O.~ I=: .- cue - o 'C "0 0 I-< 00 .- I=: ro ~ ._ ..0 I=: 0 ,8 fr E 2 ] Q)....... ~ 'c;j Q);:l......, I-< 0 0l.H.e,S ~ Q) I=: ~4::"O""'U;:l _C~I-<O "~ 0 Q) C 4:: ~ .::: Q) I=: U g. ~ ...... Ul Q) Q) ~ ~ g ._ I=: "0 00 Ul U 00 "'@ E- f;l ro "0 c;::: 0 ~uiCl"O 00 ~ 0 8.-5 ~ 4- ~ I-<~ U 8 ~ 8. ~ x .- 00;;:: o Q) Q) ;:l <+=< '''' X 00 0 Q) ~ "" >-. I ~ "0 Ul ...t:: CI.lQ) '00 ~ ~ c ~ Q) ~ 2 ~ ~ 00 2 ~ ~ ~ ] 'R ~ OJ) 0.. E 0 8 o...t:: :: 0.. g B '0.5 ~ U ~ ~ ~ (5 cB g .;;; Q) ~ ~ U Q) ~ "'Cf"'@ ~ ...t:: U ..... -5 g.c c;j -B ;g ~ g.~ ~ ~ ~ [) ~ ~ E .8 ...t:: ,g "0;::1 0..;:l.5 :> 'r:::'.g OJ) U I=: 4-< ~o .8 (g ] o >-. .- I=: ~CI.l 0 0 "-= 0.. t;:: a ';:l Q) "0 ..... ro U Q)"""" Q) x "'- 1=:"01=:"0 U I=: U::.;:l Q)~ Q) Q)..... ro 01-< 'C ;:l ~ ~ C , U I-< ::. 00 Q) "" "" '.;j I-< 'u C ro ~ Q) 1$ ~ .~ "0 Z C Q)..... o 8:: 0 ;:l ro -E'u co:> x U ro..... "0 ~ 4-< C 0 U 0 .8 I-< "0 ~ 'c;j ~ 4-< 0'- ..... 0 4-< Q) g~c~-5~8~~;0~ o OJ) Q) "I c.- u.::: 0.... en Q) ...... _ C "0 '';'' Q) "'ii:i I-< ~,) ._ 0):> C '.J'6'u'~ u.~ Q) ~ ~ :> -g . S ~ ;:l '.;j "E ~ "0 0.. Q) N ~ 4-< ::;:; g 1$ ~ 8 o...S Sj ~ 'S ..... 0 '.J COo.. >-.C'l Q) "0 ro C 0 -g 0 Q) Q) ro C'l C .b'C ~ Q) "0 UI-<"O-tio!::oot::c~ C C ro.c Q) ro ti ~,.E! I-< ;:l Q) 00 ..... ;:l ...... 0 ...t:: Q) ;:l C ..... Q) U ~ Q) 0' ~ ;g ;:l ...... :: .00...... 4-< C -5 4-< ~..o ~ ~ ~ ~ .S ~ .~ 0 ~ 0 0 u ~ ~ I co-., 2\0 00 ....... Q)r--- .g....... Q) Clc; ..... --; ~ o..;~ x~ -..; 'S a ~ \,j "3 .~ ~ ~ $ ;:s ~~ .S ~ ~:i 'C o c~ ;:l ro c;::: E .... Q) 3~ -0"0 ~ ~ 4- 0< .~ Jo-Ir. U 0 'x'S .9 ..s v:;- o U 0-., 9\/)~ Q) ~-- Z 'r--- ~r--- C'lt:l-........ I-< >-. Q)- ~c;j ~ .~ ..... U U :.::: ro ..0- ;:l >-. 0..-& Q) 0 . ...t:: I-< OJ) ...... 0.. c 00 "0 0 ~ g ~ 8 U.~ ...t:: .~ Q) U 0 U ~.; B ;>...t::~ >-....... ;:l .~ OJ) 00 -c-. 0..... Q) o..~"'ii:i ro C I-< ~ 's >-. ...t:: Q) ~ ...... 00 "0 .~ ~ c"O .s I-< c~ 00 c.8 .S Q) ...... ...t:: Q) 00 ...... - Q) U OJ) ~.::: c g "Qi .; ~ :>.~ ~ro___ ~.b ~ 00 0.. Q) ;:l 0.. 0) ...t:: ;:l Ul E-< Ul ;:l ::::o..;~ 'e ;:l~ ~ ~~o ~ 'C'l ~ ~.~ .~ ~"~ [f) Q) a "O...t::..... U ~ ~ Q)::r:: ~>,'1;:l ro ~ .E'; ~ ~Clto ........: ~a E """"c I=: Cl .;:: o 6 ~ Ul ro ..... .~ ~ ~ gQ'~ 4:: ~ I-<~ U ~ Q) OJ)c g c ;::: .E~8 U 4-<ZC; 0>,"0 8 ~ c 5 ~ ro ~c3~ I=: "0 -NcC'l MNU3~ -. 00 0-., 0-., ....... -- Q) ..... "0 ro ,....l '1: :::l ~ 9 U ~ ~ ~ ;:> .... 0 l:: ..... :::l~ "0 i.i ~ U "0 I-< '"0 C1 o .... <r:; Q) @ '"O~:i 'J: f"'" o 0 :::l ..... 4: ~ I C 8 c ;:l .S rfJ f""'! ~ 5 .2 ~ ~ f~ Q) o ..... $:::"'@ o i-: ..... Q) ~ ;,; en ~ .'2_. ~ ~~ ~ I=: 'C .~ "0 g ~ ~ $ U ~ -::t..9 c~ o 00 u ro ro Ul >-< ...t::~ ...... ro t:: o ::r::-. ~oo ~o-., . 0-., ~....... ~ -- Coo Q)o-., CIlC'l C I Q)-::t .......00 ~C'l ~-::t . 00 ~r--- ~...l::: Fl ~ ~ ~ '" 'E~' ~ Q) .;:; "E :.... .~ cq ~C'l go-., ...t::- No Qjo-., u"- ....0-., vC'l b ~ ~ 't $::: a ;:s ~~ k; v .t;~ ...!:;>< ~g 0;>- "0 ~ ;:l ~~ ~Cl ~ Q) "0 'r 9 ... 4: b.O c ro ...t:: N ::r:: .g:C; :.a 4-< o b.O ~ ..... ,~ ;J -. ,.,- ~\O ii3o::i~ on~C- ......~>-.CI.lQ)Q)roCl.lU~4-<4- , ~ .~ .-;:: 8.~ ~ ~ g:g 8 0 ~ S Q) 00 .~ a 8 ~ "0 ~ ;:l ~ ~ ..... Q) ~~~ Q)"O~ (l)0"......0~"O ~ ~ (5 :::: ~ ~ "'@ P; Q) ro 8 ..0 .~ Q) ~ 3 's ~ s ~ $ -5 ~ : .s a ~ ] E .S c ~ ~ ~ g ~ ~ OC 1-: Q)r:c"O~oE~1-< " ....... >-. :::" Q) Q) I-< Q) ro i31) '-H .:S! . . ~ 0~uUlQ)<+=<~8 ..o~Q)~ 'aQ) ~ ~ ~~ Q)r--- ~ a~8-B 5~.s ~~ o-5g ~~ Q) Q) 01) ~ ~.8 Q)~-5 8 .8g"Ou 2 g~ 00 ~~ Q)~~""'~~ >-.~24- 5 ~ ~ ~ U ::. 00 0 ...t:: !:l OJ) 0 ro 0 00 ,(1) ~ >-. Q) ;> 0 "0 bI) ..... 0 4-< "0 ......, Q) ..... "0 r"\ >-"0) CIl '0 0 'C U ~ 2 u...9 2 2 1-4 - ::. ~ Q) O'C ...t:: ~ c 0.. "roQ)ro;> "O"O;:l...........Q)roc ""'''0 g~ >-.~].C4::.~ 8-5 ~ ~ .8 'C Q) Q) "0 .g ~ g 4-< Cl .2 CI.l'r: $ fr g ~ -5..8 8 8 4:: 0 Q) 4-< ~ bi)..... ti4:: Q) Ul4-< 00 I-< +-'...t:: >-'j;;i ro 0 ~.- 0 ro 00 0 ~ ..... ro._ "0 ...... ~~"' Q) 8 Q):.E<+=< ;::::l4-'9~ Q) ~ ""....""00 1-<..... Q)o<oOJ)o;:a...... .!:l ~ -5 J< ~_...t:: 4-< (g Q) ~ ~ ....... ~ "0 c ~ 1-4 00'-;:: 0 r"\ C ~ ~ ..... OC ;> g ~ ~ g] ~ .~ ~ ~ g:.:: ~ 'S gf ~ oQ) C.....c;:l"'O ;:l~ ro 0 "0 I-< ~ 2 ~ ~ 0 I-< ci ~ ] :@ ~~]~ 0..0J):.:::~.g2...... 80......"0 CI.lCl.l~..v"'@co..Q) ~g 00 "'@'C "" ~ U 0 0.. ~ ~;> Ul .=: "0 Q) Q) 8 ] 's -; -< ro .S OJ).g.- f;l 2 ~ -5 "8 E-< Q) -5 ~ .8 .t; .S ~ ] ~] ...t::~Q) 08 E .5 -B ~ ,as ~ 0 ~ 'Q) 0 00 0 o ro 4-< :> I;l::: ro ...t:: ..... U ;:l Q) ;:l ~u"OooQ)~~.a~4::-5c;::: \/) x ;J .... ~ '"0 ..c u c Q) U C Q.) b '2 c~ g~ Q) .~ I-< a :::l ;:s (gk; ~O Q)~ '"0 '1: o :::l I:H -. VI 0-., 0-., ....... -- r--- 6 ro d "0 t; ~ u~ tB_ q::: , . u.J :.a \ON ~'E Q) ro "-"0 U ~ .~ +-l [f) ~ CIl .~ ~ ro~ "3 0 U ...... c;j"O U .~ ~o.. ] ~ ..... I=: 4- Q) o...t:: .~ ~ :0 ~ ;:l .s o..ro _"0 ~o Q) ..... c .~ Q) x 000 Q) ..... ...t::"O ...... Q) I-< ~ c.8 Q) c 'S: o Q) ..... I-< ...... ' '" I-< U Q) .- Q) 0..0.. S .J' ..... 5 Q) U ...t:: Q) E-<~ \0 8.l2 ('j ""' \-; "t o~ ... s;: \j - cG ""' - LL1 <S 0\ \.I.l <:ll 0\ Vl~::=- ...Qr-- CIl <:ll fL< ..:::~~ ~ "t ~ 2 ~ ui "C~23 c: ~...... o C) C "C ~ Q) c: <:ll C/J ~ .~ ~ o ~ ;::l (3.5 ::r:: '8 Q)-O o "S ~ ~ .E ..c en ...... o.fl'"@ Q) o I-< :r:: g234-; ('j ~ 0 ~u C ;::l I./) ...... I=: Q) '"@ S 5 ~ .~ fr ::ZCl <C ......; Q)~ ~ ;::l ......:l od ~ '"@) '"@ Q) I=: 's.. Q) ..t::: ...... 4-; o Sl3 o - .8 . en - >,"<:t ..t:::0\ 0..0\ Q)- ..t:::'-' ......-::t 1=:0 ON Q)OO -ON 'C ~ g ~ c;:: \j 4-; <:ll o ~ U~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'i::: r--c3 s;: ...... \j '- ~ -.. ;::: '3 ;::l ~ o ..... ..t::: ""' ;::l ;::: 0'''''<: 8~t::' ~~O'\ "'" ~O\ ~~- o '-' 4-<';:::!0 1-<..00'\ ]~~ Q) ;:::! 00 K50- 5.-0;::; d ~ ~ o '-" ...... i \j .gQ~ 'C \;J g ~:z ~~~ o ;::: .....: o '5 ~ ~ ;> s;: U~..s! ~ ~ ~...... ~ i$ co ~ I;) I;)~ ~ Z-.;J..c., .";:: ~ ~ 0. s;: -I./)\j CIl"C gf~ :.a J3u (,)~ 'C ...... I;)~ ('j 00 :.a t\l Il)..t::: il;U H . ~~ ~o .s ;:::~ ;::l 0 tl'EG' ~ ;:. ~ 'C 0_ o ~'-' ;:::! . 10 r;:::~o rh~~ Il) ~IO 'C I-< 0'\ t\l ~N (,) ;::: N ;::: ...... 'n .8 K5 "" ~:a q ;::: u ~ ''-< I./) ~ ~ ui , I-< E-< ..t::: t\l . ~ ~~ ;::l ..ac:;:::: i$ Q) Q) Q) ...... i$ zt15 G:: t\l oot\lU B en ..-< Q) ..t:::~ ~~ I./) :j...... ~ Q) Q) 5..a t):9 t\l 0 <.t<d ..-< ...... ;:;:1./) o ;:::~ Q) Q) u 00 c..o 00- "OUO ..-< t\l 0'\ u......O'\ .S ~- Q)'-' Q) "d N ...t:l-o ...... 0 'n .S "d 0 C ~ 0 o 'n .~ ~ ~ 'C ~ N t\l ,...., ;>~~ ~13~ .S bl) Q) t\l '"@ ~ as '0 cod a ~ ~ ~ E-<~ B13cid 23 '5 .g as I./) Q) I-< en~'1.:: ~Su 5 ~ 8 ~~u "0 . Q) 'C ......:l .!:;:: o d 0 ;::! ~ bl) - >- c: ~ ;> ...... '-.; ~ u ~ c < '::::-,;;; ~ oJ::) k; .~ J5 . ~ t\l . ~ :r:: 00.' 0'\ Il) co 0'-. ~ I=: Q).$ ]~ t\l~~~ ~ ~ ~~ [5 ~f:!ClI=: "0000 B A; I-<'en ;::! E-< 0 .- "d zen;> c '> ~ t\l Q)"d~ 8-E<~ B Q)i$ 23 Js Q) ...... I=: ..... ~ ;>.~ ~ Q) (,) ...... O'\O:::C/JI./) .9 ~ ~~ ::l~ ~d ;> ..t:::' '"'i: bl) Q) ;::l "0 0 Q) as -0 ,[/) 0 ...t:l 0 .;:jd :J"d .5 ~ .2 ~ -- t\l "0 'C o ;::l c;:: "d c: t\l Q) I-< ::l ..... U C\l <.t< c:~ - ON s~ - ~ '-' Uoo ~-::t I=:r-- o I S~~ .~ r-- ..o~oo ~Cl~ ;::: ..-< Q) "d 'r-' o ::l P:;:;~ a~ ::l_ :.0'-' 0"" [/)0\ ~.... a'S~ :.0 ;::! 1:: tl C) en & 'r;; ~ Q) ~~ g< c .~ '~I u S "0 -I c:fL< C\lM U b \0 oeo 0"0 .2 @ ;..< rS~ o h .......Z u-"d h C\l I=: ::l ;::: .... .... 0 w U ...... ~~U ~ ~ .... I-<~ '" Q) ..c; ~ 0. "0 Q) 0 ;::: "0 0 co::l 0 U s:::"O o H '.,C ~ t\l CIl .-0 I-< 'C co::l o (1) ::l c;:: ..: Q) bl) bl) ~ ~ ...... - ~N ......0'\ ~O'\ bl)- I-< '-' 010 ..aN "d1O - I Or-- ... d- B 10 co::l ......N ~ co::l ....... .....HI./)C) U 0 ~.~ V a H '>.l ?;-o ~~ t) ;:::.g r~ ..aco::lu-'- c ;::: co::l ~ .S ~ ...... s;: ...... t:: ""<: co::l 0 'g ~ ~ ~B I./) ~:.a "0'" Q) ~ 0 ...t:l 0 E-< ~ ~ u 0 U 'n S 0 - C\l ....:l ~ ~ M ~ u ...... CI:l a o h ..c; U h V ...... 00 .;;; "0 s::: en t\l s::: 00 o ...... 00 ~ Il) 1-<. '5 ~ c: ..a CI:l V< azC/J ~ Q.8 o s::: a "2 0 ...... 2 ::l CI:l ...s::"OE u~r.8 u 00 CI:l [/) s::: - ..... C\l ....... ;:; b - -::t 00 0'\ ....... '-' - -::t 0'\ , 00 M 0'\ ~ -::t ~ ~ \j <:ll ~ ~ a en~ ..t::: v ...... ;::l .5 on K5 .~ 50 u~ :\J ~ <.t< "OCl ;::: en' CI:l V tJ bl) ...... ;::: ~ ~ H 0 ~u . C :r:: "0 rfJ CI:l~_ ...... "d 'n I=: ~ 0'\ .8 d ~ ...... I '-' f:! ;::: 10 15 's r-- v 0'" t-;- ~_ U 'n CI:lr-- 8 ...... r-- I .-:, ("i") ~ tJ r-- 'C:::: N gt:S~ ~-i~ -0 v . 'n:9~ -v...... < ~ Z '':::; Cl s 'E~ ;::l,.......; "d t\l Q) ...... ...t:l Il) &l 'S s::: 00 ~ "S 15~ CI:l ui rfJ ti ..... t\l .S :i3 ...... 0 co::l I-< c..a v 1.::; .g"O v '0 a _ O"O~ rfJ s::: 00 o t\l 0'\ a a::=- 2 ;::! 00 ~ ,.... 0'\ 71:0- v I I-<M ::l0\ ...... - ::l0'\ UM .s - rfJ~ 'r;; ~ U v ..s ~ ~ ~ -CIl~ ~~~ :Q~ u '-' ~. ;! ~'n cjJ.. ~f v:; 0..10 0\0 ON ~~ ~~ Q) . ::::..,~ 21./) 2 d' u 0 t\l en <.t<.g g :.E...... ]] .~ ~ ~": "dcl .~ o I-<~ ::l V ~~ Beo ~u a)~ ~u ~~ 0\ 'i::: - a , :::! ~k: 0\ - ...... V ~ ..t::: .~ ...... s S t\l o .~ <.t< ;::l ~ 0 ~ ~ I;) ...... 0:::>- .. d ~v u..s Q) - "d:.E ..t::: u ...... 0(3 o 0 ........t::: -0 u ~ en ~ o .- ~ "d 'C o ;::! c;:: I-< Q)- ~ g ...... \O~ ..... I=: C/J ~ 4-; 0_ >,0 1;)0'\ CO'\ ;::l~ U)r-- 10 I 'n 'n M N '~enc:4-; 1=:;::::: 0 o~c:i o 0)..-< .- U ...... rfJ ~ f:!0)1:: .E ~ t> ] C) u;>..a......& Cd 0 CI:l 00 ~ 0'\ I-< V en r:h B a'- p... ...... 00 0 ~ ~ ;::! S en Q) ..c., ~~~~8 i$ ~ .E '5 '5 "Ovu~ ~ .S v u ~- ..t:::;> M -E u '.;::l "0 U .~ I=: 'r;; ~ ~ ...... 0 ~ ~O) o.@"d CIlbl)'~OI=: ~ ~ 5 (3 CI:l t\l..t:::...... u ~ E u ~.- t\l ;..< ;> ;..< I-< ,.g Q) '.;::l ~ '7 o."d u t::::: F! .- CI:l .-::t ~~O'\I=:~ - E ' .S ~ voC/J...... gJ .E "S .~ .5 Ou 0""" 0) a I-<..t::: g] v .2 ''E 0'\ 0 ;>00;>, ^ '.;::l 'en C/J = _ .~ ~ ] "S ~ ~ il; :-8 ..t::: ,.g . 2 ::=- (,) ~ .";:: .";:: "0 .... :::: 0.. ~ i$ S5 ~ "0 ~ >: ...... ~~ S ;::l ~ dr-- ~~ :90 :.a~ u >=1 ...... - 00 0\ 0\ o CIl ~~ "0 'C o ;:::! c;:: .....; s;: <:ll C4 (:U I-< ~ r.8~ 00 H~ .g ~ ~ ~ 5~ ~~ 8~ v d ~ v v ~CJ o \;J ~,:.::;: E...Q o :::! ..oCl.., rn~ V 6 :g \U ..a ~ v <:ll gJj .... . "0 I=: ~.8 00 ~ CIl"d ~ 'C ;::: 0 ~ ;::! Oc;:: cl bl) 4-; I=: ~ .~ ]..8 S;:S ;::! I=: ~ ] :E ...... u .S .S - Q)rfJ'-' 00 h 10 t\l V ~ Q)..t::: I 1-<......\0 u 0 M .S S N $:j 1-<_ <l:; ~ G .....; I=: '_ '-' ;::! ....... ....... 0 C) - >, Cl.., -, H ::l o ...s:: ::j -.,; o U - '-' s:::_ or-- '';::; 0'\ Cd 0'\ "d _ 'i:: '-' O~ ::l~ r;:::cJ." tJN ~,.-i ?;~ <:ll s;: 't) :s \U ~ ":::: ~ ~ '" ~ 00 <:ll -Cl... - 'n 00 0'\ so .~ A.; ]i o 0 ;::!u c;:: I-< ui I;) V ~'"@ i$ E bl)0l} ;::: C ''-< ;::! ~ 0 'C :>, "dOl}. ......c:N' o S ~ I=: t\l - .S t\l '-' ~ s ~ 'u 8 \j S5 ~ ~ 00 Vl "-- t\l 0 & vB..... ..t::: Vl s;: ...... 0 (:U 8~S ~ 0) ~ I-.l S'C q V :\J .2: .~ .f' ~ ~ ~ v >, ii:: ~ ;::: ii:: 00 t\l C) o V U 0..... "dV>-r-< c..t::: ...... t\l ...... V .~ ~ ;> u ...... t\l o.,.g..o 2'c v 0) 0 S , ;:::!...... ec;::.....:l 0....... C'-. - O)OVO\ -ECIl:S~ 4-;......1-<_ OUo,-, C ~ =- 0'tC;::r-- ...... bl)' ~K5HN ;::: 'C ...... \0 '8 t\l ~ r-- ~ U 0 N cd .2.. ~ ;.<.;::;"@~ v~i$' ~ 00 ~ <.ss~ ~~.g~ 0'\ 00 ': Q~ ~If) >=100 c<::l0\ sE~ 4-<"<1" ON :::r::, 0\ Vl .- " .5 ~ ..!:: ~ U ...., ....- <::u ;3>-...l ,5 C; ~ ....- .~ .;g ~ c: ~~ UC/1 ~ ~ o ~ ...c (l) '"0 S c: (l) ;~ ""-"'0 6 a s >=1:I: .S 0 ~ CLi ::l (l) ~~ > c<::l (l)0-. ~ .Q ";j .~ '- ;::: o =:: Vl =:: 'c/) c3 e;; .....-; @o...; @ ~i ="8 (l) 0 -tPZ ..J:::: VJ u~ VJ OJ'$:; 3"'0 o a l-2~ c.8t.;::, (l)N Cf) h r- ~ (l) ......... a)...oN 1= h a) 0 .......; o ...... r"'l ~ ~ ::l 'c/) ~ :B~ "'Oc.8...... '$:; (l) ~ g 3 a (..r..'fC.....: ij) ~ o ...... ~ N'- Q L_____ ::r; p:: .s~ ;:: <1) ~ u W --< cj .8 ~~ c<::lr- ~~ - (/) "--' ~oo _ 0\ ~-+ , 00 ..... l-r- ';j (--. "'0.....; c~ c_ o~ (;j E u r~ ><'0",.; o .13 ~ u~ "'0 0 .~ 0 9 ."1 ,...o;:::l; -"'0 [..L, >=1 4-< c<::l ~ 0\ 0\ 0\ 3.... >=1 ~ ~Q <0.0 e;; .~ (/) ;::: I- =:: ~ =:: Bc3 "'0 ~o c~ o ~ ..... <1) ..... >=1 ~ .s ~ ~ I- <1) ~.a 1ii - <1) N~ - "--' aj~ "'00'1 'J:: 0'\ 00'1 ::l ~ - "--' o -~ <1) I >- ~("') ~~ o - 4-< o (l) "0 l- .......; o .~ ~ U)~ <1) 'a - u~ .......; o i:Q - - ~ >-i p:: "'c:f ~ o :::r:: U) ..... U) <1) ...c: ~ r.n >=1 ..... <1) ..... o I- o...~ 4-<0'\ ob; >=1- 0"--' '.c If) :.Ei2 ~~ ..... i2 ~("') 'C . o & .2~ ~ .... ob~ I'-_? ...... >=1 (l) ~ 0. <1) Q J2 "; 'i::: "l::i l:: ~~ ~O\ ~O'I <::U.- l:: "--' <::u\o ..t:):I: ~~ 'i::: ::r: o . ;::: U) ~.~ o ~ ~~ ...... c ;:. c<::l ~ S ::l ::r:::r: X "'0 ;a ~ ~.a o..~ o..c<::l ~~ N 4-< N 0 "'0 ur =:: ~ <1) ~ >=1....!;;: ~~u o ',g ...., ~ '3 ~~ U~'--i e;; U) u s--< .~ ~ ~ U) <1)~ :5 s > ..gE....s ...'" Ui.~ ..;...< >. "'0 '-' U) "'0 8~~ ...0 . C ?- >=10"'0 (l) ::l >=1 bO ~ c<::l o I -t~~ >...... p:: ~~.- >=14-<'2 20(l)~ ...... r.n >.- U)(1)Ooo ..c ;a ~ 0\ "'O.a-=::<~ EU)~oo ~.~ ~~ 0..0.1-"<1" X 0 (l) N <1) u:::::: >=1 U) ....... ("') ::lO~O ~~~~~ 0.. '0 ...dr.nQV':l ::::::: ~ r-.; tJJ 0.. o ~ ~ (1) ~ ~ aj "'0 'C o ::l t+:: .a u ::l S o o ...... ...... 00 (l)0'I bOO'I c- (l) I- _ :slN ..... . .a u U (l) bOQ c_ ::l ~ ~ E <1) ;::: s~ o ...., r/l ~ ~ ~c>5 '0 oj) >=1 a 00... ',g "-.: ':g r <1)~ I- ~;J ..... "'0 "'ON ~ ~ ~ 00 ...c: ~oo 1:::' bO 0'\ ::> a- o "--' 5b~ ~ (l) ~_ ..c: . , ......QO'I c"",,"<1" 0""'- ~ oj)~ 'C c o 0 ~ ::l C/1 ...... ~ U) 6 s~~ ::l.-........ ;a...go:l gE~ 4-< U) o 0 d' t>]~ ~<.E"'O ~ a a ~]~ I- o ~ .t:J Vl 'S 's "'0 --< ~ ...... Vl 'C/) Vl --< >.~ ~ '> fr........ Q~ I-<~ W (l) ., @ B c<::l:::::: ::r: ~ c<::l Vl u ::l uO:: (l) ...0 <1) 0:: S ~ t> ui ::l .~ ~ .E 2 0 o....c: I ...... >'::l ...0 c<::l 4-< t o ~ ~ ~ ::l 0 ...... 8~ 'C o ::l ~ 4-< o (l) 8 ::l o Vl ...... Vl o u ~ o .- (l) ~ :'=:"'0 Vl ..... (l) U ~c<::l("') 0'U'00 ..... 0'1 ...... Vl _ ~ "--' t t.~ 0 ::t:: ~.~ ("') ..3~~'5 o I-.. I- ::l c<::l ~c.8~;:E .....~ Coo ;::ioo CO'\ E~ ;::i c;;~ "2~ co_ ~. ("') c<::lr- z- E: ~ ....!;;: o ~ I-.. e ~ ;::: ~~ :s...., .~ lfJr/l .s ~ o ai ..J:::: 0.. o (/)...., o ...c: ui <1) 4-< .~ O(j) 8e;; ....... u ~ '€ ;::i 0 "'0 u o ...... ~ ~ . >=1 .~.~ ajOO VlOO c<::l0\ "CiN 'Q '"-;< 0"<1" 1-00 (1)0\ o..N u_ (1)0'1 g~ .E E: u <::u ~6 u "'OC; Ei:i5 :.E'--i ~...., '1' .....-" ~ ~ 'g ~ ::l ~ . 4-<....:J 0E--< ~ ~~r ......;:; u 0 e~ ...... Vl e;;~ tiC/1 Q Vl~ u"Ci . ]~~ E--<.g~ ~w~ ~ """ .- ~ = ~ ~ -= ~ ~ "Cl = - CJ = .- - o = '" ~ o "Cl ~ '" .- - ~ """ o -= '" - "':3 :a CJ ~~ '-' IO-i 00 ~ z~ o .C ~ 0 ~tS ~ = ~ 0 u ~ ~ """ r.:lS == ~ ~ ~ 0:5 lfJ ...... .~ ...... ~ U) :.Q'O (1) oS >=1 lfJ.S ~ I- ...... <1) c<::l ...... " c;3 '.p (1) VJ "'0 il) 'r' > o .S ;::i ~ il) ..c: ~ ...... '-0 E >=1 Q) '.0 rf) ~ ~ c ~:.=:2o J3'u ~ ~ .......~=N .~ ~ I- e <lJ ....... ~ E ~~ .......; >=1 0 :.g u c: .~ 'C ~ "Ci -; C ..... U ~r/l o ...... - c<::l I-< ...... C il) Vl U il) c: ..... o ro U :...., ..c: il) 1:: "Ci ....... . C ...0 0"'0 ::l <1) ~ VJ c<::l ..c: (1) t> :a-8SJ o..c: I -......0'1 (1)'~ S I-.. ;j"'ON oE"<1" c<::l....!;;: x 'u ~ ~ g ~ C'd ~ ~ ~ 'S (1) I-.. ~ , If) - 0'\ N \0 'd "; :E e ;::: .S ~ "'...; r/l ~ ~ on >=1 ~ "0 ~ VJ <1) ~ ~ -< ~, c<::l~ ~~ 0'1 --- """ 0'1 0'1 - "--' >=1"'0 .S c: ..... c<::l U ::l "8~ ~ ~... 8 0 .... 0 o I-.. il)~ "Ci 'g --< ~cjoi' (1) ~oo a.s ~ o - "--' ..0 ;>,...... ~~~ o If) ..s ~r- '8:I:?2 go::.....; "0 ~~ (l) >=1 ~....-I ~ 4-<-- o I-.. <::u Ul] E t> U 0 l1)~Cj 1:8 . l1) VJ E--< il) (l) r'\ .2: x ~ Ec.8"Q) o l-; c<::l ...... il) ..c: "Q);>u ~: .~ ....c:i.s u ...... "--' 4-< . o~ ~~ <1) . ';> ~ <1) ~ I-.. S c<::l.- ..c: 0 ........c: .~ ~ >.. "Ci VJ ::l 8 ~ ".0 u c<::l ....... bO C '.c <1) U) ..... <1) ~6 ...c: ....... , .- e;;~ .~ 5 lJ s u 'C c<::l & t=:' >=1 X ("') o <1) 0'1 <1)- .~ s:::: u 0 >=1 'Q Ul 0 0"Ci"Ci ~ ~ 8 .~ 4J 8 "'0 ~ 'C oR "Ci o f:! ;:i ::l E Vl ~ ~.~ <1) (1) S-B~ -\0 c<::lr- 'f) ~ .....; E~ a o u "0 (1) ...... c<::l >=1 's c-;l ...... >=1 o U (1) "'0 .C o ;::i ~ "'0 ~ c:~ ~~ 8;:E 4-< o >=1::r: .S ~ ...... u ::l "'0 2 --- >=1~ \0 ....... 00 ;::0'1 (1) - ~ "--' U"<1" =~o .,...;"1 ~ ]I~ .~.;:: d >=1 <1) <1) o...c: U) I-.. ...... >=1 ...c: <1) u"Ci"'" <1) >=1 "Ci ...c: c<::l ~ ...... (1) >."'0 ...0 'c -< "'00...., <1) ::l I-..~ Vl 4::: <1) ~ca~ u ~~r- ::l,.....-O'\ ~;; ~~ .S 0 ~ "--' u)VJ~\O .2 "'0 ~ \0 g >=1 >=1 "";' ....... c<::l g N _culf) (l)~c<::l- VJ ::l c<::l If) ~>=1~N ;> ..... 00 "Ci S .;:i ...... 0...2~~ o c<::l <1) :04-lS~ <1) ~ "'0 0"Ci ~ <1) >=1 I- ~ goc.8>.< "Ci'';::: Vl ~ >=1 c<::l >=1"'" '7 b 0 ~ >=1 VJ'.c ~ '><.13 ~ ~ o.~."""'" . E--< S 0.. ~ ."Ci S . >=1 c<::l....... ~ __ - 'I ...... - ~ E c3 ~ ~~ o o ~ "'0 a Vl~ .......; I- C ...g~ .- l3~ d-< <1) ......~ 8 >=1 o B ~ ~ ~......:l c<::l"O ~a I- ~ 0. . >=10 ....... ~ ...... <1) c-;l "'0 I- 'C 1:: 0r8 ::l ~ ~ 4-<"'" o I- ~ Vl ~ .tl -< cj ~ --- ~oo ...... 00 >=10'1 cI:l - s~ <1)\0 c;;~~ ...... ~ ("') ~....,\O I ~N c;;~~ a ..... If) <1) ~ ~ ~...c: ~ ~ u 6 -d~~ \0 N <::u "l::i 'i::: o ;::: k: o:l a)" .- ...... ...... 's. r/l il) "'0 'C o ::l ~ o ....- .- - ."'::: .~ ."'::: Vl C il) Vl I-.. il) ~ ("') 0'\ 0'1 - "--' l-M ur- - N ::(r.!.. \0 ON c;; u ...... o "0 ..... ro I-.. (1) ...... >=1 o ...... u ::l "'0 o I-.. il) l-; - ~ o ..J:::: u (1) il) l-; U <fJ o >=1 o U "'0 9 -' ~ 4-< o VJ - U ~ '- LLl aj Did you know...? · The Pinellas County Commissioners voted to fluoridate our drinking water? · The fluoridating agent, hydrofluorosilicic acid, is a toxic waste product of the phosphate fertilizer industry? Hel pK~~pOur ...I)~i nki ~!JY!~ter<!;afe: SAY. '~NO" TO.FLUORIDATION Join: For: On: From: At: Contact: Visit: CITIZENS FOR SAFE WATER Educational Meeting 4th Sat. of every month Apr. 24 May 22 June 26 10:00 am to 12 Noon Citizen Action Meeting 3rd Sat. of every month: Apr. 17 May 15 June 19 10:00 am to 12 Noon Clearwater East Library, 2251 Drew Street, Clearwater Virginia ~ 727-443-4737 www.aquasafe.us Please join us to help explore and implement strategies for reversing this decision to add industrial toxic waste to our drinking water in the name of "preventing tooth decay." Consider these facts about fluoride: "Fluoridation is the greatest case of scientific fraud of this century, if not all time." Dr. Robert Carton, a scientist who spent 20 years working for the US environmental Protection Agency "Fluoride is a carcinogen by any standard we use. I believe EPA should act immediately to protect the public, not just on the cancer data, but on the evidence of bone fractures, arthri- tis, mutagenicity and other effects." Dr. William Marcus, PhO, EPA Scientist, Food and Water Journal, Summer, 1998 "As a toxicologist involved in fluoride research for over ten years, I was stunned by the Calgary Regional Health Authority's glib comments proclaiming water fluoridation safe. The 'fifty years' of studies about fluoride safety do not exist. The 'ongoing' intensive research on fluorides and fluoridation,' does not exist, certainly none investigating safety." Dr. Phyllis Mullenix, PhO, Research Scientist, 1997 letter to Calgary Councillors Pd Pol. Adv. By Citizens for Safe Water, P.O. Box 758, Clearwater, FL 33757 Citizens for Safe Water Educational Meetings A four-hour 'presentation entitled Fluoridation: The Facts is presented in two '2-hour segments - part 1 one month and part 2 .the next - on a . rotating basis by Susan Stockton, chairman of the educational committee of Citizens for Safe Water. a political action committee in Pinellas County Florida. Both parts consist of a I-hour+ slide show. followed by a 1h hour videotaped interview with professional scientists and dentists who address the fluoridation issue from their unique perspectives. Dates of upcoming presentations are: DATES: 4th Saturday of every month Feb. 28th -'- part I Mar. 27th - part II April 24m -part I May 2200 - part IT June 26m - part I July 24m - part II Aug. 28m - part I Sept. 25m - part II Oct. 23rd. - part I m Nov. 27 - part IT Dec. - no class TIME & PLACE: Clearwater East hbrary. 2251 Drew St.. Clearwater. 10 a.m. to noon PLEASE NOTE: You may attend Part n without having attended part L ABOUT THE PRESENTA nON: l Part i1 covers properties of fluorine. fluoride complexes. fluoride and industry. toxicity of fluoride compounds. symptoins of fluoride poisonings, disorders associated with fluoride toxicity. at-risk populations and recommended books. (Part II J deals with nutritional concerns re: fluoride, fluoride's drug status. ethicalllegal issues, sources of fluoride. risks of overexposure. fluoridation in the US and elsewhere. fluoride filtration and recommended web sites. The facts presented in this presentation are well documented, with quotes from government sources. as well as mainstream dental and medical literature. These facts are critically important to Pinellas County residents who will be drinking and/or bathing in fluoridated water after June of this year unless the fluoridation decision is reversed. ABOUT THE PRESENTER: Susan Stockton, MA. is a recognized writer. researcher and teacher in the field of natural health and medicine. She has authored numerous articles on a variety of health-related topics. written and published several books of her own (Beyond Amalgam, The Terrain is Everything, Alcohol ADDiction and Attention Deficit Disorder, Dynamic Healing thro NeuroCranial Restructuring) and co-authored several others. including Renew Your Lift and Gut Solutions. Pd. Pol. Mi. By Cili2ens for Safe Waler, P.O. Box 758. CleaJwater, Fl33751 F' t ~c, C') w C> <( a.. c: , C I .::: I 'f'. ..., ""d ;::J -- v .~ ~ 0 ~ '" ..fj c: c: v "'- ""d ~ U ~ ""d v ~ .C 0 ~ 0... V Cf; '"' >-. '0 'VJ E ..c: v v >-. v ""d 0... ..., ~ u ::l .C:. 'f'. 0... c;::: 0... ..c: c ..E '0 ~ 0 V ..., 0 V 0... (Y ,... "'0 0 ~ '22 ~ .g; bJ) '"tj ~ u ~ ;< I-< ,2 ~ I-< ~ ........ v '"' ~ ::l 9 ~ ..., l-L< ~ l:: v 0 a.. 'J:J V ~ 5: V .C:. .C:. CJ) ] ~ 'J:J V ~ OD ::l \b ~ .::: ~ .... 'f'. "'0 :~ ~ r./) w V .B V ..0 C ~ c: > I-< .g; ..fj ~ ~ (oj ::l r./) (oj ..., V C V U rJ) c '> CJ) c: ~ ~ E c: ~ "'0 .Q ::l V 5 E ::l 9 ;.:) r./) "'0 c '1 c ~ OD V is -0 ~ ~ ..c: g OJ (oj @ bJ) u :g ~ (oj f:-< I-< ..., :a "'0 0... 'v r./) c: .8 e ~ ~ V ..c: c .9 ~ ~ u .<;:: ..., u ..., '-../ rJ) r./) ~ <.0 co en .. C G> .. C o U ('. ~ co (/) c o :.::; co '0 'C o :J ti:: (/) 0) '0 'C o :J . ti:: ('. ...... '0 om - '0 0)'0 >co 0) -0) moO .c= s'~ ...... o (/) .... 'i= Q) C Q) .0 0) .cc ....0 Q).- ~ ....... co co ....'0 co'C .cO s~ c o :.::; U :J "0 e ....... c .... v ::l ..c: o .... ..0 0 (oj ..., >-. v ~ rf) CJ) c: o 0 ..., 0... rf) rf) v .:.a I-< .... c: "'0 ..... c<j c: ..c: 0 ..... ~ ~ C 'ii.i "'0 0 .0 'C .~ V 0 Q) ~ tE & o ..... N ..... ('. (/) .... 'i= 0) C 0) .0 o .c S :: C'. J,., ~ ... ClI:I ~ ~ .c ... = .- ~ 'C .- J,., <:> = = e ~ .c ... fI.I !:'" '" c "'- o 0 u E I-< ~ g ~ E ~~ ~ g 8 U rJl .$ ~ V rJl ~ .S .::l ~ P-. .... ~~~~.orJl ::aJ 0. -0 :E ~ ~ .8 6:1 .EJ :;3 .!:l ~ ~ o...c:~;::J~rJl"'O r-- c<j ~ C -0 'C ~]-8c:~ o>e~"'O (3 'E .0 8 * 0 ~VV-rJlol.! V I:.. ,5 c<j a...;!l ~ lJ u::::: .... rJl.' . c:.... ~ .~ &5 :.s ~ 13 ..... "B I-< r./) c<j 0... . :!.l Q) <!).:l 8 .... .. ;;;~uev ~ .Qi3,",",~. ~ 3 v- ~ u;::J "":": o > c<j .. · ~ U ..... E a... ,.... rJl '-..7 <I'J I >-'Vl-<\.!...c:' V ~ ~ .5 ~ 8 0 ~ ~ OD > ~ u 'VJ :g c<j .~ C:o ~ c<j .~ 0 "'- a.. U ';:l .EJ S ~ ~ E 0 9 ~ 0 4:: (oj~~vvug .~ ~ b.:g ] ~ 5 o 0 0 I-< ~ 'VJ ~ ..... ..., ~ ~ 0 ...., ;3 ~ c4:: 0 u u ..c: --v c: ~ >-. V ~ UI-<....::lI-<..fjV ,....:.,euo.:o,2 r() E.C:.zu-g"'O:5-S2 t.R""~CJ)...,C~\D v;.;la..(oj~~~N xr-' ........-5vv~ C)t'"""~--v ~~w v c'jC:~::lCJ)-B'J; -.s' u ...... $.-.; 'Jj ~ .Cf4" v CJ) .8 c<j ........ u "'0 CJ) v v .... OD .~ c<j .... a.. ~ ODVl c: ..d ...., ..... CJ) ~ fil lJoc: 0...::::: ~ 0... ,0 v ~ ~ -5 a:; -B Vl ~ c: g ~ ...... c: ::::l Pu ~ C'0 ..... c o :.::; co '0 'C o :J ti:: 0) :J C :.::; C o U "0 = 0) ('. .c"O(/) u ._ .... >,.....c EgO) "Oti::E - 0>0) :Jco.. 0.- 0.. .c'::':::J U)!9(/) .~ .... ('. co....... .c(/) s8 ~ ..... l.O ..... l.O ..... <.0 ..... co ..... en ..... ~ o o N or"'. t'- N t- '; t'- 5 ~ ~:~. .-.6 ~ '" ,"" , '-~ ~ ~ r:. "1 Ii' ~" t'- r:. f'-- C N ~ :sa t--- = 5 "S 1::_' ~ ~ i: ~ ~ "" '0 = c ;.I 5 gf ~ . ~ ,. l= ::; et r./) .. .~ ~ et ~ ...... = Q e '': ~ ~ :: ~ ~ 'oJ ... .. .~ '"" , o ~ 4:: OD c: 'C I-< 8 .;!l ~ .~ ~ ~ I-< ~ ..., (oj c: "'0 V "'0 V V c: .... c: ~ o E CIl ::; V .C:. -5 ..c: E il) .... I V c: o >-. c: o V "'0 'C 0) :J"O $2 cco 0"0 u'c .~g : E ti:: : co.c . ...... :'= ('-. >'~O) E 0> en "O.~ ~ "S.c.c o(/)....... .c:JO U)~o .0....... ..... .E ~ co (/) 0) ('-. 12(/) ..... ....... 00) :Jo.. ti::>, (/)E V ~-5 ~ .;!l "'0 ..c: .... o o .... (oj .!:l ~ ~ ] ~ I0l .... ~ V ~ ~ -B 'C: a: .8 g ~ ~ c;::: C'\ c: rf) 1000c ~ ~ ~ g u ..c: I-< >-. u V c: .:E ~ o ~ ~ I-< .~ ~ ........ V I!:l .... '"'"' C 0 V >-. > .... ~ U 0... V o ..c: .... f:-< bS 8 ~ 8 ~ ~ ::::l V .8 0... .S ..... 0) ....... co ~ (/) 1::: ('. o C 0..0 0.. . - :J.... (/){5 O'C .cO s~ 0) ..... 0..... E2 .......co :J ~ 0....... "O:J cO .-.0 . ......co - ('. c c c co 0 0 u:+:::.::; 0) ro co .....E'O 0) '- ~ ~ .coo s......:J c- .- ...... (f) 0) ....... o C "0 C W g ~ '"' :r.... ~ ;.I " ...- :: :; ~ .... ~ ? \",I ~ &~ ~ .;; x ~ ~ .::: IJ)Q'J':. ... :t :: .s :: 1. ~ :E J ~ ~ .~ ..... .,.. u ~ ~ ..... Q ;;} ~ ~ ~ .t! ..... "'" '..l ~ ~ ;: a ="&~I~'i'S ~~ 5 8si ~~~ ~~ i~~~~t~1~1 f= ~j ~~tf~r I~ lis ~ J ~1-r: fl ~ E S ~ S ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s ~ '..c: OD.... v .- CJ) ~ ~ ~ .B-5 ~ 0 ~;... v U </) V I-< c: c: ~ ..@ ~ .9 'c:CJ) u u .... o V I0l ';BE8 ~ ::J S ~ c: u ~ .!:l .9 0... ?5 ~ t;) Q) ~ .rJ v ..c: >-. c: ;::; ..., :a .~ ~v '0 OD CJ) ~ v....c:ou ..c: I-< v .... V 0 u .8 E ..fj 5 a:; ::J "€~ ~15 "'- ..., QJ .8 ~ ~ 5 ~ ';j ~ ~ 8 ~~ u ...., .2.. v >-...c: I0l ..., E '0 ~ : .....- 0 , >-.o...>-'r./) E ~ ~ ::c .9d o 8 .... ..... .::: u ~ rJl ~ ::l ..c: CJ) ..., rf)o....o::J .:.a >-. v 0... C ..., 1-<- '0 "'0 c: v c: c: ;::; ~ 0 0 0 ~ .... r() U oODorJl ..c: c: '-... ..::g .~~. v V '-... .8 I-< 0 0... ~ ...... V .8 ..c: ..c: .~ b/J ~ ~ ~ r-, u 2 ~ ..c: ~ .... ........ ..., I0l B:l g; ~ ]2 ~ 0 /j 0 I0l .;!a :;\j .... v ~ I-< "'0 ~ <2 v ::l v .2: ..c: I!:l 'c;j 2 @ c: ..D 0... .:.c . ~ ::l o CJ) "m :;\j ..c: 0... N w C> < a.. ~ 1~~'J)V~ 'J) ~ 1 r-~ UU 1 ~^,= 1 S:! .~ .2 iil i3~ ...c: '::::1 r' (',f ti ::;; ~ ~ V C C u ~ \:: ~ C ,..) .t:: - _r' ' ..... b "P""'" C";l 0 1: 'Z r' C";l ~ V ~ 'J) U ...... ~ C ~ U 'r-< '-'- r-, C' C '"'0 U Qj"P . ' a....D r' ~ V " ...... ..c .....'" -::: 0 ..c 12 (!) U ,.... V C ~ or; .-; "P 0 0 V ~oV,..) 'J) N,.........~ O",v~CJJ-,.... u f) '<:t' ~. - CJJ or; Co ~ .S:! .,..., ~ .9 C";l ...... V ~ t-' ::l '!2 C .~ 5 25 g ~ -d ~ :Ji 'p C '6 ~ ' ~ '"'0 tJ .s.s ~ C ~ :-. v N N 0 0 C ::;: d ~ 0 ~ 8 ';::1 0 -< C C ~ ...... .~ cS ::l ...... U ~ ~ ~:. v g 'J) V 'p 9 t-=< ,....,... ~ ;;-; Q [1 '" ~ "CJ Q) 'J) c...c: ~, N ~ or; ~ ..... C:..... ..... v 'oU' ~ ';::\ -" ..c ...c: .Q^, Q) :~u:: ~ o:l "v :r~:t2 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ '" w 8 ~ ij'; ;::: C ' . ..........;..... u 'p '"'d :~ C -u ~ 0 '9" ..c Q) 'J) U '0 -0 0 V 5...c: v 5 9 ~ -:=:\ (!) cJ 'C ~ t::; 0 ~ r<: cIj be " ~ v '"'=' .v) ...c: u t:: 8 v q::j ~. 75 v V v cIj C ~ :.stJ u 0 5 8"" U U .,~CJJ ~ cIj S 'C .~ ~ g va c: -8 ~ C 0 .9 ~ ;[ ~~z v..... ruu.....~oO.s ~0~'J; '~N ..c '"'0 . c1j.s::l -;;- V 'J) ~ a....c u C 'I1...c::: c;l ~ V 8 po '" . [C]u.....oo~...c:.s~~cIjVO~ ~i3.s~~.....c ~ .... '"3 ~ C U 0 ~ "'-< ~ ~g., )!4 .s ~ .....0 ~ .9 a~ ~ 0 B ~ .9 'J)oco~v~~ ~~ bu-",....'^- ,....., ~~ .s .- 0 is 0 ~ c oS ;;, "1" 8 (!) B ..... u 13 C";l..b ~: ~ V~v~CJJ~- a.. 0 ,....beV~ ::lV"JvS&5 ..... ~ u >.. C";l..... ;; O...c: .!::l ;:; [) .\:: ,5 .s ~ .~ u ~ t) N -b t).!l c1j...c: ~ '<t' ';:1 ~ U > c..;:; It) w C> <( Q.. ~ ,!.. V 32 ~ .,1 ] .'= 'J) v U ~ ~ J:2 6 <h 6 <5 C -d :, .~ .; ~ s .~ liS ~ "2 ~ ~ ~:g.g ~ 8 ~ .'s ~ ~ '8 E 13 ~ 'r:l::l j:S ~ 13 :8 -< cIj 0 ~'" 0 :r; ~ . .t::- ~ S O'J) cIj ..... 0 "t:lOu-iS::l'~...c:v.......::l~...... <+-~O~N-O"'" .9 "'-<~c~va..~~80~~~ ouuc~cIju,,-,-~ " 0 po C'd ~ ...... cIj v....c::: w .- ... v 0 ...... ._ v ~ ~tJ~~~~~<5~~g~~C";l~E~~~~~] ~ .~.~v ~BV8...c:~V~~~~~::l~~~iS6 OJ;) >..co... v .s -0~(l)~0 'Po""a......... , v 'J)::l~~v~..... I c~2.....~::l~CuuO"cIj~~ ~ ~'J;Il)"PO"tQv v- .....~u '!JcIj U::l ~u v ........ ........ <+- 0.. 4-..l:; ;> 'J) v - ~ <2 ';:1 c::; C"i;l 8 v ~ :r; /'""'. .;!; ~ ~[)]0~~.g~08~.~5BcIj~>]C";l.scljQ)~~~ ~ .... 'r:l T -n c ...... Ii,) v ::l ,Z C";l --g Of.; ~ ;;; V"Ju .........' ~ v C";l..... v O~..c "'-< ~wc....."J V C t' u...c: C5 .8 ~ ~ 'C v C U cIj 0 is r-o. [J"J ...... cIj is '-' v e- o. ..c. ~ .15 @ v ;;::I ~ ~ J2 .9 ~.c ~ '-' g fd ~ .... Q) v ::l ~ ~~C";l~5~~8v~..cu~~~~0~::l~ta.. ~ $;: ~ ~ 0 -' .d..... ^' ...... ""\ ... U I - . ~::::: - 0 ~," ._ . ......C..D ...c:17S0u"" [j}-' 0\- ~0,..J 'J; ! ~ g ~ .~ JJ sE ~ g ~ ~ .~ ~ .5 ~ ~ .~ ~ -o~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o 000' cc ;;,o...c:o>-,cC""'"'O UC";lOV"J u 0.. u u '0 Q) 0 is G U ~ 'C ..c ._ c.\:: '1i)'\:: V"J U U ~~~]~%.5~~~8%~~@~8~~ ~~~JJ~5~~8~~JJ ~ -5 ::l ~ 1:) ~ tS '" .s '.:::J 0 po ('() s:: ~ 2a r' .B ~ C v 75 +: 0 ~ ._ . i3 Q) '2 ~ ~ =6 Q 9 c u ~ d 8 ~ 5 ~ .;g l'~ ~ .g ~ .s ] gf ~ ~ ~ .!' ? t) ~ ~ ~ 0 v '::: ..........::; ~...... 8: 0 ''::; .s <..::. -.:J 0 i""': C";l l:: ~"P ~ I po,..J ~::l"P "P C'd u Co cIj o::l cIj Co v 1;5 ] '" ..... ;!:-' .:a ~~ ~ ~ c ~ u v ...c:~ v Of.; U ~ "- iJ) ,... ...... ~, ...:-< C ~ 0 v Ii,) ..CJJ ~ C o'~::l 9), ....... ~ .V) ~ is .v C 5 ~ v [ @ u 0 v Sl V'p 8 c' ~ ~ ~ B ~ ~ ~.~ 11 ~ g ~ 'J; ~ .s ~ 8.'~ '"3 .9 v ~ i3 ~v i3 9 .g ] ~ ~ -2 ~ v:B a1 .s ~ 8 0 ~ ~ ..... 8 If' ~ ~ V ~ 8 ~ ~ ~ $2 ~'8 ~u;a ~ ~ ~a S t5 3 :2~ ..s .S ;; v v 0 :.0 .9 "'-< ""; NO J:2~'S ...... .s .~ ~ I'-< 0 Ell ~ ....; o::l c tQ O. 0 VJ V ~ C U ~ .r' ~ 0 -5 c V"J C :r;"2 ~ ~ ~ ~ ...... U ~ .~ C'd:O t) Co u cIj U ~ 0 'p - _ ~~ .~ ..... c...c::: v aJ C C 0 :>-. C .~. ~ t:::: 0 ::3 ~ Ii,) 0.. t:: i;1 ::l ...... V ~ OJ'E .... C Cij v ~ 0 0 ~ :sa:g 5 '$ ~ ~ ,:;::: . 8 -B bI"\ C ~ 0 ~ E ~ ~ ~ .~ .s ~ Q) C";l ~ JJ ~ u ~ :> 8 C";l ~ Q U ,....., 'J; 5 0 s::l C ~~.g .~ ~ cIj 8 -""0 ~ en ~ ~ ~ ~ .... () ~ '.p :9 0 ~ Of.;:S .... q::j ;a "'-<0 ~. CJJ ~.....; t: .Q ~ .v) ~ OJ q Ji1 .... 8 80 u -b 0 [ c v- ~ Cij v ~ C .S C";l d ~..... - ~ a"p (:".; - oU 8 ~ "8 v ~ C";l ]E]~~~~o""'~~il~~~~~~~~~s~~l~~gc.~~!~ C'd .s E-- 00 u:: U >- <-8.s 8 ~ c ::::; 8. c ~.g ~ ~.8 .B 8 [) -0 a.s .~ ~ [j fil c "=t w ~ Q.. ~]~~~~~B[~~~J~!~~~~~]i~L]~~~~]t .~ I 9 .~. ~ 6 ~ o. ~..D ; .a i3 ~ -5 ~ 0. C e c ...c::: o::l_~ ~ C ~~ ~ v ~ < C () ~ ~ 'C Q) v ~ 'Cij .s 0 v "P ~ V 0.."P ~ ~ .~ ~ ~ Co ~ :Q ~ .0 .8::l g ~ 13 s g be ~ u .t @ ~ v ~ cIj ~ ;>..OC'iOl:<bll j:Suve a:........Su~tQ C~C";l~>- 1.10 N ~ U ~ ~ t1 a.. C";l "c C r' 0.. ~ 0 0 ~ '"3 .t:: v -B C";l.s 'V 0 .;a 8 ~ cIj b"P' .Q. o' f3 f-< ~ "P ~ . - "" COo - ~ 0.. I .\:: C u .s 0.. ~cco~~v '~~::l~82~~..bov C..D~Q)c I~ ~ ..... B 8.::a ii5 8 ""8 o.....c: .~ ~ :E ] c ""@ \O-.s ~ .g ~ ........ g. 0 ~ ~ 'iilJot~; i]!~' j f I!] .~ij J ij i! ~ j! [Il ~ ~ ~ fttl1t i J j t ~ i j ~ Ij i I ~ i i! ji ~ i ~J j f ~ ... c: ::s o U en co - - Q) r::: 0- 0.. r::: o Q. :::) en ~ <<J Q) c: U) r::: o ;So <<J "'0 Oi: o ::s - u. ,6 ;a v o 0 ~ ::l 'E C a: ~ v Q) u ] ~ c :r; C";l C':l ~ ~~...c C,,-., {j ~ c x u ~ ~ -6 ~ .~::9 U ~p ~ "2 u ~ C (ij .~ c ~ .- ."" ,.., '-"n cr: w :;i 0 U - i!) r::: ;:i i!) i!) ~ ~..... - i-" i!)...... ,. -0 "'\:l U 0 ;x; ~ Cl > W@~ W ~ d ~ - ,..., r::: c: C';j 0 <=l .... ';=: '"@ .2 c9 t ,.: 8 .2 ~ ~ti~~ ~~~ ~~ .~ ~ 3 ~ -2 B.~ .9 . [;:; ~ U U ~ 8 ~ :r:. J...., -0 -0 U ::E ~~1t'~ ~g:f- '" i:5:?: U ...., i!) ..... . ~ ...., rJJ i!);>-' :>-. dJ ~ ;>-':r:. ..c: ~ ~ ;;2 ~ ~.8 ~ ~~"'(9 ~~~ ~ 0"" ~ ~:g ~ {J .9 a '2 ~ ~ .~. -5 i!) 0 ~ ~ ~ P M - "" to- 0- ~ fD ~ t:) 0 ~ =:1 ~ g5 'J'; Q) ~ u V CJ ~ J::...... -- ,..... i3 v ~ ~ ~ '-';:: ~ ~ -p. :!:~ ~o~o", ~~~ ~ ~ffi 2...c: Q 'C .~ ~ .Sd c: - a:i U a'-' r -0 0 ~ JJ ~ V \JJ "J) ~ w en ~ ~ UJ tn ffi ..,,,......, I"". ~ .-J V ......,,, >< 0 ~ M =:l ____ ~ '> t"" c: V ~ V ~~ o",CDOZ f5~~ ~~~~~ ~ ~ tz::: E,.2 6- 0 u i:; ~ -0 r-, ~ .::: ~ 0 V C .2"'0 u:C ~~ ~~g~~ 3U~ 0 v-, a: c;::: .5 S ~ '0 Q) ..... ~ .=t ~.~ ~ 0..> ~ U c ., .;:;; ;:< c: v 0 ....u B:;(96(9Z <L.~iil <L~~~g 0 C:;:i u -0 ~~. c: U ~ i!).... '";:j i!) ....- ..... ~ ...... ~..c: ..... ~;;;! B; 8 Vi 5 8 ~:;; oc ffi >- ~ "':r: ..... ~...... i!) i-S ~ 0 9 ~;::: >-. U ~ -O'~ u ~.i'; a i!) CD c... ::z:.~ ~~00z~ ~~;:o ~~~u!zw~o~ "2.... >< -5 ~J) CD::: 0...) ~ v...c: c: tz::: c: ~ ci3 x.""-I ;:i -0 c: - @:3 ..""z<{:;{ ;:=ttV5 G: > =' E C';j v ,..,' c:..... u ..... CD"'" i!) i!) ~ ..... .......(s-.:r:. 'c...... ~ "'''- ~U:E:r:-' ~~~ co~~~~ >.../-5 'J) .:::: -O'C i!) ...; C';j C';j -0 v.....', i!) .~ e ~ 5 Q --g .9 ~~ ~~b~~ 0:;;0 i="'6I0(5 "JJ i!) V -0 ~ 6J.fJ ~ '8 '2 a ~ .~ .~ :€ 3 ~ E u ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~ ~ '0 -g ~ ~ ~.~ ~ ~ .g ~ ~ rJJ "2 ~ i!) 5 ~ ~ ~ 8 gCD1:: 00:;: ~~~~g !z::;i/i ~Z~~Q .~ ~ 51.a..... ::: ~f~.9 i!)..g ;>-. O? 5 C';j -0 ~ '0 ..,..., ", ....... i!) <{ -O"'CD.... 0"" ""ucr.... _ ~ ~ ;:1 = ~ ,., c: -' i!)...... ...... ..... i!) ~ cr, o --., ~ -:;::: ..c: w Z-'ii5oUJ u:5:'~ ~~ii503 ." 'J) ~..c: c: ~ .' ...... :::: c... c: or 0 C ~ ...., 1:: ~ , J G rJ) ;;! ~ Q (9 w -' 0 '" x - 0 Z >- Z 0 'P. 'C U ;:i ,.., rJ) rJ) ...., -. '"' -0 - ~'C c: i!) ~ v ~ v a ~ "2 ~~ gi8~~ ~ffig ~-~~UJ ~ ~ 'g rJ) ~ 5 ~ -5 a E-J2 .q'c 8 -u 'C ~ ~ ....,. ..c:;:i ~ C';j - 0 0 <{ v> ffi >0 8 '! :5 QQ...... i!) c: ..... 0 '...., rJ)"5 cr, c: c ~ 0 ~ ...; cr, ~ c: ,- c: ~ CIa: ~ ""ii?cr:UJ .... . Z UJo.. ...) ~ U .0 ;>-.-5 ~ -0 ~ C';j;:i 9;:J...... ;:; -.:l ...... ;.:::: .fJ 0 -0 C'l:E o~Oa: ii2 ~ui~~ ~fiJ~ ~ ~8 tz::: ~ <:"\j C i!) ...... ;:i'0 ...... 'J) E v u ;:i tz::: cr, "9 ..c: .... 'C ~ rJJ C';j (5 t; w ~ ~ (5 ~ ffl ~ ~ ct: ~ 0 ':; Z ~:E U w ~ ~ R ;:i -5 i:$ c... C';j i!) 5b c: i=l i!) 0... cr"JJ i!) i!) C';j ~ .C';ju- o\-' ';:; ~ ~~;!5g ~~~~ ~ lrlg[(5 ~~~ ffii3 ~ 9d ~"O -:- 1;i 0 U ~ ~ .g .:;:: ~ ......~.;:; "E @ ~ ~ ....-1 ~ Z~:E(J a::: .u... 0.. <:t:w >wo::: ::r: ~ 1. ,- cJj ~. \ ...., ~.- ..,? v *.......-l ~ ~ u c ~ \JJ '" (") ..c: ....... 0'" III"" - "'ii Ir cr:m .... 0 ~...... i!) 8 <;;; "' .~ j.;> ';:1 -0 -0 U 0 :\l c...;:i X cr, i!) 12 iJJ '"0 E-< 0 u a. 0 c... \-, ,~ ..::::: - ..... i:: c: i!) '..... 'c ,.., 0 0 ~ .....;i -5 ~ ~ 'O:.c ..... (j:=: '-/ C';j N ~..o '(j) ;:i i!) 0 .!::: 'C rfJ ~ ::: u i!) i!) " C';j. i!) 6'.!.. b()-o vi!)....... cr,~ I ....,~ rfJ I rfJ.... i!) ...., a z r:. i!) c: ~ ~ ~ 0 0 v U ro.c i!)..c:...) > v .~ 8 ~ ,Sd 5..Q c: 3<l.8 c: C';j .> ? .Q) 5 .2 c..g -c: 5 ~ C';j r-< ~ ~ ...... If\ 8.. i!) t5.8 '0.. cr, c... t:: 6- C';j ~ 6' jg 'c 6 ~ '"0 .~ -a a "Cij v e C';j ~ .E ~ ~ u c: '0 ~ 0 a n oS z €r; 0 ..... r:. ~ 'o..s ;:i i!) i!) 3.8 ~ cr, a 6 ~ i!) Q ~ ~ 5 ~] g ~ 56 a1 .~ E=8 Q) ~ ~ .~.~ P: ~ .~ ~ 8 ~ c: ~ ~ ~:9 ~'2 ~ e :5"@ '5 ~ - 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 5 c ~ 8 ~ C';j 0 '~-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -g ~ ~ ~ .~ 'g -8 ~ ~ ~ >< 2 ~ 5 aU S dJ ~ 5 ..c:~~ g~ .9 ~ ~ 5 cIS C5 U 1 i!) ;::l ,- -5 U ~ .~ 'E.~ C';j )5 , ~ ~ ~ 0::: i!) 'J) c: ~ .c ..D f-< 0 -O::J 0 -5 .c <...:.. [j U v .~ ;>-. c: 0 d >-. rfJ ~ tz::: ~ .~ ~ 'S c: 0 ~ ~ bb ..~ ~ cf!:I.l c:~ ::: 'J) i!) c: ~ ~ cE ~ ~ 'V' ...., 0 vi" 13 ~ ~ ~ 8 -a ~ a c .0 '0 ;:i .c 2 P bpS U.c -.:l "i!) C';j.fJ 0 ~ ~ CD 0 c: cr, ~ --0 0 U -0 -0 i!) > 2 -5 i!) ..... ~...... 0 (';l ;::I ._ .g.' ~& ~ 13'tJ.a ~ rJJ- E-< "2 --g a ~ -a'~ t:: ~..c:;@ .~ ;:; C';j (/) 8 'C a .~ ~ ~ fj 2 "JJ'~ ~ g .!::: ~ ~ -5 ~ ~ :u .c ....... ~ ~ U c: .9d "'. 9 C';j "' i!) UO u~ -.:l ~ c::O Ou.c ::c .;::: Q ..... i!) -0 .....;.:::: c... t P..9 c;::: i!) i!) c: 1) Co ...., :J) .l;:.i 0 ~ 8 -......,~ rJJ .... ...., ""';;. c: ...., C';j .E:l C t-< "0 .-' 0 r./) ~ ........... 0.-5 i!) - -5 ..... ro.c i!) o ~: .s ~ ~ 'g .~ ~- ~ :s ~ .~ 8 ~ 2 .~ ~ -5 ~ ~~ ~o' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :g 15 ~ 08 ~ a :Ooe:: 6] ,s ~ -5 ~~ ~ Q) 1:;) c... c: .... ...... rJ) ~ \-, )~........ c... '-... .......D...., ..... ....... i!) rT' "'0 ..... w .... -:;::: > ...... i!) "{ 'fJ -0 ;:i ? i!) .- .... ;>-. ~ c: ;:; .~ t:: ~ 0 i!)........... 0 ;:i U 0.............. ~ .c ...... c: ';(' ~ i!) O.c ;:i C';j ;::l > ~ .""' cr, 0 i!) (f) ~ trJ S ~.~ co ~ N "'0 ~ i$ +-I .fj:S .2.. 0::: 0':':::.- 0.::: ~ ::c ~ .~ ~ :r: c u ~ ..c: ~.~:r; 5 ~ c ~ .~ I"- UJ C> <( a. ch a .!..6 ..!.. ~ 8 C: ~ .~ ~.-e.c ~ -a ~~. g ~ ~ ~ ;:i ~ ~ ~ 5. ~"2 .9 a3 c... rJJ ~ c... -,~ E e 'r:: i!) . 8.. cf] 1) ~ 6 dJ ] ~ ~ g g ~.~ g i!) i!).fJ P.fJ -5 ..0 ~..; 5 tz::: c;::: :Ii i!) U 8.fJ o~ rfJ- 0 ~ 0 u P 9 .~ ~ c- O .... '"0 -.:l i!).fJ ;:i --a - C';j ..... ~'2 c: c: rJ)._' cr c: ;>.."0 0. ~ :p '> 5 C';j i!) bb ~ C;.:::: o..c: ~ c... rfJ ;:i ~.:-o ~s i!) 5JJ ~'g~;:i ~ 3 5J ""'.....rJ)~rJJ...!:j rJJ_V'\rfJ....."O.... i!) C';j. i!) +:l' C';j - N...... i!) \-, ~ -5 x Oli.::: -5 i!) ~ 0 :5 ...., ~ C';j ~ ':::i!)C';j Oli Pc... ~~N v~:Oi!)~g.BrfJ ]...c:Pjg8 ~ c: 8-5 2-o~ 5"2 ~ ~8. C';j ~ ~ aC';j ;:i 8 ~ c: g '"0 ~. .~...... 9 ~ c... C;:::.9 u C'l <.t:: ~ i!) -5 ~ '~'rJ) ~ F: ,:!a .~ ~ ~"2 l3 ~ g:.a:g 5':':: i!) f~ ~ .~ .@ .~ ~-] ~ 8 -0 ""~ gf--g ~ a ~ u 5' ~ irg G; fi' 9 ~ 15:2 ~ ~ Clt, ~ s.g ~ aO~~f)~~0...2bOi!)p~E-<C';j~....~~~ i!)0 ..... U 0="'0"'.- c...~~-::: i!)"-' C:-O'"O ~' g ~ i!) .~ ~ '12 ;:i'il<'e:: ;>-..E:l i!) -0 l'~ i!) .~ .". ..g.o c: ~ S I'-< c... ""@ . v _ 0 tz::: ~ o.a 5 tJ 9 ~.c v ~ C';j C';j C';j 0::: ,;:i i!) rfJ rJ) ~ ~ .s ~ ~ ~ ~ 9 8 ~'dJ ? -5 S ~ ~ 'g :~ ~ - ~ ~] ~ -5 ;::l~o~.......~~~C';j~R~ogc~a-o.E;:ic... ..c:rJ) f,I:;;.::l ~ i:: S -.:l ;:J. rJ)"E @ .:::l <.t: c'='< ~ C';j c.......... 8 >- C';j ::: rJJ i!)~.;:i~ c:~~.~ E o-8..g~~:: is ~-a ~ ~ o !:I.l ~ -0 V \:j ...., \-, ..... 'oJ..c: U CD...c: -0 v~~~~~5~~=~0"'5S ~~ }, e::V ~ ;S~...c:C';j_c:~~pP 'o~~ ;>-.~ O ('doC:...t'''fifJr1 ......'-/,..,Ui!)~::J .....i2u IUD C';j;>-' " ,c:; rJ)""' ..-. ......... u -::::= i!) v............ i!) - ;:i - ~_ ~'i:;'~ l3 6 =:..D ~ 8 ~'12 ;:i 8. ~ ~ F 5 2 c...12 5 '@ 1.~ j,l.[,~~ c: c..."2 i!) -a e B "0 \,../.c ~ f ~ ';::1-5 ~ .;:; U Q) ~ ~ . .QT3""r'1 c... Qa~ i!) 0 dJ ~ ~~ ~ c: C';j ~ rJ) c... U .~ ::0 . cr,-o"eti:~""".fJ;:i-5u OC';j c:......:::~ ~-.2l v'O ~ \-, ~ c:, = 0..... ..c: .~ ~ .~ ~ t:: ~ c... ~ ~ <<~U~E~~.dlhh~l~~n~ ~';;;!'~1;!;'.; ~l~ (0 UJ ~ 0. 'JJ"'::':: bJ) c: .1. V :u . 'JJ .,.!.. c: >-. J[J >-.:U I I :u.... ~'J)c::uV:u.... -....:u=~='J) C:::i8~ .'JJ 'C .:Q ~ ~ ~ ] ~ [j g; ~ c: ~ ~ ~ c: '"'..c ~ 13 .c: ~ ~ !:= 0... c5 'JJ ~ ~ ~ ~ fj 8. 5 ~:- ~ ~~~~~~.~] ]~1~~~~ ~]~v :U~C:'J)"""',,0... >~'J) o....:u wvVv ...c: <..I-; .- .... :u .... 0 :J) ~ V 10< o...c: 0 >- >--.- ~ov8>E.s ~~~~~c:o ....~~~ ] c ~ ~] 8 .~ J:2 c: ~ 0 ~ v v ...c: w v ~v~ 'J):J) -~::iV~vc: ~v~_ o 8 ~ Q) ..c 13 .~ 8 rp, bJ).p...c: ~ ~ ~ > () v V'r-' &:e 'J) .... C :::l 0. ~ ~ ~ c: ~...c: 0 ~ c: V 0 U ~ ~ :u :r: ~ ~ lo-< ">...@ 'J) f-; ~ ~ Q) .... ~ ~...c: ~ ~o ~ v v Q) .~. bJJ ...... .;:J:J) 'J).~ ~ '"J........ v, V) >;;; s 'J) >-. ...c: .;-< w c;::: - c: 'J) 0... c: '0 0 0 '8 ..d ~ ~ Q) .... 8V)V~()v= V~V_Vd~~~~.sc: ~ .- -5 .~ 8 0 ~...c: ~ w ~ .- - v .- r< 0 o v ~ '""' 'J) w .... '""' Q) .~ v v 0 _ ...c: .:::1 :::l~~~86C: v~B.s~~~jc:~~v~ ~ -5~ 5> 0 '0 .~ g ~ ~ .~ a ~ } c:o~ SV .g 8 ;3 ~ ~ +-> V"J ':l CC: ~ ~<..I-;w C'i Vw C'i o.o~ ~ . c: Q:j ~ ~ 'C :u 0 v 0 ~ ~ ';:j "'-' .~ v:O c: ~ ~-8 :U>~ooQ)~ v....V)~~o~~c~~[jv v v V) ~ '~...c: bJ) .\:: c: .~ 0 0... c: ~ woo ~ v Q) .... - 0 s~ ~ .... V) 0 :u .- dOO"'......O:::l....::.-'I '-E< :::l ;....... v 8 ~.- I ...c: I Q) I 'J) I c: 'J) .' I I . ~ V 'J) 0.0 ~ v v -::i S c: .~ .:::1 .- V C;:::'2 5J :u 0 O~~o... ~~v~e~~~Oo~~R5[j:uc:c:uv-~C;:::~:::l~c~V~bJ)oo...~~ ~ .g ~ ~ ~ ~ -5:g ~ 0...:5 ~ ,5 ~ ~ 13- ~ ~ v ~ B .g;:g ~ ~ 2' ~ 0 a ~ ~:~ a v ~ ~ 8 ~ ~ ~ g~~d~[j]g]()~~]'O[~]~~~..c'~~~o...OlO<o...~o~~o-8~~.iv~~~...c:[j~ - v....:::lv oc;:::............ ~~v.... 'JJ-5u o..v 8 U Vv c: 'J) >- 0'-" U lo-< -'.... bJ)bJ)O v ~ ~ '6 B ~ (j ~ -B bb"8 ~ .~ -8 v 8 '6 - '6 'J) ~ 8 ~ .-: ~ 0 ~ 8 ~ v] ~ ~ ~ ~.9 ~ v '5 ~ ~ 8 6 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'fi :~ ~_ ~ ] '8 ~ .... c@ ~ ~ 8 .~ ~ '0 ~ ~'8 8 -D ~ -5_ -8 tl.O ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 a cE .~ .~ o .~ ~ 8 d ~ . v en ~ ...c: ~ :::l v C.~ ~ '0 ~ c:"8 $}. .E -a 15 ~ 'p .~ O:'C 8.s 8 ::i V) ~ B ~ ~ ~ .... -0 'p ~ 0 ~ c v :u .... U . c;::: ~ v >-. lo-< ..c.9 ~ u v V ';:j .s "? ;;> 0\ 0 \0 ~ "1' [j S c: ';:j 'g ~ 6 '8 ~ ~ .~ ~ V ~:g ~ ~ ~ .8 ~ ~ -g V ~ S.2 ~ -5:g ~ ~ tJ 6 ~ ~ c@ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 E::iO~:U'J)~0...~v.s813~=""~~~~~co>-~~C8~~~]~0~v:u~uc:~ v c;::: 0... :u v ~ V V) 'J) Q) .- ::i _ :u g.... O:::l 0... - ::i .... ~ w v...c: ........ ~ :::l .... V ;a...c: ~ :u .- V ] E E ~ '@ J:2 :u ~~ [~ ~ c;::: g ~ El ~ 6' ~ u _ ,~ :r: ~ ~ v -B .~ .~ ~.s tl.O 'J) tl.O 13 ~ E 8 ~ ~.c: c: u v .;:; 0 13 -5 .!:::l u :0 v .S..c ~ :> 8 8 V .S .~ > ~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ;;>...c: cE v 8 S 8 ~ S ~ ~ :::l:B . -~~*~~~~~~~ib[j~~Q)v"€~~~*~~].s~~~*~]~~~<~~~~ 8. 0... ~ .8 'C ~ ~ ..c 4:: ~.:2 gp ~ 'c.s ~ ~ <i v ~ ~..c ri 0:; S 8 ~ .v) 8 ,....; :::l ~.9 ~ ] 8 ~ ~ CD " I- I. o ::s - LI. ~. "--a o ~ --a CD-a ~c( -I ~ ......a ca_ .c: ~~ o tn ::: I :j,J ... ::: I v; 0 I '" "'" ~ C";l '- OJ:; ~ 0 ~ C";l ..... E ..... '- E -' -:"0 -' :... ~ ::: C/O '-' :... .- ...... ~ -::J ::; C";l ::: ::; '-' C) ;::: C) :... > E - ...... C) '"0 ~ .- ~ - <:..; ;;- C) :"0 C";l 0... :... ~ n3 - v C) ...... "'" :... :... .... .- - C'j ::: C) 0 ::: .... :':l c.i -' U > :':l 0- ::: ...... ~f) (l.) E ~ '-' C) .... <':l > .S E if: ~ C C ... ~ '"0 >. ...... ::: 0 ~ ...... ::: - (1) ...... :... ...:.<: 0.. - '- "'" ::: :... :':l (l.) C) ...... ::: '-' ::; ~ ~ 0 4-< ~ ..c 2 - '-' -' - ...... :':l - - ::;, ::: '" :.J ~ ...... ..... - .- '-' gf l1") :;;.. ..... r-' '"0 ~ C .... ...... .s::: 4- u N ...- C/O S ,..; .-+:; ~ - :r; (":l 0 ..... u v; ::: ::: - ~ 0 0 :... I ',. '..-, ::: >. 0.. '"0 '" 0 ." ." '"0 (l.) .- l1") ,-. c ..... 0- t '-' 0 >. - r-' ." U ::: v ... ., 0 ::: C.i ";:: ::: ... ':;:; - '- ~ ..... 0 0.. ~ -' ~ '-' 0 ::: .- CO (l.) ~ cc 2 ....... 0.. '"0 C ... (l.) - 0- .... Z 0... 0 '--' 2: "'" u 0 ... ..c "-' ~ 0) w Cl <( a.. ~ .:: ~ .s 6. "2 ~ ...c:- -B ~ C.S ~ ~ ...... 0 ~ .... 0 .... v '0 :u 'C Q) .... ..... .- 0...8 ':0 c:' ~ "o.o.g ,~ q ~ 9 :: 5 go ~ ">.. ...c:!.c "-' - ,..J ~.- I ~ ~"p ..... 0 ('() V 13 ~ :..., .~ = ...c: tJ :~ .8 ~ ~ ~ 00 8 ~ .dj ~ ~ ~ v~o..,.... .sC:~vtt:: 10< CE: 0 'J) ...... lo-< .v) 0 V Q) :u ~ ,0 V .... Vi ~ V V ~ ...... .... ~.~ - aU <r:; S c: ';;; :u C'i.2 .;::: .~ C'i ._ V ~. _ c v.'':;. ...... ~.c: 0 u..c .~ V S v..a ~ b g; ~ ~ f-< ...c: .~ :J) g; ~ c: Q,] lo-<.fl .;;: 0 :u ~. ~ 8 :g -0 i;j>~o v~~o s 53 s 5~ g ~ 0 ~ * 8 ! ~.s () B ~..a 'g ~ o...c: U 0 -. C'i 0 'J)"1'= 0 ~ .~'5 'g ~ 'E ~ .~ ~ .a ci -5 ~ ~ o v 8 .s .e ~ 0> e v .~ ~ v '0 > i ~ ~ ~ ~ 'c..c 0 ~ ~ ;, ] 'J) ~ ~vc:vo~::i...c:IO<;;>"-F<tJ.... , I r< C .... N V) I :u "0 ' ~ dl I G -5 0 c: .... Q) c;::: -z. 0..9 'C:: Q) Q) ~~~~9~""';~~-5c:E~~~~8>-~~~.sv~cE'J)8~~ .9 ~ .8 ] ~ g ] .;;; -5 a ~ ~ gl~ C> B ~ ~ ~ z ~ :S ~ [ ~ j ~ .E ~.:2 -.....' ' ? 'J) ........c: ~ u~ c: (J1 ~ ~...,. 'p c .~ ~ I'-- 0 ~ 0 = c: V ~...c: ~ V ,-.. .... .- .... .... 0 ~ ,:::I i!J ""'" :.0 'ti+...... "" ~ > ~ -...c::u > t: .... ~ :g ~ .9 J5 8 ~ ex:) c: :B a.t:: ~ .g~. c:.f: V .8 ..... .8 .s .~ ~ ~ 0 ~ c: V a; o ~ :::1 ~ c;::: ~ 0 v v :n 0... U 8' 0 v.s ~ .- 'J) 0 ::i ;,; '8 i!J lo-< .... c: [j c: ~ >- (lJ 0 U V .~ U C tt .... !":'""'! .- .~.8 ._ v . _ 0 ..c l:< <.::. -.. ~ ..... '^ Q) 0 "- ~ U ~ ~J ~ V ~ U V I ~ - .... c: ~, v ....-- ..;.. v ~ Q) ~ ~ c.r ~ 0... ~ P"2 :>..s .~ ~ 8 .9 "~ 'J) S ~ .~{ -g 8 ~ ~ C .~ ~ 8 ';;; ..e 'c &5 8 ~ ~ c;::: ~ tJ .c v ill .~ (Ii ~ () ~ ~ 1S ... ..c C .v) 0 a.8 On ~ 'o1il '2 c: ~ ~ ~ :::l 0 .....J;:lb.::i:;.~v:uevscc:~"'" Ov v:uc:.... (.) Sc ~ -.....' OJ: ;;>.s bJ)'u o.':j 'en'c!' 0 ~ U U c: Q) (j '0 ~ ~. 0 8 ..1'"! 'J) c: ,- .... ....... 0 ('\:::l ....,J::; v ';:j v c "'~..R B~~El;;~~~l:<v ~u.c:V ~'J)c~ U. ..f>.i 8l ~ 0\ . v <i --- ~ ~ 8. c: .Q - 8 f-< S .~ C ~ ~ ...c: v - :; ~ 'J) ~ ..c v v il) ~ ~ 0 ". V) 'J) v "0 '1il ~ ...... IX! u..c ~'1:j ~ 5 "2 c v -6 \j' 5 ~ v 8 v 'C ,] v CD p 0 2: c:. ~ 1$ ~ ~ v .~ ~ ~ ~ ~V) v 0.0.9 " ~ '5 .u ~ .c E~~~~~[]~~5~~[j~~~ ~~13~ I- J2 v u.s J3 -B 0... ~ ~ ~ .8 .8 ~ cE ijl .~ 8 ..9 .s ~ 8 GO w Cl <( a.. Q) ':::c VlU I I ~VlIN t:: -....Q)o. .5 -g .9'r> < S ~ ~.a :: .~ "'Qj ~ _~.2 ~ ~ U .... ~ Vl............... -:::...c b.O '1j 0...... 0 [;J ,9) :€ ~ U ~ t:: 0 Vl ~ 0 0.. ~ ~ 0 0\ Vl U ~ ~~8::: -~~~o..a=~~~~~~_. v '1j Vl ~ I-. ~ a .- Q) ~ ,.Q Vl U ,.Q .::: _ U '8--5 ..... "' ~..c: ~...... Q) v v 'Vl ;::: -.C ~ '8 Q) ...... '2 -:::,,, ~ o ~ ~ ~ .~ 0 -g :-g 'C t:: ~ ~ 0 Vl ,.Q .::: >:< V'-J-o ~ .8 ~ .~ 8 :a ~ 51 g ~ Cl 0 ~ K:Q ~ ~ .~ "2 ;::l ~ 8 E;<,. U t:: C ~r=:;:g..ca ~ 0 g ~ ~v Vl o Vl b.O U Vl ......- ;::l ~ Q)""'0..c: Q) .~ v .... > ..... 0 J,I ~u;::l a ~ s ;::l ~ ~ 0 u::: u.... Vl V p 0 v ~ c..... - ~ Q) U .\: Q) bO I-. ~ 8 ~ ~ .~ ::: ..5- '\:0 ~ Q)~r:l~~~:::Q)~a~o..o..s~c::: w :> 'b.O'1j) 0 v Vl 0 8...c If\ '1:'0 a ;::l I-. 8 0 ~ .~ C@ ~ .;;: ~ Vl a Q) -~.- -< L... Q) Q) I-. './:l - 0.. M 0 ~I-.Q) ~,.Q~Q)~~"""u~vQ)~oos~ ~:S ~ .~] ] 'g -5 ~ ~ ~ ~ z .~ ;:g E ~.~ ~ ~ 8 '1j ~ 9 ~ Vl..s 'C ~ v .S ] ~ ~ g UO '2 ..9 ~ ...... I:: .~ ci:: U ~ 'S: o...c Q) v 0 ...... b.O r=: ~ [;J .::l ~~~.... Q)~p;::l""~V"""~Q) Q)a>~ ;::l C 1<< I:: C ...... - Q) r=: Q) v .- Q) "" -........ Vl 'C ~ <;:l ..,..... ~ ...... ~ .- 8 ~ C b.O 0 'C 2" '1j ~ .~ 0 ~ 0.."'" ~ o b.O QJ ;::; ~ 0.. 5 ;.::: .S a g ;; 'co! 1-.0 ~ .~ .~ ~ :9 I-. :::.a './:l 8 ~ Cl .S ~ b.O r=: ..c: ;::l ~ ti tt:: Cl I:: aJ t3 0.. 'fl ~8 Q) c'- Vl- b I:: ........ ...... r=: 0... 0 Q) I-. 0 _ ~ o ...... ...c >:< 0 ~ Q) Vl Z 0 6' ~ '0 '1j Vl 0 './:l,.Q Vl ~o...UVlQ);::lU:::~_o...z ~ ~""""u8~ v 15 .8 0 I-. c;:: 'C;'::: 0.. b ;::l < 5 ~ I-. Vl":: 0... - o .... Vl U ~ ...... Q) ~ I-. Vl U S I:: ~ ~ 0 Q) 8 ,.Q I:: '1j) ~ .2 8 '5 ~ ~ Q) ;;;. b.O I-. ] .i:1 E 8 -5 ~ ~ 'Ofj 8 ~ ] ...... < b.O _ 0... 8 i3b.8 ;::l .... I:: Q) Vl 1-.- t:: ~ I:: 0 U ~ 8 Q) ~ ~ 8........ ~ ~ K ~ ~ U '2 Q) 0 Vl :.E ~ Q) 8 '@..c: Q) I:: 0 0........ U .... 'C 2' Q) ~ ~ ~ Q);::l-~Vlu~:::;':::~EO~~o~~~o~~ ~Vlr:ld~Q)~V~VlQ)~I-...s;::lVl~Q) ~ ~ I:: 0 './:l ..c: 0\ Q) ...... 0 [;J ~ 0... Vl c;:: ...... d 8 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '5 ] ~ ~ ~ 51 ti '5 ~ 8 ~ ~ ~ .g _Vl ~. .~ v Q)"""" ~ v .... :-;:::: .- -Vl 0 Q) I-. Q) C .F; ~ ~ ~ 0 - v b 1-.- Vl I-. Vl U V 0" Q)........ 8 >:< - U v....... '1-. OJ) Q) ~ ._ ..... 0...!::1 'C .... Q) !::l Vl ........ ._ 'C b.O'./:l 0~~Q)~~<~""-Q)~1::.~-5-~0;::l~ ;::l 0 0.. tt:; ~,.Q ..c: ~ ..c: . - 0... ;::l g;.::: ~u~o~ ~~~~~8~f-<~ ~r=:~o... en .. 1- .... CD C CD m C\. CD g .e 1- ..... ca CD" a.. I- ce ~ .. ::s ca- .eLl. ~'O G) ,... - ,... Co) - .... ~ I - VJ ::; C) ::; .~ c:: 3 rJ:. E ~ .... '- C) '- .~ .... E ~ '01) :"j 0 u '- E t;:: i:: i:: :;) ,... g ~'J1 .~ C :;) ... .- ....c: (3 ~ .- \/:' (j,l i:: ;>-) .... '"0 eo (j,l '';:; ~ ~ u ::.: ::.J ....c: .... tfJ C) ro ~ ~ >--.. - ,... - '-' :g ....c: c +-' U ..0 ~ >. ....c: '-' (':l .... c.. ~ +-' ..''; .;::; ::.J i:: C 0.. ,... C C) 0 0 E ~ C) tfJ i:: ;:l ::.J 0 rJ; ~ ~ !;:: - .... ~ E if; C) ~ .... C) ~ .... ;.. C) C) E :J '- i:: .- 0 C) ,... tfJ .... '- :> (j,l c ..... .... .... ::; ~ c ~ C 0.. u 0 '- .... .s:: .- -~ c;; 0.. ..... u u ~ ...... ::.J ~ C ~ C,.) ~ '- C) ...... ....c: C) ~ C,) ~ (.) '- '- ...... '- "'0 ::.J :-Q '- r- e r- ~ ":5 C,) '01) C) - .... '- ..... r..r; C) i:: 6 - >- ..... ~ c 8 ~ - ~ a.; ..... ..... ..2:; ;:l c;; 0': '"0 '- ~ Q) tfJ co - E ClJ :.i .... 'G:; ::.J C ::.J - 4: i:: r- '- if; ..... u 0.. ....c: > c 'x ~ >< ::: ltl~ o e :g E co ~ ~ is Q) .s::. m ~ O Q) tn '- tn ~ .s::..... m m Q) ~ Q) ~ c: E > t:: :> >+:i Q) .... .s::. 0 0 .s cU m a; ~ c: .... Q) ~.... 0 .s::. ._ m ~ 0 Q) c: c: ~ 0 Q) ~ ~ .s::. Q) c: _ Q) Q) .... tn > ~ Co.s::. Q) m m .S; .- () Q) co Q)... .- ~ c: L 0 m ~ .s::.:: e' (,!) E .~ ~ co 0 Q) tn .... Q) Q) -c g Q) :j :a .... "'0 +:i tn ~.~ .; U Q) C) ~ :S_OQ)OJJJJ~:>c:~ c:: - E~-s:!~"'OQ).Q ~ m Co ~ -g 0 VI _ _ c: "'0 ._ ~ ~ '- 0 Q) s.. tn '- .- _ .> - ':0- m 0 .... Co.- ~ 0 '" "'0 ... ....Utn _Otn ...Q)c: g c: tn .- co 0 0 ~ - ~ Q) co ~ co Q) > .c: ;;:: tn JJ OCU Q) ~ _ C') ().... . ;; CU m 0 ~ ~o;.a;Q)tngc:~.s .... U Q) .- ~ "'0 .- C') ~ ~ .... Q) ~ ~ 0 Q) 0 :j .- m C') ~ .s::. .::: ~ tn = .s::. C" c: .s::. .- -....--c:-....Q)Q) c: ~ .... C') tn 0 .s::. Q) c: Q) :t:: Q) :: o.(i):S c: ~ E :j JJ ~ "'0 ..-- ..-- w Cl <( a.. I I I ~..... Vl >- I........ I Q) ~ ',.!........ U o..Q)"2';' >-,.Q ;::l 0 I:: I-. ~ ~........ <~~o~.ssl:: a~;::l~~ :-gi3b'~ ~Vl....Q)]~~ S'"""'~I::V 0.ss8 ...... '1j O..c: 0 :Q 0 ~ ~ O..s ;::l (3 0... ~Q)of-<~~.~ U ..c:~o r=:u_ .~ ~ ~ ~ c;il tj v..s Vl ~ 0 ..........c: ~ U :> 0 Q) :>- ~...... Q) Vl a; ~.... 0 .~ ~ ........ 0 .... 8 0.::: ~ Vl I-. Q) I-. .... > ....U out:: .- N './:l v ~ ~ ;(1 ~ "3>> Q) .~ ;::l ~ .....; .f3 ~ 'C - v l:: bh Vl Vl 2 u'1jo;.:::~.c.\ 0:QQ)1::~ ~~~ I:: 0 c - ,.., ;::l.......... _ ....... Q) ~ >:<~Q)O"" r=:..c:~0~ ~=ol-. I-. ~ ~ Q) .... ;::l c- U '1j ._ U ...... I-. ~ > Q) -.C ~ r=: ~ 0 I-. 'C 1-...... .... Q) .@" v p 8 ~ 5 ~ .... Q) 0 Q) ~ Q) ~ 8 0... ~ 1-...... ~...... ..... 0... ;::l 8 >:< ..c:.- 0"'~~Q)8..so ~Vlr=:<~ ~J,IVl ~ I:: V 6 I-. .... U ::: ~ Q) ~ ~ Q).~ -~ ]~..sVl~~~ ]~8~~ 8o~ ....Vlo...t::l:':l....V ....;::l(J)~..c:;\l ~;::l,.Q ~15~[~~~ ~~~~805~~ ~~15~~5~~@~~~cij~~i~ ~8~~~~~~~ t:: B .... ~ U ..0 'V Q) v Q) 'C ..., ~ v ;::l Q) Vl 8 ~.... 0 c oc..s 0 ~ I:: ~ b.O ~ I-. .S V Q) I::.c: $ tt:: 0 o..c: I:: 0 :> .-.e U va"" .... .- Q) ~ t:: cS I:: v V ~ Q) t-< :.0 ~ ;::l .... U Q) U .S:/ ....- 0... ~ Q) ~ b.O.8 b.O 0 OJ) ...... Q) U ,.Q ~ v c;:: V (J) 1-...,..... u,.Q........ v ~ Vl..,..... c-! t:: f"\ ~ '0 ~ {l --: .1:: ..a ~ Q)...... 8 I:: .... Q) t:::Q v t:: ;::l 0 .5 ~ '=tl v .~ ~ '2 0::::: ,.., ,.,., v .:.t:l 'C r"' I-. f .- ~ .... Q) .- .... ~ 0 r--, >- ~ ':3 ..s ;.::: ~ Q) 0 UO ...~.- ~ ~ v ~ 0 .::l V. "2 v ..s g d3 -5 ~ Vl -g ~ v v "5 0 ::: ~..c: Q),... ........ 1-...0 ~ v ;::l ~ ~ Cii ~ .... ~ <l:; v 'C ~ I:: I:: ~ I-. 0 V >> '5b..c: N. ......~ 'if ~ -g ~ ~ ~ ~ ];::l ~ 0 I-. Q) 0 'C I-<"' ~ ~, ;::l ~ ~ ~ -t3] ::: ~ SVl ~ ~1 ~ '8 ~ ~ g ~ Q s ] .g] ~ ~.a ~ ~ g R [~ ~ .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '3 '2 . I:: ~ ,.Q U V Q) .... ~ >-..c: .... v .: 'C I:: ~ JS 0... ~ \D U .... .... ~ ::: 0' ~ CJ Q) 8;::lJ,l I:: as ~ ~ B::: 8 g g..s b.O~ ~~o~ ~;::l'1j ~ >-...c:: m Vlv~OV ~S~Q)~~I-.VlE~V~~I-...c:,.Q:-;::::...c::::::u U. ~ ~~ ~ ~ .E ~ b.O I:: ] 9 :: _ '[J .~ ';::l .0 ~ ~"2 ~ .~ '1j- -5 ~ 2 8 o . .'~ . ~ ..... ..... '0 I:: ~ Vl M I::..s U,.Q R 8 - 0 ..c: ..c: ~ t::] U b.O G) ~. .... ~ "6.... .~..:l - @ .- Vl ~ Cf...... 5 B 2 '><1 Q) .~ '0 .c.a ~ .... ~ I:: .c p.s ~ fi ~-'8 .@ ~ ~ 0... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ [~ .~ ~ ~ '8 ~ ~ .~ .@ I- 5 ~ .~ ~ ~ 8 '5.g ~ ~ ~ .g 8 8 ~:.a <..s ~ '2..s:5 ~ ~ .g ~ o ..-- w Cl ~ (\. .. en o U c o - .- - .. .- ca ~-a .- .. ~ ca 0 .c ~ ~u:: G ('. en .. .- ... Ci) c Ci) ra o .c ~ o () 13 5a orh..~ ,s ~ ,s ~ 3 .~ ~ 'V OJ ~ .(/)_,<;:: VJC "0"''''' ~ ob/J....o .~ .- ~ ~ Q) ..c ~ "0 o...~. "0 u ~ u C VJ 0) .... 4-< .~ ~ 'J) 2:: :JJ -,... - 'C 0 0 'J) ~ .... .<;:: ~ ~ ..r:: ~ ~ VJ 'J) 0 .'u ~ t:: OJ) q::-< 0.. cu':;:: ._ ~ ~ .... c ..9:/)~~>4-<~ ~'"". Q) .-. '""-'..r:: ~ c ..r:: ~ >:/)""o...~'~~ ....,...~cO).~:/)'J)O~ , 0'.... ~- ~-"c: ........ 0' "' .... ~, .- ,... .... "" q; "" .- "' .- c _ u 0) ~ ~ ~ 0 _.... .~ 0 ~ v c .. "" Q) 1:;," ~ ""..... ..r:: ..r:: ,,, ..r:: 0 ~-5 ... S 0) '""-' g t) ~ 0.. 0..; ~..r::o.. ~ u .D "0 ....- ~ 0.. ~ 0) "" . VJ . I:; .;::: 0) 0 ~"::i C;:J -5 V ~ .S 0 &5 ~ "0 .jg :-::l vi -:;-5....;:s~I:;4-< c>s..r::~a;c-tJ~i$ Pc~~O)~o ~i$O)co..o~~'J):/)o .~-. .- v ~ [) v 0) C 0 "0 8 .s..c v ~ ~ [~ 'J) 0) '0 ~ :,. ..r:: oVJ .Q,... co...... q v 0.. ~ ..... VJ Ovo~P....r!........ v_~ ....o..~ .. ~ .,.... .~ \..) O......;:J ~ ~ ~ .... 0) .~ ..c '0.. 0) iJ ....~~NO) I c.... I I ~v...J_~~v ..._...~VJO"" c..r::_ 0i -0 8 rn.r .& v ;;l 0i u 0 ::l 0 ... w ...... C ~ 0) - 0) .... ~ rn 4-< ... I::.; b/J '" '-" ;.;., ;:J ...... ~ ~ ~ q::.2 ~ ~ .) ~ 0- "0 ~ 0.. 0 :/). ,I.. 0 v )U :l C 0) 0 :/)..... ~ >-..... ... ~ . _ 4-< 0 ~........ -... .- 4-< 0..'- - v 0) (;:j u 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ 2:: ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ..c S 4-< C q;] .~ 4-< ~ 0 0 ~ &5 >- OJ) ~ ~ \:.. U n ~ ';:J :l <lJ L- 0 ~ ;:::; :d Q) C .- r! .<;::: Q) 0 0) u.:.e VJ 0 ~ 0.. -5 ~ ~ ~ ~ 1f [ 0 ~ ~ ~ ;:; ~"ill B 6:g 0) ..c :g ::: .~ ~ c ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ;?P D )U 0) OJ C 0) ~ ~ ... :/)........ .- 0) u t:: ~ 0) 0 0) 0) C .... ..... C ~ .... .D - 0) .!::: ~ 0 :9 U "0 ~ ~ "'~ (;:j ~ "0 C ~ "t:3 ~ ..r:: .....:.::: > 0 ~ ~ 0 ? ';:J ~ ~ 3 .s ~ ~..~ Q ~ ~ 5 ] ..a "5 "2 ~ ~ '0 .~.~. 0 8 '2 .~ .~ ~ ~ '8 8 ~ C t: .s ~ . >-::::: ~ 8 v.D N ,... 6 o...g ~ ~ C c5 t:j ~ VJ .S ~ 0 c dJ gr '''u ~" ~ \;l "0 t:. ... S ;:;:; ;.;., c.'2 ~ i3 ~ c 2:: :-::l ';j 0 --< 0":':::":'::: -:=l 0 .... 'd ~ ~ u~"5~~~O~~Ob/J~u:/)~u]'~:l 8~~~~t)~su\;l ~ ~ ....~ B ~ ~ .~. 8:~';j 0 0)0i ~ c: ';:J .... "0 cc .... -ca- ":j ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ ~ u ~...t::il:; ....:;::: u"O _ ,-..--;::: 0) U 'J).... p...<J.JO O'J)"O~C: CII v......r::O)oc ~ .!::: ';:J ....a 0 "0 0 P Gi III 0) 0 .... C c: ~ Ed.- 0) ~ .... U ~ ......c v ~ .- "0 "0 0) ':l 0.. ~ -5:g '" "0 "0 .- 6 th ~ ~'-"'i"'" _ .... ~.Q 8 ~ [~ ~..~ cE ~ g 5 ~ S ~ E 5 u'i,~{iKi'~; .~ j~ t t t ~~ I tn m 0 ~ ...... Q) ~ ...... ...... I-< ...... Q) 0 0 0 "t:l ~ 0 0) 0 Q) E ..... ...... .;:: 0) 0) 0.. ~ m .;: o '';: m I-< bIJ ~ c:<:l ~ ~ c:<:l 0 0 m I-< c:<:l m Q) -- 0'"0 (.) ;:l :.2 ;:l ... ...... ... ca ...... o ..... 4::f-< (.) Q) ~ (.) :::::> C")I-< <;; > Q) "t:l .S - -Y7o ;:l M ;..; c:<:l (.) ~ 0 ;:l ~ ~ ~ 0 c:<:l 0) >, ...... G: :.a ...... ...... ~ C\l ...... ...... 0 ~ c:<:l ~ c:<:l M I-<~ c:<:l ~ ...... Q) c:<:l '"C ~ c:<:l I-< l1! ;:I m...c ~ c:<:l bIJ rJi >, (1) I-< o 0 ...... ......- >,0) c:<:l ... ~ "t:l m 0) 53 ~ :J u (.) ...... 0'- 0) 0 ...... c:<:l (.) ...c ,<-<~,..o (.) c:<:l 0.. ~ .c ;:l ...... ~ I-< S m I-< .~ 0..... 0 bIJ ... c:<:l U m 0) ...... o I-< m ~ ..... Q) c:<:l ...... rJJ 0"0,.0 ..... >:: E Q) 0 - c:<:l ~ E ...... 0 I-< ~ .5 0 Q) ~ Q) c:<:l c:<:l I-< 0 'S ... (.) ..... L{),.c: I-< o..ii ~ ..... m M ...... 0) 0' en ..... m 0 >,M 0 0) 0.. 0..;:1 0) p.. 0) ...... m-Y7 ...... ,..0 0 c:<:l (.) I-< tn ...., (.) to U. CU J: I-- tn I ~ c; (1) S C.i C rJJ (lJ ;;.... ~ 0 OJ: C ... ...c c:<:l ::..J ,..0 E (lJ '-' 0... ..... ;:l ,.0 ..... ~ U 0... >, "t:l c:<:l ..... if: .c~ [f) ,.., CJ if: ,..0 (.) ..... .- . u .- co ::.J (lJ ca ~ ~ -' ...c ;:l 05 g c ;:l ..... 0 "0 ..... ..... - f/) "0 ~ .- C) "0 "0 0 :- 0) C.i 4- (lJ > ill C - -' 0 E t;:: 0) '"0 :- w ..... ~. ~ u ~ c: ..... - c ..... ~ c: ;;-.. ~ E Q) ~ CJ 0 .-- ,..0 6< 0 ..... c:; bf; ~ '+- ..... U '+- ~ 0 :>. :J u :;- 0 :> 0 ~ c ,.0 ~ ~ c; '-0 ~ C) Q) ..... ..... ~ if: ..... "0 rz .c ... E if: ;,;;.-. C - CJ) c; l(") ~ .-:: ... ..... ~ .-- .- M U ..... c ~ .. '-' ~ ~ ill U '" C Q) ~ (.) <t: E .- .... -' ;:l ..... ...c ...c >-. ~ ,..0 "0 -;: :n '-' ,.., 0 C 0 ::.J ..... C.i ..... b.G u u E ,.., '"' ~ en ...c ...... 2: c ...... ...c E c C.i t-; (lJ .- 0 -< c ~ u ..... c: .~ ~ ~..c;:d: 6-6"0 6 6~ ~()O ~ ~ ~ "5 ~ 0) :l ~ ~ f5 c t: s S;J" c .S .e 'Q,/ g. "0 "0 '0 C ~ "0 r' 0.. ......., 0 :/) J" '~ 0.. V ..r:: ~ ~ 0 3:i x S .- 'l:* 0' .<;:: v CUr! "0 0<"., "0 C (;:j ~ S ~ &5 -5 ~ CO .2 c ~ ~ 8 ~ ~ 8. '8 .st ] ~ ~ .a'~ ~ 6 ~ ~ :6 ~ ~ 8. c@ I i::l il) C 0 C b/J~ 0 ~ 0 u t:lJ) Q) 4-< ~~. ~.g [.~ E '> ~ ~ 0. ~ ~ -5 € ~ It j ~~ gf~~. :E~-5 8'~ B-~~ ;.::: :/) '(=1 "0 2!J..... o:.a il) t:j '0 0 '€ ~ 's 's .E g &5 i$ ~ :u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ ~ -5 8. ci % ~ g 8~ ~a. .8 ~ U -Sb .8 1:; .~ ~ (;:j ~ cc'o ~O)o:l&?"038~ c~ ~ is 2. g ...; 0<". S "0 '><1 \:: I=< '::l O~' ..~ -t:l C/) cO)O) 0 ~ :Eb/J 8- ~.' . <;:: - '."./ :/) ..9 > .... ... ~ 0.. .~ ~elj~r~~ ~ nJ~~~ u -s ~:::f';fI) '0 VJ ~ @;GO)Sd''''''5.VJ:g cu ~ .ffB ~ .~ ~ ~ .g -5 6 8..c ] ~E:::; u..>-. :/) 'E e ,<;:: 5 ~ ... t) :J) cc E .... or .0)_ -" 0 u " 0) ~ 0 ~ , :J -' - . .....r-<N :J).,,^,J;~:/):. ...~ , ~ ~ ~ 8 ,('.":j \;l U "" ~ I: ~ I--~ U i." if] ~ ~ ~ ~ .s ~ ~ ' ,~ ..... ;:J ~ ~ ~ 5 .5 ~ .~ cS ] ~ M UJ C> <I: a.. 6 o <.t: ..:.::: VJ 'C 8 v ...c: 'J) c: Q) .~ .... .... ('II u ..... ... w 0 C> '2 <I: V a.. 'J) '-'-- 0 c .9 ..... ~ .... c v U c C U 0) eo ~ :-::l ,{:.. ~ il) ..r:: .... .... ~ :/) 'i:: 0) "0 .~ 0) ~ c C :l o U :/) ~ V .5 0... , 'v~ o 'C ~ btJ t:l 0 - ::l .8 ::l -B 0 ~ c::: 'c C Vl C 0 v """" ..,.....: .-0 I'J) <.;:: btJ ~ .- v C ~ ~ QJ 'S;: 'v v ~;..:::..s~ Vl :!J ~ ::i' 2:l Q. jg ~. "Ci VlO"P'-D:::::I C':$ V j:: I-< ~ o..o..;a:!Ju .fi >. ~ "2 :::: g..co::la ~&s~CVl ]2~.a~ ~8~]] :g 'C':$ 5S u 0 C':$ ~ u ,6 V ~..r -0 0 Of;; >. ~ .:Q i:i =.'0 ::l..c CiS C ::l C':$ c..c :!J ~~]~~1; ~i~~a 0." ::l a :!J ~ 2 ~ ~ ~ -0 "Po .fi~Cl;lC':$~=V pp....d) 8 '8 .g :9-:E ~ ~ ~ ..:Q ~ ~ ~ ~~E~~~ 0 .fi~u~~ 0 - Co;::J:!J.c -. "0 C':$ ~ v tn. ~ 8 E2 0.. ~ g B ~ 'a8 ~ ~. 8 ] ~ ~-' C':$ ~ btJ a::: C':$ :!J i!3 "0 ..... :::l . ~ 0......... ..s bo ~ C .fi 'p......... N U .... a 'sC':$ .::;: ~ ~...... -'8::l 0 '" '-";::J ~. 0 I-< If'\. ..... 0 t--. 'v 0 .:Q ;g Of;; . :J ~ ~ '"' -5l C':$ LL u:~;iit~'L~ ~ -0_ ~ ~ ~ .9 CI> '? v 'g' C':$ o<~iI ~ 5S ~ u a ~ .=t ]t~i~lr~]i~j CD " .- I. o ::s - u. "m -c .- .- (\.. .c~tn Uca.. ~... c :ECI)~ "~CD -._- ::S.. D. oeD. .co::s cnUCI) G >. v "0"""'" -..s' Vl 0..' ch = ~ OJ is -v. ~ .S ""@ .......: "O;:ao~~ ......a:..o C':$....J ~C':$~>.c v 0 0 ~"3 >:-;::: .;::: ~ G ..... Vl '-"'; CuP C':$ ..... VlC':$t::::l.........0"0 C':$&s5 .;:; v .~ 8 5] ~ ~ QJ'u "O..c<r:uo UC:><.;:: ...... ......... C':$ ~ 0 C......, ...,...; " ~ 0:::::. <t-l OJ ';,J) V 'JJ o~vo'::::;ol-< C':$"O ~ I-< .~ C a..:Q ~ ~ 15 v ~ ~ !'\ \ -.-l ~ ~ ~ __ ~ ~ C':$ C':$ >;J Q) u...< C ~ 1:1 Q) 'I-< .fi ~ ~~ ~ C':$ C':$ ::l :> 0 0..... o..ZJ v t::-o c~~ ..:Q ~ C t:;..c 0 v c:d ..... pO"'" C 0.. ~ ...... 0 0 C':$ o. 8-' C':$ a .~ c C C "0 ~ ] u ............... v 0 Q) .5 (J) C ZJ ~ Vl..g Vl "0 I-< a "0 0 Cu'''''' -' Vl C':$ C'p ......,:::: 0.. Q) V :!J I btJ......... .' C ' '-'- (J) 'o..(J):S v- ~.8 C':$ C va ~ ...; ';:: c:g QJ C C fj ~ ...... ~ 0 ~ ..... ...... btJ ~ I-< _~ Q) "\, P, C ..... C':$ 01-< ,.... C':$ ...... ..... ",......... v V btJ....J ,.........v "P S >;J ~ Q) ....... ...,...;......... "'" v ..... .~ ..... u........ '~:--... C':$..... ......... Q) a .....0 - L.. V V ~ v ::l ~'w u '-'- O/J:!J '" . 0.. (J) ~ -' " ~~~~CbtJ~voC':$os~..c~~~.....ccc:::~ :!J1-<~-oo:!J ~~I-<(J) .OU::lI-<~I-<VlO~ :> ~ bt) C .;:: (J)...c ..... 0 @ 0'-'" (J) !::l (J) ::l V V ...... C p ...... '-'- C ...... C '"' ...... C '-../ '-'- ~ . t:: N....J 0 :> v 0 '2 ~ 'S;: S Q).s.g ~ cb "0 >. ~ ~ ~ 5S :9 .:;.s ~ ~ 0 5b .:;:: ....... ..... C c > c C C ...... ,....,...- I-< 1-<......... ..... V V .~ bt)...... t:: ~ "0 p t:: C':$ :!J V v ~ V 0 C':$ '0 v 0......... 0 "01-<'-'-1-<(J):!J~vO -:!J(J)C':$(J)...c:::la ~::lt::~ ~o~~~c.o~~E~QJ]oc:::oc~C:::;":::~ t/) ~ 0 8..c 8 ~ v "0 0 2::l (J) :>..... :::: btJ ~ 'u C':$ 0; gf '-'- ..... ~ -i ~ ~-;..::: (5 S :-;::: .~ ~ -0 '"2 0 ~ .~ .5 ~ 'K -5 ~...... S? U 0'''' v v OJ:; u a..;:: :x: ~ C "'0 v '2F p -0 I-< 0 t-' 0\ .5 ~ /il:. I-. :> C '"' 0 u ...... C':$ C -.::::: -' (J) I-< ::l ..... U ....... C':$ ~ '" c"..o.. 9J ...... r:::: u C':$ (J) "'O..c v.';::: p C':$., ~ ;!i :!J ~ C ..... 0 "" C e..o c;;:9 . V I-< -0 ~ btJ ~ ..........2 v 0(; v ~ .'''''' C LL C':$ It)..po. 100<. < ~'-'- ~ "0 :!J E I-<~ "'0 ;:l ~ :x: ~ -B .... : ~ E"E ~ : 2 .~ ~~ ~(8 ~ 8.~] 0..8 ~ ~ ~ 2::l ...2 ~ C CI>, ... 't:I u 0....... ........ ~ - "'" v"""'" I-< . or. ~ V ...... ~ ;.;::< J) ..c r--' 4 ...... J) J) ~ ~ -' ~ ~ Q) '"' ><.,...:; h :.? 0... ~v v vO:>~:!Jvo""'~~~C~:!JUV~Vl~"'OE I- ~ .s -g ~ g. .5 ~ C C ] .:; .3 ~ 'o.g 6 ~ ~ Ej ~ .9 CJ) E .- ~ - (J """" ...... o c:l .- "E':+:: r;; a if; ......'-.::1 ..... i:: c:l r;; 0-.6 CJ .- o t: C c:l U '"';:I CJ .~ :- o ~ en Ci) 5 ~ :~ ~ u 0. CJ 0."0 =' :>. if; i:: c..> c:l ~ C1J ...... i:: '"';:I:.Q (l) c:l ,.!:;. a <l) .~ ;....; '"'d 'O,.!:;. 0 c..> OJ: +.J ~ ~ : g:5 'C ~ '-.::I 0 g c.~ ~ r+:: ~ 0 ..... C\:l t ~ ;g .S '0 .- ,- 2 U c C ~ 2~ '.0 ~ ~ ~ .p ;) .s 0 ~~~;s ~o..>~~ ~ fJJ Obb bb 3= 8~..2 > ...... ~ ~ l"'"" ~ .- ~ o ;:; ''':; ::r: if; C C CJ :>'C'i:l ...... u C ..... ::l 0 s::3 ::= E ;::lc .:3 u g ~.~ ...... c:l ~ ~ .c: CJ ..c e ~~ ..c CJ m E-< ::c: ~ <lI ~~ CJ ~...o ;:j""d o C,) :>.0. ~. U) .. (U a. ~ :E .. o II. .e ftS en (U ." .- .. o ::s - u.. U) - o v ~ I ~ ~ .fi v ~5 .=: ~ (J) bfj a ..... &s e c: I-< v C':$ ..... ..... 0 ~ Cl)B~:; ~~Ur2:l ~ '8 C D.2 u _ .9 ~;.;::<b.C u v :!J .........9 C':$ ~ > I-. ~ I ~ -g .s '2 Vl8vO"'O C I v - C .~ ~ ~ "0 v v ~ E ~ ...... ~ ..... ..... ~ ~ :> s:g..2 0::"'0.9 0 v C':$ ('j V ~ ..... Vl C':$ C u u u v .....o'""'\OOU::l~cci!3~ ~,.... ...,...; 0 0 ..... .~ C ~ ..... ..... v <..0:;, btJ...... (f) ~ .- ~ I-<~"O~ v C '5...; b.o~ .t!..2 bfj v 0.. ~ 'E:::: C :!J ~ "d ~~ 8.?f.&:g ';:l 8, ~.fi S ':"'f ~ 1-<._ t:: ~ v 'a.c C ;;-- ~ .....UUl i ~ 1 ~ ~dll :82~ j 3] ~ ~ U .- c::: E v 0 co ::J.~ J;; --g S -0 '0 o.fi ~ .!::: LL 0:::1 m Ii ~. .~ ~ .9 v 2 ~ .Ej ..... ~r~o C ~ v CI> R [3 ~ rJ) ~ 4-<~~}~:ti0 ] ,... :r:: C 't ...c ~ "'0 :> Vl v. ~ .......0 ~ .... p. ~ 0(; C':$ V ;>.. 0... u C':$ I- ..0 ~ E ~ ~ .fi.g 5 'S;: .S ~ CJ) E .- ~ - (J CD It.. :::s .c (,) o It.. m [fJ OJ:) >'...c ..... c c:l ..... CJ..- a (:,; o.~ CJ ..... ::r: ~..c . ..8 .....:: ~ ....c: '""0 c:l ...... .2-8.....1:~ CC:'=2a.1+-' r.r.'~~""O~ rr. '';:; ~ CJ.t: .~ ~ ~ {3 ~ '0 0< -.5 ;<;:: Z3 .- co '4-000 Q) b OJ:).9 ~ 0. :::s == 8 C) -..- ~ r-"1 rJ) ~ ""0 ._ ...... 0 .;:l:...c..c: [fJ U 0 C) ..... Q) C ::l :>...... >- ._ G:: CJ 0 10 w Cl <( a. d >. Q) .:Q ""@ .s d; c- o 9d ~ il; .;-< ~ ..... g; '_ ~ OJ ......, u . ...... ~ t:iE-:>Sv......ov v~ v CIla..1-. Q)"" =,~\-c~'J':.::;_~ O"'v~~~o...cv ..........Ov>.c:l"d -B ~ E ~,~ ~ ~.~ ~ a.. v Q) ,.... .- ~ ~ ~ OJ c;1 - -5 ..I -l> .~ = tit ~ ~ .~ ~ 0 ~ ~ v ~ p :f; .... ("<l .c: Q) :> .;::l ;!i 'v O,.c P::: 0 -c 0 u ~i==;:!~w;:lc:l8'3 , 5...... (f) q::: i== 2::...0 B.c ~z.o:J ~~ 0 c ,.., >. 0 c .;::l .c ..... Q) --c~:r:~""'"di== ~ C ~ U S C Q) _ vc:t!a:::w. Ou~ ..... .- - .~....:I;,) V ("<l ;:l CIl 0 5bO...c tv a.. -F""iJ .- .-....... ~..::: C ~ :..; >- M r.n~.~!.C rJ) c: o Q) = ...;Q :;;. :f; ..... c.;::l ~ ~ - .- rJ) ::;;>:::::= CJ c; bJj ~ -v~:> . :.2:!c w ~""O ~ v ~ ~ r> rJj'- C) .v '\:: Q) ~ .:::; eo>..~ <( ...c:ocQ)'lJ.........c'J;~a.. ~ vC: -<r.cv C ;:l 2d .\:: v~ r- .~ 0.. ..... G:: 0 0 a...a C ..... 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ;:::........ ""q::: v....... o~ Q. ~......0,)Q)>...~~c.-::: ~ t-' .j,..ol U ~- >-~, ~ ;:la:lc:l::lVOQ)~...o 8tt:~v>8~::J-O :!J ~ c:l 2:: ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ .~ ~ .- s V "1 ..c --. ~ "J; ~ ;g.. > -5 CIl jd QJ ...c v -::: ~ ('j 'C ~ O..D V<t; >..~..c 0 ""...c:...... ~o-:::8;:l::lQ)~O ",,<r.u-'o~.sv@ Ov \-, Q)'-'o >-- ~ ~ ,.., -- ....c:8t: 'lJ~...c~:J .;-J~O~'../)~::1 .~ c~U'-'2~o'~~ O "" .:Q c...... >. tJl! '""' 'Jj ~ v rJ) .... ~ c.'>l :!J " ....... ~ )2 :; '"5 5 '> ..s 'J') t::> [J) ,..... - ~ ,.... .-.. 'f'. ('j ;S(;.E"S>pP Q) ,~ 0 ..... p> '" .... v ~~~~~~~~ ~~5~~~o~~~ v --;::; 0 CJ) ~ B 0 v .t:: 0 v 0... ~ -S:..d;::J 0 0 :>-.O..:JtOv4-.c:: i3: ...oSci'P~ ...; ..s -0 .g c2 0 CJ) OJ) ~ v -8 -0 0 .9 .~ u- -5 G J2 0... c:: .t:; 4-. 0 ~ .S 0 ~ ~] u ~ C c./) ...... .~ ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ ~ ~o ~ "2 ...c: ~ 0 :2 :g v a:l ~ .~ ~ >. .~ 4::: <.C ~ 4-. U ~ ~ ~ -& -0 0 ~ -c- s a 'C ~-~~~~-ov "' ~;jc~CJ) ... ;jc::~~c::~c::u ~~6v-Q)"O~i3:~ ~ .32 ;:;:..2 0 13 ~ ~ goo . ~ ~ .S sQ) 5 0 4:::~. ;u ~ .:::: "., "' ~ c::: v ..c 0......... ~ "d .'::: ~ ._ -0 Z ... ';:; "" ._,...,,..., 0 c ....... c::: (':j ..., E- ~ ';!<...c: C t'l .::: ..w .g 1-.'- - ~ :;> 8 ....... ~ s ....... >< ...... 0 v .';:: ~.- 0... ~ ;!< ~ ::;> 0... ~'.:J ~ ~ ~ ...... :>-.'- .... CJ) w I-. C 8 ...... (':j.... v .... .~ 0 8" ~ -0 c::: 8.. s ;j .9 - 0 ~ 6 Q:; lS ~ ~ ~(':j ~ 0 ". ,..., ", 0 :>-...-...... 0 - ~ ~...c: ...... .... ,..., ~ .... m - ...... ~ - CJ) c::: - ~ ...... c p ~...... v ~ ~ ~ ,...., 0 c::: -0 c:: - 0 I-< -0 "' ;j v -... 0 fJ) I-. t;:;. ~ z ~ ~ .;:: ;j c ~ ~ .- ~ 0 z....... c::: ~ 0..::;> :::> :>-.~p ....0 vl-<S..c v~p4-."::;> V - Q) 0 v ~ .-. u 0 ~;j _ c::: -... 0 _ OJ) ~~~-o~..cs~;j~Q)_~-oc~8.5-ov~ 4-.~~oc....~~c::-~ ~ '.:J~]J2 o 8 ~ .... .~ '0 ~ .~ ~,,8 ~u ~;:: ~ v t:: c::: o t'l v... ......:r: ......,...::c; ~ ...... :g...c: ~ 'C CIJ '0-><: u I-. 8 C .... ] c "" ....... c::: I-< '"0 CJ) "...., N ....;:; u "' OJ) c' ....c: ~ v . 0 c ....; ..... l-.~z~~~Eo (':jSo<:~;:;~~~8 vo..;jvOJ)CJ)....~ c:>-'I-<~Ec -I-<-ov C. ~ ;- ~.8 ~ 5.g SCIl ~ ~ t] g ~ a3 "2 ..2~-o~~ ~~ (':j~uU ..ov~~ U-OQ)u:>~~g t::~S- ~~0'2 v ;:; ';j ';j .- 0... ~ ~ 0 'P 0:>-. -0 I-. .... ~ ~~.g~80~~~ a3~~]fOI-..c8-~g~. 0\ o....r;) 0... N:>-' ~ 0 0 :>-. ;:; p c:::? ~ 01-. ;;::l 8 ,...., a - ~ I-. .... a 0 Q) fJ) c::: Q) ~ ..0 CJ) 'u- ~ <=l :>-. 0 ~ -0 fJ) .- .... ...c: .!::i 0 -0 v v J:: 0 E- -< ...c: ~ u 5 ~ ~ :r: a .2 ...c: : v ~ - u i3: CJ) '...... ~ "'::< ,-,.- - v a a I-. CJ) "~ " ~ .- - -0 ,~ 0 0 u ~. CJ)' U ....... 0 .- ~ 'P '"" ~ .... 'fJ v~' .... c::: rJ) .::: (':j 0.... :> C 0....;::'< I-. : OJ) ~ C -0 ~ .s 0 ~ :>> I-. .... U ~ .. 0 ~ ..c: U ~ ~ c:: c./)-'Vi i]) - .- 0 i]) 0 ;::::: .c 0 ~ u .S cOJ) ~"...., I-< fJ) SV CI-....c:;:;S;j P I-<;jl-. ...c:.....vO ;::J 0... E-< >:::: :;> CJ) a..c -0 CJ) 0... ~ u 0 :> 0...;..... (\. C o .- ..... en ftS .....-a II. .- o II. 12.0 12..2 ~LL. en .. oS .c ftS ~~ o tn E .- co - () Q) ~ ~ ..c: o o ~ m ~ a; if] c: (,.) c: ~ 1:: .g ~ C,) ~ c: v; .~ o c: '.c...c c'j ~ ~ bJ) c; ~ 3 o ~ '2 ~ E ~ c: ~ b .~ >_ :c ,... -' c:p.. 0,) ",en ~::J >.r...i E< OJ ~ '" C';: ~ (..) (,.) < 0,) E <: :.. 0,) ~ ~ .5 C';: .... c: ;:: bJ) ~ c: ...... .- =,.-...,1 2~""C -~o: ~ <:..... c: '--' 0 <::: ~ o ~~ "" ~ ...... (,.) <: c "-' .~ c: if: ~bi:o<c: ~ c." -.g C'j ""U .~ .~ (j () ;.. ~ ~ :- C '-' ...,' ~ ~ c; ::;::4-<< '" 0,) ...... >.c: ~ ::J ~ If; "C7.i ..;:j .::,) Q.) r-' U rJ;. u';;: 8 Cl ~ .... .~ if) e.S b-5 ~ ~ .8 .b~~~ ~p..:r::u t: ~ t= o ~ cj o..~ u 0.. ~ .... ;= tl.i (fJ >= :.. c: -< o c '"" c: .9 V1 if:;. ~ v w e r:J) E 0. 0 .2'"0""0 ~ C c: = ~ c.; 6- ;2 € :> 0,) >= ~-< -6 c.c A 6..~-o ~ 2 'fJ '6 .g ~ 8: ;;l ~ -a.g ~ ;j V .~ V 0 v ...c ;:l (':j v <2 ~ ..s ~ oS .8 -5 ~ 8 ]..s ~ : .8 ~ ] X "2 - c:::~.~ Qj 3 ~ 9 ";l C .9 .S ~ .g :g :g ~ ~ Cba 0 rJ) (':j 0,$ ciO i3:'€ B] :,:jS ~ ~'.:J~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ c "" .., o. '::j <J:; ~ ~ o ~ c:: 'Cj I-< CJ) ..:.:; ~ ~ ~ .~:~.:8 ~>~> ~ ~ ~ li (.) .~ '5~i'i~~~;~\~ i ~ ~ ~ljl fltfli ~ ~~ ~ ;,; ~o .... +-' c: 8 -:5~Ir:=Q~ - c: 0,) .;:: '"0 :r:: ~ .9 >= ~ .... 0 ::::: ~ -< 'u 0 Cl ~z'JJS;~f:::, 6 '"""' g.; -< 0,)-5 ?:8Cif:-:5"a ~ a; ~ Q,) G ~ 'u 3 '" :r:: C~cn~Cb u c:..... C';:...... ';:'oO~ c 5 ..0 >..8 ,-. C) [1 >= .. -< E '5 '2 u ~ ~ t ~~~-?;a ;.....;.....u~<r:!lJ c.... 0 < .~ '--' Cl .... c:: .s it i3: .~ ;.::l{3~ .8 ,.... .8 ,..., ';:l OJ) .g'~ B .g ~ 9 "5.8~ ;:; 0 Q) rz::...c:t:: ..2 i3: 8. i]) ~ g..~ >- 0 fiS dJ gbt5 ~-g ~ <15 ~ u 8 &S c:: .8 >- 8...8 ~ c:: ~ ~ ~.6 I 0 ~ V ~ i3: ~ .9 o...c: c:: Q) ~ ; o..s ~ I-. 0 ~ 0....... ~ 8 g] ~ '8 ~S E5: TJ g.] ~<: v...s o...c;;<;:l o U).... ~ v v;g 0 &-8 ~ 'fJ ~'O] o..s aJ-B tffiS v,...., ~ <: _''qJ ~ ~ ~ i3: ""8 ~ ~ ~ ~ "2 ] " rJ) 01-. ...c: ~ _ ~r! ~ 0 .::1 t'5 c:: ""' ~ <..::. U c:: ~ 'P \..:< V U) .~ ~ .~ 5 ~ ~ .Q ~ ~a -g ~ 8 ~ ..... CJ) ~... - C... -.::J".... v C ~ ~- Q) 13 ;::J 8.' .- -0 ~ - ~u' 0... rfJ, :>-. 0 Cf) 0..."2 i3: ';> .v ,~,' c:: t::: V '.:J .v ;j >- ~ V c:: 'P 'C .::l .9 ..s ~ € '!' 0 ~ OJ) 8 v ~vc::: ~ I-< '::j V ~ ""'..c S ~ Co ~ N Q) 1-<..0 ~ 5 CJ) .~ I-. 'fJ 'c .;; bb ~"2 I=< ;:;: .~.o c:: "~(':j'-'I-.oo;::",,vvl::'-'-<~ ~......... bri ~ 0 ':> 2l .c '.:J OJ) t:: v ESlJ 0 c:: VU:>-.O ~ v 8.i3: ..g OJ) 2 8 c:: ~ ~ 'c ..s 0... ~ a...8 ~ c./) G 0 ~ bb '0 ~ ..0 ,... ..... w C) <( a.. -"" .... o ~ 1= ~ Q) !i= ~ '" 0 o ~:: Cll~ ~ :a Cll >. .g .2: ~ :.;:: e --1 (.) Q) t:5 Q) .92 a.. ro c: E<(c:u 0. ~ 4: Q) = c7.l >.;; '(3 <t: '0 E -;:; c: ~ ro '2 c: c: e 'c Cll (5 :::e(]) ~ .g o -0 t"\ U .- ...::- 'E c: s; 'C CD c: >. u UJ>.-w-o o~.92 'g (/) u E 19 Q) (]) (5 e 13~g<(:ij:mc:2.2~ <( .2> c: '0 .E 'E .2 't5 ~ .s ~ ro .2 c: ~ E ro c: !'.: :ij :::lu-l:l2o.og=OE U5 .~ 'E l!! d:l u -0 ~ ~ 8 -0 0 E Q) ..... - w .2 .92 .~ <0 :=:~ ~ocC:""~>T- B B 8 If - ~ .- ~ cI5 ill w ~ a.. c: .2 c: 1il '" ~ c: '8 c: 2 .- c: 0 c: '" 0 >. Q) g .2 :.s: .2 <(rn iij ~ iij rn c: .~ _ -- Jl? .- i!:' rn ::l g.!B l!? g <( e .92 <( ~ rn g ~ ~ _ 0 uo'~'- <(rn '" u <!: o t:5"t:: "'rou >'>'E~l!!~rn<(~E E en (]) Q) o.:.:J 2 '" ..!.. .!B (])o-ouo Q)Q)c:.r:; -0 (5 (IJ c: .~ :s; {ij ~ !Il U ~ c: U (IJ .r:; .- .- ~ ffi >. <(~<(UUUOZa..~ c: E c: c: c: c: c: c: c: c: (IJ E (IJ Cll Cll ro Cll Cll ro (IJ .g - .g .g .g .g .g .g .g .g Q) ~ Q) Q) Q) Q) Q) Q) !Il (]) E Cll E E E E E E E E <( <(<(<(<(<(<(<(4: ~ c~ ~ C' ......l': 52 <'0 ~ 0 C~ 0\ 0 J '1" C . ~7" ...... Q)", <'\l -.q< ~ ,..... .... v f::i 0. 0 '7' .~.;:; <<l...... '. >=< 0.. p;g~,,~ ~ ~~] 0 CJ~ tJ.]rn~.~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~!i d ~..c: C ~' '5 ,P \S Z 8 ~ N \S ...... J:: 8 Ql j I ~ 0 p:: u 0 ~ ~ ~ tr\..g bl)..c;, ~ o~.r;=l - 0 ';:J::r: . '1.;1:.::1 "~-:g ~ ~ ~o.' ~ -gQ) ~ -g']' ~ ~ 0 ~ [3 ~ ~ ~ g ~.bO~:8 :l .. ~ -8 ] -.:: 8'c~' N v....... ]::> ~ ~ v Q) ......, C of) iN ~!:. J~~e~i9' I~ ~~I~._~~~~~~is~i~~~~ ~ ~~ ~~ 6~ ~S ::l-.(od .......~a 'D 0- Q):l............::> til"'-'E-"<- ~ N;E, . --'>u 8 J..c ~~.~ . .1 ~ ~ ~ c,~ ~ a:g!i": 0 c~ -l.s S; ~ ~ a c ~ O;-n. 'R 0; 0.. ~ ss 1 ~ "O""i3<'O'";;:vO"......:l Ul,.....; \3.~.oO~.O'<,oCNQ)~ ',000...... ""'.afS; Ul[l~UlUl' S:: K3 ~ C ~ ~ !:;, c a 0 ~ 0 .:Q j!J ~ ~ ,.-:; ~...... c 6 .~ 6l.S N '0] G iU.,..... V ~ ,..... ~ iU' :::. ~ t~IIJli!~iSli ~111!1~~~t~i!;I~~i~f .II~~~~I~ I~I~~ 2 {j if; ~ ~.~ ~ .t:l 0.. 0..0 ~ .~ B _~ ~ 1= ~ gj t: _Ul -'C ~J t'l-O € ~ ~ ~ ~~ 0 "'" ~ o.t:l o..&r~ ~ ,"'-0 CJ 0.. 0..' l=O C r.r.< E "0 U -, l:: ~ .......c: ~ QJ . "0 0 J;:J .-............ U _ v 00 . U . _ , _ ~~~~l]~5~~5~~~~~~~~~~6~~.E s~g~]]~1~5i~55~ ~~~55~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 _ N ~ ~ N N N ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '" or "" '<> '" ~ a:; 0- C ,.,.., -r, '<:r :; ,r;:. ~ ~ \/" 'C t-- 00 C> ::;:. '<t '~ .~ ';1" ~ or m ..... w Cl <{ a. ~. . ~' Sf)' ~ ~~ $;> ~ . ~ c . G ..c: 0. .- t '.9 ~ ~.~ i <ll .0 8 C d ~, ~ c: i ~.~ ~ c' -' -g 5 S 4l ';f - p:: ~3< Ul ~ e p:l .g ~ 5 .~ iU ~. lJ ~ . 0 ~...... 0:::, ~ :l ..,.; ,..... -......til <<<:;0. <'0 ......_..::I:~ Ul <. ,~ ~ E o-~, tic ::> ~~ ~ ? .~ ~ ..g B 8 :g _.c.~] E . ~ ~ ~.~ N "0 'V'~ ~ ;Q iU 0 ~ c l~g~iB~~~~~~~W~~ ~~ !t]f ~ g~t~. ~ ~ ~Jt~g~~~~ ~ ~l~~~~.~'.~'~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~]~~ ~ ~'~:8!~'~ ~.~ ~8"€2~]~~8o~ t~~8~l~~!~~~~~. ~l~o~~g~ .~~~~~i]o..!~~.o.. ~.' O;~ ..~~~i~.~~~~~~ ] c~ ~6" ......s._....-E-"<~[J~~g./J::>~ ,~':@ .~..c;(I,-6~~'" 0 {lo ~.t::r:l~~"Ob~~-1 ""-:. 0 ~ -v; 'D 0.. ~ . -0 0 ~ o.U::;'E 0.. -v; f) ~ v 0. "l [j ~ lo.' ......, ~ n S .:> 2.5] 0. d........~ ~ . ~~~]~I~~~~:r:~M~~~I.~~~~~~~. ~~~~S~fi~S~~~~~~~~ej~~~i~~S Q ~ t.i:; ,..... C iU ~ a c;;:; ...... ~ - ~ ~ ~ 0,0....... ~:l c t.i:; P-. c ...; . ...;..; .;:;S 0 .g ~ :0 'c c:": J Cl -~ e ~ ::::.Eo 9.0 - B zj P9~ g '1:: ~ ,.....<:::::: .8 'Q:::::::: Ul ,-Ei 0:.:::::::: c;:: .....Eo 9JJ C.o 0..0 0. 0..0 0 0. \1) tj .8 .~ ': ~, Co ~ '.::I .... ~ . s~ ...... CJ s" ~ ~..8'~ B ~ '" v .. u ii .. Q) u..... ;;l .. C U :;:: 0 ' -, - t:: <l.J tl e t-! "3 iU U E f'--. sa~~dE~~~&~~~~~~~E5~E!3~~E~5~~~5~5~~55~~~;:;s~g~~~E6~~ o - N ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. x ~ 0 ~ N ~ ~ ...... N,.,... ~.,... -cr-- OCO"\ .................. ,............-.........~~NN N !"1M ... :I ...0 :I.a OCC~ ~eo W Ol- e ... 1- 1- m U.i" - EIC e..o cao::s u~- eLL. (I) - .. "(I)~ (I)..... .com ~:EB e CJ'; , :l) g .::: JJ u C U) .D- C 0 'p ~ "C :l) 0 ~ ;..., > c c:: .... '" "'0 ~ ~ ;..., 531 a> a> +---' c if:;. I ......' ~ ;:l 0-:: ~ .:: E > '" 4: c ... ..- C 'I C :;, 0 ~ -:j ~! c:J r-', ..c: E "0 4:: "0 t::1 .s::. c +---' ('::I ~i > '- d --: (.) 0 > > ~I > ~ :l) :l) ..- s: .... ...c ;..., :,..- ~ 0 (.) """"-. ~ ..- ..... c ..... >1 ~ ;:: a> s '2 .....: ... .::: m 0::: .~ ~ ;:l > '" c '-(I) ~(f)~8~ 0..... ~ ~ :.:=..:.::: ...... CJ v (f) c: 00 .... ~ '-::: V ...... 0 ~ \\,1 >- ~ ---i <<'S cI:J ~ 'CJ 0 l-o~ "Cu. 15::l S.i c: (1) ~ ("j C...o iC "C "C ~ ~ cg ~ .~ N ~ .:: ...0 C (1) ';:J > "0 --< ~ . . ,,,..... u'''''' ;> (:::; 0;;::: 'c ..c VI,.. ~("j~o..... e-v _u ...J v .... (1) q-;:; q::: .:: \"\l. ..... "0 e e 'r.. ~ ("j d'i iC .f?..... v 0 -- il-i O -t <11;~ V ...... v .- wJ YJ~I/;I>~ u.. .r.n CJ CJ ~ CF) ~ e ~ .~.' O-.,~v\..<v (1) 0... :::::. _ "J; V ~r. ...JVr.~ IVC b..9 I--;;:J 0 r.&. ..... ,r' 0. 0 ..... 8 8 8 0 _ u t:: d U ~ 0 Qj ("j 'CJ "0 0 V \1 .t:: ~ "0"0 0 ("j .t:: .t:: ::l...c:: o 0 Q::i ::l ::l ::l 0 l-o Q::iq:::t::",o ~ ~ ~ ". ~ ~ ~ ~ '" 2d .~ (f) "c: ~ ] U "0 v c: o (f) '0 0... I V "0 'C o ::l ~ ....... o ~ c: ~ :\I 0... '-/ U d: ] .S ] ("j --< ("j t:: o Or;) (f) :2 e 0. v -5 I- i2 "0 -g ~ o u ~ ~ :\I .Q 8 ...0 OOv .S 3 ~ ("j o c: :8 E v >-. r-< ("j t=::: c v bIj J v 15 ("j 0;;::: ~ ~ ~ :t:;i ("j .~ ~ ~ ]' '>> ~ d 9 8 S ~ ~ ~d3 B ~&k ~ ~k~ ] !~~ aJ ~~ ~ "8 ...oQ~ e ~~. ~ 8 ~ .~ <5 "0 G c: ~ ~ ~ ("j ~~ ~ ~~ E ~~j; .88 'B~~ ("jc l~~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ..... U ("j c: o u Ii .g ~ .f3 ~ 'C C'4 ~ ~ ..c ~~ bO ~ 0. r;I'J ] ~ c: ~ ("j ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ...c:: .""" 5 U c: o 'CJ ("j ~ .v :s l-o o t.r... G:\t' 00 ~ ~ ~ :~..~ ~ t.r... o .... ~2d o ("j 0..; .~ t' ("jN ~" u .... v .... ~ :;::; ~ <'0 of) l=: c;:: rJ'; C v .i:j 00 o rl >. V .!:: ?F ;> 0.:: ~ ~ ~ p':; -d 0.. Re: Item 7 (Traffic Calming) Booklet: Roundabouts: An Informational Guide was pulled an is located in the Official Records and Legislative Services Dept. Ref: CC Mtg 05-06-04, # 7.2 Skycrcst Neighbors c/o Ric J. Ortega 1& S. Corona Ave. Clearwater, FL, 33765 January 8, 200 I I-lEM H 7 ~rGt:st-lrcct0~ Cd \f^'~ Manda One Corporation~ Marcus Vernon~ President 1721 Rainbow Drive Clearwater~ FL 33755 RE: East 75 feet of Lot 1~ Block B Skycrest Unit A according to the m~p or Plat thereof as same is recorded in Plat Book 28~ page 4 of the Public Dear Property Owner: Records of Pinellas County ~ Florida Our neighborhood gained official City Neighborhood status over a year ago. Neighbors of Skycrest subdivision are concerned with the vo lume and amount of traffic throughout our neighborhood. As you may be aware ot: the construction of an extension connecting North and South Keene Roads is under way. This is going to cut our neighborhood in half and due to continued traffic concerns the City has ofiered us Traffic Calming. It will include treescapes that reduce vehicular speed and further define our neighlx>rhood as a residential area. .. These types ofprojects have been successful in many cities to help provide safety and strengthen neighborhoods. This will benefit residential and commercial property owners in tllis area with increased property values. ("fOllies hDve already been allocated in the city budget for this model project and they come fi'om the general city funds (therefore, from the entire city tax ba<re). Ifwe are not able to gather the required support, other neighborhoods now slated behind us will get the funds. Neighborhoods tmlst gather a minimum of 65% of area property OV\onet signatures prior to the City proceeding with this project. Our neighborhood has a large number of rental and perimeter commercial properties. The City has provided us names and addrcsses of these owners. Your signature below will indicate that you support our work and this ncighborhood improvement program. The attached copy ofa portion of the FaH 2000 City Newsletter gives a description ofthe program. S.incerely, Skycrest Neighborhood Traffic Calming C.ommittee B-iH W,;lch, Da..id Dilday, Geary Sue Humphreys, JoAnna Siskin, Brett Gardner. Ric Ortega, & Gary Miller Manda One Corporation~ By Marcus Vernon~ President Please Print your Name & then Sign yom Name & Date >Note: Ken Sides is the City of Clearwater Traftic Calming Engineer in charge of this program. ****lfyou wish to support us we need this form back at above address by Sunday Night Feb. 4th, lUOl. NEIGHBORHOODS Spotlight on Unifying Neighborhoods .l........ - - - FALL 2000 r.-.'-''......" :, {'\" \ .... '>- , . ", '.)c ~-I -"4:..-.. .." I . "'-'. ......~l~ "., E- I . ". " .... ......~. -.. , f_~ ". C h ah~g" ,~-~~:.-:~ Ct.l) ~ .....,::::::L),- ~' Moving With <ycrest Neighbors \ 'Ill! p . '~ { C1ear",rater's second trame calmin~ project, in Gmndview Terrace, took a bonom-up approach in which about 40 residents attended a meeting where [hey were trained in traffic calming techniques. brainstormed and ranked their traffic safety issues. Residents were empowered to design vari:ltions 011 their own traffic calming pl;m. and agreed upon a final preferred plan. These trained f citizen-designers then presented <. \ their plan to their neighbors in < hundreds of one-on-<>ne meetings at tcont doors. TIle results were ~ ~9'}-& consensus for a technically excellent plan and no neighbors locked in conflict. TIle issues were settled at the neighborhood leve! and had the effect of building communit)', not dividing it. i . '~i!r-- ..';.. ,..;. ;.I..'_r i' , 7~. I,..,. ./ l{..~: ..', .........-" t..,..;j,,' r'::, ,~ \\ I ;..__:::''1,_ ".--. ~ I' }.. ~f, ..,., ( .., ;-, .~ ~ <dc;, \1{'~::~.~::.::1 \......~.m':'~;:;t\ : _'\i:"~':t:~{.t.~' ,..' '~~:"t-r.. , ,. .'....r..........-a. :.~/~,.~ .~..>~;;,rtW; . 'fr r---- .. I _ ~. ..~.~ , ./ Skycrest Neighbors working together Co develop a 1011g range .traffic plan. ,~'. ': \' bmitted b)' Rtc Ortega, Skycrest igbbon e Skycrest neighborhood's l1eJopment began around Crest ~ grew eastward along-- ~eland Street to include Sk")'crest :X :lnd l3.ke StarCrest.The l}Ority of homes in this linear ighborhood, bound by Gulf.to- v and Drew Street, were built in ; 1950s and 19605. Known as a ~t walking area, the neighbor- od is characterized bv the autiful mature tree 6lnopy found :oughout, especially along :vcland Street. When ;l neighburhood must <.Ielll with an issue it can become a divisive ordeal, pitting neighbor against neighbor and both againsr government. Traffic calming can be one of the most divisive issues hlH it' can iiso bring people...----- ' together. In Clearw:ner, it has done both. TIle difference is in the choice of process. Ncigl~bors get along when they are wo_r~ng together in a compressed, factlnated workshop to design the bc~t plan they can to fit their own nelghborhood.TIley sign their own work. a sure sign of ownership. An~ they - not City staff - explain thC::tr plan to the rest of their netghbors and ask them to suppOrt it. Clearwater's first pilot traffic calming project took ;1 top-<.lown approach ,in which City staff prcsemed, a tr.lffic c.dming plan to the n~ighborho(}d at several group meeungs. Some residcms liked the plan; some didn't. Discord arOse and the issue was settled at the Commission level. The project got built, but at a cost in neighborhoo<.l harmony. ginning in November, the nstroction of the Keene Road tension will divide the neighbor- od into Skycrest .East and Skycrest ::st, with six lanes of major 'rtb/south uaffic. Pinellas Count\', ~ City of Qearw.uer. and Skycrest ighbors are working together to lp minimize the possible trimental effects that a six-lane ld could have on Skycrest. Some ighborhood concerns include ycrest Elementary School safety, !fie noise and dirt generated by leks. Skycrcst Park reduction. and gative aesthetiC construction "eelS. Cu.rremly eight nlore CIeClf'Water ll.cl~hhorhuU(ls arc going through a SImilar pmc~ss. With good will . and some hard work the pankip:Hwi wilJ suc~eed ill designing the best traffic calming plan for their neighborhoods and co.nvi.~:ing their neighbors of its 5Ultahlhty and attractiveness. For ~ore _i~lformation please call Ken Sides, r rumc Calming Engineer at 5624792. ' Neigbbors natural/I' like tIle pIau the)' ",'-eated for tbeir ou.m ,wigllbm-hood, so bUI'-in is (}uilt buo'tbe planning tl)Ot'kslJop fu'()cess automaUcall)t ~ Clearwater ;~ ~"C/ N~~bborbood Sen>lCC5 p.o, Oo~. 47-48 OcarwlJu:r, Ft 3>75fH7-48 Message Page 1 of2 Subj: Date: From: To: RE: Roundabout Plan in Clearwater, Florida 3/24/2004 4:31 :17 PM Eastern Standard Time thibault@ACCESS-BOARD.GOV RosiedotSe@aol.com Dear Mrs. Stanley: I have contacted the Florida DOT ADA Coordinator to determine where to refer your concerns about new roundabouts proposed for traffic-calming in your neighborhood. I hope to have a name for you next week. In the meantime, I draw your attention to the Access Board's technical assistance bulletin on roundabout usability. It may include information useful to you. It's posted to our website at: nttp~/WWW.ii)CC~SS- board.g~vlQub1iQ~tions/rQlJlJd~1:>9JJn>LPJ.Jj~tin,htm. If you'd like us to mail a printed copy, please let me know. Questions about the usability of roundabouts for pedestrians and cyclists have not been fully resolved. You are wise to look for additional information to help you evaluate plans for your neighborhood. Regards, Lois E.L. Thibault Coordinator of Research U.S. Access Board 1331 F Street NW, #1000 Washington, DC 20004-1111 For technical assistance, call 800/872-2253 (tty: 800/993-2822) or see our website at www.access-board.gov -----Original Message----- From: Scott Windley Sent: Wednesday, March 24, 2004 10:30 AM To: Dennis Cannon; Lois Thibault Subject: FW: Roundabout Plan in Clearwater, Florida -----Original Message----- From: Rosiedot68@aol.com [mailto:Rosiedot68@aol.com] Sent: Wednesday, March 24, 2004 10:23 AM To: windley@access-board.gov Subject: Roundabout Plan in Clearwater, Florida Dear Mr. Windley, I am a 35yr resident and home owner in Crest Lake neighborhood in Clearwater, Florida. My husband has worked for the State of Florida for 33+ years, will retire next year and has health problems with disabiHties - especially in walking. The Traffic Engineering Dept. of Clearwater has a plan called, "Skycrest Traffic Calming Plan," which proposes 5 roundabouts on an important inner East/West arterial road, for the neighborhood, named Cleveland Street. Drew St., on the North, and Gulfto Bay Blvd, on the South are very busy streets. Residents often walk on the sidewalks by Cleveland St. often to go to the park. One of these roundabouts is at an intersection at the North East comer of Crest Lake Park -a City Park. We live on Grove St., 2 houses West of Lake Dr., just 2 blocks North of this Park. This Plan also calls for a few roundabouts on interior roads in the neighborhoods plus other traffic calming devices like diagonal diverters, etc. This started with neighborhood meetings, called Skycrest Neighbors, in 2000, and a consensus was taken of property owners. The first problem was the plan called Skycrest included other neighborhoods, like ours - called Crest Lake Neighborhood, and other neighborhoods -CrestLake Park and Keystone Manor Neighborhood; this was misleading. If residents did not attend any of these meetings they were given a letter to sign, but the letter only mentioned beautification of the neighborhood with treescaped. Wednesday, May 05, 2004 America Online: Rosiedot68 PEDESTRIAN ACCESS TO MODERN ROUNDABOUTS Page 11 of 13 program of research on roundabout accessibility was initiated by Western Michigan University and Vanderbilt University. Conducted at three modern roundabouts in metropolitan Baltimore, Maryland, the study provides information about the ability to use vision and hearing to distinguish 'crossable' gaps in traffic from gaps that are too short to afford safe crossing. 'Crossable gaps' were defined as those that would have allowed pedestrians sufficient time to cross from a curb to a splitter island before the arrival of the next vehicle at the crosswalk. The results of the study suggest that there are significant differences in the ability of blind and sighted pedestrians to determine whether it is safe to initiate a crossing at some roundabouts, presumably because of differences in the way information is obtained to make decisions about crossings. The Western MichiganNanderbilt team also conducted a comparable study at three roundabouts in the greater Tampa, Florida area with similar results. A principal finding of this research was that the ability to judge whether gaps are crossable or not is strongly affected by vehicle volume. For example, the judgements of blind and sighted pedestrians were similar at a single-lane roundabout at mid-day, but blind pedestrians were significantly disadvantaged at rush hour. The team is currently studying the behavior of blind and sighted pedestrians as they cross at roundabouts and the behavior of drivers as they approach blind pedestrians waiting at uncontrolled crosswalks (both at roundabouts and mid-block crosswalks). Preliminary analysis suggests that few drivers yield, although this varies widely from crosswalk to crosswalk. \M1ile such research has begun to address several of the key issues cited earlier in this bulletin, it is clear that much more work remains to be done. Improvements for gap identification/notification . ITS technologies with APS or other audible output . sound surfaces on entrance/exit legs Note: avoid masking vehide sounds with water tealllres in central Island or nearby FEDERAL RESEARCH INITIATIVES The dearth of research addressing the negotiation of roundabouts by blind pedestrians has prompted Federal funding of several projects on this topic. The first, funded by the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health, was awarded in 2000 to a consortium led by Western Michigan University. This project emphasizes the identification of variables affecting blind pedestrians' safety while crossing streets at roundabouts and treatments to enhance this safety. The second project, funded by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, was awarded in 2001 to a consortium led by the Sendero Group, LLC. This project emphasizes the identification of wayfinding information needed by blind pedestrians at roundabouts (e.g., crosswalk location, intersection geometry) and ways to convey this information to the pedestrian. A third project, focused specifically on the usability of roundabouts and slip lanes by pedestrians who have vision impairments, will be awarded in 2004 by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (a prior NCHRP study still http://www.access-board.gov/publications/roundaboutslbulletin.htm 5/5/2004 , PEDESTRIAN ACCESS TO MODERN ROUNDABOUTS Page 12 of 13 underway will identify "geometric, traffic, and other characteristics that are expected to affect the safety and operation of all roundabout users, including bicycles, pedestrians, and pedestrians with disabilities" and to "refine geometric and traffic control design criteria used for roundabouts, including....treatments for bicycles and pedestrians (including pedestrians with disabilities and including the impact of accessible pedestrian signals on pedestrian access and vehicle operations)... It). The Turner-Fairbanks Research Center of the Federal Highway Administration/DOT has a human factors study newly underway that will test several potential improvements to roundabout usability by pedestrians who have vision impairments. Collectively, these and other projects should significantly enhance engineers' and planners' access to information about how to build roundabouts that can be negotiated safely and efficiently by blind pedestrians. PUBLIC RIGHTS-OF-WAY ACCESS ADVISORY COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS The U.S. Access Board is an independent Federal agency that develops accessibility guidelines for buildings, facilities, transportation vehicles, and communications technologies and electronic devices covered by the ADA and other laws. In 1999, the Board established a Public Rights-of-Way Access Advisory Committee (PROWAAC) to make recommendations on accessibility guidelines for public rights-of-way. The 33 members of PROWAAC represented Federal agencies, traffic engineering organizations, State and local government transportation and public works agencies, traffic consultants, standard-setting organizations, disability organizations, and others. On January 10, 2001, the PROWAAC submitted its report to the Board recommending a new national set of guidelines for accessible sidewalks, street crossings, and related pedestrian facilities. The report includes several recommendations regarding access to roundabouts. In particular, the report recommends: . pedestrian channelization by means of landscaping, railings, bollards with chains and similar devices where pedestrian crossings are prohibited; . cues (locator tones, detectable warnings, other) to identify crossing locations; and . pedestrian-activated signals at crossings. The Access Board is considering Committee recommendations as it adapts current ADA standards for more effective use in the public right-of-way. A draft guideline proposing pedestrian signals at all roundabout crossings was published in June 2002. The Board is currently analyzing comment to this preliminary proposal and will next develop a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) on guidelines for public rights-of-way for publication in the Federal Register. The NPRM will seek additional public input and comment on the proposed guidelines before a rule is finalized. Further information on the status of this rulemaking is provided on this website. Public comments to the draft are also available online. RESOURCES A summary of the Board-sponsored research is posted to the Board's website. Additional resources on public rights-of-way accessibility available from the Board include: Building a True Community, a report from the Public Rights-of-Way Access http://www.access-board.gov/publications/roundabouts/bulletin.htm 5/5/2004 . " PEDESTRIAN ACCESS TO MODERN ROUNDABOUTS Page 13 of 13 Advisory Committee submitted to the Board in January 2001. (Also available in PDF format). Accessible Rights-of-Way: A Design Guide, a guide the Board developed in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration to provide advisory information until guidelines for public rights-of-way are developed (also available in PDF format). Detectable Warnings: Synthesis of U.S. and International Practice, a Board- sponsored study on detectable warnings that surveys the state-of-the-art in the U.S. and abroad and summarizes the installation and effectiveness of various designs. (Also available in text and PDF formats). Resources available from the Federal Highway Administration include: Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, a comprehensive overview of roundabouts. Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices, which contains standards for the application and installation of traffic signals, signs and pavement markings that regulate, warn, and guide the vehicle and pedestrian users of the public right of way. The MUTCD promotes the uniformity of traffic control devices nationwide. A newly-updated (2003)S-Y[111J~sisof currenttecho!)logies inaccessible p-edestriansJ~nals_LAPID has been posted to the website of the Pedestrian- Bicycle Information Center, an FHWA grantee. The Synthesis is an early product of NCHRP 3-62, an on-going National Cooperative Highway Research Program. The Access Board 1331 F Street, NW, Suite 1000 Washington, DC 20004-1111 (202) 272-0080 (v) (202) 272-0082 (TTY) (202) 272-0081 (fax) email: info@access-board.gov http://www.access-board.gov/publicationslroundabouts/bulletin.htm 5/5/2004 ..s \1 I ! I I I r~ I I I j I N. LaIle DrIve ... Grove Sl. 1 .".,"""'''__,.._'",...,__....~~..__~_"'..-_.-...^.,.,~''_,.._...w~.,_____"_."o<,._....--._-",.,._-_..-...",..-----._..--'-".~,._-_.--"...~,..... Accessible Pedestrian Signals and Travel by Pedestrians who are Blind or Visually Impair... Page 1 of 2 :::.{:::':::.?(D..:.$ . - 111.101..1"'010 8111. :.; .":::"~'.. I ' " · >:;;\ll;w Pei!es.trian an4 Bicyde hm1rm.1troa CeIUM .> :Ol,."!ll"".e rQ~.e sitemap I about us I links I join emaillist I ask a ql + back to Designing for Pedestrians with Disabilitie: ......., · Siiibli: ......................... .-......,.'............ ............ ........u.......... ; Home : Background : Travel by Blind : Research : Rules & Regulations ; Technologies & Features :~ : Walk Indications : Other Features ; Choosing & Installing : Where to Install Designing Installations : !'-l~._Con~!ygi~JLQI Reconstruction : Retrofittina an Intersection with an APS ; Installation Specifications ; Field Adiustments ; State of Practices ; Case Studies ; International Pr~~j~e ; Devices : Manufacturers ; Selection Tool ; Product Matrix ; PDF Downloads : Full Guide , RatinQ Scales : Field Adjustments ; Glossary A woman in Sweden uses a tactile map on the side of this Prisma Teknik device to find out what to expect as she crosses the intersection. Highlights .:> ~- -1 ..;.;~ ---..... fa. lM .....' :!""-"-'.~..- ~ _~t~ '~""",;j. p Seleciion.Yoo! Find an APS device accor to its type and features. ~YieeFeattires Review APS features cun available. Wllere.to.lflSt~dt? learn about where APS i! required, where it is need and how to prioritize installations. lLS.Case.Studies Read about the experienc U.S. cities who have insta APS. D~.lwrdoad$ Download print versions c Guide, example rating sa and field adjustments This online guide is an interim product for NCHRP Proiect 3-62, Guidelines for Accessible Pedestrian Signals, which is being carried out under a contract with J University of North Carolina Hiohway Safety Research Center under the directiol David L. Harkey (Principal Investor). It provides background information on how pedestrians who are blind or visually impaired cross streets, and how Accessible Pedestrian Signals assist this process. The print version ofthe guide was prepared by J.M. Barlow, B.L. Bentzen, lee Tabor of Accessible Design for the Blind. The web version was adapted from the print document by the PBIC staff. Research Results Digest A summary of this APS Guide is available in the following formats: HTML PDF [1.35 MBl Acknowledgement & Disclaimer http://www.walkinginfo.org/aps/home.cfm 5/5/2004 New Times Naturally! Ad for Skycrest Neighborhood - Clearwater Page I of 1 , Home Current Articles Advertiser Index Event Calendar Classifieds New Books & CD's Resource Directory Articles from Previous Issues f'lewtlmesnaturally. com , "l GerU1.. ..'. .;" Ada . ." & II<lBs!ic Magazine. ew Times Natllrally! Advertiser Skyc::res t Neighborhood . i;;'f';f;:t/~i~jf; of"ltii:i(lf.,;.i~i~:w;i~m1 ,0::"....", (-:I(~,,......-, l("T. f"1a~;d..t LOOKING FOH l\ NE\!JJ.oME ')')') w(~ invit.e you to driV(~. walk. bike, or skale l.hr"ough our l)(~aulirul neighborhood. Our beatHul and mature tree canopy and large back yards are wonderful. Young families love lhc rc:l.cl that Sky(~rcsl r.l(~mentary is cen lral t.o our neighborhood. Our 50' Lhru 70's homes are being renovaLed and enlarged one by one... Come join us... ASK YOUR REALTOR ABOUT flOan::s AVAlJABLE I~ THE SKYCREST AREA, "'._flt-bQ'. flIP' "'_'''''~.'. bo". __/~"""" Skycrest Neighborhood - Clearwater http://www.altnewtimes.comlAdPagesl AdFileslasne.html 3/1 4/2004 The following is the "Conclusion" of the report, "Problems Associated with Traffic Calmi... Page 1 of 3 , The following is the "Conclusion" of the report, "Problems Associated with Traffic Calming Devices " by Kathleen Calongne. The report is a 400 page compilation of data and articles from the United States and abroad. Ms. Calongne offers the report to all interested individuals at her cost. CONCLUSION The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) are encouraging the installation of traffic calming devices in our communities. Overlooked is the fact that cities building devices such as speed humps and traffic circles consistently violate ITE guidelines for their use. Devices are being placed on streets of all volumes and grades, regardless of their 4esignation as critical emergency response routes. The USDOT has stated recommendations for the design and ~ . devices that are approved "traffic control devices" in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). The designation of calming devices as "geometric design features of the roadway" has allowed devices built on city streets to fall under the jurisdiction of city councils. The political nature of calming projects has resulted in an attempt to ignore the concerns of our fire chiefs about delays the devices impose upon emergency rescue vehicles. Fire chiefs, as city employees, often will not voice concern until the level of risk becomes intolerable. An analysis performed by Ronald Bowman, a scientist in Boulder, Colorado <http://members.aol.com/raybowman/risk97/eval1.html> and applied to the City of Austin, Texas by Assistant Fire Chief Les Bunte <http://home.cfl.rr.com/gidusko/texts/tfc_calm.pdf> proves we are in far greater risk from even minor delays to emergency response caused by calming devices than from vehicles - speeding or not. In 1998 the ITE on behalf of the FHW A prepared an informational report on traffic calming in the United States and Canada, Reid Ewing, Associate Professor of Environmental and Urban Systems at the University of Florida and Chairman of the Surface Transportation Policy Project (STPP) in Washington at the time, authored the report. Mr. Ewing seems to reveal his bias in the chapter of his draft report, Traffic Calming: State-of the-Art, on emergency response. Ewing titles Chapter 7, "Agency Concerns (and How Tirey Can be Addressed)." He characterizes the concerns offire chiefs as "making points" (p. 150). He suggests that transportation planners use "strategies", including the "threat of liability", to make a "case" before city councils (p.162). He proposes that decisions concerning safety are better made by residents than the trained safety professionals of our emergency rescue servIces. "Probably the most appropriate role for emergency services is 'advisory', as in Austin (I'exas). After all, traffic and emergency services are independent line agencies that answer to chief executives and legislative hodies. One should not answer iii the other. " (p. 137). ft. . . it is evident that emergency response routes should he negotiated rather than accepted unilaterally from the fire department,. . . .not only should response routes be negotiated, but they should be negotiated with ample public input. Residents are the best judges of risks to themselves from traffic, fire and emergency medical incidents". (p. 155) Mr. Ewing contends emergency calls are "rare" compared to the "constant problems of speeding traffic." (p.162) He, as many transportation planners, compares emergency calls to speeding cars, equating eveI)' car traveling as little as one mile per hour over the speed limit to a call from a resident stricken by a medical emergency or a structure on fire. Emergency calls are not the rare events Ewing and some members of city councils and transportation divisions would like to believe. The City of Houston, for example, responds to an average of 150,000 emergency medical calls and 100,000 fire calls per year. While calming devices are purported to increase safety, Reid Ewing's final http://www.users.qwest.net/-erinard/ConcIusionl.htm 2/29/2004 War on Autos Page 9 of9 , Fighting Back More than four out offive American workers drive to their jobs, and more than 90 percent of all non.- job-related trips are also by caT. Yet auto drivers are remarkably unorganized and easy prey for the anti- car coalition. Auto users have been made to feel so guilty about their desire for safe, efficient, and convenient transportation that they often accept the congestion offered by New Urbanists as their just desserts. Groups such as the American Automobile Association and National Motorists Association are barely aware of the anti-auto campaign. The real opposition to the New Urbanists will come from the suburbs. People who have escaped the crowded cities don't want congestion and density imposed upon them by planners whose ideal lifestyle is in Manhatten. But most suburbs remain as unorganized as auto drivers in general So, if you live in a suburb, if you drive to work or anywhere else, if you like shopping at Costco or Sam's Club, then get ready for the next big social war. You will be the target of social engineers who want to control where you live, where you work, where you shop, and how you get from one to another. If the New Urbanists win, the cities of the future will be more congested and polluted, have higher taxes and housing costs, and less open space within them than you are used to today. '''...''-",,''....................-.............-....................................................................................,.-..........................-..................................................-.........,.............,.,...,........".........-.-.....................................................-.."-"..."."..-.-...-.,.-..........................,-..............".....-.........".._................",...."......-............"..........."..............................,.,........"...............-........_.,......................-.-.........."....-.-.."...-"..,. Electronic Drummer I Urban Growth I Articles http://www . ti. org/autowar.html 4/22/2004 Chapter 14: Roundabouts number of multiple vehicle accidents generated by an at-grade intersection. . Where a majonoad intersects a minor road and a roundabout would result in unacceptable delay to the major road traffic. A roundabout causes delay and deflection to all traffic, whereas control by STOP or GIVE-WAY signs or the '1' junction rule would result in delays to only the minor road traffic. I. Where there is considerable pedestrian activity and due to high traffic volumes it would be difficult for pedestrians to cross either road. . At an isolated intersection in a network of linked traffic signals. In this situation a signalised intersection linked to the others or simply an at-grade intersection would generally provide a better level of service. . Where peak period reversible lanes may be required. . Where large combination vehicles or over- dimensional vehicles frequently use the intersection and insufficient space is available to provide for the required geometric layout. . Where traffic flows leaving the roundabout would be interrupted by a downstream traffic control which could result in queuing back into the roundabout. An example of this is a nearby signalised pedeWi811 crossing. The use of roundabouts at these sites need not be completely discounted, but they are generally found to be less effective than adopting a signalised intersection treatment. 14.2.3 Slgnalisation at Roundabouts Changes in traffic demand and patterns of movement at an existing roundabout may produce excessive delays and queuing on a particular leg/so One solution may be to provide traffic signal control of one or more movements to provide a satisfactoxy level of service. In some cases, signals may not be required. at all times and flexibility of operation must be provided. Appropriate warning signs WIll be required. 14-8 Road Planning and Design Manual (Refer also to Chapter 18, Section 18.15.6.) 14.3 Number of Roundabout Legs I Angle Between Legs 14.3.1 Single Lane Roundabouts Aligning rOlUldabout legs at approximately 900 is the most preferable treatment because it results in the least amount of driver confusion (even on three leg roundabouts). This treatment limits the number of roundabout legs to fom. However, the provision of a greater number of legs on a single lane roundabout is allowable if economic constraints dictate. It is suggested, however, that more than six legs would lead to driver confusion as to which exit leg is required. Adequate signing would also be difficult to obtain. 14.3.2 Multi-Lane Roundabouts Multi-lane roundabouts should be limited to a maximum of fom legs with legs at approximately 900. Three and four leg multi-lane lane roundabouts allow legs to be formed at approximately 900, which helps motorists detennine the appropriate lane choice for their path through the rowdabout. Multi-lane roundabouts with more than four legs have some or all legs aligned at angles other than 900. On these roundabouts, motorists can experience difficulty in detennining which is the appropriate lane choice required for left, through and right twns on some of the approaches. These concepts are discussed below. 14.3.3 Legal Requirements of Driving on Multi-lane Roundabouts Drivers OQPC (1999) Transport Operations (Road Use Management - Road Rules) Regulation requires June 2002 Road Planning and Design Manual . At intersections with more/than four legs, if one or more legs cannot be closed/or relocated or some twns prohibited, rotmdabouts may provide a convenient and effective treatment whereas: - with "Stop" or "Give Way" signs, it is often not practical to defIne priorities adequately; - signals may be less efficient due to the large number of phases required (resulting in a high proportion oflost time). Two lane rotmdabouts with more than four legs, however, may cause operational problems as discussed in Section 14.3.2 and should be avoided. . At rural cross intersections (including those in high speed areas) at which there is an accident problem involving crossing or right turn (vs opposing) traffic. However if the traffic flow on the lower volume road is less than about 200 vehicles per day, consideration could be given to using a staggered "T" treatment. . At intersections of arterial roads in outer urban areas where traffic speeds are high and right twning traffic flows are high. A well designed roundabout could have an advantage over traffic signals in reducing right turn opposed type accidents and overall delays. . At "T" or cross intersections where the major traffic route turns through a right angle. This often OCC\D'"S on highways in country towns. In these situations the major movements within the intersection are turning . Where major roads intersect at "Y" or "T" junctions, where a high proportion of right twning traffic exists. . At locations where traffic growth is expected to be high and where future traffic patterns are uncertain or changeable. At intersections of local roads where it IS desirable not to give priority to either road. June 2002 Chapter 14: Roundabouts B II c Figure 14.3 Etrect of Turning Vehicles on Roundabout Operation Note: Care should be taken in assessing the future traffic volumes and their patterns. It is possible that a site considered appropriate for a roundabout now, may become inappropriate in the future, requiring extensive modifICation to the intersection. Designers should consider the potential to build in flexibility in the design to accommodate possible future changes, particularly when land use changes alter traffic patterns considerably. 14.2.2 Inappropriate Sites for Roundabouts Roundabouts may be inappropriate In the following situations: . Where a satisfactory geometric design cannot be provided due to insufficient space or unfavourable topography or unacceptably hi~ cost of construction, including property acquisition. service relocations etc. . Where 1raffi.c flows are unbalanced. with high . volumes on one or more approaches. and some vehicles would experience long delays. This is especially true for roundabouts on high speed, high volume rural roads which intersect a very low volume road. In these cases, the number of single vehicle accidents generated by the roundabout can substantially exceed the 14-7 . City of Clearwater - City Projects Details Page 1 of2 '... .Home\;~About clearwater:'[t~!service$!.;1.~'Governmentl;::'~:Residen~;:;~:;Business!~ir]Msitors::.::~Employment!;:;lEspaftoll City Home > City Proiects > City Project Details City Projects Project Details Department PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION Owner MAHSHID ARASTEH Project KEN SIDES Manager Construction Manager Project SKYCREST TRAFFIC CALMING Title Project# 03-0097-EN OP# 92259 location BOUNDED BY GlENWOOD, DREW, STARCREST &. GULF-2-BAY Scope CONSTRUCT TRAFFIC CALMING FEATURES IN SKYCREST. Related Web Site Schedule: l?I 08/00 PREPARATION COMPLETE l?I 08/00 PUBLIC SESSIONS (CHARRETTE #2 &. #3) - SITE VISITS / ISSUES DEVELOPMENT / DESIGN SESSIONS l?I 02/01 SKYCREST - 65% NEIGHBORHOOD CONSENSUS COMPLETE l?I 8/01 SKYCREST SURVEY COMPLETE l?I 7/03 BEGIN DESIGN [J 6/04 DESIGN COMPLETE tJ 4/05 RD http://www.myclearwater.com/cityproj ects/proj ectdetail.asp?proj ect= 144 4/28/2004 .. City of Clearwater - City Projects Details Page 2 of2 c 5/05 5/06 BEGIN CONSTRUCTION c END CONSTRUCTION Notes: 9/25/03 - REVIEWED; NO CHANGE. 10/30-03 - REVIEWED; NO CHANGE. 11/24/03 - REVIEWED, NO CHANGE 3/17/04 - SKYCREST NEIGHBORHOOD TRAFFIC CALMING TECH TEAM CERTIFIED THE 30% PLANS ARE FAITHFUL TO THE NEIGHBORHOOD CHARRETTE VISION. 7/21/03 - COMMISSION UNANIMOUSLY AWARDED THE DESIGN WORK ORDER TO KING ENGINEERING ON JULY 17, 2003. 12/31/2003 - TREE CANOPY CONSIDERATION BEING ADDED TO THE PROJECT. 1-26-04. REVIEWED Project Updated: 1/30/2004 [ Previous Page] [ Top of paoe ] City Home I About Clearwater I Services I Government I Residents I Business I Visitors I Employment I Espano) Contact Us I legal Notices I Site Map Page last updated Thursday, January 08, 2004 j:_re;~!~~ @2003 City of Clearwater http://www.mycIearwater.com/cityproj ects/proj ectdetail,asp?project= 144 4/28/2004 SKYCREST CONCENSUS 2001 RESULTS CODE: For Each Property - on Skycrest Traffic Calming Map .L e 1 Property Owner _ (if 2 or more listed) 2. [!] Both Pro 3. e 1 Pro 4. [!] 5. IS) No Signature Recorded 6. D No Signature Recorded SKY CREST CONSENSUS 2001 RESULTS I .. ..~+ 495 - Signed _ (mostly at meetings) OUT OF : TOTAL 1057 RESIDENTIAL HOMES 1164 HOMES + BUSINESSES ~ 585 . 55 1/30/0 = 1057 1+1 Total Property Owners who signed Total Residential Homes 495 46.80/0 = 1057 I Property Owners - Petitions Total Residential Homes 585 = 1164 1+1 Total Property Owners who signed Total Homes +Businesses 495 42.50/0 = 1164 I Property Owners - Petitions Total Homes +Businesses Skycrest Traffic Calming Area ~101 I I I rco-TIJIO~' - r:1 - STREET !:I V\ ,lOfJ ~~nnn iHi iii i i .., ~ .Ulu~nU~llI ,a J.I'D , ra ~ f1~i~ Nh, I I' t - ~ .. ~ A ~ I r Ii'll I t. ~ i~lr i i~. ~-C~fl-~'.j". m : a ;;: \ (..; I \,['~~ I! ~ II ;,'" · I~a" 'I Ii . ~-I il ~ I I; Ii Ie' I ~ II l.11~,iI ~ ~..~ I ~-I)':J~II'" _I Iii ~ ~ :L. Eli II ~ ~ ~ ii" r · "- i "I! :i~ '.. ~ · ~--'jl~~~ ~: ~ I "If Ii I I~ .:m Ii I . ~: · i I I iLl I ~ . . .. .u _ ~c: ~ ~~ ~ it;~... ~ I Il ~ '_.'~' ; ~ i ~ !S! .0;;;.1.,\)1 I~ ....I~J- '- ~ 00 , I..... ? ~< :\~lC7Jtt \ [ ~ · li~l~li . - ~ 10' ,': f Ill: III i Ir\ !l _n-. m- UIII ~) Irs: .r ~..DI~.' - 50 ~~l~ ,!),~ _y~4_' ~'l: JU ! ",SJt!!tO i iU ulunUiifilii tiI - - ~ e~ j If\ I Ii . \n l\g ~ - " - ~ f ~i.> ~ ~I ~ !~oood l:- . v '- I- - - ,,- I ~ ~~ 1- ,~ no - ~ -- -- , r.m '- ...E!.~ ~~ 1--- 1- a . I---"-- GULF TO BAY --, J~ l! !l ./01 "I --j I.r 400 1 ~- I ~ Io~niuil~;-~ 6f l!l!I!!liU! tc; 1 I I. I !ll\ID. SR. GO 1<" mg\ i~ I ~i I 1. ~ ItID IIU M. IN 111. i B i 10 I i U III i &1' 11 i Ii ~ ~ ~ .. .. I '101 1ST ., n H ~ .:Uii,UU II.. I.~ ~. . t " g' _ to , · - II - ~ ! '._iU I ~' M.' i ," _II ~! I'" ~~.~ ,I!W'I · e." ~ '~ ,.. .. is:: to II "-.....~ ~ ~ " ~~ ~ 1:1 \<'.. 11.1 ,.. ~ '-J ~ :~ :::::;l~!r.': ~ ~ 'f ~ : ~ I . :. ;;~ ~ - '""'-: ~ =,,: _ N _ I~ _ : ~~ ~ ~ 0 ~#.L' r--......IIN ~ ,.,1.. '" lit 1?"e1 ~ ...... "hr ~: ~;::: t' ~. ~~ I ~I · ....... .. - I m l' /' ~~ as : .:. 7:.~---/t- C': - ., ~ m ~IW:15 - ~ I ~l'J - I - I - ~I~ ~:: -1M DRIll!: li: _ gin::. ~ m: SOJe~~i~ l"fFiiiii Ul ~:I1fi)': ~(! :\~ it}l= :: r~lt,k -11.- .'-:- = I~.... 'm.:: ,...eJ i: ?: . ) -?'= l~" r;; l:;~, .- 7. oW _ ';) 'C7~ ~ · :~~2"~ 31 ~~ :~~:~~.: - - --J'1;J f-- [I,~d - 4" '60 !:. ~.. .. i ~ V\ \~ ~ i i 61> i ~.., I ~ 160 & / I! ;:- i DREW S'RIEET i a , II! ! I! · ~; ~!!!l!ll · ~.I. II 'qJI i ... D. If ! ~ I 1ft '''' 0 u& ~ . 81~"::::'1\\l1 IIf It. ~ '~'~"='U III. I~ ~ lilt ~ ~ 1Of}~ I ~r 1M' IOf ~ III """",,,. t:. .' till we 101 ~ C I~ _ ~ III" ~ -~ If ~ ~ III" :Ii to~' . ~ --..:: ~ ~ :~, r :' . ---' . --"l '-JI a $I I I i ; ~ 16 ~ r- . t .... . i -...J i i l:l! tot T Ul~' HH n 10 ~u ~~ ~ 10 ~ $! l /, ], ~l iI t:!: t: !: :u ~ IS :: 1 6" 611 m 'ff $tD .IJ ... 51. SIS I ,... fM m ~._ ___.._______._ n_." Sl :i1 CULf TO BAY r'f!lll~~ ~t1 .~ i OllEW PlAZA I eo I $.R, 590 51 51 ~.tii i~ Iii 6C r -~Pf-lti j\ 0 U~iil! i ..1 ~~t~n i li~U g ~ ~ " '" fH :. ~~ II '''.' IfJl "' 1 IN : ~ -!!!! ~ 161 / '" u>> , IH ~~~ IU ~ IGS_ lad! WI ~ ... : 70# l'ct: :: ... - .~! II II It .. II lItI II ~_ .. It ::JIJ ~ .. ... 10 ,\~" l~~ n ..7: ~;m~ ?t~' ~ ~f--...1~if'''.1 ft ~ J/ J ,~ ~ .... .' . 7 . ~ ~ ~ ~I: -: ~ I...... . lit ...., .... ... ;~- ~~~E: ?: ~~ '~ () "'~ m. ~-m ~ .. I' t I ~ i ~ ~" I ~ ~. n: ,,~; r.lii~rF :: IllS I'-..... ~ ..................., :104 - I........... ,- ~I ~ -1= "" ~.., 1- ~II, _I I............... II' ~ ., --..111.... ......... "'" Ix : ~ ~,~ ~Ilfl\; :, ~~I o nn t eo ,. III ! I...!! Ao I "' IJO " to . H '~. 101 81.\'0. ( I . . ~ m ., .,. 1M II. ... &Il I I ... DREW [II ITIJMI m m - ... ~ I~ IN ... i I .; I , j;""~' ll~hi - It /I . . 0, J . II i r"'r : <~f.l ~ .. - 5 j;;;T /fit JILl!. ,. ". .... II> / NORlH :. · ~raI'i." 1 FDld . . ~ ~, rW&.~ 0 ,,1' J l ,. I ~ ~lrN" . ~ "'. . .~: >., ~~-~ : ~ " II t ~.. e .IJaI~ 10 " JClI ~1IIf .* oi ,. .. ~ ,. I"":" -: till tIH NIl I r\ ~ -:... :' ~ ~~.f; .. '''i~l~ "\.z -( I ~I': I"'-r: ~ ~ .!\"; m~ 11\1: -W I~ ,. ... ... -.!!!. - '::> III , In ~ If' '_II=: -lItH ..... ---.!!!. : fU [l!tl 411 r .10 _11W"1. I5l #3 - - 41D 411 1- I . f I~' , ~ i i .~ j - ..., r ~ ... I I.. I II ~ I ') Iffiiilllliilllll ! & I ~ ~ i Ii ~""'- ~ 1- = 1011 i 50 00 :il II $I ~ ~ 50 I ", 50 '10 . 50 - I . ; a ~~. 60 sa RAlIt180W OAIvE ... - 10' DR I rn - 11' ST II ~ m~ ~ 50 l] = Ill: I 10 1 I :JJ 50 s.R. 50 $I {50ft. eo) $ I i \ it i 10 J ~ GO j I ! ~ I" BliUUi I IIf 'u i '" IIIl '"~ It>> lit < IfIl ~ t6t ::II U at j!i lilt j!; ~ !i z z I ~ -~ STREET -1- I j!; ~ i .. .. N f.+-< o - Cl) ~ ~ ~ Os ~ U o a:3 e E-< f-< o Z 1-0 J3 "-' Q o "-' t'iS ~ "-' ~ 1-0 o ~ .~ ~ s o o ~ o 0lJ ta f-< ('0 'a $I Eo -0:: aI<( tlw u(/) IE ! .... $ t:D .~ !z - f1) >- :E ~ C<( ~~ >-w ~~ , ~ ... o 3:~ UZ ._ w -~ .a.... :'10:: 0..<( ,D.. W o $ CD fit fit aI .c !! ;!~ ~o 05 >-0:: :t::w O(/) w ~ o I ~ o (\0- "C CD E - as o I u CE Ot! -; I- -> CD -- m c..., tJ)CD Ce -- ..., ~U) CD:>- _: :E tJ)..., C- WC uas __ 0 :t::>- t!~ I-~ ~ <:: Cl- O~.e:J!! II!4JU:~ ~ ~ ~ W D.. .!;;'m Iii -€m ~ <( (I) iD aI c: ('. 'E Qj -(I) r3~ 6>- lEC: III III ...... -0 Cl- c:1/) 'iii 0:J c:I:T -(I) o~ -c: (1)'- lii~ "C1ll 'Ou <::u Ille UIll Ill~ (1)= ..clll "CCD -> ::::10 0'" .s:::.o. 1/)0. I/) III "C- (1)1/) :J 8.'- 1/)(1) (I)~ >:1'" ._ c: I III CDU U - xC: (I) (I) . . a:5 I/) c: c: ._ >0 u~1/) c: t'O (I) (I) "C:: .... 8.!.5 xEE CD::::IE Qj.s:::.o (I)"Cu ~(I)(I) 1/)(1)'" ~o.o ._ I/) E ()fD(I) >-t'O.s:::. c:.s:::.- t'Og'O -I/) ~I/)~ 0(1)_ ~.~ III ->(1) cO>... _"C1ll - o ~.!!! (I) Q) ... _ ~ .s:::..s:::.(I)(I) (I) o"C~"C--~.s:::. 0> E (I) ~ c: (l)aofD- !...cCl . (I) ~~ ..o~~- 0 - -~ ~. ~~ ... ". !I . ~ .~... ao. ~ '" ~ .. 0 .- 0 ~ a.'" .~ ~ ~ · ~ ~ II"C _:O:J c: 0> <:: _.s:::. c: ~ a - t'O I/) ... ... 0 ~. ;>0.:5'- - ~.=. ~~.~.'" ~ .2~ o.o~_.~ C .a ~o~1;l>'--~.-.o' .0 ;: ~ _-" ~.- ..!!.~ a~o..OO.&€O E 0.' ~a~a.oE a_~E ~.,_~8..-0~ ! ~~. ~p..~e" e~-~ ;=EE"".!! ..~_ ~~ a.. .;;~.EI-...O a,S j~~~~~~~;~~ ~~~~~.~ ~~~~!~~ ~~i~ 01ii- E Ill_ I/) 0 ~ 0 ~ ~ E(I) ~ ~ >-~T:" .a >= a. 'O:J ~ ~ E o~ '0 -g ~ g O~. _ _ ~ . 0 _ _. ~.; 0 -. 0 · · " i~I~~~~~g~~ ~~ ~o~~ ~g~~~~' ~C:(I)~ _.... ""_; Ill'" I/) U ._Ill' ~ E CDc:...rn'" 16 ,...,t'O>t'O ..~3.~ .~.~. Ee ",I-c ...o..~.ea. -".~ ... .O~ ._~ - .'" .1l. ~ ., · ~a ~cnD~"'15.~~I.' 3.t!l.~ ~,~....~~ Zi~'" _ _. . 0_. 0--.-.- O>~-~ -.EO> I! CD ~ (Q RCD =8 (I) ~ a. U ~ lE m -g >;.s:::. 0 .~.!!! u.5 0.011 c: 1ii &. "C _o~" .!:._~... .~0-03 a.'E. 0 .0.'" ~~>~~"'o~=8~~~ ~1ll€1~= 1ll1~~:~~~ l~i~ . _ _ ~ , ~ . _" ~ _ 0 _ . 0 "'~ ~ 0 0 0 ... · .- <( .~~~..._~"~'~ .0.2~L ~_Oo~ ... o!-E E CD 13'I..F ~.2.,g1O 0 ~~a..!!'. !1 0 ~EJ":: 0 li- 1= !i1 ~I-o~.. ..~~ 0._..... ..~1ii. ~ .-. '" e ofIJ~~"EIEE~~. ~-g~;o: ~Ee""!~ :!'o!o. '" CD..8 >.. 0.--. 0>' ",. 0000--'" .E-U~CD <( ~ . ..o~.... .D...~ ~"'-~ ~ ~- o;::~ II~ '" ,~~. _. ~ _ .. ~ . _ . 0 _ . .. ... 0 - '" a- gg~-;;~"'~s-ll~~ ;:;'l'J!:;1i~0,!1~15~:!!S .o~,.t. !$ ~ : .. ~.. !! ' " ~:!!" .. 0, e. -;; I-.E ~>.:;..o I o;;;,lj j;:h;; J!! ~, .._ 0 . _ 0 . ~ .' .. ~ ~ 0 0 - .... 0 · ~ Ii!! 1ii -.... 0 a · ~ t: CD ..c ~.!! .... 0 l! a (I) CD'" J 1i. - .!. c: oJ:: ulll 0 "C.... 0. ::::I ... Cl'tv ... aJ.s:::. I/).C: .gl II (I) c: U II) c:-.-... "C CD- ...,..... E .. tV ....c: a'- - en 0. viii:!!' 0 ~ o.~~' E ."'~~ 0 a~~-l!j;-:;.-' 0 E I- · S . e <3::o.! S ~ 15 ~.. j ~ ii ~! 'i 'Ii"ii ~ ~! -"''0 ~ l' 'Ii.~ ~ 'Ii ~ ;;j a ... "'.. ...10~. ,...._0"..1! .~~ E.a~-.o"~' .:!! . :;;: 0 Z E ~.E ~ ~ ~. .. ' 0 0 S ;; .,. · e ....~ fl ~ ~ E f- 1 ~ ~ ~ "S H P" ~ -;. 0 ": ~ ~ ~ ~ 51l:;. .. J ~ ~ ~ '. H ~ i ~ ~ .'E.~-~Ji..;;; 15~~E,,8:!'!1l.~{!~.~-~1!.". '" gs " . ~ ~ ,.'!! s 0. ~ ,,~8. . EO '" il J! 2 0 '5 'IE "... 3 .E ! 5 "" ~ ."- 0 0 ;.:;," ~ E ~ ~ ll. E E ... = · 0 ~~.l1. ~ a · j?.... ",I- -;; 15 · ~ I ~ ! : -:; E . ~ !I . '" .j; J! : i :!' ~,.. 0 ~ '" i ~ ll. 8C: ~.5 r:: Cl'g .E ~ o I/) oJ:: ~ = t'O c: rn"C (I) _ (I) E (I)'C 0> ,...s:::. (I) t'O t'O lI: 0 c: 15 0 c: lii c ..~.".,o E8~~ ..... a..::.._.~..--ao.".. I" ~_.'i"oao.. .o..~.~~.,"-o...g...' ,ii~ 2" .30= ~"," '" ~..' :.. - E a.a'" 0 c . 0 ~ ~ 0 - · ~.. ~_o " ~ 6 11.. : I! ~ ! ~ 2 <; '5 ~ ~ E a.ll J!,g ~ · ~ ~ : g;;;" ~ ~ ~ a ~ · g :'l .: a.S~~_ll.",00~0.0"",~,",:!-.:~01l00..0E";; ~. ~, ."'~ .._.. ~_e~o..~._~-~ .~"o.. 0: e ~.. ,; . I . E .. E g.~.!! ! !t;:: ...~ '" 0 ",...15 ! '.:1' · '" ...~ E ~ '" ~ w -li " Ii< _ E R . o,,:s" ~ . 0 0> 0 !! EE.5 c: 0> 16 "S:e cD ~ E::J a 0 8 (/) 2~a1 I "... 0 tl" '" ~ , 0 'll _ . ~ - I- - E.2 E 0 ~ -. 0 .. - · oo~-.., . .._..o.-~ 15o_.0.~.st;..';0 6- il']1~~ E~~ E~~'~= ~~1~:B 0 g 8 $'" .lIi.!! ~~ ~s.. ." . .0.11..0.0" SE'." ~:g'l1.e.r--~.~;"l!. .1 ~ .<'l.llo" 8"~ ~~ ~ f: >.. 0 !lli'~ :;,,-,; .<l5'l ~u If E i! v5 ~...~ 8 _ _. ~ ~a..l!ii~ >- 0,. ~o 0 - H . _ ....&..~z~~,:...~o~~ ~~~ rn(Q~:5t'O~Ea. o'~ .. ftJ I j5'O . =~ ~ ~o o ~8 ~.... /Io ~ Z Gi&g'Q.UJ 1ii III 'C: IV 1:: ~.!;;Q)~o El!~==g. 00'-00:: ti5Ulg' Q) Qi w ::0 ell 0 j ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'ii (/) E ;; w 0 .r: ~ III 4J (/) -::t o o N --- - ~ ~ ] ..s::: o Q o rn t'iS ~ o Q oJ !=: "s ~ o 01 ~ 1-0 ~ rn ~ o ~ .~I - .D ;::2 ~ +=l o~ --- S o o ~ 0lJ ta ~ ':-: 0- ~ N Co+-< o ....... QJ ~ ~ ~ 'S (d U Q ij3 = ~ , en ~ l5 ::: .~ ~ g Q ~ 01) <<i ~ Q .: e::J: _0 cao:: u< ~W ._ (I) := l! ~ , III ~~ Ow ~Z ~ .a ::s 0.. '< I~ IIIW III<.? ~< .! ;! - 0(1) ~!z uW ::ii I- 0:: < 0.. W o en W o 5 0:: W en E l! 0) e a.. 0) c "- E - ftI "" 0 g'u "r:: IE ZI! ct- -- O)"ii c.- wl: UCD 5::2 ClUJ '- CD I-fl:: W ::ii o ::J: ~ () ~ 0 :2 ~ .r: U 41 U >-lE >lElISe Q)lISE- ~;:; :t: -0 :; ;, .!! g OGlllS.r: o.....U... c~w.8 41.- .... -& .s ~ &.- Gi8~~ 'E~lIS - o 'ij C !. .~ 50 E .sE<<i~ Gl~5V !! J:;; 'r;; 0) 1;)~= !. _CllSW :! ! ! .. clIS<:Sl 0) 0- .... ~!:~ ~~CGl .....4)11I- OtIJ"O- _41'.5 Gl E Gl'- "O.r:D::rII lISu I~ E;~Q. .s.r:~~ i ~v> lIS EO~.a ~E~c clIS 0 tIJ .tV+> .r:E-o~ C:l :l O)ECtr .P 'c,g C ~.- lIS'- EE=.B iii ~ -m z ;; .z .5 -; e tIJ ~ 0) ~::.:-:f;: 0....0)- Gl:t:i-go :6 .5 u 5 .!! ::c .E '8 qj =_O)~ ;:,~ _G...J::.....- c: Q..2> lii Gl 'E rII E c:6 iiGl~8" u:6= Gl C uGlo....lIS IE .~ .~ ~ iii' Ii! -0 E ;:, J!! I- -"UU = .s rJ.~.u '0 lii .fIJ af= ~!:; _0 UI (J) l...: lISO)tIJ .r:u- .!!ea iiGi8. 1-1- oc~ _00) E"O E lISGl41 ....tS~ ~20) ....-Cl /Ll'!E 0100 .~ 0 u ~!~ lIStlrII O~lIS u~.r: lEuE lIS.- lIS '=~a lIS" 0 "t:= 01 Q. . .s.~Cl! rIIE.r:lIS --0) .s5&::>- lISuCl~ ~ii::6.!! ._ lIS Cl - Q)J:;;u(<< .r:_C- ;fCi5C1l 0);;: .:6 >Gl"O ._ .r: ~ .E ~ -_0:::0 CU> CD 0Q)0)~ U Q) Gl 1;)......2 .... _;:, E ;;:Q)rII- .....otIJ ZO)go I C'- - cv~~ ~ ijcc... =OCVO> lIS .GlW 1-,S;:'lIS _ClC.r: oO)Glrll ~.;;~B o"O.r:~ Q)g~'6 5.r:(J)C .occv ~.QQ)u ~~JI cO)CIlO _coOls.. ~ag>..B"'lII oi:;;:;;O::.!! illS Clg>illJ~_" ::J: :1.L1I5~IlI'C::iit-'.. ~_c W ~: &'=(1) 0...5a ti !;;;.Si:~E:; ~Ji ~~ g>enCllwo c( w 1i .r. .. u ::J e ~ E E '" e I- ~ I- CIlfIJ 5.-g'0 ....C.-" c.: 0 .... C ~:g~.2 CIl 2.E C _.... 010 ~~i'8 s8-gS .!! ! tV ~ ~ij 8 :.cji-g "0 - E cv c!C0 CVo~~ i i"~ ~ 'c.r:_ 0 7;;t::o", ~t!~E !. ,OQ) .r:.r:Cl 01 '" ....;:,cv" ,20"Q) CIl.r:CGl _ ..... <( C III E . Q) flJCl"2.r: .;1i~~ Q)~~CIl J:;; 0. 4= ClOCl ~ 'ijj:6 ~ ~ :6.s~~ i511'ij Cl+=>.go ~.:!tV'fl .s~ClIS e0l5a. ~.~_.5 flJE~5 -g rJ 6- '6 ou!~ t l{i OI~ -8 .b.!: c .r:IllE~ 01 -45 .~ :i 5 .... c.8 o~ lii aJ lfii aJ OCll,bE E1; ~>- _._~:aJ OClOCIlE J!&.iiClO i~o5qj "Oiic:p:i5 'w::s - e tIJ Q) 0"" CIl = ....CIlCl"aJ lii ClO >.- > O_ollOtV G>>CQ) :!E ~.E 8 lii DI t: 'r;; ! " "'0 <II C . :o~ ~:8 .2" :E~ CIl= .0;; 00 -Cl Zii "'fIJ :::JCl ".... 8-5 e~ 0.0 - ... 00. Gim "'Cl 'Eii III - "..... cO <110 liN <II Q)- i5 .r:' ClOt: ~~ 7;; .!! tl> ClOQ) tV'" .c:>- 0l'E C G> 'C 0 Q)Q) CIl.... c- '0.8 ill:!E ozj lEfIJ lIS II) ...;:, 1-0" .CIl Ill'" COI Oc ClO'- <liE CIl- ~rJ ClOU II)lE :Sf! ...- 0- u..<<i "E CIl- 00- <IICCD..: '6' 01-- III ~,cl '0 E!l:; III 0) 15 l:; ... !II''''' 2 O,t,OlCD EU)Jje o~~! i'.eii::- .. 2' e!..... In ,,0 " '_ CD ---eO! ~ 16 i- ~ ~oiUU) iii'~ 0 i 0. \1 ~CI) ~ .t:: 1:1 . "i''ti~"i ,a-"e;- c::SCD~ Gl i.c: O! jj"-CD fIJ.2.Q~ ~S1;j- i;;::~2 c4i:t:!~ .~Q. , E :~Js ~e)C::~ '3! 01 ! ,~i CD ,XSEl:;- 1;j<~~ ~', <II E~a~ c<:1:IlJJ ~<<i~": 1;; 1::.1 ~ a,eIl::liQ) eIl:2 ~ ' a:il ~~~i.! >. "0 .a lit S c: o :g i ~ , ! l - 0) .:!!.!! = Gi5.2 .Q:e" ~+-O) o !:g ___ 0) III "':6 Cl i-.Q >--"0 ~~: ClOO~ lo:: C.- 'X'E~ Q)- ~ C 0'" - CIl Q) 5Y! 'Olfili ~~.! IllfIJ.... 1;j... ....- Cllll<ll :6 ~~ !~~ ,2ClO0 ,8;;:;;: ,,":'X Q)CIlQ) >l::C .~ ~:5 !~'01i .!! -c; "t:= = c-tVOl o".E ~:81~ !.<lI::O l~i~ :li~ 0) li .~ .0 :6!oiii ~tl!~ S tV o &. N . t tit c: I i ILl U , .. I- ~ j j '8 C o t: OC :pill IllE e. .2~ .~ !. tS - . ~~~ 8,g 5 _aJ- ~:i.!! :Ii- 01- OIl!: C cC" "C 8'- 3l~ ~ Ciii- a~ 0 ClI).... W:2.! .Y III E 'Ii .e E ~~" _... C .fie ell ;:, CIl""':: _"c ClO.U 0 .s00 c",fIJ o -" :eli liE - Q.;:'ClO Q)o~ fi><II 00. rillE . ~tV.!! .~J:;; g ~ cD ij .... " III ~!;- o ClOP! Cl _.2 .r: &I III ....~... ...."tI CIl CIlllli ~ ~=OI -.::t o o N - 00 ~ v ] .::: oil c::: "s <<! Q u' ~ .e ri'.l .!.l: ~ .~' :g ~ ':;::3 C 'u ] u ~ bIl a1 ~ :-, g- .::: ~ ~ 4-< 0 0 0 ~ ~ - t"'- V ~ 0() ~ ~ p... :r: 0 0:: ~ _ -0 i l/) c ai .sgc -~ 0 CIl ct'O (/)-- CIl ~~ ::J- t'O -gGlm t'O -0 . E-o (/) o € (/) o.~G) CIl gp. >-::J -0 ~ CIl.~ .2 Cl~ "O....CIl t'OO C o.C~ CIl >-0 ~CIl~ 3:3: t'O ~ -0 -E 0 ~~~ .c._ -0-0 W r= ~-c: 2~.sg t'O C CIl W t'OCDo. -t'OO elO E z -oQ)~ je~ c-c CIlC ::J CD-O ~ ~~ .c.~ (5 ~-.c. ~-g ~ ._ 0-- -a. > ij- (/)"t)(/) Cl"C -c t'O ~ CDt'OCD W .... ::J :0 ';j :0 CCD .!! ~.8 $wGl .2(/) -0 CIl _-- t'O CCD(/) .c.:;::;.c. t'OO CIl <( -t'O- (/)0. Sl-E CIl 'a~ ! .c.(/)3: a. 0 _0 (/) z .t:-~o C:;:> :::I _CO C .... E W::J"tV .~ ::J= CIla. C w Il~ (/)(/)E o - CIl Cl.!! t'O -0 CD 0 C> CIl-- !E(/)- -iij€ 1) <( ~& ..c;..L=:; >-Cl .!:: cB !a _I- 0 t'O~c Qj~-o 8- in D._ ~ 01-0 ~ -- CD a. Qj GlCD oi CIlE _5 E t'O.!::.!:: 1t .~ (ij ECD.c. €g "'. -01ijU- t'O € Cl 'Ot'O CIl ... .E ~~ ... =-00 - . ~::; 01 c ~ClO __ C CIl>- t'O-O .!! 0 ~~ CD -0-:;:> ....CD ::JO ~ l/) ~~_E E 'C c_ CIl 'CIl o.c. -0 l- -g"'" -I: E o 'tiS CIl o.CGl E:::: t'O.c. ..J _!:: z ..~ Q. .2~E >.... 100- 0 -~,..x :E! ....t'O CIlO W "'0 O-t: B 'i GlCll15 CIlCllo. oS =..0 ~ CIl ~ c- ....0... ~.c. ':? .~a :0 I- j~ CIl Cl 0 > =0 Q. ~ g' g t'O 0:: S _!:: l{i CD -0-3: Cl-- .- 'i <( il '0 'Og~ cCO It):p'fl _!:: ~ ~ Q.. ~E.t:- c CDO= 1'--10 0 > w ~, o.~ ~ CD - 0 -- ::J ....CIl t'O 0 Glt'OCl l\J C(/).... CD.c. =Uli 1i B Gl ..0 a ';; c o - ~- -.: .!! 1. CIlOC :.!:: -o~ 'fl"E ~ c .- 0 a.. .s 60 80-- ii -CIl !Et'O €cCl 2Bg at 0 Cl- ....., t .c..= C a. c i C-o Gl .1: ClIO~ (/)0;;;: cQlt'O-o 1;) Cl.c. WCIl ~ I~ C .... ~ C) '1: I- _ Ql -0 3: t'Os-g ~ c.!:::~ ::I 01;; - QlIOQl 8 "fi~1: III 0= ii r:: fD ... 1i. CIl (/)'- 00 E lECIl ~ (/) "",0 ~~~ c :l.PJ.!! c a;':!: -s; ~ Cl a. -0 .. > t'O(/) .- -0 W .0 8 CD CD Ql .... B. Ql ....CIl E U 0 ::t- '01 <( fD .... a. ::J 0 .... ep Ct'OCIl 1-.... C ~~ C _.c. cDl tsC- :5! a~ep.c. =cg c a. - t'O 5 - wt'OO.... '0 ept'O~ ! ::J.... "0 0 wep - 0 0:: l!!w S at ""l\JCIl C CIl ..0- '0.3.... c 1; >-..0 ca OJ W ::s . C .2 c CIl .c. l\J 'O'~a o B _ c:: GlQlo. l\J ~= c:: l/) aHlI .d :sii ~ CIl .... "C ....cuGl .I: 8"Cj~ III "fi....o C ::I 0 :p 6~ oil ~:E!.E CIl ~ o.::Jo ... '2 c 0 a- o~ ~ C CD C (/) "C - Q ... ! I- I "tV lOac j t'O"Siep B Qli~ i :g III N(/) Uu.. ~ '> cCIl8 c ..... :t:: U -0 ~i .- b ~ a: ~~ ! CIloCll Q ~-g15..E ~ .... U ::I ~ ....::J .- CIl E c ~ 6, CIl a- ep 1/1 N 't: c:: lIl.g a; ~c.c. j c.c.CIlE ,. ~~ :t: E ~= Cd 0 05 a.o '0 81- O~:58 m'w:5 1i lC 8 0 Ii 01 0() 't: 'i "'6 c 0 e '1: Q. t u: . ~ , Q. , u: 0 Q. . a. w 0 ~ I- ~ . I- ~ 's eo; .. Iri cD ....: cD cD 1': o ~D La N ~ ~ o~ '-' U 0 ::J ll.U ~ 0 . . o is m 0 0 CIl ..lol: '-' S N .c. .OI:N 0 I- rto ~I ~ '-' E-- 0 .- m i ~ 0 :s:: ~ ':;::l .~ ~ .- - 0 .g - E p... 0 0 E ~ 0 01) 0 ca ~ ~ 0() g- ca i E-< .d I l_ Chapter 9. Recommendations With quantitative and qualitative analytical processes, good public policy can be formulated to ensure that the overall needs of the public are met. This approach allows for all elements of the local government to rectify their policy differences prior to public introduction and implementation. In addition, citizens, residents, and policy makers can be provided with the results of the analyses so that they too are in a better position to make informed, prudent and reasonable decisions. Comprehensive analyses ensures that sound public policy, rather than conflicting policy, is rendered for the citizens and eliminates embarrassment to the policy makers. A set of recommendations has been formulated from the findings and discussion of this professional report for the City of Austin policy makers as well as the policy makers of other communities who have been or likely will be embroiled in this debate. These recommendations are not listed in any particular order of priority or preference. 186 Recommendation #1: Avoid other policy conflicts prior to adopting a traffic calming policy/program by requiring each local government department to conduct a comprehensive policy analysis containing their respective impact statements. An in-depth review by all the affected service departments of the proposed policy at the incipient stage is extremely critical. Too often, many cities have hastily approved and implemented traffic calming programs that resulted in a policy controversy they did not expect. Unfortunately, many of these conflicts originated within another service department of the same local government after implementation. Such an analysis should weigh all of the positive and negative impacts of the policy as included in pre-established departmental impact statements. From these identified impacts, analytical methodologies should be developed to measure the impacts. Policy approvals should be obtained, at a minimum, from the departments of public works, law, risk management, environmental protection, and the emergency services Recommendation #2: Verify that a legitimate problem exists, not a perceived problem. Often there is a perceived danger by residents within neighborhoods when in fact the traffic characteristics fall within in the norm. Due to this, 187 care should be taken to not prematurely respond to a small vocal group based solely upon their observations. Extensive field analyses should be performed to properly validate the problem. Aggressively responding to small groups without verification can cause a much greater opposition group to arise in the end. A full-scale validation should include, but not be limited to the following: · Traffic volume analysis: This should be measured for a wide area in order to determine what volume levels exist and to evaluate if the traffic will shift to another area. · Traffic Sneed Analysis: This should verify that there is a substantial amount of traffic exceeding the posted speed limits. New 85th percentile surveys should also be conducted during this process. Local governments should not rely on data surveys older than two years old to properly assess the current situation. · Accident Studie~: These should be conducted, but verified with caution as there are many factors that contribute to accidents that are not related to traffic calming. This is particularly true as accidents occur infrequently on neighborhood streets. 188 · Significant Sample Sizes: All data collections should have large sample sizes to ensure statistical soundness. Caution for data inferences should be exercised with small samples. · Limited Confidence Inferences: Contributing factors to accidents, along with speed and volume data, varies from locale to locale; approach with limited confidence in drawing safety impact improvements; do not rely heavily on other jurisdictional studies. · Before & After Studies: Be sure that the parameters of the "before" data is exactly the same for measuring the "after" data, i.e. traffic count locations, radar locations, time and day of week, etc. Failure to follow precise measurement parameters lead to skewed and questionable results. · Establish Pedestrian Accident Frequencies: The infrequency of these accidents within neighborhoods is often not factored into the scope of the problem. Specifically, pedestrian accident rates occurring only upon residential streets should be evaluated. Pedestrian accident data involving major thoroughfares should be discarded and not included in an analysis. Failure to remove this data will lead to exaggerated reporting of the actual situation within neighborhoods. 189 Recommendation #3: Require neighborhoods to submit a petition with at least 60 to 75 percent of the residents confirming their desire for traffic calming devices. Many times the effort to obtain traffic calming relief is spearheaded by the leadership figures of local neighborhood associations. Soon after they start the process, opposition begins to develop to a level greater than anticipated. Some people quickly find themselves opposing the plan when they fmd out a device will be placed in front of their house rather than someone else's house. To ensure there are no ''neighborhood backfires", local governments would be well advised to require these neighborhood associations to strongly commit "up front" to this effort. Signatures on a petition of an overwhelming number, such as 60 to 75 percent ofthe neighborhood, would help bind residents of their stance. Such an endorsement also serves to protect the policy maker from undue scrutiny. Recommendation #4: Evaluate the full impact to emergency response times to all citizens. It is imperative that local governments fUlly know and predict what will happen to their emergency services response times. Several fire department studies have documented the delays due to specific traffic calming devices. Most cities have the data available to conduct a medical service 190 analysis for cardiac arrest iflentical or similar to thetBowman model. With these tools, policy researchers can now establish good baseline measurements for the delays and predict potential impacts that could be expected for the community. In addition, more information is now becoming available regarding the extent of injuries to firefighters and paramedics. Strong consideration must be given to ensuring that their work environment, like the neighborhoods, is as safe as possible. The aspect of predicted fleet damage should also be included in the emergency response assessment Recommendation #5: Evaluate the full environmental impact to the air quality of the area. Traffic calming devices contribute to air pollution. Prior to implementing a traffic-calming program, each local government should obtain verification from their respective state agency that this program will not violate any of the air standards established by that agency or other state or federal agencies. In addition, the local government should evaluate all of the it air quality grant funded programs to ensure they are not in violation of anf previous agreemen~. By accepting the funding, most local governments also agree to adopt policies and programs that do not contribute to air pollution within their area. Failure to receive any of these confirmations could 191 jeopardize existing funding and cause undue fiscal hardship upon the citizens as well as political embarrassment. Recommendation # 6: If a traffic-calming program is established, ensure that a "worlcing group" of residents from the neighborhood is assembled to work with Cit'J' staff to develop a traffIC plan. Working by the side of City staff members, neighborhood residents can help identify problem areas as well as establish alternatives to rectifying the problem. The City staff should include public works officials as well as representatives from the emergency services. The neighbomood group should consist of more than just the leadership group of the neighborhood association. This group should be a cross section of the neighbomood with representatives from different streets, and with a limitation of those from the same street, as well as those who would not necessarily be proponents of traffic calming devices. These have to be consensus people, meaning not those in the majority who agree, but rather, those who accept the plan even though they may not fully agree with the plan. 192 Recommendation #7: Conduct thorough legal risk assessments, not just authorizations. Too often questions of legality are limited to verifYing that the local government has the authority to implement traffic calming devices. The local governments rarely properly evaluate other potential jurisprudence issues. As more and more risk studies are developed, as the one contained in this report for Austin, Texas, there is a clearer confirmation that response delays do occur. Knowingly and voluntarily continuing to con1ribute to a deteriorating situation can only lead to increased liability risks for the emergency services. Local governments who elect to install traffic calming devices should take extra measures to ensure safe legal ground regarding the Americans with Disabilities Act. These governments shouJd conduct bio-medical and engineering studies to validate that traffic calming devices are safe and pose no hazard to those with disabilities. Recommendation #8: Traffic calming devices should not be used for treating symptomv of traffic problemY. Take actions to eliminate the root cause of the traffic problem. A good analysis will reveal the primmy cause of the traffic concern.. Once identified, permanent remedies should be incorporated to fully remove 193 the problem. If a problem truly exists, then drastic measures such as a street closing may be the cure in order. Speed humps and diverters will not be the best answer to a continuing nagging problem. Failure to effectively eliminate the problem will result in disappointment from most residents. If drastic measures are not taken, then traffic calming measures should be limited to severely warranted locations. such as neighborhoods close to fteeways. Neighborhoods of high crime are other good candidates for traffic calming, as the benefit of reducing the crime and restoring the neighborhood has a greater justified benefit than those of low crime areas. Policy makers should make sure that a ttaffic solution on one street doesn't move the problem to an adjacent street. Perhaps a better-cost benefit would be utilizing traffic-calming funding to expedite the construction of larger arterials. This directly addresses the root problem, as commuters would stay off the neighborhood streets in preference for adequate arterials. Recommendation #9: Emergency service departments should have the authority to disallow traffic calming plans that will adversely impact their response service delivery. Emergency service officials should not be allowed to reject traffic calming plans just because ''they don't like traffic calming." Reasonable 194 justifications should be given. However, local governments should refrain from restricting emergency service officials from having the ability to disallow plans when warranted. Presently, the City of Austin emergency service departments are not allowed to "veto" any traffic-calming plan. If a proposed traffic calming plan causes a severe negative impact to service delivery, these departments currently must abide by the desires of a few citizens, which subsequently impacts the whole community. This situation erases all accountability to the remainder of tile public. Good policy development should have checks and balances to ensure the overall benefit to the society. In addition, this condition sets up a natural conflict within the local government, whereby the public works department can dictate their engineering designs for the placement of devices for traffic effectiveness, yet the fire or EMS department is not allowed to modify a plan that jeopardizes their selVice delivery. Recommendation #10: When a traffic calming policy is adopted, make sure that it is balanced. As resources are allocated for traffic calming projects that increase response times, equal resources should also be implemented for improving 195 response times. Local governments should ensure that visible actions are taken to offset the downsides of traffic calming. Funding the remote electronic traffic control systems, such as the Opticom™ systems, is a good alternative to counter slower response times. Revising station location policies, by making them closer to each other, also compensates for the delays caused by the devices. Recommendation #11: Prohibit the installation of traffic calming devices on streets of fire station locations or primary response routes. The greatest controversy erupts when devices are placed upon streets of fire station locations and the respective primary emergency response routes. The concern here is that one neighborhood's desire is negatively impacting someone who lives in an adjacent neighborhood now with a longer response time for emergency service. Restricting traffic calming devices on primary response routes does not impact the service to other neighborhoods and thus, greatly diminishes this debate, which in turn reduces opposition. Therefore, traffic calming devices should be allowed on streets whereby one does not have to travel upon to get to another neighborhood. Although there are no national standards for traffic calming devices, there is a published guideline by the Institute of Traffic Engineers that 196 addresses the installation of these devices. That guideline specifically recommends that traffic calming devices not be but upon the roadways or streets of fire station locations or primary response routes. City of Austin officials should move to adopt that position. Recommendation # 12: Require that traffic-calming programs for neighborhoods be voted upon and approved by a super majority of the reside~. To ensure a high level of public support, and a diminished level of dissatisfaction with the local government, all proposed traffic calming programs of neighborhoods should be approved with an overwhelming majority of residents. If the problem is legitimate and validated, then a large majority of residents will be willing to endorse the plan. Ifthe problem is not as severe as perceived, then the chance of passage is much less. Based on this, local governments should require that approval for all neighborhood plans should be based on a two-thirds or three-fourths approval. In many instances, less than 25 percent of the ballots are returned casting a vote. One can easily see that only a few people casting an affirmative or negative vote can well control the balloting. Establishing super majority approval levels helps reduce any controversy that could develop later whenever a simple majority threshold is tabulated. Such a large approval 197 margin helps reveal the true sentiments of the residents, again allowing for better policy acceptance. Recommendation #13: Require objective evidence of material traffic problems before using traffic calming devices. Most communities use the 85th speed percentile mark to measure acceptable speed limits. Local governments should tie their installation requirements to pre-established thresholds for speed and volume. For example, a city might not install any devices unless the 85th percentile was at least 5 mph over the posted speed limit. Another example may be 2,000 vehicles per day would make a street eligible for some type of diversion device. The establishment of these types of standards would allow traffic calming devices only where they would be fully warranted. Recommendation #14: Do not allow neighborhood project areas to have an established entitlement budget for a project. Local governments that choose to have traffic calming programs should not allow citizens to pick and choose devices with accompanied budget limitations. Rather, they should obtain the device(s) that will yield the J>IBt 198 result. When finance entitlements are introduced or revealed, citizen groups of neighborhoods have a tendency to try and solve the money problem "of making sure we get all that we are entitled to" by attempting to get the most devices rather than properly selecting and solving the traffic problem. Recommendation #15: Ensure that true public hearings are held for proposed trqffic calming plans within neighborhoods to ensure openness for public debate and decision-making. A formal public hearing format should be conducted within the neighborhood prior to residents voting upon a traffic-calming plan. This type of an established forum should be presented so that residents can hear first hand the advantages and disadvantages of traffic calming. Local government staff and policy makers should be on hand to help answer questions. Although one can expect tremendous debate at such a hearing, the resident will be exposed to more information to make an informed decision with, whether that information be pro or con. Local governments should not adopt the "openhousa" forum used by the City of Austin. This forum allows only those with specific questions to come and visit with City staff or the members of the neighborhood committee who formulated the plan. They are not offered the opportunity to hear from 199 those who may support/oppose the plan, nor is there an opportunity for those directly supporting/opposing the plan to address the remainder of undecided residents. A true public hearing forum, allowing all sides to be heard, is a basic principle of a free, open, participative, and democratic government. Recommendation #16: Evaluate and manage traffic calming programs with meaningful performance measurements. Quality public policy programs of today must be constantly measured to determine their effectiveness and benefit. Traffic calming programs should be no exception. Traffic calming may be effective for the first six months or year after installation, but how does it compare two or three years later? This monitoring should be on going. Of greater importance, is the establishment of success thresholds. What makes a successful traffic-calming program? Local governments should establish definitive methodologies that establish meaningful results. For example, the City of Austin desperately needs to modifY their current measurement tool of reducing speed in project neighborhoods by 20 percent. At a posted speed of30 mph, that is 6 mph. One would be hard pressed to consider that a meaningful result since the legal speed is set at 30 mph. However, this performance measurement could be meaningful when speeds 200 are 40 mph on a neighborhood street instead of the posted 30 mph. Care should be taken to only report the reductions where they are above the speed limit. Recommendation #17: Conduct follow-up surveys one year after the installation of devices to determine the satisjiJction level of the residents. One of the central goals of traffic calming is to improve the quality of life and livability of the neighborhoods. However, very few cities if any attempt to measure this value. Failure to collect such data, could lead to continuance of a program that is viewed as another local government program that does not meet the needs of the people. Conversely, if the results of these surveys are positive, then strong reinforcement is established for the program to continue. Sustained public approval is a cornerstone for good public policy. Therefore, it is extremely important to measure resident satisfaction long after "newness" of the project wears off. 201 . Traffic Calming Programs & Emergency Response: A Competition of Two Public Goods by Leslie W. Bunte, Jr., B.S. Professional Report Presented to the Faculty ofthe Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Public Affairs The University of Texas at Austin May 2000 Diagonal Diverter This particular device is placed diagonally across an intersection with the design intent to interrupt traffic flow across the intersection. As a result, this installation is very effective for cut-through traffic and maintains a continuous routing ofvehic1es. However, because there is no opposing traffic, actual increased turning speeds by motorists can occur. As shown in Figure 2.2, this diverter could also increase trip lengths for some inconvenienced residents. Figure 2.2 Diagonal Diverter I I :a I I I P aCD CCD 24 Semi-Diverter Whenever there is a desire to physically block one direction of traffic at a certain point on a two-way street, a semi-diverter traffic-calming device is selected similar to the one in Figure 2.3. In effect, this prevents vehicles from turning, or forcing a turn, depending upon the desire. Cut through traffic is reduced, but there is not a 100% compliance with all drivers, particularly when no on-coming traffic is encountered. Again, trip lengths could increase for some residents depending on the location of the semi-diverters. Figure 2.3 Semi-Diverter I I .~: I I I I __~I~I~_- Source: City ofBoulderNTMP Toolkit 25 Turn Prohibitions Based on the same principle as the semi-diverter, the turn prohibition device is used when only a specific turning movement is desired on one particular street. This design, as shown in Figure 2.4, is very useful when only one street of the intersection experiences more traffic than the others, or when there is a need to eliminate two-way traffic conflicts. This device too, can have a detrimental effect on the access of the neighborhood to some residents. () CICa Figure 2.4 Turn Prohibitions I PI: :Efl I I I ~ i!) I.....-UI' aICD -------- CD I :~ I Source: City of Boulder NTMP Toolkit 26. Speed Control Devices Using the erratic forces of acceleration and braking to slow vehicles are the objectives of most speed control devices. These forces occur as a result of vertical, horizontal or narrowing deflections to the paths of travel. As with volume control devices, these installations have benefits as well as drawbacks to their intended objectives. Horizontal Speed Controls The horizontal speed controls devices have no vertical elevations within their design. They are designed to cause the driver to decelerate in order to generally maneuver from side to side, or in different directions, to successfully pass through the device. Here, the objective is to incorporate abnormal lateral forces that require the driver to reduce the speed of travel without losing control of the vehicle. Tmffic circles and chicanes are the two most common types of the horizontal speed control devices. 27 Traffic Circles Of all the horizontal devices, the traffic circle is probably the most controversial. These are raised circular medians located in the middle of a four-way intersection that requires drivers to travel in a counter-clockwise direction to reach the desired continuation street of the intersection. When properly constructed, no vehicle can travel through the intersection in a straight line as is depicted in Figure 2.5. Generally, the cars are required to "yield upon en1ry", thus granting the right of way to the cars already within the circle pattern. Traffic circles increase the confusion and danger for street crossing by pedestrians and bicyclists. Figure 2.5 Traffic Circles 31an --iD--- .. ---~-- ~ ~iQ~ -..........- .......__ _all. Source: City of Boulder NfMP Toolkit 28 Stop Signs As most know, the red hexagonal sign containing the message to "stop", as depicted in Figure 2.7, is a traffic command established by the entity having jurisdiction. The putpose of stop signs is to designate the right of way of traffic at intersections. They are very useful when a low volume street intersects with a high volume street or for intersections with equal volume. If there is not enough traffic at the intersections then compliance will usually not be compelled. Many transportation officials argue that the signs do not decrease the average speed and therefore they do not support their use as a speed control tool. Figure 2.7 Stop Signs Source: City of Boulder NfMP Toolkit 30 Vertical Speed Controls This device sub-category generates the most displeasure with the citizens who frequently use the roadways. The increased acceleration and braking that is necessary to traverse these vertical impediments causes speed interruptions while traveling upon the roadway. The ascent and decent of these elevated devices can cause discomfort for the passengers as well as maintaining the control of the vehicle unless they are crossed at lower speeds. Speed humps, speed cushions, and raised intersections are the more commonly type vertical speed control devices found in communities with traffic mitigation calming plans. In general terms, the speed hump is the most economical type of vertical speed control device. As a result, this is often the most utilized device in traffic calming schemes. Emergency services particularly object to these devices as they contribute to delayed response times and cause repeated mechanical stresses to the suspensions of emergency vehicles. They can also increase noise and air pollution. 32 Speed Humps Speed humps are wave-shaped paved humps in the street as illustrated in Figure 2.9. The height ofthe hump determines how fast a vehicle can traverse the device without causing discomfort to the driver or damaging the vehicle. Discomfort and the feeling of being "out of control" increases as the speed attempt increases. Without a doubt, speed humps are the most controversial traffic-calming device. Generally, the height of most humps is about four inches. They are usually 12 to 22 feet wide. Figure 2.9 Speed Humps --------- ~ -=::t :.. <<::D -::::::J wo! -=::J . [Jco~ Source: City of Boulder NTMP Toolkit 33 Speed Cushions On a similar concept as the speed hump, speed cushions are designed to have a minimal impact to emergency response vehicles. Rather than extending the full width ofthe roadway, speed cushions partially cover the roadway. These devices, as shown in Figure 2.10, consist of either recycled rubber or asphalt, raised about 3 inches in height. The length ofthe cushion is about 10 feet. The spaces between the cushions allow emergency vehicles to partially straddle the device. Thus, these vehicles can traverse this device easier and faster than the speed hump. Figure 2.10 Speed Cushion Source: City of Austin Public Works & Transportation Department 34 Center Median The width of the street is reduced when a median is placed longitudinally along the center of the street. This in turn narrows the path of travel for on- coming lanes as shown in Figure 2.13. The addition of landscaping can also add to the effect of a narrow passageway. This often restricts all parking where the medians may be placed. Figure 2.14 Center Median ea. c:ICil ~ fJ Source: City of Boulder NfMP Toolkit 39 As a result, the passenger type automobiles used by police departments do not generally experience significant delays in emergency responses when confronted by speed humps. Police cars have the ability to heavily accelerate between speed humps to compensate for lost time crossing over the humps. Of the three major emergency services, fire and EMS departments experience much greater response delays due to traffic calming devices as compared to their counterparts in the police departments. The actual response delays for fIre apparatus will vary due to their size and type when responding to an emergency. One must also remember that the delay in responses for EMS uni1s can have a double jeopardy. Unlike the police and fIre departments, emergency responses for EMS units are not just a one-way trip to the emergency scene. In most instances, their services require a return trip of traversing traffic calming devices while transporting patients to the nearest hospital. So, the overall impact for EMS is signifIcantly higher than for any of the other emergency setVices. Fire departments use many different types of apparatus within their fleets to carry out their missions. Most utilize heavy truck type designs. iCompared to automobiles, fire trucks have a longer wheelbase, stiffer suspensions, and heavy gross vehicle weigh.. Pumper and tanker type fire trucks carry various large volumes of water (between 500 to 2000 gallons), 43 which weigh many tons. Ladder trucks, which have the largest wheelbase, carry large steel, aerial extension ladder devices (75' to 135' in length) which obviously are also very heavy. With these physical features, fire apparatus operators must greatly reduce their speeds to safely traverse vertical speed humps and to negotiate very tight turning radiuses of traffic circles, chicanes, or deflector type devices. In addition, most fire apparatus are not adept for quick acceleration or de-acceleration extremes. Thus, they struggle severely to regain normal cruising speeds between devices. EMS vehicles too are genetally of a heavy truck type of design. Although they are not as heavy as ftre trucks, they contain a large box type compartment for transporting patients and medical crews. This box conftguration is unusually tall, quite bulky, and thus has a high center of gravity. Due to this design, when maneuvering over or through traffic calming devices, the EMS unit has a great tendency to severely shift from front to rear or side-to-side. Obviously, this type of transport condition can have very detrimental effects upon cardiac patients or severe trauma patients, i.e. bone fractures. There have also been reports that EMS personnel have been 1D18ble to successfully begin cardio-pulmonary resuscitatioD {CPR), intravenous medications, or intubate patients while traversing traffic calming devices.2 44 Although the delay in response time has been the focus of most opponents of traffic calming devices, there are some other severe, negative peripheral issues to fire and EMS emergency responses. Two of these issues warrant notation as they relate to both safety and additional direct costs for traffic calming programs. FirefighterlParamedic Injuries There have been documented cases where firefighters have incurred injuries while traversing speed humps. A Montgomery County firefighter, responding to a 1997 fire incident, received substantial injuries to his neck and back while wearing a seat belt and full firefighter protective clothing. This employee was out of work for two months, served limited duty for another ten months before subsequently being released on full disability retirement in July of 1998.3 The Sacramento (CA) Pire Department has documented several firefighter injuries due to speed humps. One fire fighter was granted an early retirement after she struck her head on the roof of an apparatus while traversing a speed hump enroute to an incident. She suffered a cervical spine compression injury. Another firefighter experienced vertebrae compression injuries in another separate incident. That firefighter was awarded permanent disability status and could no longer work as a firefighter. In both ofthese 45 cases, each firefighter was wearing a seat belt and yet the force of the jolt caused them to strike their heads on the cab roofs. The third known injury was believed to be an aggravation/recurrence injury. It is believed that this firefighter had a previous neck injury and that the speed humps aggravated or caused further injury. A fourth injury resulted during the performance of actual speed hump testing. This too was a spinal injury to the back.4 The Fresno (CA) Fire Department too has had at least four documented cases of "injury on the job" incidents during emergency responses from crossing speed humps in fire apparatus. The injuries have been incurred from fIrefighters striking their heads on the roofs of fire trucks. These injuries have mainly occurred to the Officers of the units who ride in the forward passenger side of the fire apparatus. Preliminary departmental investigations reveal that the drivers are not as severely impacted as they have "air-ride" seats whereas the Officers seating position generally have fixed "bench type" seating. In addition, the rear facing firefighter riding positions appear to be less vulnerable to this injury particularly for the fire unit models that contain a raised roof area. 5 Fleet Damage There is a growing concern that traffic calming devices cause increased maintenance to fire vehicles. The erratic weight shifts to the fire apparatus 46 The actual elapsed time from start to fmish was timed and compared to the calculated response time for the same distance without traffic devices. The time difference represented the amount of response delay. 18 The summarized fmdings and conclusions of the report indicated that the performance of the individual drivers did not significantly influence the results. The delays per device were interrelated to the three remaining variables of the type of vehicle, the type of device and the desired travel speed. The range of delays for all vehicles, with the four tested speeds, and the specific device tested is as follows: 22.foot Speed Humps: 0.0 to 9.2 seconds per hump 14-foot Speed Humps: 1.0 to 9.4 seconds per hump Traffic Circles: 1.3 to 10.7 seconds per circle19 A closer examination of the data results for the specific speed of 30 mph reveals that the speed hump delays experienced for a fire engine is 3.7 seconds, compared to 4.9 seconds for longer ladder trucks. The rescue unit at this speed, which is comparable to an EMS unit, encountered a 1.7 second delay peT hump.20 Most importantly of this study, interpretations of the data for the desired speeds of 25 mph vs. 40 mph would suggest that the faster a fire or EMS unit tries to travel, the grqtcl' the impact is for 1he delay. Most fire and EMS operators prefer a cruising spur1.3~"'. In essence, the more a driver 51 initiative. In May 1998, De-Luca-Hoffinan Associates, Inc. submitted the fmdings to the City of Portland, which showed increases, rather than decreases, in air pollution for the project. 12 Based on these findings, the FHW NDOT had no choice but to suspend the funding for the project. The study evaluated the impacts of the traffic-calming project, including air quality impacts. The report documents a 46% increase in VOC [volatile organic compounds] emissions and a 17"" decrease in NOx [nitrous oxide] emissions. In sum, the study indicates that the Stevens A venue Traffic Calming project has resulted in an increase in pollutants; Indeed, the actual pollution impacts could be worse than what was presented in the report, as the report did not take into account the emission impacts of increased braking and acceleration associated with the raised crosswalks. . .As a result ofthe study, we are not willing to approve any further expenditure of CMAQ funds on this project. 13 A total of$233,600 was originally approved for the project. However, with the increased emissions verified, and to the embarmssment of City officials, $140,000 was withheld by the FHW AlDOT from the City of Portland to complete the project. 14 Cold Start Emissions A new area of concern i.s that of vehicle cold start emissions. The greatest amount of tailpipe pollutants is emitted during a vehicle's cold start phase. A cold start phase is the fIrst few minutes, or miles traveled, of an engine's operation before the catalytic converter becomes effective. IS A 1994 72 Portland, ME (Stevens Avenue) The referencing of the Buxtehude, Germany study actually caused some extreme embarrassment and severance of federal funding for a traffic-calming project awarded to the City of Portland, Maine. The City of Portland applied for a grant under the Congestion Mitigation! Air Quality (CMAQ) program of the Federal Highway Administration (FHW A) within the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). This federal funding mandated that approved projects must reduce air pollution and improve air quality. In particular, the City of Portland sought the funding to install traffic calming devices on Stevens Avenue within their city. In their justification documents for the federal funding, the City of Portland noted "There is no experience in Maine and little in the United States that documents the effect of traffic calming on air quality. Based on published data, the City of Portland believes the proposed traffic calming measures will improve the air quality.',lI The document then refers to the how the lone study of Buxtehude, Germany (population 33,000) demonstrated a decrease in emissions contrary to other studies. The project was approved for federal funding and began in 1997. The devices were installed and DeLuca-Hoffman Associates, Inc. served as the contractor for the City to collect and analyze the results of this entire 71 vulnerabilities that exist for local governments with traffic calming programs. The largest exposure appears to rest with the modifications to roadways while complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act Another area that is not very clear is the authority of the local government to use traffic calming devices since they are not recognized within national transportation standards. As has been reviewed, there are also numerous potential liabilities relating to personal liability and property damage from traffic calming devices. In short, there are no precedent setting cases that have outright declared speed humps illegal. However, there is strong evidence that some citizens are turning more towards the court systems in an attempt to suspend traffic calming programs. As such, local governments must fully examine their legal liability potential prior to adopting traffic calming initiatives. 94 streets. That data, also in Appendix C, will be used comparatively as a baseline to other analyses. Sudden Cardiac Arrest Data As previously established, traffic calming devices have a detrimental effect upon the response times of emergency service providers. The delay in response times can have a profound impact on bringing a raging fire under control as well as providing life saving medical care. The most crucial, time sensitive emergency situations are those in which a person has undergone respiratory or cardiac arrest. Without immediately restoring these vital life functions, a person can die or suffer permanent brain damage in 6 to 8 minutes.3 This crucial 6 to 8 minutes begins when someone goes into an arrest, not when the fire or EMS units begin their response. Elapsed time for detecting someone in arrest, calling 911, dispatchers processing the call, notifying the fire/EMS stations, and response travel time all have to be completed within that six to eight minute window. Additional time on the scene is also needed to diagnose the problem, and set up to administer the emergency medical care. 129 Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Defibrillation Cardiac arrest is not the same thing as a heart attack. A heart attack occurs when the blood arteries of the heart muscle become blocked, depriving blood to a portion of that muscle, which in turn impairs or reduces the heart's ability to adequately supply blood to the remainder of the body. The severity of a heart attack is classified by how much of the heart muscle is damaged from lack of blood flow and the changed production capacity of the heart. This condition also mandates prompt medical intervention. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is different in that the electrical nerve impulses of the heart muscle, rather than the muscle blood supply, do not operate nonnally. seA is a major cause of death in the United States that claims an estimated 250,000 lives each year. "Abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias cause most sudden cardiac arrests. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the most common arrhythmia that causes cardiac arrest. It is a condition in which the heart's electrical impulses suddenly become chaotic, often without warning. This causes the heart to stop abruptly. Victims collapse and quickly lose consciousness. Death usually fol1ows unless responders restore a nonnal heart rhythm within 5-7 minutes.',4 The basic cause of SCA is not wel1 understood. Many victims have no history of heart disease, nor have their lives been affected by this underlying 130 heart condition. So, much of the public is susceptible to SCA. However, unlike other life threatening diseases such as cancer or AIDS, there is a defmitive therapy for SCA that can even be administered outside a hospital environment. This therapy is known as defibrillation. 5 Defibrillation occurs when an electrical shock is delivered to the heart of an unconscious patient through a series of wires and telemetry from an electronic device called a defibrillator. This shock stops the abnormal rhythm and restores a coordinated rhythm that results in the normal pumping action of the heart to resume. Originally, defibrillators could only be used by emergency room physicians or field paramedics assigned to EMS units. However, with the advances in miniature solid-state circuitry and microcomputers, field devices have been developed to automatically recognize when a patient is in a ventricular fibrillation state. This particular device no longer requires an operator of extensive medical training background. Further, the devices advise the emergency responder that a shock is needed, and then deliver the shock automatically. These new devices are known as automatic external defibrillators. or AEDs.6 Widespread deployment of AEDs throughout many emergency service departments has resulted from this new technology. 131 Table 7.7 Risk Benefit Ratio for Austin, TX Polie /Pro ram Installation of Traffic Calming Devices Projected Risk Projected Benefit RtsklBenefit Ratio 3 7 lives lost to SCA 1 pedestrian life 37 lives lost for 1 saved life saved Installation of Opticoms to Reduce Response Time 1 pedestrian life lost 41 lives saved from 1 life lost for 41 SCA lives saved Again, based on this analytical comparison, one can easily determine that there is a much greater risk for installing traffic calming devices compared to the benefit for a policy or program that provides a reduction in emergency vehicle response times. In essence, Austin has adopted a public policy program that loses 37 lives (SeA) for every one life saved (pedestrian). 158 The Chain of Survival There are four critical links to providing effective emergency treatment of SCA. Starting and implementing these links will very well determine whether one lives or dies from SCA. The American Heart Association describes and advocates the use of the "chain of survival" as follows: 1. Early Access to Care - In most communities, dialing 911 activates the emergency medical system, which dispatches the appropriate emergency personnel to the scene. 2. Early Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation [CPR]- Ifperformed properly, CPR can add a few minutes to the time available for successful defibrillation. Millions of people have learned the breathing and chest compression techniques of CPR, but it does not replace defibrillation in saving lives. 3. Early Defibrillation - The critical link in treating victims in VF is delivery of an electrical shock. Each minute of delay in returning the heart to its normal pattern of beating decreases the chance of survival by 10 percent. After as little as 10 minutes, very few resuscitation attempts are successful. 4. Early Advance Care - After successful defibrillation, some patients require more advanced treatments, such as aitway control or intravenous drugs, on the way to the hospital. 7 The City of Austin has invested considerable resources over the last few years to ensure that this chain of survival is improved to provide better emergency medical care to its citizens. The 20 year-old 911 Center will have improvements made this year to the computer aided dispatch (CAD) system for quicker dispatching services. The EMS Department, along with other 132 Fire and EMS units having to cross three traffic-calming devices significantly reduces someone's probability for sUlVival. With Austin's current history of 442 sudden cardiac arrest cases, only 196 could expect to sUlVive rather than the predicted 215 without any traffic calming device delays. This translates into a nine percent reduction of potential lives that could be saved. According to the model, there would have been 18 less Austinites surviving SCA in 1998 had emergency responders encountered three traffic calming devices along their routes. Analysis for a General Response Improvement Additional lives can be saved whenever response times are improved. Reduced response times can be achieved in a number of ways such as increasing the number of arterials on the transportation grid system, adding fire stations or improving traffic control signals at intersections. Numerous cities around the country have capitalized on the technology improvements by implementing Emergency Response Management Systems (ERMS) using the Opticom™ Priority Control System developed by the 3M Company. In general, this system allows on-coming emergency vehicles to control an approaching traffic signal in their favor, thus minimizing the delay for stopping for red lights. The technology allows an emergency vehicle to activate or hold a green light at traffic signals along its route when making an 153 , ROUNDABOUT ACCESSIBILITY SUMMIT DRAFT PROCEEDINGS VERSION 2.0 OCTOBER 28-29, 2002 Location: Institute of Transportation Engineers Headquarters Washington, DC Annotated with Attendee Comments itl o IAIlIIpIftM d~ -....... - r tI f ...... Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10, 2(03) INTRODUCTION A roundabout accessibility summit took place at the offices of the Institute of Transportation Engineers on Monday, October 28 and Tuesday, October 29, 2002. The final agenda for this meeting is included as Attachment No. 1 to these proceedings. The roundabout section of the U.S. Access Board Draft Public Rights of Way Accessibility Guidelines is included as Attachment NO.2. A roster of the Summit attendees is included as Attachment No.3. The individual presentations and reports that were discussed at this Summit will become part of the final proceedings and will be labeled as Attachments. These briefing materials, including the Proceedings, will be available in both hard copy and electronic format. MEETING GOAL AND OBJECTIVES The overall goal of this Roundabout Summit was to bring all of the stakeholders together to initiate the dialogue on accessibility issues within roundabouts. The following meeting objectives were set forth in the September 5, 2002 invitation letter to meeting attendees. 1. To identify existing and innovative solutions, tools, and technologies 2. To develop information toolkit/package for practitioners 3. To develop recommendations for industry research. At the beginning the participants decided to revise the meeting agenda to focus primarily on the goal that was set forth. It was felt that we had to establish a rapport among all of the stakeholders and try to gain an understanding of the viewpoints and positions of each entity. This meeting represented the first time that regulators, consumers, engineers, policymakers, researchers, and orientation and mobility specialists were gathered in the same room to discuss both individual and mutual needs to provide vehicular, pedestrian access generally, and pedestrian access for blind and visually impaired individuals for roundabouts. All of the stakeholders gained an appreciation for each other's concerns and needs. What we did accomplish was the following: 1. Technical briefings from regulators, orientation and mobility specialists, traffic engineers, and international roundabout experience; 2. The identification of issues to be placed "on the table" for future discussion; 3. The development of a list of future needs and research priorities; and 4. A willingness of the group to meet again, to continue the dialogue. Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10, 2003) 2 I MEETING CONCLUSIONS AND NEXT STEPS 1. We have developed greater awareness and understanding of orientation and mobility techniques used by pedestrians who have vision impairments and of the characteristics of roundabout design that confound analysis by means of these techniques. 2. There was an acknowledgement of the technical issues that need to be considered to achieve roundabout usability by pedestrians who have vision impairments. 3. There is an overall need to improve transportation facility access and usability for pedestrians generally. DONNA SAURERBERGER ALTERNATE STATEMENT: There was an acknowledgement of the technical issues that need to be considered when designing roundabouts to meet the needs of non-sighted pedestrians crossing the roundabout. 4. We need to unite and share ideas on how to make roundabouts serve all roadway users. 5. The group will meet again to continue the dialogue. We have made considerable progress toward a full understanding of the relevant issues. The next step will be to attempt to develop and test solutions, tools, and prototypical designs in US roundabouts. 6. We have made a commitment to develop project statements and fund research on the following topics: driver yielding behavior; gap creation, identification and acceptance; detectable surfaces to provide location and wayfinding information; and ITS technologies with respect to roundabout design and operation for pedestrians who have vision impairments. 7. Existing data on the safety of roundabouts considers only vehicle use. POST-MEETING ALTERNATE STATEMENT BY RON HUGHES: There is a need for comprehensive performance data for operational pedestrian crossing behavior at roundabouts. POST-MEETING ADDITIONS BY RON HUGHES: 8, There is a need to develop analytic tools (models, simulations, etc.) capable of addressing pedestrian performance at the same level as traffic (vehicular) performance, 9. There is a need to address the advisability of adopting alternative upstream or downstream crossing locations for pedestrian (similar to the UK model). There is no inherent reason why pedestrian crossings must be limited to the immediate area of the splitter island. 10. Signalization, where used to create a crossable gap for a pedestrian (blind or otherwise, needs to be considered in the context of the entire roundabout, and needs Roundabout Accesaibility Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10, 2003] 3 to be considered in light of the performance of the roundabout over time, not just for the duration of the crossing, per se. 11. The problems experienced by blind pedestrians at roundabouts need to be considered in the broader context of current traffic control concepts governing how to safely and effectively permit pedestrians to cross the path of motorized traffic. SIGNIfiCANT OVERARCHING COMMENTS AND QUESTIONS 1. There is the perception that a signal guarantees roundabout access to the blind community. [ORIGINAL STATEMENT]. POST-MEETING COMMENT BY RON HUGHES: Such a statement can be made only given ones definition of what is meant by a 'signal.' Signal concepts differ in terms of how reliably they are able to produce the desired driver behavior (i.e., yield, reduce speed, stop, etc.) ALTERNATE PROPOSED STATEMENT BY LOIS THIEBAL T: There is the perception that a signal can act to provide and identify a gap, 2. Crash statistics do not address facility usability. The Access Board's goal and mission is to ensure access to facilities for people with disabilities. 3. Attendees disaJssed the concept of having a prescriptive set of standards and designs versus the requirement to meet performance standards. 4. There is the concern that signalization can only act to reduce the operational efficiency of the roundabout. 5. Signalizing a roundabout adds cost that may make the roundabout design non- competitive with other alternatives. The challenge is to maintain the operational efficiency of roundabouts for all users at a reasonable cost. 6. Although pedestrians have the right of way and drivers must yield at crossings, sighted pedestrians are in fad expected to defer to vehicles and wait until they have a sufficient gap. The sound of the continuous flow of traffic in the roundabout and on the roundabout approaches masks the audible cues used in orientation and wayfinding so that gap identification cannot be accurate at all locations at all times. 7. Vehicle fleet changes are occurring; quieter vehicles gaining market share. We need to build that reality into the [roadway] design and operation and into orientation and mobility training. Roundabout AccessibiHty Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10. 2003] 4 POST-MEETING COMMENT BY RON HUGHES: While some sort of 'rumble' strip might serve to alert a blind individual of a vehicle's approach, they cannot be expected to ensure that gap detection by the blind pedestrian will not still be prone to error, 8. Under various levels of control, there is a point where you lose all the benefits of a roundabout. POST-MEETING COMMENT BY LOIS THIEBALT: Disagreement with above statement: not so, many are signalized to both safety and capacity benefit. This statement assumes that only vehicles should benefit. You cannot solve a problem by eliminating key variables. POST-MEETING COMMENT BY RON HUGHES: Benefits need to be expressed in terms other than the avoidance of vehicle delay and reduction of vehicle crashes. 9. Physical (landscape, buffers, edges and boundaries and detectable surfaces can provide wayfindinQ and orientation cues. The word "barrier" has particular meaning for the engineering community and should not be used in this context. Guidance is needed on how to provide information. POST-MEETING COMMENT BY RON HUGHES: This is problematic not only for blind pedestrians. Observation of pedestrian behavior at the roundabout used for the NIH modeling work revealed that pedestrian crossing location, even for sighted pedestrians, is not well controlled. 10. What is the appropriate amount of control required? Should consideration be given to the whole range of control types, including full traffic signals, yield, flashing signal operations, and stop signs? If signals are to be used, where should they be located? POST-MEETING COMMENT BY RON HUGHES: Need to differentiate 'minimum control required' in terms of the facility cost of the control versus minimum control from the standpoint of that which is required to achieve a stated level of driver (stop, yield, reduce speed, etc.) and pedestrian (gap detection/selection, etc,) behavior, 11. Would the development of a typology of roundabouts meet the intent and requirements of the Access Board's objectives? The proposal that was placed 'on the table' would require a specific level and type of traffic control for a specific set of roundabout characteristics. There was a spirited discussion on this proposal. Specific comments relating to the roundabout typology proposal includes: Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10, 2003] s a) What variables or breakpoints are relevant for all users? POST-MEETING COMMENT BY RON HUGHES: To define 'breakpoints' one needs to know with some certainty the functional relationships between key variables. We don't have that information yet. b) We cannot use land use as one of the characteristics since land use is subject to change (e.g., rural areas becoming suburbanized). Instead, typologies could be developed based on geometric design, speed, MDT, etc. c) The same roundabout will function differently at different times of day. Every roundabout might need signal control at some point. d) We need more information and research on the following variables and the relationship of each of the variables to each other with respect to gap detectabilitv and the possible development of typologies to establish how to provide usability to pedestrians who are blind at a roundabout: (1) vehicular volume; (2) vehicle speed (reaction time); (3) single vs. multiple lanes within a roundabout roadway; (4) length of crosswalk; (5) location of crosswalk relative to central island; (6) vehicle gap distributions; (7) additional vehicle access in zone; (8) acoustic environment; (9) driver behavior; and (10) entry/exit geometries and walking speed. POST-MEETING COMMENT BY RON HUGHES: (2) Speed (reaction time); Do you mean reaction time as it relates to vehicle and pedestrian speeds? (4) Length of crosswalk and the availability and functional characteristics of 'refuge' islands; (5) Location of crosswalk relative to central island; Need to be more specific; do you mean upstream/downstream from the roundabout proper, or with respect to stop bar? (8) Acoustic environment As defined both in terms of vehicle sounds as a function of geometry, etc.; as well as the auditory discrimination capabilities/performance of the full range of pedestrians; (9) Driver behavior with respect to the likelihood of yielding to specific types of information Roundabout AccessiblRty Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10, 2003J 6 e) The development of a roundabout typology may not be the right solution. If pedestrian access is provided, the roundabout must be usable by all. [Note: This was an opinion by one individual; there was not a consensus on the above statement.] ISSUESlPROBLEMSINEEDSlCHALLENGES Regulatory Issues 1. The Draft Public Rights-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines require pedestrian- activated signals at roundabouts because of concerns about access for individuals who are visually impaired or who have difficulty crossing for other reasons. 2. Modifications to the Draft Public Rights of Way Accessibility Guidelines will be based on comments and information received by the Access Board. Notice of Proposed Rulemaking and a regulatory analysis will be the next step. 3. We need to be able to achieve usability. We can try to gain equivalent facilitation through technical innovation, but consumers have a strong preference for environmental solutions. 4. Attendees noted that the Draft Guidelines have identified specific treatments that shall be used as opposed to a performance standard (e.g., provide whatever is required to make sure that a functional gap is present). However, other attendees also noted that the ADA allows 'equivalent facilitation'. This means that other treatments can be used, as long as they provide access. The designer/engineer will have to defend his choice/decision if an ADA complaint is filed. POST MEETING COMMENT BY DONNA SAUERBURGER: 5. The Access Board must develop technical standards based on the law. If pedestrian facilities are provided at a roundabout, they must be accessible to and usable by people with disabilities. [Many possible roundabout locations will not need pedestrian access provisions.] [Peirce added statement] POST MEETING COMMENT BY LOIS THIBAULT: Federal funding is immaterial; state and local governments are covered byada requirements regardless of funding source. POST-MEETING COMMENT BY RON HUGHES: So, if the indicated roundabout crossing location for all pedestrians was at a point upstream/downstream from the circulating motorway, and if conditions (e.g., gap frequency and duration) at those locations provided all pedestrians an equal opportunity Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10, 2003] 7 to cross (equal in terms of delay, in terms of safety, and in terms of'difficulty'/workload) then the requirement for accessibility had been met? Engineering Issues 1. The following engineering variables must be addressed in any future requirements to accommodate pedestrians generally, and pedestrians who are blind or have low vision, within a roundabout environment . Geometric requirements . Exits and entrance issues (e.g. speed differential) · Design speed (affects the control intervention that is selected) . Use and effectiveness of various surface [pavement] treatments . Use of staggered crossings · Need to understand the role of speed with sight distance · Differential requirements of single lane roundabouts versus multi-lane roundabouts. . Orientation of crosswalk . Landscaped areas · Wayfinding. We need to understand the effectiveness, ease of application, durability, and maintenance needs of various wayfinding surface technologies. · Engineering characteristics of the human component of the system. [Ron Hughes} POST MEETING COMMENT BY ERIC WORREll, P.E., FHWA RESOURCE CENTER, ATLANTA: Importance of clear sight lines between the driver and pedestrians. No, blind people can't see the drivers, but if the driver can't see the blind person clearly until the last instance, then the risk to the pedestrian, especially the visually disabled is much greater. There is a shortcoming in the roundabout guide. [We need to indicate that} clear sight lines to the top of the ramp rather than just the beginning of the cross-walk [are needed}. My sense was that there was then general agreement on this issue. Janet Barlow showed a video where a blind pedestrian was waiting with a guide to cross the street near a roundabout. Many cars passed without slowing or stopping for the pedestrians. But in the case of the video there was a substantial stand of vegetation just up stream from the curb cut. Drivers clearly [were} not becoming aware of the presence of the pedestrians until it was too late for a safe controlled stop. I don't know that they would have been anymore courteous if the stand of trees wasn't there - but I do know the pedestrians would have been at less risk. 2. Traffic Control. Discussion of hierarchy · Static signs and markings (yield markings, stop signs) Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10, 20(3) 8 · Crosswalk treatments: markings, raised, textured; transverse markings/rumble strips on the approach lanes; . Yield control [Need to be more specific, Ron Hughes] · Waming Devices (static or real time) sum as alternating flashing beacons (always there and in pavement lighting/crosswalk lighting, overhead lights, and overhead lighted signs . Dynamic Message Signs · Stop Control sum as (1) stop signs; (2) flow metering to create gaps (force gaps for pedestrians-no one has ever tried it; [Operationally, how and at what point, would such gaps in traffic be generated?] [Ron Hughes] · (3) half signals (signal on one side or the other! exit vs. entry; and (4) "hawk" signal (activates overhead flashing yellow, steady red, flashing red); and · Full signal control: (1) by intersection leg; (2) by direction; and (3) for the entire roundabout. [What are the operational impacts on traffic associated with each control concept?] [Ron Hughes] 3. Gaps · If information about gaps, or frequency of crossable gaps falls below a minimum threshold, that may indicate the need for a signal. [This suggests that a signal might be provided if, and only if, it were "impossible" for a {blind} person to cross. What about the notion of equivalency? At what point, either in terms of 'delay' or 'workload'] would conditions fall below threshold?] [Ron Hughes] · Functional gaps would be defined as gaps that are as frequent, detectable and of a duration, adequate to afford crossing, and that are substantially equivalent opporwnity to that afforded to other pedestrians. Note: Version 1,0 of the minutes used the term "measurable gaps." It has been recommended by a number of attendees that we use the term functional gaps." [Ron Hughes: All gaps are measurable; so are we talking about those measurable gaps that are crossable?] · There is a need to understand gap acceptance by different populations (e.g. older pedestrians misjudge gaps). Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 2 (January 10, 2003] 9 POST-MEETING COMMENT BY RON HUGHES: It is important to distinguish between 'gaps' as a measurable phenomenon- that what it is that blind pedestrian is actually using as a basis for the selection of when to cross. Two measurable gaps may be identical, but be functionally different in terms of the pedestrian's ability them as having to identify them as having the same temporal characteristics. For example, the pedestrian may consider gaps of the same measured duration 'different'. This might be based upon when sounds are being emitted by a 'conventional' vehicle or a 'quiet' vehicle. . Can the existence of a gap be done through the use of an accessible pedestrian signal? POST-MEETING COMMENT BY RON HUGHES: By accessible pedestrian signal, I assume you are referring to the system's ability to 'sense' the presence of a safe/crossable gap and the ability to somehow communicate that (auditorially, tactually, etc. to the waiting pedestrian). While possible, it introduces the variable of how effectively that 'information' can be transmitted from the system to the pedestrian, and the pedestrian's response (reaction time) to the signal. The problem is how to define the information required for the system to make the determination (sensor locations, processing required, etc.) that a safe and crossable gap is, in fact, 'present." RESEARCH NEEDS 1. Models are needed of behavior of motorists and pedestrians in roundabouts. Need to make assumptions about driver yielding behavior and other uncertainties. POST MEETING COM MENT BY DONNA SAUERBURGER: Needs clarification. Do we mean research is needed to able to predict what drivers will do? POST-MEETING COMMENT BY RON HUGHES: There are models currently available (e.g., VisSim) that permit one, at a minimum, to conduct a sensitivity analysis based upon presumed differences in pedestrian crossing characteristics and differences in traffic characteristics. Such models need to be modified to permit users to analyze the effects of pedestrian 'mix' (proportion of pedestrians exhibiting different crossing characteristics) as well as the probabilistic nature of driver yielding performance. 2. Gap acceptability and detectability. We need timely and accurate information about gaps including how to create gaps, how to selectively increase gap length and the Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 21January 10, 2003) 10 number of gaps; how to improve pedestrian detection of gaps and gap length and how to reliably communicate gap information in a timely fashion to blind pedestrians. 3. Informational surfaces. Investigate markings and colors for drivers (red approaches, squiggly lines). 4. Intelligent Transportation Systems. Determine the extent to which ITS solutions can be used within the roundabout environment to accomplish both accessibility and traffic movement objectives. POST-MEETING ADDITION BY RON HUGHES: 5. Investigate the potential effectiveness of potential 'structural' changes to conventional roundabout design from the standpoint of pedestrian crosswalk location, physical measures for traffic calming/speed reduction at or beyond exit locations, etc. 6. Research should be coordinated and funded between the following organizations: U.S. Access Board, FHWA, ITE, TRB, and AASHTO. POST -MEETING ADDITION BY RON HUGHES: 7. A well-defined approach for the systematic identification of system requirements, development of system/treatment concepts, the preliminary evaluation of concepts using modeling and simulation, the development and evaluation of operational prototypes, culminating with full-scale operational evaluations under the range of conditions necessary to ensure generalizability of results. Lois Thibault US Access Board. Discussed the Access Board's Draft Guidelines for Roundabouts, dated June 2002. No formal presentation slides or paper was presented. Attachment NO.1 presents Section 1105.6 of the Draft Public Rights-of-Way Guidelines which specifies the requirements for roundabouts. Janet Barlow PowerPoint Presentation entitled, "Pedestrians with Vision Loss or Blindness. " Presentation Attached (See Attachment 4, Not Included in Draft Version 2,0 of the Proceedings). Some key facts from this presentation: · By 2010, expect there to be 20 million visually impaired persons over age 45. Problems for people who are blind include: locating the crosswalk and detecting a gap in traffic. · National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health has funded a five-year project (June 2000-May 2005) on Blind Pedestrians' Access to Intersections. The project includes Roundabouts - blind and low vision individuals, Accessible Pedestrian Signals, and Detectable wamings. Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10, 2003) 11 . The NEI Study of Roundabouts Access evaluated gap judgments by sighted and blind individuals at 5 roundabouts with volumes from 12,000 to 35,000 estimated AADT. The study included 2 Single lane and 3 multi-lane roundabouts. Findings thus far: . Higher volumes yielded fewer crossable gaps. . Higher volumes resulted in more unsafe judgments, more missed gaps, and longer periods of time between the beginning of a crossable gap and the point at which a blind person detected it. Blind pedestrians detected gaps later than sighted pedestrians. In Baltimore gaps were detected 3 seconds later and in Tampa, 5.5 seconds later. . Australia. Individuals who are blind or visually impaired and Orientation and Mobility Specialists state that blind pedestrians avoid crossing at roundabouts, and roundabouts often severely limit where they can travel. In Australia, roundabouts may have detectable wamings and tactile guidestrips. . Enaland. Pedestrians who are blind or visually impaired state that roundabouts can be very difficult to cross. Signals are installed at some roundabout locations, as are raised crosswalks. Presentation includes video clips of pedestrians who are blind crossing at a signalized intersection and at a roundabout, and pedestrian who is sighted crossing at a roundabout. Ed Meyer PowerPoint presentation entitled, ITE Working Group on Roundabout Accessibility Issues, Ed Meyer's presentation reviews the history, geometry, traffic characteristics, pedestrian needs, benefits, issues, and international use of roundabouts. A few key aspects of Ed Meyer's presentation are included below: (See Attachment 5, not included in Draft Version 2.0 of Proceedings) 1. Key roundabout features may include: (1) counterclockwise circulation; (2) splitter island; (3) circulatory roadway; (4) bicycle treatment; (5) central island; (6) sidewalk; (7) landscaping buffer; (8) yield line; (9) accessible pedestrian crossing; and (10) apron. 2. Internationally, there are about 50,000 roundabouts; there are approximately 250 to 500 roundabouts in the United States. 3. Positive aspects of roundabout include (1) speed-controlled environment, and (2) splitter island provides refuge. Negative aspects of roundabouts include (1) pedestrians must assess gaps; (2) disabled, children, and elderly may have difficulty; and (3) entries and exits with more than one lane are difficult to cross. Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10, 2OO3J 12 4. The presentation includes slides from the Netherlands that shows multi-modal roundabout treatments. 5. Design Guidance for visually impaired pedestrians: (1) determine optimal location and orientation of crosswalk and (2) consider application of textured pavements, raised crosswalks and use of traffic control. 6. Technological Advancements for use in roundabouts: (1) flashing beacons; (2) in-pavement flashers and (3) pedestrian signals (mid-block, actuated, pedestrian activated) Tom Brahms Microsoft Word document, Meeting Notes and Follow-up Suggestions from 11th September 2002 Meeting in Australia. (See Attachment 6, not included in Draft Version 1.0 of Proceedings) A structured approach to the need for provision of special pedestrian facilities, using warrants for a pedestrian facility, might be as follows: Circulatina + Exit Flow (yph) Peds 1-1ane roundabout 2-lane roundabout 3-Iane roundabout (pph) <250 250-500 500+ <500 500- 1000+ <1000 >1000 1000 <10 - - - - - - - - 10-30 - - - - Z Z Z Z 30-60 - - Z Z Z Z Z Z 60-100 - Z Z Z Z Z Z S 100-150 Z Z Z Z Z Z S S >150 Z Z Z Z Z S S S - denotes no facility; Z - zebra crossing-S- Traffic Signals (typically PELICAN signals) The idea of using "circulating + exir flows as a variable is that visually impaired pedestrians use sound as a cue, and the sound or its absence is likely to be related not just to exiting traffic but also the circulating traffic. For crossings that may be located further than QJrrently typical, it may be that exit flows are applicable - giving higher roundabout flows to "trigger' warrants. (In the USA and Canada, there is a clear need to develop a set of standard pedestrian crossing facilities - such as the "zebra" signals, and PELICAN, and have those incorporated into the MUTCD, together with warrants for their use). Potential "standards" for pedestrian facilities at roundabouts might include: · (Except at low volume Iocalllocal roundabouts) all pedestrian crossing paths are to be located so that pedestrians pass at least 6m behind the entry holding line, or 6m beyond the outer inscribed circle for crossing exists; · all crossing paths are to be aligned within 10 degrees of perpendicular to the building lines; Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10, 2003) 13 · All paths to be paved, have "pram crossing" profiles, and be DDA compliant. and no other paths are to connect the footpath to aJrbs adjacent to the roundabout - e.g. all redundant paths to be removed; · Areas between the roundabout outer aJrbs and the footpath, and between the pedestrian crossing points are to be surfaced with a different material to that in the paths; · a small groove is to be cut into the road pavement to define the edges of the pedestrian crossing paths as they cross the roadway to provide tactile guidance when needed. · Where signalized crossings are provided, they should be located at least 20m from the outer inscribed circle; Note: The above potential standards are a result of the brainstorming session held on September 11, 2002, and do not represent technical requirements of any regulatory or transportation agencies within Australia. They are presented here as one line of thinking. John Peirce Powerpoint Presentation, Pedestrian Crossings At Roundabouts, Roundabout Accessibitity Issues Working Group Meeting, Washington October 2002. . (See Attachment 7, not included in Draft Version 1.0 of Proceedings) Use signalized crossings · On exit, not more than 20m from roundabout · On exit, taper should be complete before crossing · On the entry, between 20 and 50m from roundabout Crossing locations: · Stagger the crossings · Pedestrians on central reserve splitter island look towards traffic they are about to cross · Control speed on exit from roundabout- exit deflection as opposed to "easy exit"? Use Colored Surfaces · Colored surface warns drivers of hazard ahead · Surfacing material should be a high friction material · If possible, define nationally what colour represents what hazard · Needs maintenance to refresh colour · Use vehicle and pedestrian detection equipment. · BLEEP & SWEEP equipment · Tactile revolving cone . "Ticking boxes" . Tactile paving surfaces Ughting: Use uniform brightness. Roundabout AccessibIlity Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10,2003) 14 Ed Morris US Department of Transportation, Office of Civil Rights. Powerpoint Presentation, The Big Picture. How Relevant are Pedestrian Access Issues to Everyday Life. (See Attachment 8, not included in Draft Version 2.0 of Proceedings) · Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits Federal funding on any project that discriminates against people with disabilities · ADA Desion Minimums are the building blocks for applying better design practices · If it is not accessible it is not safe or usable. David Guth, Daniel Ashmead, Richard Long, at.al. Paper entitled, "Blind Pedestrians' Vehicular Gap Detection at Roundabout Intersections," David Guth, Daniel Ashmead, Richard Long, Paul Ponchillia, & Robert Wall, Department of Blindness and Low Vision Studies, Western Michigan University. (See Attachment 9, not included in Draft Version 1.0 of Proceedings) Abstract - We investigated the judgments of blind and sighted persons about the duration of gaps in traffic at four modem roundabout intersections. Participants stood at roundabouts' crosswalks and indicated when they believed that gaps between vehicles were adequate for crossing to the pedestrian (splitter) island in the middle of the road before the arrival of the next vehicle at the crosswalk. We analyzed participants' latencies to detect gaps, their ability to detect gaps, and the frequency with which participants erroneously indicated that a gap was long enough to cross. The findings suggest that at some roundabouts, there are differences in pedestrians' abilities to determine whether it is safe to initiate a crossing, depending on whether they are using vision and hearing or hearing alone. Further, this effect appears to be related to the volume of vehicular traffic. Preliminary findings from three of the roundabouts were presented at IMC-10. This talk will review and expand upon those findings and then present new findings from an experiment at a single-lane urban roundabout at which pedestrians made judgments during both peak-traffic (rush) hours and off-peak hours. Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10, 2OO3J IS ATTACHMENT NO.1: FINAL AGENDA - (DATED OCTOBER 24, 2002) 11 :30 a.m. 12:15 p.m. 12:30 p.m. 12:35 p.m. 1:10 p.m. 1 :25 p.m. 1 :40 p.m. 1 :55 p.m. 2:00 p.m. 2:15 p.m. 3:15 p.m. 12:15 p.m. 12:30 p.m. 12:35 p.m. 1:10 p.m. 1 :25 p.m. 1:40 p.m. 1 :55 p.m. 2:00 p.m. 2:15 p.m. 3: 15 p.m. 3: 35 p.m. Working Group Meeting on Roundabout Accessibility Issues October 28-29, 2002 REGISTRATION AND LUNCH Welcome -ITElFHWA officials (George Ostensen and Tom Brahms) · Why this working group? Goals of the meeting · Housekeeping · Ground rules: Facilitator solicits -nonns- for the meeting from attendees Introduction by Facilitator · Facilitator introduces himself and discusses his goals Introduction of Attendees · Introduce themselves and organization · Each answers this question: For each of them, what would represent a successful meeting? Briefina - Lois Thibault U. S. Access Board Draft Guidelines · Legal and regulatory requirements · What is the genesis of the proposed of the Draft? What are the next steps? · What are the general consequences of the Access Board's Draft? Briefina - (Ed Meyers, Kittelson & Associates) Roundabouts: What are they and what variations exist? · What settings are they used in? · What problems are they trying to solve? · Geography: U.S. vs.lntematlonal Scene History: Past, present, and future in the U.S. · Issues of acceptance in the U.S. · How are pedestrians generally accommodated in roundabouts? · How can technology - especially ITS - make roundabouts safer and more efficient for vehides, pedestrians, and pedestrians with disabilities? Briefina - Pedestrians with Vision Loss or Blindness:(Janet Barlow) · What are the special issues faced by pedestrians with blindness or vision loss? · How have these been dealt with? Tom Brahms- Briefing on Australian Roundtable BREAK Facilitated Discussion -IPNC (lssueslProblems/Needs/Challenges) Redefine/Repackagelssues Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10, 2003) 16 3:35 p.m. 3:40 p.m. 4:40 p.m. October 29 7:30 a.m. 8:15 a.m. 8:30 a.m. 9:15 a.m. 11:15 a.m. 12:15 p.m. 1:00 p.m. 2:00 p.m. 2:30 p.m. 3:00 p.m. 3: 40 p.m. 4: 40 p.m. 8:15 a.m. 8:30 a.m. 9:15 a.m. 11:15a.m. 12:15 p.m. 1 :00 p.m. 2:00 p.m. 2:30 p.m. 3:00 p.m. BREAK Initial meeting of the Breakout groups Complete template of issues and potential solutions. Note: we may want each fTOuP member to vote on the solutions. Recorder will complete temp/ate and provide to facilitator. Adjourn CONTINENTAL BREAKFAST Discussion · Feedback on Day 1 · Housekeeping ADDED AGENDA ITEM: John Peirce, TRL (Briefing) Report Back and Discussion Breakout Group Meeting No.2 (Rolling Break Included) Purpose: To detennine areas of common ground, areas of conflict. Report Back and Discussion for Breakout Meeting No.2 LUNCH Speaker: Ed Monis, Associate Administrator, Office of Civil Rights, US Department of Transportation Breakout Meeting No. 3 Purpose: To define future courses of action. Report Back and Discussion Wrap Up - · Attendees answer these questions: "Were my expectations met? Did we meet the overall goals of the meeting?- · Closing remarks by FHWAIITE · When should this group meet again? What needs to be accomplished before this group meets again? Adjourn Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10, 2003) 17 ATTACHMENT NO.2: PROPOSED ACCESS BOARD GUIDELINES ON ROUNDABOUTS Discussion of Provisions Roundabouts (1105.6) A growing trend in roadway design favors continuous-flow roundabouts over traditional signalized intersections. While their design varies widely, roundabouts typically feature a circulatory roadway around a central island. Entering traffic yields to vehicles already in the circle. Increasingly popular in the U.S. because they add vehicle capacity and reduce delay, roundabouts are a common feature in Europe and Australia. Because crossing at a roundabout requires a pedestrian to visually select a safe gap bet\veen cars that may not stop. accessibility has been problematic. While roundabouts may be an asset to traffic planners in controlling and slowing the flow of traffic at intersections without using traffic signals, the absence cI stopped traffic presents a problem for pedestrianI with vision impairments in crossing streets. Pedestrians report 1hat vehicles at rol.l'1dabouts, as well as at other unsignalized aossings, often do not yield for pedestrians. Persons with vision impairments and pedestrians who may hesitate at such aossings are at a partiaJlar disadvantage. To provide safer crossing at roundabouts, the draft guidelines would require pedestrian activated aossing signals at each roundabout aosswalk, induding those at splitter islands. (The draft guidelines would ensure that such signals are usable by persons with vision impairments under requirements in section 1106 disaJssed below.) Although roundabouts are typically used to avoid signalization, the Board is not aware of altematives that would allow safe passage for pedestrians with disabilities. Aside from accessibility, the use of roundabouts in areas of high pedestrian use has been questioned by some in the industry. Requiring the signal to be pedestrian activated may help limit the impact on traffic flow. Signal technologies are available that can further minimize the impact, such as devices that halt traffic only while a pedestrian is in the crosswalk. The Board seeks information on altemative design strategies and available technologies that can improve access at roundabouts for persons with disabilities, particular1y those with vision impairments. Barriers or similar1y distinct elements are needed to prevent blind persons from inadvertently crossing a roundabout roadway in unsafe locations. The draft guidelines would require a continuous barrier along the street side of the sidewalk where pedestrian crossing is prohibited. If a railing is used, it must have a bottom rail no higher than 15 inches. This dimension would allow use of a standard roadside guardrail while providing sufficient cane detectability. Text of Draft Guidelines 1105.6 Roundabouts. Where pedestrian crosswalks and pedestrian facilities are provided at roundabouts, they shall comply with 1105.6. 1105.6.1 Separation. Continuous barriers shall be provided along the street side of the sidewalk where pedestrian crossing is prohibited. Where Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10, 2003] 18 railings are used, they shall have a bottom rail 15 inches (380 mm) maximum above the pedestrian access route. 1105.6.2 Signals. A pedestrian activated traffic signal complying with 1106 shall be provided for each segment of the crosswalk, including the splitter island. Signals shall clearly identify which crosswalk segment the signal serves. Roundabout Accessibifity Proceedings, Version 2 [January 10, 2003) 19 ATTACHMENT NO. 3 OCTOBER 28-29, 2002 FINAL ROSTER Brahms, Thomas W. Executive Director Institute of Transportation Engineers 109914th St, tfN Suite 300 West Washington, DC 20005 Tel: (202) 289-0222, x111 Fax: (202) 289-n22 tbrahms@>.ite.orQ Broyhill, Tamara A. Transportation Specialist US DOT-FHWA 400 7th Street, SW., HSA-1, Room 3407 Washington, D.C. 20590 Tel: (202) 366-4047 Fax: (202) ~2249 tamara. brovhill@>.fhwa.dot.Clov Brunson, Melanie Director of AtJvocacy & Govemmert Affairs American Council of the BHnd 115515th Street, NW, Suite 1004, Washington, DC 20005 Tel: (202) 467-5081 Fax: (202) 467-5085 mbrunson@>.acb.ora Ashmead, Dr Daniel H. Associate Professor Vanderbilt University 111419th Avenue S Nashv~le, TN 37212 Tel: (615)-936-5114 Fax:(615)9~13 daniel. h. ashmead@>.Vanderbilt.Edu Bared, Joe Highway Research Engineer Federal Highway Administration 6300 Georgetown Pike McLean, VA 22101 Tel: (202) 493-3314 Fax: (202) 493-3417 ioe. bared@>.fhwa.dot.C1oV Barlow, Janet M. Orientation and Mobility Specialist Accessible Design for the Blind 440 Hardendorf Avenue, NE Atlanta, GA 30307 Tel: (404) 373-0611 Fax: (404) 373-0611 imbarlow@>.mindsprina.com Carroll, Julie Attorney Advisor National Council on Disability 1331 F Street, tfN Suite 850 Washington, D.C. 20004 Tel: (202) 2n-2004 Fax: (202) 272-2022 icarroll@>.ncd.C1ov Bentzen, Dr. Billie (Beezy) L Principal Accessible Design for the Blind 235 South street Berlin, MA 01503 Tel: (978) 838-2307 Fax: (978) 838-2307 bbentzen.accessforblind. com Caruso, Phil Deputy Executive Director Institute of Transportation Engineers 1099 14th St, tfN Suite 300 West Washington, DC 20005 Tel: (202) 289-0222, ext-126 Fax: (202) 289-n22 pcaruso@>.ite.orCl Bloch, Arnie Principal Howard-Stein Hudson 516 W. 36th street 4th Floor New York, NY, 10018 Tel: (917)339-0488 Fax: (917-339-1068 Coleman, Janet A. Director, Office of Safety Program FHWA 400 tt' Street SW, HAS-1 Room 3407 Washington, D.C. 20590 Tel: (202) ~ 1153 ia net. coleman@>.fhwa.dot.C10V Roundabout AccessibIlity Proceedings, Version 2 (January 10, 20(3) 20 Courage. Kenneth G. Professor University of AoricIa-Gainesville. Civil Engineering Deparbnent, Weil Hall PO Box 116588, Gainesville, FL 32611-6588 Tel: (352) 392-0378 Fax: (352) 392-3224 kcouraae@ufl.edu [Was unable to trnel on day of meeting.] Crawfonl. Charles Executive Director American Council of the Blind 115515th street, NW, Suite 1004 Washington, DC 20005 Tel: (202) 467-5081 Fax; (202) 467-5085 ccrawford@acb.ora Dnis, Gregory Engineering Research Psychologist FHWA 6300 Georgetown Pike Mclean, VA 22101 Tel: (202) 4~7 (l reaorv. davidQ@fhwa.dot.(lov Demosthenes, Phil Colorado Department of Transportation 4201 E. Arkansas Avenue, Rom 291 Denver, CO 80222-3400 Tel: (303) 757-9844 Fax: (303) 757-9820 phil. demosthenes@dot.state.co.us Franck, Lukas Coordinator of Training The Seeing Eye, Inc. Box 375 Morristown. NJ 07963 Tel: (973) 539-4425 franck@sprvnet.com Goth, Dr. David Professor Western Michigan University, Depl of Blindness and Low Vision studies 3405 Sangren Hall Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5111 Tel: (269) 387-3446 david.auth@wmich.edu Harkey, David University of NC Highway Safety Research Center CB# 3430, 730 Airport Road Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Tel: (919) 962-8705 david harkev@unc.edu Hartman, Dan Director City of Golden, CO Public Works Department 911 10th street Golden, CO 80401 Tel; (303) 384-8000 Fax: (303) 384-8161 dhartman@ci.aolden.co.us Hennan, Robert N. Senior Advocacy Attorney Paralyzed Veteran Association 801 18th street, NW Washington, D.C. 20006-3517 Tel: (202) 416-7699 Fax: (202) 416-7706 bobhn@pva.ora Hughes, Ron Senior RetMNRh Psychologist University of NC Highway Safety Research Center 730 Airport Road, CB# 3430 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3430 Tel: (919) 962-9411 Fax: (919) 962-8710 ron huahes@unc.edu Ito, James H. Traffic and Lighting Design Engineer City of Milwaukee, WI 841 N. Broadway, Room 920 Milwaukee, WI 53202 Tel: (414) 278-3263 Fax: (414) 278-3693 iito@mpw.net JacquemaJt, George G. Principal Buckhurst, Fish & Jacquemart 115 5th Avenue., 3rd Floor New York, NY 10003-1004 TeI:(212)3~7474 Fax: (212) ~7494 a-iacauemart@peapc.com Kalla, Hari Transportation Specialist Federal Highway Administration Office of Safety Design 400 7th street fWtI, Room 3407, HAS-10 Washington, DC 20590 Tel: (202) 366-5915 Fax: (202) 366-2249 hari. kalla@fhwa.dot.aov Draft Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 1 [December 31 , 2002 21 Kobetsky. Ken Program Director for Engineering AASHTO 444 N. Capitol St., ~ Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 Tel: (202) 624-5254 Fax: (202) 624-5469 kenk@aashto.ora Niederhauser. Mike Transportation Engineer Maryland State Highway Administration PO Box 717 Baltimore, MD 21203-0717 Tel: (410) 787-5879 mniederhauser@sha.state.md. us Peirce. John Traffic Consultancy Manager TRL Tel: (011-44134)477-0032 Fax: (011-44134) 477-0864 jpeirce@trl.co.uk Long, Dr. Richard G. Associate Professor Western Michigan University, Dept of Blindness and Low Vision Studies 1903 W. Michigan Avenue, Room 3404 Sangren Hall Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5111 Tel: (269) 387-3451 Fax: (269) 387-3567 richard.lona@wmich.edu Prosser, William A. Highway Design Engineer FHWA 400 7th Street SW Washington, D.C. 20590 Tel: (202) 366-1332 william. prosser@fhwa.dot.aov Mazz, Marsha K. Technical Assistance Coordinator US Access Board Technical & Information Services Office 1331 F St. N.W, Suite 1000 Washington, D.C. 20004-1111 Tel: (202) 272-0020 Fax: (202) 272-0081 mazz@access-board.aov Robinson, Bruce W. Principal Engineer Kittelson & Associates, Inc. 610 SW Alder St., Suite 700 Portland, OR 97205-3608 Tel: (502) 535-7408 Fax: (503) 535-7508 brobinson@kittelson.com McMillen, Barbara D. Disability Policy Analyst US DOT-FHWA 400 7th Street, SW., HCR-1, Room 4132 Washington, D.C. 20590 Tel: (202) 366-4634 Fax: (202) 366-1599 barbara. mcmillen@fhwa.dot.aov Moreira, Patricia Assistant for Charles Crawford American Council of the Blind 1155 15th street, f\ttN, Suite 1004 Washington, DC 20005 Tel: (202) 467-5081 Fax: (202) 467-5085 ccrawford@acb.ora Sarandes, Judy Arrowhead 1501 Farm Credit Drive, Suite 4400 Mclean, VA 22101 Tel: (703) 883-4040 Fax: (703) 883-4041 sarandesi@arrowheadsat.com Sauerburger, Dona Orientation and Mobility Specialist Environmental Access Committee, AER Orientation and Mobility Division 1606 HuntcliffWay Gambrills, MD 21054 Tel: (301) 858-0138 sauerburaer@mindsprina.com Myers, Edward J. Senior Principal Kittelson & Associates, Inc. 36 S. Charles street., Suite 2204 Baltimore, MD 21201 Tel: (410) 347-9610 Fax: (410) 347-9611 emvers@kittelson.com stanley, Jenine Representative Organization Guide Dog Users, Inc. Tel: (614) 766-5524 istanlev@qdui.org Draft Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 1 [December 31 , 2002 22 Stewart, Ken Representative Council for Citizens Wdh Low Vision International 115515th street, tN/, Suite 1004, Washington, D.C. 20005 Tel: (845) 986-2955 cclvi~vahoo.com StoIIof, Edward Senior Director, Contracts Institute of Transportation Engineers 1099 14th st., NN Suite 300 West Washington, D.C. 20005 Tel: (202) 289-0222, x132 Fax: (202) 289-7722 estollof~ite. ora Thibault, Lois Coordinator of Research US Access Board Technical & Information Services Office 1331 F street, NN Suite 1000 Washington, D.C. 20004-1111 Tel: (202) 2n-0023 Fax: (202) 272-0081 th ibault~access-board. QOV Umbs, Rudy ActIng Director-Safety Design US DOT -FHWA 400 fh street, fNV HAS-10 Room 3407 Washington, D. C. 20590 Tel: (202) 366-2177 rudolph. umbs~fhwa. dot. QOV Wainwright, Scott FHWA Office of Transp. Operations 400 7th street fNV, HOT0-1 Room 3408 Washington DC 20590 Tel: (202) 366-0857 Fax: (202) 366-3225 Scott.wainwriQht~Fhwa. Dot. Gov Windley, Scott US Access Board Technical & Information Services Office 1331 F st. NW, Suite 1000 Washington, D.C. 20004-1111 Tel: (202) 2n-5434, ext-135 Fax: (202)725-4473 windlev~access-board.Qov Worrell, Eric S. Safety I Geometric Design Engineer FHWA-Southem Resource Center 61 Forsyth Street, fNV Suite 17T26 Atlanta, GA 30303 Tel: (404) 562-3684 Fax: (404) 562-3700 eric. worrell@fhwa.dot.Qov Draft Roundabout Accessibility Proceedings, Version 1 [December 31 , 2002 23 N ~ o - o l ('-. "C CIl:x: Eo -0:: lVC( Uw ~U) iE lV ... I- CIl ~~ CIlW ~z - (/) >- :r: "" "tJ ~ C( CD lVa E uz >-~ - ~C( CI I t1 ~ Co) ... o __G:: s:~ cq;; z as ~w Ot,; .Q i! -- .... ::10:: (I) 0. C( -- 'R; > CD ~ a -- m ~ C.... ~ O)CD ~ C CD ~ f3 -i: b o~ CDrn >- 0:: Q) :!:~ C ~ u --:E 0).... .n .c O~ Co) Ocl ~ IE ~ (3 I,!.c ....3: l!! GI o::I: cC'- 'ei lj1; 6>- 'fi~ l:l'" o.e .EJ! i~ ctT _GI ...... .eo GI.5 ~.5 ~ft cU ft~ CIIl:l .!1i '"OGI -> ~e .s:D. .e.. -!~ GI~ &...... .1 GI~ 1 ~- XC GI GI .. o~. c c '0 >:0 coE I GlSGI 'C .... &8.5 ~EE _::IE GI.s: 0 g'"Ou .l~ ~.E olGl ~ti= CII::110 ~.~ 2=~ .s:.2 CII ->GI .E-8lii - O~.!!Gll)... _ = GIGI ~u~u ~~~ _ _ ~ · .- c J~_1!~S-O "-..... ~.!c ii~".- - .vg~~~Pii~~~ g~ o~ ~:~E!~l ~i~ ~S!!;JI:>"J!rc8" "'_ l!'a,f; s-lloB~lJ; ~~-l! i~~lr~~B~E~ ~i I~W r~~I~~8 &=I~ ~~e ~<~ ..~s e", ~~~ ~s.e~,,-' a~s~ ~i~ ~j~j;~1 i~ J;~; ~~~8te~ ~~II -..E~ o~O~ftEGI~ GI>- ~>--~ ~::II::II~E!I 15'"0 _o_-~~. . ~~ ~ 00._.0 c ! ~ ~ . ~ l; e .. ~ ~ ~~ t... Ii -Ii 8 1: E =.l: ~ ~ · ! !l ~~'" .~~il~- ~~ =g~ ~5~J~" ~!2c ~ #l'l!!GI CII~cli'"O'-.c: _ lenliD:s. c c 1.&:1I;lI Z ~.E_.U-.s~6 8. .& c~~~~ic i"'l !WI~~GI~~GI~~~j ~i'"08';:~ ~~o~~~io ill ~ u U ,> GI '"0 _ e.. III c - U GI CII 2 E .. 0 i ~ ~._ =c-:;; c ~_~O _-. -,s Jill. C. I H c i3.~~ ~ ~ h i!:.8~ a i!'~ 5 nIl w. I .. E i 0 ,c _E .. ,Oii' :8 1ii 0 'B. c a i.Qt GI - 0 ~ E .s I- l5. = 1{ ~ ~ I- JI C .. . c ~ .0 _ .. · - ~ .. · - If. 0 ~ ... E ".;e. e=ee,!!=~ .'8~=,1 ~~e~il!" ...81 ,,~$ ~:SGI~~ ~:lii: .!!I!'ii...~ ~",{l~ccs .ell~~."~' U >:=.. II: 0 CII:P E c.s: Il:l CII . 0 . III j :II;:::; 1 g j 0.2' f II :; . ~ i _... Ii ~ . 8 g- s 'ii go ~'" j';. e I : i i;-_ r '0 i IIJ 5!! CII::11J!9 .'"00 >- 01 Gll-e >-8co..o ., =101 g>~ ~i! .... :al~ ...",s.g.-&~ &~ Ii 1I~ .. ~~ I~!!t~t 1;:2;.1 l~u:;..,f;~Ki!'H+,Jh_5"t.i l'! H .8 H Il i-~ l! ~ I. s hi J n ! ~d~ -8 &'II t I 'Ii"! ill ~! 1"15":' ~H~ l;~'ii..";liS~=.IIJr~itt i! ~~ 9 ~ "S if 8 'l; . .l! ;. ~ u. ,!- ! Ii ~ ~" 5. .. 11= I E ~ ~ ;;: g ..eUl;~~!..i! 'ti~i!h8goh.e~1i . I_.._::'H ..Ilili.~ eSll.. "",s._e"".:.2Ie5j...t fll=~ a"5.g' ." . 2> 0 ~ e _ c Il.. e'" = ~ . ~.- c 2 .. 11 II- '0 0 '" J ~H~ e';::tl:: .~Hi.n~:lU Pg. ~f! ~~ '" = S . " 8 ~ e 8 ~ c !. B e 8. - ~ .5 · e -... II t :p · I!' " ;_...~<o"o i- JI ._l!.>€-~"2l'j.' D Ii ~E 1~ i~ ut~h f~ ;~~tIU!i ~ l~i~'ti I..S~ I'll ~ H ......I_.c:>-e..CIIC11....tslelll x :t::c:.!!"~:P"#. -c!8 i 5 >>: 0.. 5 ... :.Qt., E l:l EO> GI e..e..l:J GI ~ U 0 oa. '0 GI:.1 10 ill: '" c: i c 0:: ~ W __~J:eo Cll- - -e-ec ~"'!'" 8"" I~~~! ; afi g.;;! II ~ j ~ lEiI-. ~ 8E ~~ ~ 121 i::Jo e} '0 U) fi ... . _ GI -8 _ ~ ~ r! : _ .2. l! ~ E I- : 8 ::II en !! ~.!! a: Is 11 l? l.L ;lno~H~iiHU~ id~UH~:iH~ e II >=. ",f; "'-",f; 8 o. . ~ 0 ~ - 2 ~ · - - 0 v'" - - " . . l5.~,f;<~,go~lig"i:...ll"'lo 0 ...~. .lii!::=iii~Q. ~,~ . . .. :x:,g~ ~ ~u u ~.o OlD .2: ('~ rl:e; .. c:: - EO-.!!'" oi:;:l~"J!I!! &gtg._... :x: I u. 'II I .. "I: :31 1::&. ::> :t:: c:: w.5 =U) ~~~ :llali:~~ -oW O::li):a~ ..wo C( .. w SJ .c:e !.2 ::II .. 01: ~ cZ ~ oq- o o N - II') - :;;r ~ j ~ Q. 6 t:! - I (/) ~ u o ~ ! - ~ ~ u :::::: CD tE Roundabout Summit - Attachment 8 - The Big Picture ~ .... . ".;, . .." " ".' ", , f".,- 1-ederCl: MI']nWO'Y A,drr~,f,,~trQt,(Y) SAFITV 'ii) The Big Picture (Slide 1) How relevant are pedestrian access issues to everyday life? Page 1 of 10 FHWA HIJme I Feedback Back to Intersections web site Download PowerPoint Presentation (1.2 Mb) To view PPT files, you need PowerPoint Viewer Almost every trip taken has a pedestrian component. Are pedestrian environments usable for everyone? (Slide 2) . TypicaUy designed for people who are fit, young and able bodied . Not everyone has access to the same opportunities to use the pedestrian system http://safety.fbwa.dot.gov/roundaboutsummitlmdabtatt8.htm 4/15/2004 Roundabout Summit - Attachment 8 - The Big Picture Page 2 of 10 The demographics of people with disabilities have changed (Slide 3) . Young people with disabilities and illnesses live longer and healthier lives Demographics (Slide 4) . 20% of the US Population has a disability (US Census,2000) o 5.2 milion are between the ages of 1 and 20 o 30.6 miUion are between the ages of 21 to 64 o 14 million are over the age of 65 (42% of this age group) , ~." "- ...;1 lJ..... ~.-.. , ~'<<,i~ ..... (""'" The number of people with disabilities is expected to increase (Slide 5) · The number of people with severe vision loss is expected to increase from the current 4. 3 million to 20 million by the year 2010 · The number of people with visual dsabilities is 3 times of those who use wheelchairs http://safety.tbwa.dot.gov/roundaboutsummitlmdabtatt8.htm 411 5/2004 Roundabout Summit - Attachment 8 - The Big Picture Page 3 of 10 The number of people with disabilities is expec:ted to increase (Slide 6) . SOOk of the US population will be over the age of 55 in year 2030 " .' .,r ~ ~ :0 I.. ') it.., 1t , Accessible environments = Independent lives (Slide 7) · At some point in their lives 70 % of the US population will have a temporary or permanent disability that will limit their ability to climb stairs http://safety.fbwa.dot.gov/roundaboutsummitlmdabtattS.htm 4/15/2004 Roundabout Summit - Attachment 8 - The Big Picture Access is a community concern (Slide 8) . Almost every bip taken has a pedestrian component . Access is an econonic and social concern Access is a community concern (Slide 9) · Segmen1s of the population lose their independence when streets are not designed for all users. http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roundaboutsummit/mdabtattS.htm Page 4 of 10 4/15/2004 Roundabout Summit - Attachment 8 - The Big Picture Solving the problems (Slide 10) . Raising the level of awareness . We have not kept up with the needs of our changing populations Civil Rights Laws ant wake-up calls to inequities (Slide 11) The Rehabilitation Act (1973) and ADA (1990), prohibit discrimination against people with cisabilmes http://safety.fbwa.dot.gov/roundaboutsummitlmdabtatt8.htm Page 5 of 10 4115/2004 Roundabout Summit - Attachment 8 - The Big Picture Page 6 of 10 Rehabilitation Act, Section 504 (1973) (Slide 12) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits federal fundng on any project that dscriminates against people with disabilities The Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) (Slide 13) . US DOT oversight · Equal access to services, facilities, and programs for people w/disabilities http://safety.thwa.dot.gov/roundaboutsummitlmdabtattS.htm 4/15/2004 Roundabout Summit - Attachment 8 - The Big Picture Confusion over design minimums ..d best practice (Slide 14) · NJA Desipn Minimums are the building blocks for applying better design practices . What if car lanes were buitt to the minimum width of cars? Accessible Information vs.lnformation barriers (Slide 15) The truncated dome pattern on the detectable warning provides information that the sidewalk in ending. http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roundaboutsummitlmdabtatt8.htm Page 7 of 10 4/15/2004 Roundabout Summit - Attachment 8 - The Big Picture Page 8 of 10 How would bOnd pedestrians know Utey had to push Ute button to get a walk signal? Engineering practice - playing catch-41p with Civil Rights requirements ..d new technologies (Slide 16) Removing communication barriers is as necessary as removing physical barriers Accessibility = Safety (Slide 17) If it is not accessible it is not: . Safe . Usable http://safety.tbwa.dot.gov/roundaboutsummitlmdabtattS.htm 4/15/2004 Roundabout Summit - Attachment 8 - The Big Picture Page 9 of 10 BollI the devil and the Angels are in the detailsl (Slide 18) · Complaints, lawsuits, and construction costs can be minimized with attention to details Applying best practices for the comfort and safety of III users (Slide 19) · The access, safety and comfort of pedestrians is as important as meeting the needs of motorists Gaps to Fill (Slide 20) . Awareness of the issues · Knowledge of design standards and requirements . Tools for professionals http://safety.fbwa.dot.gov/roundaboutsummitlmdabtattS.htm 4/15/2004 Roundabout Summit - Attachment 8 - The Big Picture Page 10 ot 10 Designers need to consult and understand the needs of users (Slide 21) "Whether you beleive you can... or believe you cannot.., you are rightr - H. Ford This page last modified on February 27, 2003 OFHWA FHWA Home I Safely Home I Feedback United states Department fA Transportation - FedenlI HIgInnIY Adminllltnltion http://safety.tbwa.dot.gov/roundaboutsummitlmdabtatt8.htm 4/15/2004 .Part I Page 1 of9 Part I: Introduction . The Public Right-of-Way . Background . Some Issues Considered by the Committee . The Structure and Format of this Report THE PUBLIC RIGHT-Of-WAY The public right-of-way is an ancient concept, as old as the notion of owning land. The commerce of humankind requires circulation, and since the days of the earliest cities, the public street has served as the venue and vessel for the exchange of ideas, opinions, services and goods. For centuries, public rights-of-way ensured the right to passage of all users, humble or grand, on foot or by any other mode. However, only within the latter half of the last century has serious thought been given to the right to access for those who, historically, had never been considered at all in the built environment. Within the public right-of-way, efforts to accommodate people with disabilities have been accomplished on a state-by-state basis with guidance from various code-writing organizations, but there has been no single national set of guidelines for accommodating people with disabilities in the public right-of-way. Public rights-of-way harbor many transportation activities, including walking and rolling, bicycling, transit, freight movement, and automobile travel. They house the hardware, such as traffic signals and street lights, that supports those activities. In many cases they contain public and private utilities. With so many diverse functions to be supported, the streetscape within the public right-of-way is often created over a period of time by a variety of minds and hands. For the individual user the streetscape must work at an intimate level. Details at the individual scale can appear seam less and coherent if they are done right. As David Sucher notes in his book, City Comforts, "An ordinary, even banal structure, can and will be transformed into a marvel if the designer and builder have thought through the users' needs and reflect those needs in the details. II The following report is a recommendation for a new national set of guidelines that define the details necessary to make the streetscapes in public rights-of-way accessible to all users. This report has been prepared by the Public Rights-of-Way Access Advisory Committee (PROWAAC), convened by the U.S. Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (the Access Board) to address access to public rights-of-way for people with disabilities. The members of the PROWAAC represent a broad cross-section of design professionals, transportation industry professionals, implementing agencies, and a diverse range of advocates and users groups. This knowledgeable and representative advisory committee shared a commitment to this fundamental principle: that all users ot all abilities have the right to equal access to public rights-at-way. To that end, the PROWAAC developed a toolbox approach to defining standards which will provide that equal access to public rights-of-way. The goal of the toolbox approach is to aid http://www.access-board.gov/prowac/commrept/partl.htm 4/28/2004 ..Part I Page 2 of9 implementing agencies and the designers who work in the public right-ot-way to understand the needs of all users and design accordingly. Accessibility is not an afterthought. The design of a coherent corridor ot accessible travel should be the starting point for every project in the public right-of-way. If these recommended standards are implemented, then over time public rights-of-way will achieve consistency and equal access for all users. The guidelines proposed in this report do not call for a minor adjustment here and there, they ask for a dramatic change from the way public rights-of-way have been designed in the past. However, they do not require dramatic changes to streets that were built in the past. It is important to understand that the recommended standards, if adopted, will apply whenever new streets are created and whenever existing streets are reconstructed or otherwise altered in ways that affect their usability by pedestrians. Implementation of these recommendations will not require jurisdictions to rebuild existing streets solely to meet these standards. BACKGROUND The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is a civil rights statute that prohibits discrimination against people who have disabilities. Under the ADA, designing and constructing facilities for public use that are not usable by people who have disabilities constitutes discrimination. The ADA covers a wide range of disability, from physical conditions affecting mobility, stamina, sight, hearing, and speech to conditions such as emotional illness and learning disorders. Such disabilities mayor may not be evident to others. The percentage of the US population affected by a condition that constitutes a disability under the ADA is expected to increase over the coming decades, in part due to the growing numbers of the elderly. The ADA addresses access to the workplace (title I), state and local government services (title II), and places of public accommodation and commercial facilities (title III). It also requires telephone companies to provide telecommunications relay services for people who have hearing or speech impairments (title IV) and miscellaneous instructions to Federal agencies that enforce the law (title V). Public rights-of-way are covered by the ADA under title II, subpart A. The Department of Justice (DOJ) has rulemaking authority and enforcement responsibility for title II, while the Department of Transportation (DOT) has been designated to implement compliance procedures relating to transportation, including those for highways, streets and traffic management. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Civil Rights oversees the DOT mandate in these areas. The Access Board is an independent Federal agency responsible for developing accessibility guidelines under the ADA to ensure that new construction and alterations covered by titles II and III of the ADA are readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities. The Access Board initially issued the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) in 1991 (36 CFR 1191, Appendix A). ADAAG consists of general sections (ADAAG 1 to 4) that apply to all types of buildings and facilities, and special sections (ADAAG 5 to 12, and 15) that contain additional requirements for certain types of buildings and facilities. http://www.access-board.gov/prowac/commreptJpartI.htm 4/28/2004 Draft Guidelines on Acces.sible Public Rights Page 12 of31 feet per second will accommodate a broader range of pedestrians and offer greater access. Medians and Pedestrian Refuge Islands (1105.4) The draft guidelines would require that medians and pedestrian refuge islands, where provided, be cut through at street level or have complying curb ramps so that a pedestrian access route is maintained. Specifications for length and detectable warnings apply where signal timing does not permit crossing all traffic lanes in one cycle. Pedestrian Overpasses and Underpasses (1105.5) The draft guidelines address access to pedestrian overpasses and underpasses, which would be required to provide a pedestrian access route. A ramp would be required where the running slope exceeds 1 :20. However, overpasses and underpasses commonly span significant elevation changes. A complying ramp requires at least a foot of run for every inch of elevation, in addition to space for intermediate level landings at least every 30 feet or where a ramp changes direction. Due to the exertion required in maneuvering wheelchairs upslope, lengthy ramps often are unusable and can be impractical due to the amount of right-of-way space they require. The Board is not aware of information that specifically indicates at what point a ramp is too long to be used by persons with disabilities. The advisory committee recommended that an elevation change of 60 inches be the cut-off. Consistent with this recommendation, the draft guidelines would require elevator access where the rise of a ramped approach exceeds 60 inches. The Board seeks comment on whether this is an appropriate trigger for elevator access. The requirement references ADAAG specifications for standard passenger elevators (section 407) and limited-use/limited application elevators (section 408), which are usually smaller and slower than other passenger elevators and are typically used for low-traffic, low- rise installations. In addition to elevator requirements, the draft guidelines apply ADAAG specifications to stairs (section 504) and escalators (section 810.9). Roundabouts (1105.6) A growing trend in roadway design favors continuous-flow roundabouts over traditional signalized intersections. VVhile their design varies widely, roundabouts typically feature a circulatory roadway around a central island. Entering traffic yields to vehicles already in the circle. Increasingly popular in the U.S. because they add vehicle capacity and reduce delay, roundabouts are a common feature in Europe and Australia. Because crossing at a roundabout requires a pedestrian to visually select a safe gap between cars that may not stop, accessibility has been problematic. \fIJhile roundabouts may be an asset to traffic planners in controlling and slowing the flow of traffic at intersections without using traffic signals, the absence of stopped traffic presents a problem for pedestrians with vision impairments in crossing streets. Pedestrians report that vehicles at roundabouts, as well as at other unsignalized crossings, often do not yield for pedestrians. Persons with vision impairments and pedestrians who may hesitate at such crossings are at a particular disadvantage. To provide safer crossing at roundabouts, the draft guidelines would require pedestrian activated crossing signals at each roundabout crosswalk, including those at splitter islands. (The draft guidelines would ensure that such signals are usable by persons with vision http://www.access-board.gov/rowdraft.htm 4/28/2004 ,. 1 Accessible Rights-of-Way Manual Page 3 of 50 . 3.7 Temporary Facilities o 3.7.1 Temporary Facilities o 3.7.2 Temporary Access . 3.8 Vehicular Ways and Facilities o 3.8.1 On-Street Parking o 3.8.2 Scoping o 3.8.3 Parallel Parking o 3.8.4 Other On-Street Parking o 3.8.5 Loading Zones o 3,6.6 Speed Bumps o 3.8.7 Callboxes . 3.9 Accessible Design Resources o 3.9.1 Publications o 3.9.2 Technical Assistance Appendices A. Pedestrian Planning and Funding under TEA-21 B. Accessible Design Resources C. Checklist Chapter 1: Overview of the Americans with Disabilities Act 1.1 Title II of the ADA: State and Local Government Services Title II, subpart A, of the ADA covers State and local government services, including the design and construction of buildings and facilities and the operation of government programs. Rulemaking authority and enforcement are the responsibility of the Department of Justice (DOJ). However, the Department of Transportation (DOT) has been designated to implement compliance procedures relating to transportation, including those for highways, streets, and traffic management. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Civil Rights oversees the DOT mandate in these areas. (Title II, subpart B, which is not covered in this design guide, addresses the acquisition and manufacture of transportation vehicles and the operation of certain transportation systems. Rulemaking authority and enforcement for this section of the ADA are the responsibility of DOT and its modal administrations.) ADA Implementing Regulations Title II implementing regulations for subpart A were published in the Federal Register at 56 FR 144 (28 CFR Part 35) on July 26, 1991. These regulations have three parts: . the preamble; . the rule, and . referenced accessibility standards for new construction and alterations. http://www.access-board.gov/publicationsIPROW%20GuideIPROWGuide.htm 3/3012004 Draft Guidelines on Accessible Public Rights Page 12 of31 , feet per second will accommodate a broader range of pedestrians and offer greater access. Medians and Pedestrian Refuge Islands (1105.4) The draft guidelines would require that medians and pedestrian refuge islands, where provided, be cut through at street level or have complying curb ramps so that a pedestrian access route is maintained. Specifications for length and detectable warnings apply where signal timing does not pennit aossing all traffic lanes in one cycle. Pedestrian Overpasses and Underpasses (1105.5) The draft guidelines address access to pedestrian overpasses and underpasses, which would be required to provide a pedestrian access route. A ramp would be required where the running slope exceeds 1 :20. However, overpasses and underpasses commonly span significant elevation changes. A complying ramp requires at least a foot of run for every inch of elevation, in addition to space for intennediate level landings at least every 30 feet or where a ramp changes dir8ction. Due to the exertion required in maneuvering wheelchairs upslope, lengthy ramps often are unusable and can be impractical due to the amount of right-of-way space they require. The Board is not aware of infonnation that specifically indicates at what point a ramp is too long to be used by persons with disabilities. The advisory committee recommended that an elevation change of 60 inches be the cut-off. Consistent with this recommendation, the draft guidelines would require elevator access where the rise of a ramped approach exceeds 60 inches. The Board seeks comment on whether this is an appropriate trigger for elevator access. The requirement references ADAAG specifications for standard passenger elevators (section 407) and limited-usellimited application elevators (section 408), which are usually smaller and slower than other passenger elevators and are typically used for low-traffic, low- rise installations. In addition to elevator requirements, the draft guidelines apply ADAAG specifications to stairs (section 504) and escalators (section 810.9). Roundabouts (1105.6) A growing trend in roadway design favors continuous-flow roundabouts over traditional signalized intersections. While their design varies widely, roundabouts typically feature a circulatory roadway around a central island. Entering traffic yields to vehicles already in the circle. Increasingly popular in the u.s. because they add vehicle capacity and reduce delay, roundabouts are a common feature in Europe and Australia. Because crossing at a roundabout requires a pedestrian to visually select a safe gap between cars that may not stop, accessibility has been problematic. While roundabouts may be an asset to traffic planners in controlling and slowing the flow of traffic at intersections without using traffic signals, the absence of stopped traffic presents a problem for pedestrians with vision impainnents in crossing streets. Pedestrians report that vehicles at roundabouts, as well as at other unsignalized crossings, otten do not yield for pedestrians. Persons with vision impainnents and pedestrians who may hesitate at such crossings are at a particular disadvantage. To provide safer crossing at roundabouts, the draft guidelines would require pedestrian activated crossing signals at each roundabout crosswalk, including those at splitter islands. (The draft guidelines would ensure that such signals are usable by persons with vision http://www.access-board.gov/rowdraft.htm 3/30/2004 Draft Guidelines on Accessible Public Rights Page 13 of3! impairments under requirements in section 1106 discussed below.) Although roundabouts are typically used to avoid signalization, the Board is not aware of alternatives that would allow safe passage for pedestrians with disabilities. Aside from accessibility, the use of roundabouts in areas of high pedestrian use has been questioned by some in the industry. Requiring the signal to be pedestrian activated may help limit the impact on traffic flow. Signal technologies are available that can further minimize the impact, such as devices that halt traffic only while a pedestrian is in the crosswalk. The Board seeks information on alternative design strategies and available technologies that can improve access at roundabouts for persons with disabilities, particularly those with vision impairments. Barriers or similarly distinct elements are needed to prevent blind persons from inadvertently crossing a roundabout roadway in unsafe locations. The draft guidelines would require a continuous barrier along the street side of the sidewalk where pedestrian crossing is prohibited. If a railing is used, it must have a bottom rail no higher than 15 inches. This dimension would allow use of a standard roadside guardrail while providing sufficient cane detectability . Turn Lanes at Intersections (1105.7) The draft guidelines also include a requirement for a pedestrian activated signal at each segment of a crosswalk that crosses right or left turn slip lanes. Accessible Pedestrian Signal Systems (1102.8, 1106) At signalized intersections, people with vision impairments typically rely on the noise of traffic alongside them as a cue to begin crossing. The effectiveness of this technique is compromised by various factors, including increasingly quiet cars, pennitted right turns on red, pedestrian activated signals, and wide streets. Further, low traffic volumes may make it difficult to discern signal phase changes. Technologies are available that enable audible and vibrating signals to be incorporated into pedestrian signal systems, which are those systems that provide signals expressly for pedestrians, such as ''walk'' signs. The draft guidelines would require pedestrian signal systems, where provided, to provide both audible and vibrating indications of the "walk" interval. Typically, a small box, with a directional arrow, emits an audible tone or voice message and vibrates when the walk interval begins. Increasingly, signals activated by pedestrians, usually by means of a push button, are being installed. The draft guidelines would require push buttons, where provided, to be equipped with a locator tone integrated into the signaling device to indicate that pedestrian activation is necessary and to identify the location of the push button. The Board is proposing to apply these requirements where pedestrian signal systems are provided at pedestrian crossings. The advisory committee had recommended limiting their application only where certain types of pedestrian signal systems are provided, such as those that are pedestrian activated. The Board believes that access should be required at all crossings equipped with pedestrian signals to ensure a consistent level of accessibility within a pedestrian network. Compliant products are available. A project the Board sponsored on accessible pedestrian signals provides a synthesis on current technology in accessible pedestrian signals, including a listing of devices and manufacturers in the U.S. and abroad, and a matrix comparing the features of each device. The project report, It A~cessible e~dfl$.tri~uLSJgnat~1t provides information on several different types of devices on the market, including audible, vibrating, and receiver -based infrared systems. Audible systems are now http://www.access-board.gov/rowdraft.htm 3/30/2004 Draft Guidelines on Accessible Public Rights Page 14 of31 available that feature discreet tones which automatically adjust to the ambient noise level. These systems have replaced older products that had raised concerns about noise pollution. In addition, the criteria for pedestrian signal devices, most of which are consistent with MUTeD specifications, address: . placement close to the crosswalk they serve and separation from other signals; . mounting location at accessible reach ranges (as specified in ADAAG section 308); . clear ground space (complying with ADAAG section 305) that is connected to the pedestrian access route; . characteristics of required tone or voice indicators; . operating characteristics for pushbuttons (as specified in ADAAG section 309.4 for operable parts); and . tactile and visual signs that indicate crosswalk direction, street names, and crosswalk configurations. Street Furniture (1102.9, 1107) The draft guidelines provide requirements for street furniture made available for pedestrian use, including drinking fountains, public telephones, toilet facilities, tables, and benches. The draft guidelines would not require provision of street furniture, but instead would apply access requirements where such furniture is provided for pedestrian use. Access would not be required to elements that do not serve pedestrians, such as utility poles, fire hydrants, and signal transformers. Since the types of furniture addressed in this section are covered in ADAAG, this section references relevant ADAAG requirements. Clear Floor Space (1107.2) The draft guidelines address wheelchair access to street furniture by referencing requirements for clear floor or ground space in ADAAG 305. Such space must be connected to a pedestrian access route and meet ADAAG criteria for size (30 by 48 inches minimum), surfacing, knee and toe clearances, positioning, approach, and maneuvering clearances. Drinking Fountains (1107.3) ADAAG requirements for drinking fountains in section 602 cover access for people who use wheelchairs and access for standing persons who may have difficulty bending or stooping. The draft guidelines would apply these requirements for this dual access to each installation in public rights-of-way. This can be achieved by providing two units at each location or installing single units that provide dual access, such as those equipped with two spouts or combination high-lo types. Public Telephones (1107.4) ADAAG requirements for public telephones in section 704 cover wheelchair access, volume controls, and TTYs, which are devices that enable people with hearing or speech impairments to communicate through the telephone. For single installations, the draft guidelines would require public telephones to provide wheelchair access and TTY access. Where a bank of telephones is provided, these requirements are to be met at two different phones. All public telephones would be required to have volume controls, which is consistent with ADAAG, as well as guidelines the Board issued for telecommunication products under section 255 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, which requires telecommunication products and services to be accessible. http://www.access-board.gov/rowdraft.htm 3130/2004 . · Existing MUTeD Guidance on APS Page 1 of6 ~(;~::rp _~M~linf~.lrl ..,~",:,,,:,~ PedestrIan ilnod Bicyde Infurm.ttioft Ce.nw .:. ;,(!mep;;(,ji!. join emaillist ask a ql Eo back to Designing for Pedestrians with Disabilitie: . __ddddddl . ddd!~~ ; Home : Background : Travel by Blind : Research : Rules & Reaulations . APS in the US . Summary of legislation . Developing standards and Guidelines . Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices - MUTCD . ADA Draft Public Riohts-of-Wav Accessibi\itv Guidelines ... Existing MUTCD Guidance on APS . Draft Accessible Riohts-of-way Guidelines on APS . Existing PROWAAC Guidance on APS : Technologies & Features :~ : Walk Indications : Other Features : Choosing & Installing : Where to Install : Designina Installations : New Construction or Reconstruction : Retrofittina an Intersection withanAPS : Installation Specifications : Reid Adiustments : State of Practices : Case Studies .: International Practice : Devices : Manufacturers ; Selection Tool : Product Matrix ; PDF Downloads Existing MUTeD Guidance on APS The Millennium Edition of the MUTeD (December 28, 2001 version) contains twc sections that pertain to APS. Both sections are reproduced below. 1. Section 4E.06. "Accessible Pedestrian Signals." provides standards on audible tones, verbal messages, and vibrotactile devices. 2. Section 4E.08. "Accessible Pedestrian Signal Detectors." addresses pushbutton design, placement, and locator tones for APS. Section 4E.06 Accessible Pedestrian Signals Support: The primary technique that pedestrians who have visual disabilities use to cross: at signalized intersections is to initiate their crossing when they hear the traffic in them stop and the traffic alongside them begin to move, corresponding to the om; the green interval. This technique is effective at many signalized intersections. n existing environment is often sufficient to provide the information that pedestriarn: have visual disabilities need to operate safely at a signalized intersection. Therefi many signalized intersections will not require any accessible pedestrian signals. Guidance: If a particular signalized intersection presents difficulties for pedestrians who hav. disabilities to cross safely and effectively, an engineering study should be condu( considers the safety and effectiveness for pedestrians in general, as well as the information needs of pedestrians with visual disabilities. Support: The factors that might make crossing at an intersection difficult for pedestrians wi visual disabilities include: increasingly quiet cars, right turn on red (which masks 1 beginning of the through phase), continuous right-turn movements, complex sign operations, traffic circles, and wide streets. Further, low traffic volumes might mal difficult for pedestrians who have visual disabilities to discern signal phase chang Local organizations, providing support services to pedestrians who have visual al hearing disabilities, can often act as important advisors to the traffic engineer Whl consideration is being given to the installation of devices to assist such pedestria Additionally, orientation and mobility specialists or similar staff also might be able provide a wide range of advice. The U.S. Access Board's DocumentA-37, "Accel Pedestrian Signals," provides various techniques for making pedestrian signal information available to persons with visual disabilities. Accessible pedestrian signals provide information in non-visual format (such as a http://www. walkinginfo.orglaps/ appendixa.cfm 4/28/2004 ,. Existing MUTeD Guidance on APS Page 2 of6 Full Guide Ratina Scales ReId Adiustments tones, verbal messages, and/or vibrating surfaces). Information regarding detectors for accessible pedestrian signals is found in Sect 4E.08. . Glossary Standard: When used, accessible pedestrian signals shall be used in combination wit pedestrian signal timing. The infonnation provided by an accessible pedest signal shall clearly indicate which pedestrian crossing is served by each dE Under stop-and-go operation, accessible pedestrian signals shall not be liR operation by the time of day or day of week. Guidance: The installation of accessible pedestrian signals at signalized intersections shoul( based on an engineering study. which should consider the following factors: A. Potential demand for accessible pedestrian signals. B. A request for accessible pedestrian signals. Traffic volumes during times when pedestrians might be present; including perioe traffic volumes or high turn-on-red volumes. C. The complexity of traffic signal phasing. D. The complexity of intersection geometry. Support: Technology that provides different sounds for each non-concurrent signal phase frequently been found to provide ambiguous information. Standard: When choosing audible tones, possible extraneous sources of sounds (sue: wind, rain, vehicle back-up warnings, or birds) shall be considered in order eliminate potential confusion to pedestrians who have visual disabilities. Guidance: Audible pedestrian tones should be carefully selected to avoid misleading pedest who have visual disabilities when the following conditions exist: A. Where there is an island that allows unsignalized right turns across a crosswal between the island and the sidewalk. B. Where multi-leg approaches or complex signal phasing require more than two pedestrian phases, such that it might be unclear which crosswalk is served by ea audible tone. C. At intersections where a diagonal pedestrian crossing is allowed, or where om receives a WALKING PERSON (symbolizing WALK) signal indication simultaneo with another street. Standard: When accessible pedestrian signals have an audible tone(s), they shalf hav tone for the walk interval. The audible tone(s) shall be audible from the beg of the associated crosswalk. If the tone for the walk interval is similar to thE pushbutton locator tone, the walk interval tone shan have a faster repetitior than the associated pushbutton locator tone. Support: A pushbutton focator tone is a repeating sound that informs approaching pedestri http://www. walkinginfo.org/aps/appendixa.cfm 4/28/2004 r-- \D t+o< o ..... (I) 01) c:l$ Cl; ..... c: (I) E e IU > 0, d Cd (.) o ......:l --0 ~ B c<;J - if) !:::l ..... .q - :0 c:l$ '" a e..... o "" "00 clS /Xl (I) .s I:: o c: .2 .... clS c: 's ..... M ~ ~ s::: o Z ~ u ~ 00 ;;:J ~ ~ o ~ z ~ ~ ~ < r:. ~ Q - .. J,., ~ r:; " ~ t- = J,., s .... < " -= .... - o " ~ -n ('f') ~ ..( ~ ~ e 00 M ,....., Q Z J,., " "Q J,., o - ..... " ~ '> J,., " 00 .... = " e 1: J,., " ... ~ "; ~ <:> ..:l "C = .. ~ .... . - 00 = - ~ .- - :Ei . .!i ~ - o \If) .- ... . = ~ -= .... = <:> = o '... .... . = ,- s ,... J,., W Q!'J ,- " = <:> Z ~ .... .... .., = ~ c.... e .... = ~ e .... ~ . Co ~ = ~ u z r;ril ~ < ~ - = "" - c; = f.i: .. z o ;...( ~ u < c: .s .0 ~"" Ii g .1 .~] .~ = 'xJ ,- "l3 .... o (IS It}~c..-. e't"" :J .., "+:2 ,S 1:: O'C 6 ~ f ~.. 5 ~.~ ~ ~ ~ 8 GllI .- s:; rn._ - t'Q .... .~. . ~ S.2 ~ 8.~ ~ ..Q..c.- (I) \l) 0 ~ >,'_ :a Q"t:l ~..d rIl "O..c::: ;> e ~ t+o<o QO..... I::: ;; 0.. '0 ...'"0 1:::0 l-olll - l:::G;o'~~o~ ii g. 0 0 C::C',;:: - l-o ._ lot .;i 0 0.-...... ~ 0 ~ tH :E - ..;:: ..c::::: c: t..:;. ~;:E]~2~(I)E ~ +:t 0 C!:l._ 0.. rIl 5 rIl ~ :-= a ~ .s e :a ~ .~ f?.gll.ll9l:(I)..c::CI.l..c::: ...... ~..c: Vi ~ c:.~.~ 0 o~ :;;c..-.:a ~~ cl$ <Us - ~ "0 0 t+o< '" ...0 ~.s5~O~~~d .~ .........-. en ~ ..,I ~ ...... ..ci ~ ~. ~ r:: CIJ "0 cd jlS .. ll.l .E.g 0.';; a-a JIo4 G1 ~ 0..... 0 ~ r:: E tf ~ ti ~ :E -g .S.~ 8 -< '>= ~ 0 (I)~ 0 1;; (liS ~v l-o\-<-S::: I." E 0 0.. 0 11>.... ~ ..... -o~-E..c::: .-:: .- M t;::: e:e'r:: CIJ - "1:2. r-- _ IU It} H."'" .- <IJ > ""' .0 rn ~- -i ~ 0 ..... (I)..s (1)._ ~ lilt .- tel c... 0.. ~ g "0..... lfJ ~~1iO:~<<S~~ . i:i t7' 8 0 .s 2 rIl :a -g \L '~..I. :g ~ i~ b ~ j" 9 . =t..;:l 5 .... 8 0 ~ 3 B .5 0 (.) 0.. u ..... 'J:: .:- :e:5 .5 < ~] m J.g~~]:~~E ~~ i' (I) j:; r.w ~ (I)~:;:: t.=. ..c::: ..c:::::sO 0.01-.00.- ~ \h l.s g.;! tB"t:i ~ o cii.;:Jc..-. ~O ~~<; ..... ."II!" 0'- c:.....::I '; :I~ .i ~ ::E a ~ ] ':;:l . lI") ~ ~ (I) ..... '';:: ~ . ~ U) l-o.r:; "0 c..-.u 0 6 ;j S:::.3 t::c: 0= "t'';:: ~ ~ O"'<E ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ !:::l'C e <n ~ (I) a. rIl ta (I) Q t) ~ - >-. ~ ~ (IJ...... .:5 ..0 >-. ] -- 0 ~ .0 e.o (I) ell CIJ ;:i M :s ~ 0. "0 "0 (I) <<! ti:l 0"' ~ rn ~ IU IU -s - "0 ""' tl~ rf~f.t..<+-<~'::: c: ..... l:: II u:':::: .1lJ 0 ~ r.t5 CI;l ..0 E :a 'E 'S "~>- fd 5 g N (I) c... 1;) rIl U "0 _~'+:I . _ !;' _QllIlQ(I)fa'" o:s..o ;; 6' .~.; ~ s _~ ~ 'a .~ l:: ..... III t\j c: _ s::: ::3 "0 ~ 1U"'c::1-. -Oee..... - .b._ t:lO 0 ~ .::1 0 21O.e-O"O":OE;:: ~ rn oS;::: a 1d (I) ~ 0 0 E-t .- ....- ..d - 0 .-+:1 -< ~a .D "t:l ......;:: ~ IU..... Id ""' " 1(1)(1)....'"0>1::0 fooo4 .. = ,- t] rIl 8 C:':: tP .:;: ~ ~.8 ~.~] e ::3 ~ ~ ~ /IIilI .. Q to ..... c.;;.; -g ~ cd-S ~.5 GIl >-. ~ ':::-'..c (I) rn'r::: u~ ~ e'qj - .:::.- fI} >, (I) i,j ~ ...... Q;J "0 :;:: :.::: -- "0 CIJ f;lil ....0 i> :=l ~ .oca 'S; ..... ~ . .~ 'I) "0 '0 rn f! .:;:) o"t:i ~ 111 ;g .f3 ~ .5:a ~ g' a '0 f;lil r:; u ~ ~ Z o U Z o .... i o ~ ~ =: ~ == ~ ;;;:J ~ ~ o ~ ,,-... d' ~ .g ~ g czi 1;; 00::)(1) ~ (1).5 .~..c::: ....:l > ..... c: ~ 'o.~ --o::::~....; c: clS E l-o tOi:rS~ ;:: 0 t.=. S 0'- c:: "';: ,,~~ ::t Cd>....;:: t:I:.::'.......(I) ~r:~~ 01: oo,..!.. o bO- - U'.:jS:::O ~O"'" 1f - ';j "0 .......>.> c: ..c: ......- (I) UU~~ ~ _~ (I) .~ u..c e; bh<;;~ ~ ~ ~E 0..;:: 0 ;:l ...... I-. ;:: cQ::::..c:::(I) ~~;8 i:ij.~ (I)..c ~QoQ., 2-55..2 I.I)'Z;: 8 ~ i:::~::> u ~ o <l!l (I) (I) .r;j ~.o..c ..... 0 >-.~ >.- <<S .---...... ~ 01U50 ~~~~ OO(l);:::l,""-, ...., ..c::: "0 ~ .............M - ;::.::: ~ .;';: 0 "0 0 ...... (1).5 I U t,,) (I) -.:r --:ErJ'1.~ o:s 0 (I) lI") ""' ..c::: ,,-... ~ ......~N CJ~~~ >-. ~ lI") 6 (I) ._ 0 eON,-:; g..d'~2S <~O~ E"8 6-::- ~ ~ ti>~ 'r;} . = 0 ... ....:l.- I <.El~ ~o~,,-... :s.... N Q.,'~IU~O (l)S:::oN o .S! '';:: '-' n CIJ fIJ""::: (1)-.....:;:) IU ..:.:>....0 clS ...... t+o< ..... 1-.000 Cl<l)_> .1: ;::-- c:; :.~ S 0 a~~M _=0 -e.:; 0...J. IXS....-I G.)......-+ a:lUOll") z o .... i o ~ z ;...( ~ ~ Z ~ ~ ...:r ~ ~ ;;:J rI1 v o ~. -.. ~ N -.... -.:r ~ ;:: \:) .tc ~ c2 ~ N bO ~ "t:i -B o -.. ;> o Of) '0' -0 CIJ ;:i 1 ---.: 0- ~ .s::: r--- \0 <+.. o M Q.> 0() ~ P-1 ..... C IU e E IU > o d ta u o ....:l "'0 I:: ~ IU -;; ..... en c .- & ~ rn o <+.. o <IJ ..... til cd lXl IU -:S c o I:: o .~ c .6 'C: ~ :.a c o Z "'0 = cd ~ fIj'" ..Q8 00._ .C: C: ........ IU .> rn .- .... U C IU (I) > S .;j E I::: IU (I) > ijo &-. 01) P.Cii Eo o 0 u ........ III "'0 ~; .- > (\) 8~ P.en om: 0\ = 0\0 ......-i..;:j ~ ~ ~-g >.s "3E ~o I:: 0 o ~ "'00 .B~ ~..c = ::s (\)p. n ....n -::--s:: - . (I) o E <>. IU 0 -50. : S 5~ - 0 <en ~~ - ~ ;::......(\) 0;13 <I::: .- :; rn ..p (I) ._.~ -'- :.0:::: ~~ .- rJ'j Cl~ .s.s .~.~ rn rn ~~ o ::s . c: "'0 <Ii IU.> s:: e:.ao <.S '-S ~oo a; .... '2 ~gS ~.~ S ........~o (1)....0 .L:8~ f-; 0.. B s:: 0\ 'C) .g s:: en ~ (IJ ~ . ~ (I) s:: "'0 Cij (I) (1).- ~,-<:: 0 s:: p.. ..;::: ; S s:: .....+:; Cd "'0 .- 'c.- 0 ll:l ~ s:: t:lG .~ of 0 e .... '3 s:: cd ~ 1:) 5.~.J:: ~ OI).~ : n U ll:lto::o"'O 0 IJ) ~ 1a ~co "0 ~ ~.~ ~ (I) ~.~ M s:: (1)._ -g - ..c: ~.- - cd~..o _ 0.... v:-;:: as <Il~:.E 0 rn....~ 0-0 Fh:f 0 s:: ~ cU "~IJ) iUs::&-.IUIU-5-:S ~ 1-0 c:d o..~ oJ:: _ O().... 01) ~ fjll:l="'O o Ul '5 .rn IU "0 4,) +i 0 1-0 .~ ._ "0 -2 ._ tI:.~ 0 p.o'-<:: s:: >'+-< ~ .. ~ 5 ~ ~.~ 8 0 IJ).~ o ~~ ~ -5 0.. t: i>.E ~ ~ >. Q -5 cu;.::::.~ <Ii g>o- o.-!:.o 0 .... ._ V"l til s:: ~ ._ cd c: "'0 c:..;::I ed;;> ~ -0 e ~.g ~.~ <n fr 8 a Eta ~ gj ~OCl g r.n (I) "" <t1 < IJ) i ~~e....-<]CUi3~k 00 4) .- Cl (,) oS;S loot ClO -;; ~ "3:, < ~ ,+-<'~ ~ 8 (,) IU t"- IJ) s:: 0 ~ &-. P. o a ..s t.;:; "V "'0 :0.."0 ~e~,+-<-;;o5o$ =I-<V)0""'C"f .....0 aSo ._IUl:l..(....::s cu ;:>--0000"'0 ~ ~ 0\ ~ ~ .~ < 8. 5 en 0 ~..p Q) Q,) Q) fj U S IJ) > en.L: I-< >> o -g QIJ.- c: -.L: - ~~"'O ~ 8 o-s:~e .~ IJ) 5 (,) ~ ~ .~ ~ Q,) -oiQ).....<n::s: ~-g Q, C ~ 0 c:d _ "'0 t+:i 9-Cd .C.oCE<ll .....-rn<llo Q)",_ ..c:.~ cU 4) 0 1;; n .- (,) <1.1 .~ "'0 rtl._ _ &-. '.... ~ Mn.> ~ ta sg"V <8 ~ -;; S; .~ fi . ~ 8 S g .J'<n . u"" - cU <I'J..c: IJ) p.. ._ ~ '+-<....0 ..... Clmo-g5g~t:lG!:! < 50 ed E I-o-a~ 5b t;:; .J'< <1.1 ~ p.,-<:: - IJ) ,.g til........ a U g. <1.1 co 1-0 .... 1-0 C iU > 0:::: N _Ill 15 ~.g 5o~:.a IJ) 1ii 8 IU S 0 ~ ':;:% "'0 .- :::: ~;.:::: a til . . '.;:1 IJ) -;; cu '+-< ,- "'0 0 <Il .... t+:; ~ ~o~lJ).9g~:.a'+-< ~ ~..c: ~ "'O.+:; e 0 0 1> c: ~.;l ~ ~ IU U ..... < .5, IU ~ cu ~ 0. ~ ~5 ..... oJ:: >...... cu e I:: Q) 0 ....... -- .s .....-- 1i ~ 1> e V} ~ .B s::~ ~ ..0 ~"V ~ ~ '" ~.,8 IU ~coOIUOS::&-.ll:lQ <I) V) ~ oS 0 IU '"3 Q,) J!l $:; c ~ '.;I s::: Ol)'-<:: s:: IU 0'- 0 Ur~ IU..... II) ~'';:: 0.. - Q,) \wi &-. oJ:: e u ed"V <Il >, l:l ...... (I) aJ U 0 00 II) 0 ::: - Q,) rI}:.a V) ~ C'~ ~ Q., > >, s:: s:: '.;:: I:; ed :: ~ So..otVOt;l)OS::...., . - Ol) "Cl ..e .::1 . >< t=;a C g ~ e ~ ~ ~ < a.g '.;:3 U Q,) rn 1> IU 0 ll:l !:!..2 ~.~ 'S rn..s U.~ ~ "0 0 ed II) c:: >, _0 5 Il) Cl >,..0 ..... .S! ..0 e e 1-0 Cd "'0 IU c:o: ...., "Cl cU IJ) tV'-<:: "0 ,- IJ) r..;..:; S .~ 1;j (I) .... ; ~ ::s (j3 0 ..e~I-o~ I-oUl:>() f-i rJ:l til 0 E p..~;;>:: IU Q.> ~"it aJ -5~~~ .... 0:: "Cl >: o n IU ..... c+:; "V I-Lc . C .-......1-00 ~o$I)..e w-fiS ~-O<<l C~IJ)~ 1I)"'O.;3..Q ... I-< .... 43 0 >. l-o _ 1U..o IU 1I),,"Cl"'O :>.:::' Q,) s:: ?~:l;:i "Cl (,) ~ "'0 t:I Q)._ Q) c:d ~ "" ::l .,~ Q III 6 0.0.~ '.j:l .... +:; s:: lG....cdo g ~~.~ -0 Ul 11)"3 ~,-l-obD ::s I-< II) .s o..cS w --t ....n........ C CliI a:l Q,) 0 (I) II) "Cl '+:J ::r: >. 0 <..eo 1l)0.....0 8::::~u e<B"'O~ c:d II) IJ) _ ~.L: C "'0 . Q~~a~ II) 1I)..c: ~ C\ -:S g.~ .e-- c:d ..r::'C s:: >,..... :.. 0.- ..c0....-f:!O t"- 'r;; en ~ V) t"- ~ fJ c:d N 0\ N ...... ~ =...... S::.- 50 0 1-0 .- 0= O'~ (I) "C ~ l-o ~--e IUctl.CO ;:i .... "'0 ~ <Il""" Q,) 1-0 (I) .~ ~ ~ g > :a ~.~ u.s ~ "2 co _<Il g ~~~~~ S;1Se~>. S::o :'5!:g($ ,..0 > <ll II) ..g e c..::. ~.~ ~0..5,-ti -~bD::S 01)..... 0..... c..r::C:I-o~ .::1 u. 0 p. 0 5~~~t: ~o~to~ 15..;l-ou't: S.~ s:: ~ [ .- ..... 0._ IU ........... c 5 > ~ .- 0 ..0 't~ c E cu cUas:.a"9fi ........ I-< "" ~-gg~B lVtVo..r::-o - Ul .....", - J!l.",- Ul ~._ (I) b J3 ;:j "'0 '0 ~ ,.g~~!~ f-i 0....... cU .t:l co t"-~ -00\..e B- ..... .- (I) c :3-50 ....."0 cu c;: II) ':::1U0:> .... e as -OQ,)..c lao.a rI} e 0 cu........,z:: .- 0 cU 0...._ 5s::~ bOOO as.~ 1-0 cucU- >........ ed '.;:1 ~tB BE"ti cu II) Q,) ~ Q. ~ al ~.~ b '0 ~o..... asE.s::u ~c:do.g >. "Cl ~ g ..c 8...e u 'i..2:G>> .... 4).- II) g~g-5 ]"Cl ~~ o (I) ed'';:: o .~ "il ';> <Il rI} 1-<.::;1 .~~~ ~ .- '+-< IU ..5 0 ~ ] o .... 0 as cd C 00 en "Clll)~e ij~-5tb 1llp.(I)O ~o.ga Ol) IU ~ (I) O..c: ..s 1-<.....0 p. ~IJ) C 00'..;::1.- ..... V) .> 0.. ~M.~ B oN 0,- "'.....c:d"Cl s:: 1-0 "'0 = o IU l:l ed .+=l"E Cd.d gO~rI)S t'I) Q,) c.....;> -0 o'~ to ~ Cl a 0 as O&-. ..0 '::;I ~ P. s:: ~ ~ 1S .0 ;.::::o.....-S Q.,..... 0 C Q.,..... ::s._ as~-ge "Cl ;::l 0'J:: ~~u~ ~ ~ ~:.a t . C;; 01) ... II) 1-0 C (I) .~ .g .~ ~c;~:.o Q,) IU .- ....V} I-<.L: ~........ t8 8 oc:d-o.. U t) c ~ O II) Q,) ~ e Q. co P-1 "'0 >. t"-tf'ls::..... 0\ IU ~, 0 .....-..,'5 .s~~E. = IU ..~ rJ'j - .~ e ..... ll:l > ft '::;1 Q) 0...... ed~ "ClQ,) s:: B cU..c: rn - e ~ as 6 bb.~ 0........ ~5h "'OIU II) I-< o.~ ::l,-<:: '\:i..... C::'+-< o 0 U rI} >,1:: ........0 ta ..... ii5 "Cltl. c.a&-. o '\:i ...." a~ "'0 BIl) IlfJ b() ._ co ~~ >.as -........ ''is .. == "" IU ~-5 ~s:: 1-0.- tE~ "V ~ o V) I-< l:l 0 o en~ ''5 ..... Il) 5 rI} E ooe e._ .~ ::s c::0" (I) e E p.'~ S ;; .- ..... ell 0:> S..g <Ii .- CIl c 1ii.:: 0 ....-t <U....... ::s .L: 1;;; bO....._ e c ::s '+-<.- .~ o c: .... .... 0 ..." IU'~ 2' ..0 ed._ e.C - cd.~ E > ~ Q.> ~ IU ~.Ei3 ~;'E IU &:) 0 fi><J:: B.~~ .- ..... Q.,eu ~ IU e 0-5:.a II) ,-<:: .... -:S .~ ..... 5 ..... rn .fi.i C o u Q,) ..0 - - ~< ~.~ <~ ~4:: .E 0 ..0- :::t= 0"'0 g>ij ..;j ,...... fi '" ell) += 0....;:: 15..s e 0 ._~ l:l rI} 0..... ..;:: 0.. ll:l IU - 0 ~g 1-0 () <I'J'\:i 1::~ 4) CD e s:: t.S! c:d ." fr'> Q8 Il)tl. fi~ ~-g fio "'.5 ~ ,;;: ..... 0 ~..... C1"1i:j CD_ 1-0 ::l <b() ~~ II) s:: -5t+:: c..... _rJ'j 0= -Q,) ee ;;~ Np. c: Il) 00 .~ cu 4)13 rJ'j ~ uf s:: ;:i O.L: '';: f-i :.e. -0< ~~ ~ .... ti!l ~ ~ J< ~ ~ ~ ~ <c..... s:: II) 0 ..... ':;:% rn <.~ 4) ~.g~ "''''0 b04,) Q,) c: 0 ~'+:1 8 .....c:o. 13cu"O ~5~ t-t~ ~ Q,)s rn '+S "0 .~.- &; _. tlO~ -cs:: S::.l""l as ...... ..,..:It:j .... t: as rI'J Q,) e . e CD <ll ~2.~ 0.. "'0 . ~ .5 ~ tE ,-". 0 ll) ~ 0.. "'0 i::a01U ~a-5 '+-<c o 0 OI)Q,)rI'J _u..... '::;'g = ~=E 8 c:d S ~"'Oo 2 Il) U ..e"Cl "'O.~ IU cu__ en.,.t:;) .- o ::s.~ 0.. p.cs 8....<1.1 ,p..i~ ~~~ Il)cUp.. ,~ p.;,2:; o(l).J:: s:: 0 u c:d1U~ "'0 -5 . II) ~ 00 .c:.....M tno\V'I :':::0\00 .o-,J ~ n_ P.co ~ IJ)N\O (,) e;. V) ..-:s flit . . ~ 2 ~ ..... ..... <4-0 ..0 .i;l 0ll)\JC .....~ ~ c::=~ (1)0- S . ~ 1:: N ... o:Joni5 ift! ~ Q~II) CU~.J:: ..c: ..... .....1Ds:: .. \t') ..... 0;: a..: < O\~o ......ti!l.( N~ .~ d) M~13 i>>..... '+-< a; ~ 0 2~~ ..0 d) cu r~ += ~ -. .- l:lQ,)..... o-:S~ ;; o N --- ~ ~ ~ g ..c: N ~ '(a "'0 as e ~ ~ '0' "'0 <'-I ::s ~ ~ ~ ,-<:: f' \0 r.s - - (I) 00 t';S ~ E (I) S c: "'" (I) > o C) Cd (,) o ....:l "0 ~ (I) ~ - en .s >. :t: - .- ~ <I:l o '+-< o <I:l .- <I:l cG ~ (I) -:S c: o c: o .~ c: .s .- I-< (,) <I:l :.a c: o Z Q) il "0"'0 (1)"'0 "OtIS .2S gc -- Cl$ >.rn "0<1'1 ro (I) ~ g CdE .~ ::3 c~ ::3 ~ ~~:~ c:aJ' . iil "'" 1-<c.9 ..0(1) o i> '';: ..c: ror-. E- ~;a ~.~ rI.i _ooh .-0.... O'O"E ~"'" 0 '-" ~ .~ ..c:c:"O g.: Cd "'" ~ 0 ~.~.~ a ~ 0 0.<11'0 E-- _5 B ~ .~ ,~-a -;; >. r.s ..c::"O<I) +-' 0 (I) g ..0 0.. "'O"OE uBro "O.~ ><: "0-(1) ~ (I) (I) u -:S > ..0 '+-< -.;: : o;g Cue ::3 c: (I) .2' 0 ~ ..... C<<) "'" c:c:fr . a'';: · . (,) Ill) ..o~-8 o ....._ '';: .... > ~ c: 0 CO! 0 1-< s:; -.;: 0.. ::S_.... >. e!"O_ .... e c: : 0 0 1Uo..c:: ..c:Cd(,) +-' 0.- "0'- ..c:: 4.) bI) ~ ..:.:..9 ~ ~.2 g ll'J rn..;: 1-< >. ~ 4.)..c::_ - 0..::3 c: ro 00 erne -- 4.) E :t: ..c: o (I)+-' (,) <I:l 0 >'::S+-' c: ro E al 0 ::E.8B 1i:l 00 -5 aJ' 2 (I)-<I:l<l:l"O !:j (,) (I) cQ ~ .~ c.S"O ~.~ B +-' Q) ::S..... <I:l Q) <I:l ..c: - "'0 0 5+-'gt::"3~ o r.s.- gJ e 0 :2 +-' g..c:..8 ~ 5 ~:B ~ E! e :>:.= c:" ~ c: ? t+:..., .-'- .....c:n c: C)- al.- .... ~..;:-(1.) ..c: >."0 (,) t';S <I:l ..... 1: (I) .,.~ 8 ~ rn ec -5.- 0 <I:l g ;3 '+-< ~ o.~ -- (,) 0 1-< CO! 1$ 'f~..2 s:; > ~ t:G 3 ~ ~t::l c: 0...- t:G ~ ...... '" 9""""'t Q) 1-4 - 1-< .... "-'" -a 0 . o .~ ..c: __ 4.) -o..-(,)ct= rn~ t:G t:G "5 '';: tij ~..c: "'" e as Q) ~(,)~ 8"3 ~~~:>;S~ ~ I+-< 0.. -a c. "il 1lI)0c:osc: ::3 ~..... ~ ~t;:; O(l)~~'-"4.) .j> ~ o.."t:l ~-5 e.2: E ~ ~.5 OCllt';S-<I:l (,) c: >< ::3._"0 c: (I) (I) ~ -0 t:(1.) o..c::~ ::3> c:eoSt::l~ "'0 c...... ~ c: CO! <I:l ~ ._ ij oS:;:'= >'.,.n U'J Q) .,. (I) t:G rn C)..c: fr-~ ~ ::3 4.) _ _ ._ .2 -:S ...- -a:::: :0 bI) 00 (I) (I) ~ ..;: ac:> ~<I:li:d g.c ~ ~;a S (')~~Cdbl)B n C... 0.. e c. ~ 4.) . "il -- S o4-0e"",E>.~. *.p 0 '"1..0 ~ rIJ ..~ >.. +:i Q,).-c L'Ct "a ~. c.E i> 0 "'" : =::s (,)tl::04.) o (,) (I) ~._ (,) (,) o u::: -s "" (,)..... 4.) o~s::1::8.1Uc: q:: "'0 . - 4.) In 8 rIJ .!.8 -g ,g ~ ~ ~ rlJc::;t;:;Cl$(I)SC: Q) o.g g..s >..8 ..c: Q) 4.). s:; :::: _m 1\; ..... """'0 --- 0 ::; ::s..... bI) '" (1.) t+:: "" Cl$ (I) e c: rn. ~ (,)..o.J:: 0 <<t J:: o 0 t:G ..;: ..E ~ .....'O~Q)oo..(,) fI.lmc..c:s 4.) :'=1:: s:;"'O (I).8..c: : ~ ~ ; c~E-<; "'0 C"t:l..c:. 2 E 2 .2'(iJ 6 g ~ <I:l Qj o 0.. m (I) "'0:'= bI) s:: E'- 0.. ~ 0 00 . - ,_ "'0 <I) ..c:::s 0-6 ~ Om ;arn]'=20 -5=rncQ<<t..c: :9 C'! 0.- 1::"t:l ~ <I:l S:;..;:i > (I) = '.,. ~~~(,)~E~i> 0..0 =;a ~e"'" _"ilOQ)tI:lo= o (.) (.) 0...B';:: (I) =..... '"' 0 (I) 0 S <I:l (I)..c:..o' - C'! . ~ >. -S 1:: ro "'0 s:; ~-aoo~-gg ro rn (I) <I:l "il t-~ E ~ -:S:t:.g ~ E - e -- ..... 0 rn~ l"'l (I) cQ =.- > fru c: ~ (I) c.-:i ;5 -5 :; >.:.0 00 rJ'1 .0 .. ..c: >-...: 0 't:: 4.) _ .5 .e '-" .B ~"'O-"-'.....,p"'O"ilog+-'cG - C g C "tj 'S E'.;:i +-'....... ~ ~ ::3 cd 00 lI)._ 0 C Q)....... -0 IJJ 00 ~ "'0 "'" ~ 0.. C <<t _ ~ __ e"3 ~ ..;:: 0.- t; 0.. g fG (I) 'V"t:l cu IU c: Cd S::..o as. - '"'-:S o ::3..0 .S 4.) 00 ~ ::s 0.. E j:l., ~ VlOQ)i:::~..2.o:[)~~o c: = a ~ ....,. cd.... . +-' "t:l o .... .,. ".. cG..c:: - :;.;.. Q) . ... rn rn ;;::. (I)"t:l..c: - (5.,. 0 0.. -s::s:: Q)(I) - ....0.. ~ 0 0 ~~ ::s:t: ~l:):v cu <Il '.;::';:: :::: Q) <I:l (I).... - <I.l (.) .-.- .... l7.l <I.l '"' s:: rn 00 .... __ >. "'0 "'0 .... - . - 0 c: c ::s .... "tj C C "'0 r~ "0 V (H""'"I 0 0 5 s:: cd 0 cu '-' "" .,. <l) CQ.- "" U <<t EO~;:::5e~0.t)~ ::r: .5 "g Q) ~'~ g -S.5 ~ g ~~ ~ cG..s:: ~ cGu'~ 1:: 1-< "'" --...... "3 Ul r-. ~ 1:: ~ Cd Q) <+:< (I)~ e c: ~ ui":::'" 0 Cd -;; .~ -S E <n 0 'a <<t..2 ~ (.) 00.+:1 Q) 4.) ::3 6 . 1:: 4.) 0.1:1 -S ~ (.) O'J ;g "'O..c:: E o -~ E .....- ~ cd ~ CIS a <<t E 0"'0 cd I:;S ~ o~ rn Co)~..2: 0 Q) 4-< >< 0 Q) Q).-:.e Q) 0 ;j (.) mOQ)~-o~ .oEu..c ..@ fG r.s c 8-e .~~ 6 ~ m JJ ;; ~ 1;) ~ 8. OE cd::r:: ~ 1-< ..c:(I) c:U ....:.= I:,) +-'.,. Co) as IU ::s .... Q) ~ 4.) t"5 ~ ~ cu.;:: ~ ~ ~ (I) P. +"..c C ~ s:: rn <<t . _ '"' a Q) -.:0 ..... "'0 ~.~ E "'0 -d c.9 Q).oO '-s:;eo>..204.) <l) .J:: ;' ~ ~ ~ :.= o.t::l ~ .... ~ -5 ~.~ Vl t: 0.. >. 8 ~ rn aJ' +"~ Q) <I:l = (I) - >...c:.- (.) 0 e "0 0 00 :::J "" Cd U'J +" "'0 . _ < cQ - .... ~ -;:: cd'S: Q) 1;.; .-o?-1$uQ)B....?~::3.,. .... - .., .- cu tlS..... 4.) 6: i> ~ Q) oS ..c"il >'4-0.~ " ~<Il..c S ~tI:l..::s4.)O;..:::..-. - ::s '"1 00 n c:..o __ --.... ,_ 0\ '-" 0 .j;:i s:: ~ :::J"" .:::: ~ .... .0 00 .- - .- r"'o 0 <I:l Q)..... = cd...... ..c:: bI) - +-' _.- "t:l......c: Q) ..." 0. c:U"t:l e T~.~ 1\; ::3;a ClO ~ ~ C <<t .... co....... O..s:: - =::s ~ bb S cd '"' Q) (I) - g.- 0 \0 cG (.)., .s..c:: "'0 - 0 (1)05 -:S 'V a S 0'.5 +: ~ 5 Co) -:S lTJ fr.~ r: 0. e.f! <I:l.~;':::: s:: ~ e <<t 0 lTJ ~ c: '" = .,. .... t:: """"l 0 "'0 ~ C Q) .- "0 E 0..9 ~ 'tiS t'tI ..... (I) v <0 rJ'1 : ~ o. - ::s (I) 0. = Co) +" <I) Co) .... ::l 0..5 e..c: e 0 ~ ~ =.C rIJ C ~ ~ go Q) .....-.i::: Q) .t:: g o'-~ v 0 k ..0 00 s:: .- 4.) U e . fa '6b ~Cd .a.s cd 8-Cd..o <( ~ .S; .e:! cQ ClO..c: ~.~ Q) .a 0 c; Q) 0 Q. e 6 ~ .1;E ..e (I)..c: ~ ;; a:p -5 u eg(.)Cd::>,o~E-<<I:lCd~ ~.; .-: '+=1'0 - ~ is '.~::3 to.. ("'l lTJ -= ro y:: <<t . m "5 to.. "0 0 M .- +:l ~ e CO-< .g 3 ~ c. 0.;; (I) 0: 8 Ii '"' gO,;; Vl > Q) ~;a ~ rJ'1 m- E -a E']:g s 53:S S -5 a s 8 5 Q) >. n.- -.p 0 i) g..c:: ~.,. 3 ":I, .s ~ ~ C O..p "0.0 Co) c; 00 0 6~ Q) tlS <<t ~ '" c: ~ ~ ~.5 Qj ';1 0 .,. v 00 >. E ::3 Q) (I) s::: a ~ t- S ~ :.~.o g C:E ~ T~ $ C - ';::.~ (.) - "'0 c.;..::: Q) cu.....,... <<t p..- "0 !"'f 0 4.) e:E ~ (.) >. s:: E to.. "0 S 1: ;> "'0 >. <<t ~ Q) 0.- ::3 o "9 0 e 5 m m.- m E"O ..... ". .- ~ .......... ;> <<t (I) ... m (I) 0.. (I) cd "t:l'+:I Q) 0 _ Q) ..s::: (I) "" 05 to.. (.) lTJ t:: c: "0 Q. ..... ~ ~ ~ lll'J 0 cQ ~ <.J:: ~ E ""'00 (I).... ="'0 e Q)~.... o..~ cu ~ = t:: L"~ _2 -8 0 ~ a e 0 ~ E..g 's t::::' ~ .2 :~ -: ti .-::. ~ v..... e 00 ~ 0 s:: 0 -:S .- 00 ....:l ~ ~:g 0 ~ E s 'ij .e~'S: 3 ~ c ['"""'(I)cd(.)"-.:-o..o"'O ?.......-o o - - m 0 e s:: o (I) ._ lr.l ~ .ti C (I) O~ u;.:::: ~ ~ (l)cG ..c:>. E-<(I) -05 C..... -:'::tU ro..c: ::3- ~a lI'J (I) :Eo 1-< lI'J o Q) >.~ :Es <<tv ~a ~.e:! o <I:l e Q) 0-5 ..c:4-< ~o .2~ (.) '-" c- .-- _ Vl o c C 0 .,. .- (I)+-' o Co) '"O~ 1::.i . (I)~O .E;~ [;..:::.2 e :.0 :E ...... ec:t...... <<l -~ ~ _'Om ~Cdt5 E~-:s ~ "'0 ..... 04.)~ <<l~<12 (.) U a .r;; -:S 0 >. 0 .t:: :.a i) E - '0..( ~3(1) ~rn..s:: -a1::~ (I) E(I) Q) ..c: "t:l _ c: -'a :::J lIS 0.. .,. -SSt: m.- (I) Q)"t:l s:: 1U e.!; t::(I)cg .-"t:l 0. := -r;; e .- s::.- Xg"'O ..... Q) '-""",~ ..c:(I)lU c.?;.:::! cu s= <Il ~4.)s ~ ~ Co) ~~..8 ~ 'tiS ..s:: ..:.: C) <<t - .0 1-< o rIl o ~ Q) ::3 :E .,. I'd ..c: (.) ::s rn rIl~ (.) ..;: Ul .s .... (.) G ..s:: (.) Cd o .r;; >. ..c: 0.. lU 0.. e .(;i 4.) "'0 ::2 '0 .5 "0 c: lll'J ~ "'0 "t= Q) E .a 0. .5 Cd 1:: Q) e "'" o <<l o 'r;; >. ..c: ~ ~ o o 0.. t:lI) e 'is ..0 ~ o -d' 1-< o (.) Q,) "'" e o .,. 'J:: 0- <<t 00 C ';; o::s ..s:: r.l <<t ..c:: o ::s 0') m- 4.) 00 <<t .... ij .g m :a ~ u -:S o 6 on 's o 6 (.) 4.) Q) "'" ~ ~O ~Lii ~ (.) ll)'- o..m e2 (1)0.. - CIS ":':<1) .~ I'd ::3..c:: 0"'0 t'lS lI'J ""'-;; 0"'0 5 ; ~.g "t:lm ::S.t:: ....., 4.) '"' ..... o (.) 8.S .,...c: CU (.) ..s::Q) (.) Ul ::3 4.) U'J;5 .:r; rn ..... Cl$ -S..c: o ~..c:: :.= ~ c:U c: s:: 0 o rIl ." ~ ~ (I) 0..0.. C CU o ""'~ S 4.) e ~ o ~ o 0 ~:I: ::s ~ u-8 s:: "'" .- 0 o.~ c:"'O rn"il 8.~ "000 S::.9 o 0 '.p ..c: .- (,) ,tE ~ 4.) 0.. "'0. (I) 0 'fi"il :>;1:: _ ll) ii E ==as E~ .- 0 rJ'1.,. i-8 ._ 0 == a~. .osS:: CU Q) .~ >. E "'0 00 ,_ cGot'lS Q,)s::P- ~ (1).5 a- . ~ Q,) .e:! ~ ." s:: o (I) Q,) z-:se "iln ~ 2 "3 (.) "il - c: 4.) E c o ~ .;; = Q) 4.) "t:l :::J '0 s:: ..... .~ <I:l 8 "'0 ~ o Z 'V o o ~ Vl ~ ~ e ..... ..s:: N bll e "'ta "t:l Cd ~ ~ o 00 .0' "'0 rn :::J l ~ 0- t:: ..c:: r--. \D c..., o N ...... (1) C() t':l. t:L. ..... ~ C E E C 6 t) C;; o o ~ '"0 s:: t':l C 1\1 ..... r;n .5 .€ - ~ 00 t5 4-< o <1'.l .- 00 t':l CO v .fi s:: o s:: o .~ s:: 'S 'C o <1'.l :a s:: o Z C -5 c..., o 00 C 00 o e- ::s 0.. I- t2 :E ~ II) ;a t':l co s:: .~ ..c:: rtJ co -0 e (1) '"0 .;; s:: o o (I,) ..0 >, t':l S ..... s:: v E .;; 0.. .5 Q -5 s:: o ~ In ce .0 ..... o -( I- o .= t':l ~ ;:;E~ i-'~ .- Q .~~ ..... ~ 000 ce s:: v'- c..=.-5 :':::a:s I- <1) 01- ....,.,.0 t':l ~ E~ ce;.2 rtJ ce .~ v .5~ ~oO _s:: C;; 'C '+:1 ~ s:: v ce~ ..... ~ 0000 ..os:: ::s.- 00 G) :: G) ..... 00 t':l ~ -sg> C'- s::~ oC;; C ~ ..0 ~ 1;;~ ::t U) E~ ~<<I G) ::t E ;i .- E ceoo o..s:: E.- .;; E -5~ ~ Q) <0.. 1;j4.: (1,)- f-l:g I- rtJ (1,)- -oC s:: s:: ;:JO I- ~t8 .~ co .- s:: -.C l;.) ce I;:l 0 ~ In ~ce 10.. In C bO '&.5 ~.s I;:l.t:: ~g U) t: G) .~ -0 .... ::t So ..... s:: ~.- ;':::~bO 1;'+:1.S:: :t:: 'S: 32 ;;::.- a ~o:;,. "':l ce ... ~~"CJ c.j:.= a rI) .~ ..... :.= :0 ce rtJ o .s .~ rtJ s:: ce o .C (I,) E -<: ciJG) s:: :1 >,.- tI:l :::::p(.) tI:l ta G) '.;::1 G).o s:: - OQ ce c.-.. s:: 1;joJ2 .0 .,0 l-o ::S._ 0 :.~ ~ .- 0 '"0 "CJc;ls:: .5 r2 t':l :D:..= 00 (/j I-< s:: ...... 0-"'" O.~ ~ ~E..2 s:: ll) 4-<~ o.s - ~ s:: ~ G)'- 0 0.. '"0 - G) tV.8s:: .- 0 06EI-< s::.- 0 J2-c..=. - >'...,.. <<1-- ~~.E 4-<.....t'I:I o ~ 0 . :>. ..... 4-< ~ +0' r.f} 0 G) ._.0 ._ ..... >::t-.t':l -_ II) ll)..... +-i ............ (.) 00. t:: 0.. t':l.- > 0 G) '"0'.;::1 I- c..=.G)00.. :'='Et':l~ 5S~s:: .ar e:.= ~ S>,I-<t':l _Oll) V <.. .- O.t:: +0' "'C~~:.= G) rtJ S::.- ......-._~ .s 0 "CJ s:: ._~ (1,).- -......."0 ~ s:: .s s:: - 0'- t':l ce rI.l - ~ .+:1 I- >, 00 s:: v - G) co 0.. <.= s:: .- ... 0 o 0 '"'.- .t:: t':l.o 0 ~~.~~ S::;..:::ceO ~ '"' E (.) l-lO::l ~ G) ....,., cc .t:: o..cc.t::o t':l8....t.H ~G)--G) G) ~ .1: "0 -.....~:>.. 0.. s:: L. . ~._ s:: 0 ~'O~e (I,) v I-< G) I-<.t:: 8. 8 08 4-< ~:.=:<O .... ~ l-o t c.8 O<~ 0.. ...... e . t':l ~ :> .- 0.. ~ -(/j 0 s:: <<I&~8 .g....Os:: ._ CI'J..c:: ll) > 0 :;,.'C .- 6 ... v "0 s::o.. .5 g 0 ~ <lI C ~ 0 ~O<ll.... .....Cl'JO" s::-- U1 G) a < .5 ~ 0.. . 01) "'"ScG) ~ 0 .- .0 s:: " > G) o ""'.;::I~ ..;:: c 0 00 .II........... m ....... r.5-g~0 G) s='- G) "CJt:-~ G) c.8 5 G)~ .s I-< .~== 4-<8.S8 o<llt'l:l..s:: 00.0 s:: E 8 s::.- G) l-l = "0 > Q.(.)e..2 ti >,.::: C l-l <lI ... G) .,.....c: 0.. ..c: -....6- ~ "fi '';: g -.- 0 J..c: s:: G)~ <:l..,~OO<l) - 1-<'- ::l "-IG) ~< .0 o s:: t.H >, <1:10 - (I,) -- "0 e <1:11\1VG) 01-08 e-::l~ ::l "0 s:: 00 0.. 1-._ s:: 1-<0G)32 t2 ~ 0. <, _'"0 _ .~ s:: E <<11 (.)'c.- "0 .E .... >, ~ rn ~"'Ui G)VO::l :-gl-<s::o <11 G).- ::l g ~ E.5 u 00 t':l .... IU s:: en __ ~ 0 -- ......"+:J 0 s::.S:'~ rn ~.+:l s::..2 l-l 0 0'- IU = rn 8 o..~ t:; 0 <:.:: ~~ t:: rB E o (.) en ;.a C 8 o rn CO s:: '0 c v .C (I,) 0.. ~ .... .....5 C;; IU ::s s= ..= ~ .ot: s:: ... IU ~ .;; t':l _ ,,-:., E5~S'o]gu =0 1-<. _ s:: ::s (/j 0 :>.. ^ v G) ..".- ~ +.-' - _ I-< (I,) ..... ry) ;.:: E '+:: co J:J ........ e :.olUl-<bil~~s:: t1;l-G)(I,)O;:SO rn G)...s::: -.- t':l.- .- ;; ~ s:: ~ 0 ~ :0 .t:: G) I-< G)._ ~~~,.I,C.g..oE O..c: (;l() e "0 "O~ 8 ~""'s::.o 0 o G)._ = S = U ._ rn s:: 0 Q) ..... ::J..... .." A' .... >- .- = e ~ - ::s ~. c (.) 0.. ....... ._ t+:: Q) G)..c: X ~ ~ G).o.....uG)..,,::s "0 G)::SQ'l 1:: (I,) ~ "0 C/)::::,.:g 0 ..c: 0. s:: (/j~ "0 ..... 0.. ..... E.- E s:: s:: 0.. ~ .- "0 G) =.- 0 .- rn G) ....... - - 1o.~S::0~ -- G)t:o ... i>- C "0 .;;'+:1 C G) e :.=';; 0...5.~ E 0';::: ~ e'- - >, ....... 0 E'- 0 . 0.. ~ U'-._ Q)..... ~ E._ Q) i>-..... 0 o..! .2;::'.0 ~~ ~ e = ~ >,1-<..... u~ "CJ 0- Oc.-.. CD_ s:: I-< 1-0..0.0== o g 8. E G).t:: g.-;, ~..;:: e 2 e -0 ~ (.., G).- 0.. - 00.0 E -5 tE >,~ C = ~ a 4-< (I,) ~ ";P "0 i>-.... co o "0 e I-<~ G) ta ~o 1;) s:: G) ~ I- o~ 1;; >':: 0 rn~ .- ........s::: IU ... 0.. s:: ";P ~ E ....... ~"3 E.g..c: (j 0 5.,g ~ .8 t':l.1: =tt::..... "'="3:;>- .;;; "0 ~ 1f ~ 'E 00 s:: -IU G) IU N 0 0 ~ t: - -g s::"2 ~ ~.... rB 2ooOO~Q)G)S:: "1:l~rnoe.s+:lO C CD.- g .+:l (.) IS >.E I- 815 IU .8 8"'2 ~ ~.!:: s:: -S ..2 I-=t::.o(.)OS::2 0., en *- E OJ.;;...... rnce I-<::l..c.:_ G) G) 0.. c;l e - t:: CC ...s::: (.) e e (.) s:: .... G) ..... s:: =,9._ s:: s::.- -._._ ..... - 0..... s::Q)>,Ol)c ..,,0 t'lt..c:_.....<I.I...s::: .....s::c....E-<=,o ..... ~(I,)O .Oo==ce E a =- .B] ~:.= 2 o (/j 0 > = .."....- c.j:;i $;::; ......;::1 - .0 .0 "0 o ~ ~.t) V.ro ~ G) (.) E :; co.~ rn-- l) >, _ A' _ \.., "0 _ v~;..::: 8= G) ~ .;; "0 :'=:.0 s:: ~ "0 8 Q.~ I-< = G) 0 s:: E u 0 ~ E s:: G) "0..... G) .~~ 0 0 IU G) ..... 0.. ~ ..;:: .0 > ~ K S (/j 0.- ._ '-..c: (I,) t'I:I 0 s:: -. 8.... 10. t':l-o "'"-t.H~ IU"O 0"" G) ~Q) I- IU ~.~ "0 ~ '"0 :: E 3 g.5 ta e ~ ~ Q) ._ ...... _ OIJ .... ~ ..... e]e~~~s::& "5 .- .a c;; ~..2:; 8 0.. ..2 V.+:1 s:: G) IU (I,) v.o Q = o..c: s:::-' o e -5 .5 8 !i .~ =-0 ~~~1iS~1:5 E-< 5.-5 ~ 8 z 8 ~ - 5 .g .~ Q'l IU e s:: G) > G) v .!;C <<I ~ o .... (I,) :0 t':l G) .0 -0 s:: "0 g ~ G) 0. o G) 0.. .... <I) o e G) c:n ;l o IU .0 s::- .;; 0.. G) ..c: .... . ...s:::C;; (5-6 ..c .- c.?: 0"0 .-1=/ s:: ce-- 1-<"0 Q) (I,) "0..... .- (.) ~~ 8 (Q o Q) .......c:: s::....... ..... 4-< 000 s:: >, J2.... <<$'S: ~...;::::: ~ 0 m cc .~~ ..0;'::: G) I- :f .~ o <-E -9cc G) rn r/} .. -:: ~.E =- s:: >, 0- "0<<3 G)a 2:g 0.... m ._ G).t:: 10. (.) G)._ ~~ en ::l.8 13..... ~~ :.=X :OG) = ll) .~ -5 "0'"0 t':l s:: "-I = .;:: 1: s:: IU IU E E._ .- = =0.. o..s E._ '~.s 1-4-< o 0 Q. --- e = G) 0 "".+:l cc E! I- ::s G)"CJ -5"0 G) Q) ~y c..., 0.. o X s:: IU o l- ._ 0 ..... ........, ~ c ::s 0 0".- 1\1 <lI I- ~ ::s t-<"O Q) ~ CI.l .... ~tI:t~ en.~....c: ..- =~0S:: ...s:::0::J1U o "= 00 > ;:s= ~(U ", E en . ~ 1: ~ "-I G) c.- ~.ss::== ::s t: .0 (/j.S.~ ~ = "0 0..- G)IUC"O 8 .~ .:: 13 I:lOE..c: 'S;"::: -1: g = >, ~.-1=/ 00- ....... ..= <- 00 =<1)0= :::: rI.l.!;C 0 ~..s~ a = co . ..... G) = "0 rn -5 '5 .;; J: OG)COG) ......c:s::~ 'E .s'5 ~ =-_ G) G) 00 ~ ..s:: "0 e = = g E~15-g o U G) \.., ...s::: 0.."" G) .~ t':l ::s ~ ~ ~~ () "0 G)";p G) G) o...s:: I- :~co= G) ::s ~ rn....o~ (I) i) l-l .- cc ..c: > G) I- - -+:1 .oO"t,')U ~G)= ~ui6~ci 581-:'=:0 .t:: . - S' ... "+:l : ~ .- .~ ~ +.-' ri'J C .- :: "0..0 ;"ie ~ a~.... .~ en S 's E "O"Orn_ o:l.;; <11 ;...... ~ <I) :>.. 0 ;>, _ = L.--;; ~ 15 ...s::: .~ ~ '+:l J:: = :;::";P = c ~~..c:(QO I-~OO~(.) 8.I-5-g~ cc o.s rI.l ..... I-Ulc1\1S:: G) g G)..s:: G) -5.-1=/ > +-' E (U= (I,) qfl- ..c: 0 CD .;; ~ t.H bill) 0. ~ ;.a .s:: ..Q E 005 t'I:I..... e (1,)-- Q) g ..c: ~ -5 ..;::~~o o~ :;.0 >,>0 ::l~o...o<IJ 0" O'S: go '0 v <I.l..... _ Q) ..t:: t':l......_~ E-<e~goG) ~ o o t'l V) ~ ~ E ..... .t:: N co e ~ '"0 = ~ o ;> o co .0' '"0 <I.l ::J ~ ~ 0- ~ ..c: 0'\ \0 r.s 00 M II) OIl CIS ~ ~ o o N - 00 ~ ~ II) ~ RJ II) I.. Q)c: >. -..; .!! RJ I.. RJVQ) I.. V >- :::J 0 RJ o.e:E 0 e: ..... "'C1:) II) Q) :i:i e: Q)~..c: , e: ,lgRJI.. 0 L. L. :::J II) 0 01 I.. Q) :i:i Cl Q) Q) en .- 0 RJ 0 RJII)O e: ..c: Oe:- e: Q) ~ V-..... :0 "i: ..... ..c:-.o ..c: ..... o ......!!:! 0 II) ,RJ V 0 II) .0 V -RJI.. ..c: Q) L. >-..... II) :i:i "E :::J g~ ..... ..c: a. x ..c: 0 'V II) Q) a. a. e:.....0 Q) ..... Q)COQ) e: 0 ~ .oRJ RJ .... :::JII) Q) "'C I.. '0 Cl ~ .1: E ~ 0 RJ "P RJ Ee:a. Q) :c e: > RJ Q) Q.Q) ~ ..... ~RJ~ RJ 0 "i: .... e: "'C:i:i .c:RJ.c: Q) C ~ :e a. ~ 0 RJ .!!! Q) g v .0 Q) 1I)..c: Q) ..c: Q)- 0 e: '-.... - '- CO :::J V _0.(1) ~ .s ~ .... Q)e: .e .- II) a. a. Q) 'I.. a. RJ I.. "'CQ) co.c:.... 01 >I..Q) II) Q RJ .0 .!! Q) 'l;j'-o '- .... C e: :::J -..c: Sl 0 ~ ~.c: V "C a. ..c: II) V Q)OQ) Q) '0.. RJ "'C ..... e::::J e: ..c: Q) a. ....:=.... I.. I.. ~ 0 '- 0 .....v , RJ 0 .... 0 .e Q) 8(1) e:e:e: 'i: ..... V 0 0 .!!:! 0._ I.. .1: Cl .s::. ~ ~o RJQ)Q) "C ..c: o '- 0 >- .... ~ .... I..'-"'C '- a. II) :0 RJ t II) 0 P I.. 0 .c:o, a. Q) e: RJII) .2ou; 0 '- Q)' 1I)....."jij :::J 0 ..... '- E Q) a. .!!! a. Q) 0 Q) II)C ....Ij;;,f "'C '- ~e::!: ..c: "C I.. ..c: >- Q).2 a.1I)Q) 0 ~ .... 0 ::IRJo. ~ 0 Q)' e: .- .... Q)E.c: .E 0 .... RJc:lI) ~ III ~RJ "C II) lC oJ l!! RJ ....'- ~O"" L. 411 :::J 0 :is f II) C:Q) Cl .B 0 411 .co.c .u .... en :::J II) Q)Oen e: '- Q) ::I RJ Q) 0 e: Q)o. ,'-RJ en co ...v L.... '0 ~ ~ , a. a. :::J Q)"'C V RJ Q)O Cl~.... , := a.VQ) Q) ....411 .= II: i RJ "C oRJ-c II) .... ~ "'C E e: .... Q) "jij ..c: 0 ~ Q E RJ.c: II) L. .c: e:'- ... o RJ cd ~.... .ge:E .c: Q) co enRJ~ .E ~ E' ..c: "' Cl "'t:j 0 ..... ..c: ~ L..... ORJ..c: e: .... '- 1...... L. a. , .... >. CIS 0'\ a.- L. ::I 4110 a. "'C RJ 411 '- e: - 0'\ Cl ' -..c:1Il 411 Q) ..... f' ~4UQ) Q) a. '- "Co J!:!Q) .!! Q. P ~ .......- E V V CI .... e:..!!:! 0Q):iS II) c: u e: .c e: .!! .8 RJV'- :::J '- ..c: :::J e:E RJ tB to-. Q) .- .... 0 Q) .... 0 ~p Q)L.RJ .!!! .eElS 0 ~~ 1.10..... 1.1 ..: III c: ..c: ~ Cl 0 +-' 411 011) .!!E13 :is Q) 01 ~o..c: 0 .... L- oS "'fn u ..... =:c ..: p 0 0 e:= < RJ a......c: .B .s ..... e: e: '..... RJ Q).c ~ B > .2.... e: :E n;Je:"jij RJ '- .::/.' "'C N RJ ... 0 V II) 411 ..... 0 ~ rn "i: Q).... ~ .e.2Q) en e: -..... 0 Q) e: :::J Q) V .... ... .....1Il II) a. .c:0 0 , Ri .c: 0 .0 '.j:l .c:1Il(1) ... .s::. e: U I.. ~ RJ 1.1 UQ) ti 1-(1) ....e:.... Q) :u t: RJ Q) a. , .- E ,Q) .... 0 .c: Q) L. I.. ItI "'fn - 0_0 .s::. .!! II) o Q) ~ I II) oJ :c ~ e: .... ..... .... a. '- &. I...B... .... c: RJ en 0 0 e: .- .... III OIl Q) r-, c: o e: 0 0 III Q)RJQ) ItI Q) ~"' e:e: ~ rn .... r-, 0 '- ... :::J Q) 0 I.. Cl E Q) Q) .c: .- Q)~ :c ....:-oQj 0 0 > ..... "' U Cl V 0 RJe: II) V == 0 :::J 411 1.1._ e: (1).... I 'E ~ Q) ....0 ..c: .-t co a. ............ ..c: ~~ , 'Q) ItI lll'.l 1-0 "CI.. ocoa. ,-' 0 ~OO .... en e:p '-v CI) II) -:S ~ V 0 RJ :::J Q)RJ Q) .- , N g.e E.c:o co Q) E 1:l'-_ a. I.. E E V c:~ ..c: -g .- I .....'- .e ::I E g~ ,10 RJ :2 ~ "e: , a. .... .... Q. e: Q) RJ Q) :::J CI) Q) E' ~o EIIl Q) 01 Q) ....' 1.1 ::I '- '- 10_ 0 "'C _"C V III ~ en :g:g oe: .... e:.c: e: Q..u 'i: 0I:iS ERJ- , , CI)CI) :::J "0 ;j u.Q RJ '- en "jij E 8 ,.... ~iO u; 0=0.... ... e: e: ~ ,1tI eCl)l3 ~o "'t:j Q) Q) 1.1.... .c: = >- :::J ~ti e: :::J N RJu RJ 0 Cl)en coRJ o CI) "Ce:,.;. E CI) Q)Q) Vo e: " ~ 'C v"C Q) e:' .E .e .B pE "C Q)Q) 1 .....e: :::J ~- e:.2e en II) V >-en E~ II) RJ .- =~~ .E1tI~ en oe: 10 :::J ,a. '- :::J ... RJ RJ... ~ .2 "'C .e Q) f E'~ RJ RJ CI) E :::J- >-.- .0.... COCl) ..... c:o. "CQ) 0116 ,-Q) ::fEE fii.= Q. .... e: e: - V ' RJfi :;::; Q.e: RJ RJ'- RJ co Q) RJ - CI) RJ RJ '- RJ~ (l) r-, c Q.oE ..c::::J CI) ... r-,~E RJQ) r-,O g- ........v ............. 1.1 r-, r-, ..... ........ ........ ,-.., ,-.., r-,..c: r-, V .s::: \OQ) ,,"vo <( .- V CC ue: 0 WI.. (!) :I: ....... -...... ~'- ...JCI) ~~o - ~ -..; 1:1 ........RJV ........ := 0 -..; -..;Q) -..; -..; 0 ........ -..; -..; -..; 0 -..; 0 ........ '- ..c:: 0\ \0 f+." o 0\ (""l <I) OIl Cd t:l; o 0\ C\ - f+." o t) < rn <I) .- ~ ~ CIl a ...c: ..... ~ CIl ; C) .c ] CD ...c: ~ ....... ....... E.!, L.. 'I""i CI)('t"J .....v CI) _ fil.! e:Vl CI) . >;:) .-1./) O)v 0) '-" .=0 e:" 1Q(1l CI)'I""i E.... Cl)o .c:..... .....v CI)< >~ ~.! - IQ =CVl IQ"'O OIQ -=0 "E-= : ~ "'0 ~~ _ CI) ="'0 IQCI) _L.. u.. -(I) CI) EZ L.. ..... CI) 0 ..... ....... CI) CI) .c: '-" I-N 10 '.N "'Oe: 8 .2 L.. ..... =lrl ~(I) "'OC e:- IQU =IQ ~e Ci)~ '-" : e: o "'0:;:; e:~ 1Qe: Cl)1Q :OL.. IQCI) .c:.c: (I)..... =CI) 0. .c: E~ 00) ve: V_ COC ~E - L.. (l)CI) co..... Cl)CI) (1)'0 Ce: co..... CI) . ECI) (I), : e: , CI)CI)CI) - 0."'0 .oX~ ~CI)v Cl)L..e: .:cO- v :>. '0 IQ:!= ~ >-~CI) -U..... '- cr. .... '0 q:: 'iij CO-e: CI) '0 0 :L.. .c: U EUCI) ~.o liiEo ............... CI)~(I) .c:0L.. 1-.c:0 ..... ..... 1._ U '. ~~ CI)..... :O~cD IQO- ~"O~ .- CI) > .c: 'i: CI) VL.- 1Q1tI.c: >-u~ =CI)>- '0.0_ ItI .- Cl)O"'O ~""'1tI CI) CI) .......- L.. (1l.o(l) '-" ItI ._ ... ..... u <{ .~ .c: ..... L.. CI) '0 e: ~ "'0 CI) "'0 CIJ CI) C C o :;:; V ItI CI) .c: ..... .... o CI) .c: ..... L.. Cl)0 .c: .. .....(1) -.. v ~~ ti~ IQV CI) L.. .c:"'O .....c .= ro "'0(1) Cl)CI) >~,;; o CI)._ > 0.= e:XV .;;; CI) ~ Cl)CCI) :;:;O.c: ="tj~ ~~ 0 "'" ft, C L..-O OCl):i:i ~-5 f - ...CI) U~c. 1tI_0 ""'=CI) ClJU.c: .c:~..... ;:::.c:e: og&. ID(I)~ u.....C L..lQO ~"'O- OCl)U ID >- lQ L...2.c: 'jij Q.E g 'u \I) e:CI).... ItI(I)O CCCI) <1::0(1) jij~~ L.. C. CI) CI).....c: >0..... OL..O Cl)CI)+I 'fi .cE ~ ....... c. e~.~ ..... (I) o u "'0 c: ItI CI) L.. ~ ..... IQ c: CI) .c: ..... ....... < '-" ItI C ....0 0.- ..... (I) ItI (I) V CI) 0 e:- '- "'0 (l)C .,gltl CIJ CI)' .c:Q. :~ o "- ClJL.. NCI) _ .c (l)E IQ ~ L..C V <11 >.c: 0..... CI) ... .c:(I) .....<11 ...~ ~O :i:i"Q. CE CI) v '0(1) f~ v.... >0 o L.. UCI) CI).o -EE ....~ o c ~ CI) vfi L.. ~O 0..... (I)..... Cl)V L..<I1 _Co ro(l) -<11 v L.. ~.c:"'O C :!:: c: G::~1tI lQ~cn L..'- CI) CI).....- >e:~ 0<11= -oV Cl)CI)~ .c:L..(I) .....V..... .......> .- UO"- '-"v 0 g .."'0 :;:;:g~ -CI)CI) ~ C > CoB 8 E~CI) Vo lQ.c: 0...... Cl)CI)O .c:\I)..... .....ve: g':E .2 .- 0. t:i "'OlQv ::::l L.. ~ Vg'CT .ECI)e: ..01- l;-CI)(I) -.c:CIJ .&J,uz:i C - CI) ...- l;-'u '0._ ~ ~~L.. Cl)CI)O ~ .c: l;- uu_ CI)~U Z....~ ,,-0 o <11 v (I)~:5 c.e.... .Q~O .....L..Q. lQ 0 .- ~~~ Q.CI)c 0.c:.2 I... +I ..... 0.... ItI cOli) 0(1) L.. .- c- .....olQ ~ :i:i :i 8.gc O::J L.. ....<,1:;0 o '0 <11 Cl)e:~ Q.ItI..... :>. ..1tI ~CI)L.. L..t:i CI)~.-. 'fi ti .= l;- ....... ~ E:;:; OZ"'Oe: '-"(I)lQCI) (I) V I... (I):2.!B e: > ~ ltIeOl ~ 0. ~ : 'lQ IQ c.c:C 0.....0 :w~,......" IQ it: CI) ~roV oL..~ Q.~L.. (1)'- CI) clQ(I) ro >- L.. z.oB vcL.. .- ItI ro :i5.c:.c: ::l..... u Q.L..OI "'OCI)C CI)'fi:O co~ u '-" v CI) CI) c ~g;::;. : ro CI) E >-~ L.. ~ ~ Cl)CCl) .....OUl C1IU- t: lii'~ l. -E 8- cO I/) o >- L.. :We: 0 ltlro_ -eL..~ &.Ov (I) .. C c=CI) IQ~O) .b ......1:: Ul..... . ~~';;.!!! -.0;>1/) -g >- ~ ItI Q...Q :0 .0 "'Oc::lO) CI) 0 Q..E G:::;:;-::l ultl~.= CI)~v"'" Coocc CJ)o.CI)O I/)OIU 0' e: CI) '0 'I""i~.c:e: '-"...... .... 10 cD >"'0 :;:;~ OE <11 > 88 OL.. -0 "'ON ItIv eN ijc L.. 0 ..:-tl B~ lii.E 01-0 CCl) ~:e I/) L.. ltIu 0.1/) =~ ~ L.. IQB V'O "'OIQ :::I 0 U..: c- _1tI I... ..... Oltl e: L.. 1/)0 ~ CI)' -o~ :CI) ~ uco :CU CI)"O >IQ : 0 E~ L..1tI Cl)L.. ..... .. C1I L.. .c:B I- +I . :.c:.!! w .2':5 U~I/) -.....- ~"'Oz >COL.. ....... e CI) 'I""i-'O 'l""i7ije: '-" L.. ~ en z o S o o ~ ~ o u u - Ul Z o ~ z - ~ - u: U en - o u.. o z o IS tZ:l - I: ~ a.. N o M L.. o e: '-" -L..I/) t-O<l1 _ ..I/) =UlItI .oCl)CI) IV 01- J!.l9.n "t;;cc ....0 ItI 3: >0 JI"'Oo .1O.c: J gf ~ tJOIC .evO ....=~ c: ~ C1I oL..Q. .... Q. >- Ul 'e: 5~1O <<n:; >- Q=.c . tVue:c j~.2B IV .n 'lQ IV c:v'O-g E'~ 0 E 1:~EE 1fj ~ ~ .~ "'OlnUta !"8lOu o.~= = 0):0.0 .!CI)~& VI.c: Q. III- .........0 fti....o -6~CI)~ -cV. ~CI)!!!Q. ~[~Ia OC(I) :i'2co~ r CI)'5 ~ '- '" wlO(I)a. 36-go O:::cu:;:;o jij "'0 ~ ' L..Co....... ~~EB CI) 3 E Ul (.!)....o~ .......<I1UIO ~:5~~ U w CJ) c .Q ..... V ::l I... ..... Ul C o U ....... .c ...... ~ o o N - 00 ~ ~ s ..... ..c: ~ "t:l Cd - 0. C) cE o "7;; <I) a Cd ... rn - l7.l b(J ~ rn <I) :> o ~ -0 "t:l ~ ::::::: Q.. ] 0\ \0 ~ o o ~ CI) 01) Cd t:l-. o 0\ 0\ ...... ~ o "0 <: ~ .~ .~ - ~ ~ a ~ .... ~ r:I'J ; (.) .r:: ~ (I) ,J:l Eo-; c o :i:i ;9 .s::. e 0. 1'0 .... Q) c Q) Cl - ...... "-' III Q) t:i 'S; 13 < <- "-' Q) ~ .....s::. ID 0.... 01 'O>'O~ III Zi .?;'S; :s ~ .- -.: _....co. ~=o€u) o uio.l! - III o..w cu 1'0 0. = -6uou -....Q).J! ~ O.s::. ~ "0-....11I E~'O~ c"O-> cu>.!2 ~ tl=OCIll Q)cQ) ~ ......- "0 III .o.s::.I'O"O ::J U 0 00 1Il::J.... 01ll~C1 ........IIlQ) ~O.....c L.lIlc.... OQ)Q)E tUE~o .5 :g 01':: Ecuc.....:>. L:~~Q:::!: ~"O....~~ ._....cuQ)Q) "Oo~.oc Q,J >.s::. .... cu .o:!:....o...... ==oco 10.0 ....._ .crnoQ)~ 11I.-'.....0 ..-"00110_ '7IOE.9-tU '. .... III ~ "C co;t::o .QlIlul'OE .w 'ii) = 0. E !I'O..:-oo _.ocu.....u YQ)::JII)U t::.s::.tlllll'O co .... 1'O.,!2 .... Cl.c....UO ....0~....1Il' OIl)OoQ) CijijujijCl c::J.s::.::J~ "0 01 "0 C ">::J.> 10 0.-0_> ::::g .c -g "0 "-'.- .... '_ 10 III III Q) 1'0 '.... III U >cu.- .... Zi c..... OV"OIO Q)-.c jij .!:: t:: ..... ::J"t:J 10 C "C ,0.0 >mop .-10....10 "t:J-~"C cV.{.oo '-...- E c05E 1'0 - .... "O~50 "'''Oo.H g>Q.IO 1'0-0.... 0-gQ)0 .....-.s::. .. .....Q) ~ij .s::. CI o::J~ev ....1Il3=~ 10..... 10 .= 0 fl > EII)c"O _Q)Q)IO tiEE~ II) - Q) Q) =ti 15 CI CI 1'0 Q) Q)IIlC= .o.-~~ui "0........_ ="'1'00.1'0 ~o....~...g III > Q) .- .....s::. > ....-..... .- '7':go'g"C , ev'" II! .= ...; III 0 ..... q::'- 'Q) Q) Q)"OClU.!: C 1'0 c.-..... j...."iii~o OcQ)O -1IlQ)1Il..... fa .- V .. "0 ::I1Il="OQ) i~..:-g"E 5 Q) ~ Clg cfitlmm -cl'OE cobotU o .. c.....s::. :cillO......... t\'Ijij v..... 0 ~::J..c:ii::.... ~"O ClQ)- '_::Jcm > Q)::J CU=oe.oCT ~c.s::.....Q) '"""'--...., 0...., =.........co "-'oo._c .... 0 .... o .... Q) ,.: "0 fi t ~'O~ ..... Q) .. > 0 o.!::.a-em ~ m"t:J..= Q..,!2 g 1'01Il~-:QV:i:i UIll~.c"'1'O .....!S!~.....O"O oVQ)e-o ....u I'OE jijo~e.ge :::Ijij Q)......s; 0 ~::JIIlQ)._U >"o......"Ov =0>"0 e.= 1'0 c._OI'OQ).... -"000.. 0 C C CI Q) of; ~ 1'0 .- III - Q) .s::.1'O....Q)Cl Q)U.s::.o"01'O . "O::J..... :;....11I > 1Il"i....oC'" 0..... c....l'OQ) ....01ll~c..>J:: o.IIlC~o-g'O OQ)Q)......... 0 .... E e =0 ~ Q)' .... ~= Q) III 10 C1"t:J o .c 01'- III Q) Q) ....mc.....IIl.-"O I'02.!CUI'OQ).:!:> .=:"O t:fi ~ 5.0 E....mcc ~a _0....0 ~ b~Q):i:i.!!!~-:Q .!!!=fi1'0 c=.c "0.-0"0 0 u.... .0 0-1'0 Q)m.... tl~1Il .0 .!!! 0 EE 1'0 q) 1'0 ="Ocii .s::..!:!~ ~m.E8u~-~ 1Il.....lIlv::JQ) ....OcrollllJl_ ....1IlQ)....1Il ...... : 'ii).~ 0 :a "0 Q) '10- ,-011I c.o_"'Q)coro Q)Q)roCl::JClIIl c ..c: B 5 Ill'" 1'0 :;:; Q),,-uc-.s::.lO 'Ocrocuro......c: Q)ob>.2-;:.... .... ,c"C~>:>. e~81'O.~~~ 10 lo q) "0 10 C Q.::J.s::.C1c::J::J ~:2 gQ)~~1: >0=Q)>0 :.::::-=O....~.ci3Q. is E fi a. '0 .5 ~ III .... Q) E.... 0Q) .... .c: III Ill"'" :A:::Jo ....U.... _....0 0001 _IIlC - ........- := C II) "-'Q)C .s::.=Q) 01 v.!:! ::JQ)- OJ:: _' ........1O .co:::l ..... ..... _.....v v~ ~ 1Il~~ ~Q)o ::J _.... V 10- Q) -1Il.c: ujij..... ~::Jo "C..... ID~.= III "0 II) oc... 0.'- Q) ......... ..... ;jOC 0.1IlQ) .... III ..... 01010 LL-.c: , v..... , ....c iii 00 iUjij:i:i ::J::J1O :2:2"& ~~E -g-gE ._~ 0 ..... U oEv 1Il...1O IIlQ)U 10 .... .- uQ)l5 .... J:: ::J 0..... Q. iU .2 "0 . ::J 0. ~ ~ "O~Q)ev ~C1~E "O~vev ClOevCl .... o..c C .........c.....m > .... ._ ::J..... .... "-'11I010 "0 Q) ..... e 01 Q) ..... C "0- c..... 108 Ill' E Q,JQ) Cl.c: ,B..... cc cu- >~ "0._ lo= ",.0 11I1'0 evlll ~=o =1'0 ~.!: ......... 0.- ,3: III - Q)ro...: :i:l:::lm ="0 ::J --"0 v>._ 10- > "-= "0 _ '" C "0 III - C Q) C .- YlOQ) >o.s::. L.......... Q) - III "0 0 '" Q) III 1Il"E"O "0 Q) 8 g Q) ClevC , Q) Q) '..0 fi 11I_ 01- 0 cm.... :i:iJ::Q) ..-(1).... Q)lIlro III c: '1: "Coo. Q):i:i0 ....1'0.... 10 "0 0. ....00. ~Em 'E:E~ ....0:;:; -u.... covev "-' 1'0 III i:'.... o l5C CUQ) ..... .!!! ~ C"O ~cutU ~.!:..c: -.......... .- - III "03:Q) ....-t:i o lo'- Q)::J~ ......."0....... lo .- V ....>cu cu =0 ... o.co Q)- IIlCIIl .....cuE o 10 Q) c:'" VOCl c:_o ....... .... Q)uo. ~~.s::. x III U ev-:::I Q) .c III ....c .s::..J:- ......... 01- Q) c:3:-:Q =OQ).9- cUv cuc- .....cu-e III "0 lo .c:....o. :!:80 ,!v.... oro~ z C.- ,-c '''O::J q)Q)'1: ......."00 lo - 0. 0.>0. "OEo fQ.Q) mlll.s::.. 0.Q)........ - C o :!: '"Q Q) ....>Q).... -.- Q) .a-tlClt: -cuQ)- C..."O"O ::JOQ).... t::Ul.oo 8.E-o.B Q.evcm o ~= ~ ........0100' u.....!:ev "-' Q. III III .c CI ;j 0_ ..20 .... III ...."0 00 >5 -ev ~E ... .... =00 ,CU '01: c.B -i: jiju ..c:.... UlO .a-Ul :o=;"E c 10 Q)"O ....c 02 - III I'OQ) -6~ '>= =O::J .5 Ill' c.... <; :E ui& "Oc olo fit: Q)cu E ... Q)Q) >.!: -...., .... 0 I Itl....c: boo .!!! _ :i:i crol'O -.a'" Evil "Oltle < .....- ........1::E Co"C "-' v 10 ~ o o N - 00 ~ 'V ~ ~ "0 Cd - fr tB ~ (I) .... g .... It) - It) ~ ~ It) (I) >: o ~ '0 "0 J ':--: 0- :t:: .J:: 0\ \0 c.... o - ~ <I) Q() Cd ~ o 0\ 0\ - c.... o "0 < rn <I) .- ..... .- --' ~ rn a .c: ..... ~ rn ~ (.) 'c ~ <I) ~ .... o >: ~ :E lU .!!! v ~ o <II iii lU .Q Q) .r::: ~ c o C\ c :;:; lU c: E i: IJ .!!! v .... o v > :;:; lU .... .... .!!! -= E v lU C o E E o u o .... .... IJ Q) 15' ::J <II V .... 10 o .s::: ~ I!! v .r::: .... o ~ o c: o :;:; 10 C E i: IJ .!!! v Q) .r::: .... ~ 10 ::J .... Q) 0. .... V 0. ~ ~e ~ .... ___c =0 ....... IJ .... IJ ~ Q) Q) .r::: .... Q) > lU .r::: .... 10 .s::: ~ c ....... 10 ::J c:!2 IO~ <II' B -g v '- o<llQ) o.!!.c C\:!: .... jij5E ::J 1:: 0 i8."i >-o..r::: cO.... Q) .- V~~ Q).s:::- .!!!b~ ~...:!2 Q)o~ .s <II'-g oc:- ... .Q c: O~lOc: V "'0 ..... 0 "000:;:; .2 E Z".!!! IJE;g ><o:E<II Q) !..1 10 <II OU <II 10 ....10- ~ ,V 5 0~C:0. .... 01 ~.- 10100-5 c .... c: v. -c:..lItC E 10 Q).Q .- > .... b "0 ~ .!!! .!!!/Q....Q) "'Oui'o'" Q)Q)Q)IO ..0 C\ <II Q) _Q)::J> jij=101O .s:::~~.s::: <II a.Q B .... "'i'ui'Z"c '. v :0 ~ cpco o = Q) C pu......lIt .!!!~ 0 <II u -'- Oui'~~ 3lQ)V:;:i <C.!:!'> c ~.- Q) Q v "0 ... .......<11-=0 <II c: o :;:; :c .s::: o ... 0. IJ u:: .~ 0. (/) ....... N ....... I I <II Q) "'0 ::J U C c: o :;:; 10 c 'E L: u .!!! "0 C <II' 10 >-g:~ ....=Q):!: ::JIO_= o::Jc:u cg-::J~ Q)"'Oui' ' ~c:cgj u 10.2 u <II~'lO~ B-VQ) "'0&20<11 c E E <II' l!:loE"O ....t:S8 O<llUOl ....Q)IOQ) ::J:;:;....s::: 0=0.... c:C '.... Q)lOgJO ~.!!! OlC IJ "0 10 0 ., <II.s:::....iiiv .... .... c .- CII ~"i~~~ .... <II "0 o.lC 10_10 0 -IO'CII ... ::J <II.r::: C\ ~"OQ)....c 1: 'S; C\ .... "ii u:c~.e..c :>. c > :>. <II ~.-i:L.C ='00.100 ..0 , <II :p "5 <II <II <IIQ) 10 - <II CII "t:J Qj.!!!:;:;~o ....U:cE o>-uQ)E cS~..co O'Y, IJ :O::;....UlBu IOOCII 10 u.....uc:.... =.G""~ ~ 0 8: = Q) 0 <II' 1O.Q<IIt;CII .... 10.. C\ o'!!! <II v 10 "'Ov..c.... c...oc:C:; o .". 0 10 :;:;.c 01 B > "in:!: >- 10 ~ &.~ C:._ - 10 ~ <II' E/QC\....Q) .- ::J c: L: C\ Q):g.>.u CII .s:::>o.c:= ....:0...... u ~ S-=fij~o. , ....... 10 ....... c .Q .... u Q) <II ..0 ::J <II ..... o <II Q) <II o 0. .... ::J 0. .... ~ , I c o :;:; 10 C E L: u .!!! Q ....... <( ....... .s::: c u Q) ::J .r::: <II ~ 'c'O , Xl 10 (IJ <II Cl U j;. !!!Z".a ::J>:;:;IO aJ 'i: c: c: uO-CIICII o 'CII.c ....<II.r:::.... o.~.... .... 5~<II~<II ,vlBlO5 gj~i:>-:;:; u ,::J= 10 BlBID'S-g ~ .!:!.- lij E o.~t:EE ,Q):C100 lB<IIIO"'OU 'Uul.!!!C~ =-gv&2.... 8.0~:20 c:; 01'> ::J ul .-.c;>OCII <IIIJ<II~Ol g~iQ<IIB _ ::JCc ...."OVOIO ~ ....- - > u::~~~v -IOCu::1O V - - ui' Eo 0 0 "'0 n, ........0... Q)~<IIE~ j5IOC.s:::= IO<II.QU~ C<II....::J... O~IO<IIO' <II Q) V .. IOcO~Xl CII E '-._ ....CIIE..lIt.... ... 10= CII 10 0 E'- ..lit U U lU~U....~ EOlUlO , .- .....c <II .8'lOO....8 U .. Q)- Q)ii::Ul....:::. .....- Q) lU L. ::J "0 Cdj Q) =010<11<11 ~Eccui' lU.clUOEV ___U> 0 =::JVQ)O .......<IIIOVCl ... Q) C -5 10 .,0 -= .s::: S c: '.... ... .w lU "0 - iZUO~ - >-~ & ~ ~C:g~J2 "OQ)Q)p::J ~~~(;~ c:"o-....Q).... - <11"'0 o "0 UlQ) .a "0 C~_IO!! ....IOCC IDQ)::JQ)~ -:S l:; ~.r::: 0 !!CIIlJ~Cl ::J .!!! ; Q) C <II ~ L :!: .Qj CQ)"IO..o Q).s:::cn~C O....'I:J-O ....OeB:p ~....lQC/Q 10 Ocn lIlV <IIV~ E OE <II VlQ 10 8~~"OE Q)~1II50 C...=~~ Q)ClXVIO ..0 Q) ::J"5 ... >-<IIlQOO 10 ~'''- ~ ' E 0 Q) Ul Q)~g lOigl!:lc <II Q)<IIIO 0- <II.c> l!:l"O..cU"O <llCUIO::J1O .s::: C Q) <II .. Ut>.cOlQl ::J"....COl <II..'E32! ~iQ)B.~ B-g~....a -1010 .. o u U .c ~ ... ....)(Q)........C Q) CI.o Q) == QI ....Clt<ll'lOVV ~ ;. iQ l:;.f! ~ 10 ..., ::J Ul ,..0 ""'::vC8Q) ro.o>O'-::J c ~:c EQ) ~ "Oc: =~C Q) ......."0._ V <II ::J V <IIC: ;oro U ., gj Cl ... .!! -C:Q).Q .!:! =c 01 10 (IJ.s:::::JC> i:. v - Q) Q) ro>gg::E .... 01'- ro U lU c:.... 0.10 .r:::-O ........C->- <II -- ~.x"""'E:O Q)Q)..!!!....IO i:c:IOO!! ;o-::J<II<II ..0 I!!:E CII .- c CII.~U"jij O"L:V:E> '-"'C:CIIO olJlO->E ~..c 01.... Q) CC.=O.... ::J .2 1:: CI.r::: E....oc:U 10 0.'- ::J Et<llt:<II oocq:: IJo-~e!! V~........Q) lijE.E~~ .... U Q)... CD.........s:::....... L-ColJ~ .!! lij Q)E.s::::: .... 01.... .... ".r:::::J Q) 1Q;J<IIO.s::: JOx;=........ -:-..c.r:::o ~=<<J""~ ::J~t'i"t:J0 ~q.:;Q)Q)IJ >- OIc03 ~~IOEf ~~~!!-g. .. .., Q) QI"'i..c.r::: ~.E<II>-ro E ..::J C (; Q)(/)o IIJ........ C c:..aIOc:o OIOUIO:;:; ....C....UlU Q) - IIJ C Cl ~ jij c:.-c olJ .2-Q)-E<II i~31<ll-= .a1O~Q) ltl U o..-.r::: ~::J_t.... >....-10>- ;::..~f..c..c "0 C 10 ul olJQ) g~ .!!!c >~ ;::..~ Q) , (/) (/) ::JQ) /QCl -cu u_ u~ 't:J'" co. ::Jui' u~ ._ olJ ....= ... - IOU .o~ 10 ' ....<11 08 i6~ > Q) o(/) E , Q)(/) .... "t:J ClIO fig .... .s::. ltlu fi~ l!:l~ flO t'iE Oc: 0 .... ECII cu .... "'O..:! c- 1O.f! UIO >- , :!:cu ....- c..c Cllro C > IO~ .c CIIu ....10 ~>- ~:o ....... 10 > QI ....... .... ~ o o N - 00 ~ ~ 5 .c: < ~ ta rn ~ b!l '0 "0 1 -:--: 0. t:: ..s:: 0'\ \0 ~ o ~ -.::t" cu 0() ~ p.. '0 ItJ e I QJ .r:. """ I L.. cu > o o """ >- 0.. a. ItJ ..... o c: o '0 '""" U '-' '0 c: ItJ o 0'\ 0'\ ..... ~ o ..... o < rn CU .- .~ - ~ rn o ..d ..... ~ ell a o 'C cu e < cu ..d F-< '""" co '-" rn ..c: Q. ~ 01 ItJ L.. ItJ Q. J:! ::J (f) I I >- ..... .0 ItJ ~ Q. Q. ItJ c: o c: o :ij ItJ ~ EIIl ::J~ Sil c: o :ij U QJ III .0 ::J III ..... o III QJ III o Q. ... ::J a. L.. o u.. , I III """ c: CU E QJ L.. ::J 0- f ~ :.0 '(ij III QJ U U <( ..... o ..... c: 0 18 gj o QJ '0 .r:. .= ..c:UIIl U'- ::J -.r:..o ..c: ~ ..c: ~>-QJg 1Il~511l ::Jc:c:..c: .c QJ._~ ~QJi~ 0""" 01>- 'i~1tJ0.. QJ1: OlE ..c:a.C:O ..... CUu LItJ>- QJ >-:;:;: 0 >.oL....... o.......EItJ~ c: N ._ :ij 1tJ'-'L..C: -roQ.QJ O'-'''''''.c: QJ\OOu {IIOC:::J ItJ rr"l III III QJ c:'-- ...0.r:.0 o:ij.!:! QJ u.r:. L.. ~~~~ ItJ ... '0 m .r:.QJC:~ ~ '0 ItJ ... ::J c: {II..c:QJ Q.::J- 1tJ""" QJ i ::J 0 f; ::J:!:! ~ .......gj~1tJ c.- '0 '""" {llIIlE::: QJ c: ..... '-' '0.20'0 ::J..... e: c: u.!!!OItJ e: ::J:ij ~ -OlItJQJ c:Q)-e- o L.. Q. -QJOO ..... .r:. Q. CU ~..... ~ Q. .E.s~~vi "5'~~:e~ III >- Q) &. :i:i =Co..:s!lIl.!!! ~E>e:::J rooe~~ '-'uQ......L.. Co '-' 10 L.......1I ::J 00 L.. :2'O.c':>.0 >e:....."" :oltljij~13 e:{IIQ)ItlL. ,- QJ.t:: III ::J e:~Q)L..-g Itl~.r:.ou ~C:""'.c:o E~O~5.. L..'O-~L.. 8. ItJ 'lO .c: 0 , Q) , o III L.. Q) <Il .....QJ.c.c:Q) .... 01-.... U .c~""'0:ij .-- u..... U c~f~1tJ QJ 5..=0 ~ a c.......a....... ItJ {II '" ..... III cu !! 18 c: "~ .~ :!: III B .!::! ::J- co::- g~&.c8. L.. "'" - 01..... =u)~iiio ~~:s!ltJg {II~~~:ij ~Q):s~~ :ij{ll.c:E~ III Ill' U '0. .-'O::J= o III 501ll'lOE~ o Q) cu 1tJ'- E C1L..l: ~ OlCUCU.....>-QJ c:f;-;.....'Olll - >U'OL.. fiE~~.!!o o 0 '- '0 ItJ III ~ .::: c: = .:::E '.....QJEEItJ c~.r:.L..=~ .2 e: ~ .& QJ ItJ 1jQJ(I)Q)Q)= ::J'O.......c:.Q x .bL..01-.....::J III 011I ,OItJ C:C:C:IIl~"'" 0-0'" 0 UQ)p~Bc: u'ltjItJ....."""o co:: a. '0 0 ItJ "(ij -.- O......r:.- lrl~Eo""'~ a.L..E>-~L.. (f)ItJO....QJa. '""" a. U ~ .c: QJ C.s~~bfi o z <( (f) z o ..... I- C!i o ~ ~ o U U <( U .... ...J co => a.. Z ..... (f) z o 1= ~ w I- ...J <( o z <( z o 6. =>(f) O::w 1-.... (f)1- z:l 0..... U~ ~u.. w...J z<( .... .U rr"l0:: Ow rr"l~ .~ ~o (f)U '""" ItJ '-' N o .!::! rr"l .oC: ::J.2 a...... U o QJ .....(1) '0 ..... Q) 0 =11I a.Q) a. III ItJ 0 ilia. ItJ L.. ::J ..-:::c.. .QL.. '-'.e c: c: .20 1j:ij CUItJ III e: .0- ::J E (I)'I: c: U .- .!a '0'0 QJ , '0 III .- QJ > .- e~ a.i:j 1Il~ 1tJ_ .....1tJ 0..- QJ ~ ~ QJ wE : E . 0 EU L..'O ~~ .....(1) o c: e: 0 Op PItJ 1tJ'O ~o -EIIl ~E~ <(O::J '"""~u eltJ.:: ... QJ cu J:! ~ .J!! .~ 1Il~t)o .c"CItJ€ ....-... e:>a. 0- E E"g._.e o ';'~~ l"'l.ojijlll C:QJ511l 1tJ-....."E -s.oultJ L..~2"C Q)::J.....c: ..... 1Il1tJ'O ItJ 'Oc: III """Ill c: - - ItJ ~1tJ~fi.~ e:o"",,';;QJ ltJ"'ItJ>~ a. ~ fi Q) :ij a:eQ)g.!a UIll-ItJ.r:. 013~'O'" .....u.....L..ij ~~~8,o lc: ouc: L..~EItJ::J .E=Ccu.E'O (l)1tJ'O cu Q)fe:g~ EQJBtl.!!! -L. CUIll ~1tJ~1IlC: ""'R:iP.co tI.c:c:::S:ij ::J.....QJIIl.!!! l:; t) c:"5 & (I)<(ItJ::scu c: Q)1IlL.. 8.!a(j).....e: .c .c 0 .- 'O.....>IIlQ) c:..... >..... U 1tJ0...c:c: e:c:~QJE~ OlQ)U Q) '(ij X ~ 'tii Q)EQ)-L.. .......... ::J .... U Ill' 0- >- ~~Q)QJ.o -QJ-L.. Q) ~Q)'O L.......=.c:QJ ::so.o.....-:t; =CUItJ........ ~......~CUo ItJ '0 Q) a. 1tJ'O.c:Eo .......Q)..... U Cfi j .s .S ..... Q) ..... o -e Q).r:. 0 Q)1tJ .~5""'.s:::. III a. ':>...... ItJ '0 R:i ::SL.. ""o.s:::.e: a. QJO..... :i:i ultJ .r:.':>.c e:~~ItJQJ>-~ .....""Q) Q)... -401 ~:o~~~ 10.= ~~ 0 .c;1tJQ)QJ.....~IIl"Ccu4J L.."""E-Q) C:Q)L..1Il OQ) ,cL..oo"'QJC: ,.c ::J 10 Q) ... P Q) .... 0 b:.~~.c gj ~~ ~~ ~ox",o==QJ~QJItJ:u 1tl>-1tJc; '~-.c:CU"'" .s:::......EItJ~ItJItJ.....~i6 QJ'- - QJ 'V .c:c QJS~ 0L...s:::.,S'O.s:::. 1tJ.s:::. """ QJU C:1Il"'J!~""QJCUL..::S O::s o:SCU 0.2> cu III >. QJ ~ '{II ~ ~ ItJE ~ ~ ~ .c.c.....fII>= 401 cu .....ltJu>_ ....cu.c "C......c:HQJ'Ooo.c:~ ~u4Jii(l)~.!!!.c:..... QJJV ij.....::s::J co 401 01 III ~llij e:.I!::o.....= [.s:.~ ItJ c: is.c: U ItJ ~ :!: .!!!:2 Em I ~:fg'5i~ cu15 "",,:J t:. (I) 10 >- """ (I) ItJ 1081tJ...jij """ ,Ill III ..c: ~ ::J:s! :P QJ E =0 """ L...r:. 10 '0 ::J e:.Q ItJ _ou -ocu-_.r:. OIll::J>>U (l)C:~ QJJ,.JIIl~'- QJItJ ~ L..U -'OL...s:::.m::J> QJ QJE.u.s: o.....~.e III .s l!5 III .e 01 2J C C 01 i6 .... CcuC:UOQJC:::J L..""" o.c:'-~'-""u"O ItJ 10,- '0 ..... x......- a..c: ..... """:::J U QJ c: ~ .....~.....UIOC: 1:"0 aL..CUoe:~.2E'Oc: cu....IIl-.v :::J .- ~ ~ i6 g..f; ~ E"g 11 - ItJ Q) .- I e: 1tJ._ ItJ UE.2t:;:;oEx ..Q) J! ItJ 0::: - .- ItJ 11I:0 ItJ E Q.:.o 'lO 5.. E ~ ItJ ltJc:o"O!5!(j)ItJCUO~ O-"""QJ.::... .c:.c: """ """ QJ a;.. ~ iii 01'" 0."0 .we: QJ C:OCUC: U QJ L..~.c: c:.-.....- Q) E ~ IO:!: ItJ E QJ 10 0. - :> 1tJ'.....0 ill .c: .e QJ .. 01 oW R:i .. .... CUIll .s:::.cnc:e:.cIllQJ L..=ItJ....'ii.:5i1o....E_ fi~..:cu:::JItJUL..o:e _....o:o:s!~~~egj ~ (l)QJ f- > Q)= c:.c: Q) 11I-'0- ...u ,"""c:QJItJ"Cc:UltJmo ~ltJfi~.E:::J~E.o1tJ -.::t" o o ~ 00 ~ -.::t" S ..d tIS "l:I ~ - fr ~ ~ B ~ ~ 'fn 0() QJ .... ca ell ~ 09 o "l:I 1 -:-.; 0- :t:: ..d t'-- \0 1:; 0'1 G) 01) ~ ~ ~ e:: G) S E G) > o ~ '"; U o ~ "0 ;i G) "S ... V'1 e:: .- ~ ~ '" is 4-. o '" .- eLl c:G ~ G) i3 e:: o c:: o .~ c:: 's . ... .. o rLJ :.a c:: o Z m 0 8'" .- G) 2:::0 G) cd n '" - >-. "0 .;$ ..0 ;i~..2.... ",c::..o~ "OO~ ';$'-= ;:j a cd ..._ j>. E o.~ tao n> ;=:r.+:<00 .... e:: ~ .... ><!.... G) Q.. ~ "0::0 G) G) .... .r:: m '"' m ... QSG)rI.lOl) .. > G) c:: e-~ 8:.a G) G) ~ ;:j ..."t:IrI.l_ .5.c.2 g ... -'t - .... e:: t'llI.> n G) ~.-= ~ ~.> ~ 0. ~ "0 ... rI.l 0. c:: 0.'" G) ~ n.s o >-. <1:1 4-. v-So ..s::a1e<l:l ~ .. 01) e:: . ~ 8.g ~ bI) 0.. tJ ''"'1 d n ~ tV:a '" v, G) .. j>. UG) ta S."'...s:: :=: n2:-o .- . G) ><!G)0>-. ;:j ....; 01) ..0 ~ ~ d...... 4-. '" ~ .., o d G) o <I) 1;;..;:: e :3 .... td .. -uc.,..,"O,....:. G).- 0 "0 .,....... -5srl.lCl1C o8"8G):l:)' -8.r::~-- ~oll~~ ~U"':::'C::...... VG)~G) . ... > . ~ It') ~.- ~ c ~ rI.l tS d';;J:::::: o~~o.rI.l ..<.i-<ce~ 1:: G)....._ ::s o ~ ~~13 ~'> S'C U ..s:: 0'- G) 0 OI)l:::dO><5. .-..... G) - O.ri) "0 S ~ +oa._ ~ "0 > -;j mn G) "t:I ;:j G) .. e:: c:: c:: (.) o bI) CI1 CI1..;:: ~.... S (.) >:3...d....e ..2"t:1goo.. G)rI.lG)::.... n "0 G) 0...... 0 <U.~ rn ~ .2 .... > .- U CI1 I.. 00..0.- C:::G)dOo c:: 0'r:: e 0.. .... "0 CI1 "0 C 2 -:S .s c ~ - ,- <I) CI1r1.l..s::~c:: n "0 - m 0 :3 ';$ .~ '"; '';:: dG)m::S~ ~<I'.ld:-9t.::: Q.,~ 0 >.- G) ~ <1)._ "0 _",~"Oo 2 ~ o..s e ~ .... c.8 -m d o .s u.i 'fl e:: 8 ::.... 5 td c:G._ c:G .-=:".j:! ...... G) 2: ......_ _ .... "0 co -.- C) d._ en d.g.... (1$ > .....ri) ..... c:: m 8 0 ;:j CI) ;:j 8 0.."t:I c:: -5 E .... 0';) 0 "0 E 2:- mG)O ~tj>.&~(.) "0;) ...G) a....:=:CI1~> :-::: 0'>< .... 0.';:: E .s ~ c.8 ~ & .53 CI) '" m'" <.i-< ;: ~d:3'";G) ]~t';lg.g~ +- ~] ~.>.> 5 '~.E @:e 2 .... ta 01)... c:: 0. "S ..0.- 01).... 0 o Soe::... ti:: as 4-. .. CI1 "0 'C b()- 0..... G) (1$ c 2 bI),~" . - .... - = - '3 CI) 0';; m. - >-. 0'" "'3 ... ;:j CI1 ~ ~ G) ~ c.8o.s>:o..- "O_n08o.~~ CI) as tl:: Q.. G) U ti:: ~ ~ e ~ .~ 'E G) NG)CI) >G).r:: C/.) ...... ..... '0 l-. en -foo-l\ .. ..0.... 0 G) 4-. G)'''' r::..s:: en "0 0 ~~td-to!.t:: CG) G)_CI1~ E 8 ~ S ~ rn .2 e ~ '> cd td ~ .~ o >-.<I)G) 0 > U - '.9 ..0 ... 4) 0 a;]4)J:ig~l5.. ...- .... Q() '';:: -:S .. G) 01) 4) ,- td CI) >;;:=Eu~..s:: ~ e:;.~ s -0 . CI1? Gi "0 ~ >-. labl)"";uou..o o r:: CI1 e:: e.::: "0 .... .- 0 ;g G) l:. CI) o..s::u<I)_G.)~ cd U .........0 rn G) CI1 0 rn td"t:l.. "t:Ie..~e::r::"O ;r::B~g"'--g m'- td ,.J '" <I) CI) 4) <I) 0 G) "0 >-. (.) (.) ~.r:: ...;; as .- 5 m.... cd - ~ 1;; ~ ~ s ~.~ on'ri) bI) 8 n'- 0.. a <I).S B ~:= 8 _ CI1 >._ G) ~ 0. 'e- n 0 v .r:: as 0. m e.r:: In t';l '53 ~ co - <I) vn G) .."4)....<1)-5>\:,0 v s:::"s 00 ~ .;;.- U -5..0 e '+:I vo",td o E 0- v"O e .sefa-o.::Vcd .- (.j.; ~ s::: 0.5 G) ~ <1:1.;; "0 r:: ~ g me 1t)-"t:I 0.(1$ ~tUtdg-><!- G).~ .... U g G).~ "001)00 (.) <1:1 ~ ~du.r::o<:'" X'~ :i ~ ~ e 1:; e.S e 6 .. 2 a .r:: G) co rn 'C;'- C 0. ......... '"' tU 0 tdG)..oG)..s::..s::r.+:< '"' "0';; 0...3 - bI);:j m "0 v 0. U e- G) s::: <l> l7.l..c: t\i g tL:::.r:: e ~ l:l..._ c:G..o ~ Q()U "t:I co 1;:1 51 .... I:I.l CI) "0 tJ' c:: <I) ~ e CD 'i ~ G) ~ - G.) :0 t';l e:: CD o ~ 2:- ~ m G) g d $:l 0 t:: .~ OQ() .~...... td1n e ~ tS .s C rn .- - v.~ -5td ~:-8 v.S "00 ::l- ot: e::._ .- td 0- _0. "08 v 0 d 0 t+:l~ G)4-. "00 .~ d o E.~ ';$ ~ "E. .~ 8 ~ 8.5 v '"' lltS "a v 5::0 0'- ulS : 0 :: ~ -a e .;) m ...... c:G E-d Ot: (.) ~ G)o. t).g -am E .. o~ Us td ~ - '"' c.8 CI) ::0 ~ e 0. G) -5 s::: .- "t:I G) I:I.l rn ;:j (.) rn :.a .~ Q() $:l .~ G) E en .=: ..... ~ - It') ~ - C .- "t:I <l> m ;:j I:I.l .- -<1.1 Q() 2 "'0 4-. o V rI.l ~ ta Q() ~ .- ... $:l ~ :::'l ,,0 <l> I:I.l as ... ~ 0.. G) ..s:: ~ : 00 01) 2 "0 4-. o G) I:I.l ;:j ai 01) v :5 - ~ . G) € t._ ;:j't) UG) : en I:I.l tIS V e on :s c.,.., o ~ t: c:G 0. .g~ : 2 V G) ]-5 ~~ "'0 G.)~ ~ 51~ ._ 0. <1:1..0 G) ;:j "'Om :>.>-. u.c S:::"O G) G) ~.d I:I.l -.- c:G- -..g CD... "t:Im G) CD ~ m G) V ..c: '::;: ..... .- 0== _..0 ....;; ~s::: G) 0 '"' 0. o m - e "0..... V $:l <I.l G) ;:j 5 .~ B ., .... >-.tS o ;:: ~ CO ~~ "0 ..g 2.):l tIS m $:l._ OO$:l .~'E "0"0 " c:G E~ v- -; ~o f-;OO _ c:: -~.~ ~ 0 00.... c:GtS "04) CD_ "S..o C::'- 01) a .- 0 ~o. Om ., e '"' 00 r/) ';1 tU ~ .- ~ .r:: ...... ~V ..... ~~]"Oc.,.., 1(j-_r::0 ~ 1:; :>. (1$ tS t:'"""',.o~< ~..c::= t'--m ~ '-' r/) r-- _ ~.~ ~~ ~ tJ <<= :.a ~n .g oo.g ; ~ 5 N. (.)..c:65 .~ ~ -fj <: ] -g .~ ~ Q(),....:. ti:: td ta \0 .S 0 .- _ ;:j N ~ It') -go"t:lNO- U <: '> ~::t: c:G I:: r::._ ~ '"' 1:: 0.0] N.;I 8- .+:/ ~ .... ~ ~ G) t'\S_: '-' '"' ~:= E 3 G) 5 e ~ B tn;~ t::lijG)€~~ - ~ .p 'f,! 'g "0 COV4-.~CI)5 ~-50rn8.... ... Qr).." G) ... V 1:;.0 2' -a. 0 .s .,.......~.+:/ E ~ ~ 00 c:G e::._ g .~~~eg"t:l o 5 G) G).::;: e :-8 ',;:1 -5 -a '" ., ~ ~ j.9~.~ G) rn +- rn <I);:::: "t:Ir::..s:::.....o .- td 0 en c:G ~: CD.';::.~ m .~ (/]....--.l < 0 m~CO:>v- .- - '"'? 0 >-. - ~ Vs ...... ~,;:j~ 5;E ..... "t:I ...0 :;:: '>'- v ~ >. ~.- 5 ~ ~ "E. It) -g \:: ~ 0.. .-.... 0 Q "g ~ 2''''~~~td~ E C 0 "'0 ~a; <l> .B ~ c,- "0 ..... ~(I$;g- ~ .s "0 d'..;a g +->c.,..,t::O.......s:: <+< 0 tIS'';:: 4-. '" o dt\SO~ =s:::00+,0'I o .g '.;:I.g is 00 .+=1.- td ~ ~ 0\ .- s:: 0 ...... dt+:l::t n t+:: CI) "0 .s ~n -8 "0 p;,l c; 0. N ].s~~og ~ 0 .~~o- :.-tl_+-N ~:a< 5E~ :':::~bI)e ~ :.0 ~.5 t: .~ ~ ~ 0. Tn td >-.~ .... E g frtiS ~ 88tt:oa~ 4-. G) o .s 8 ....- "'._ 0 td m 0 >-._ s::: o...c: d - 0 ~ 0 CI1 a.z:l ._ G.) ~ rn t\i "g;S . ~z (1$ n r/) 0. CO ..c:~5"t:1-:S ..c: G).+:/ G) 4-. .E -fi ;g 8: 0 ~.... 0 t'\S -1 fr I::.~ ~ Ql;Jud"O~ .g 'a 8 a s::: .- ..c: -.r:: co >-CU_ J:j .- tU $:l - ~ "C"OOlt)bI) .5 d'';::: CU s::: '" c:G 0 m.... ~3g5~ "0 ~ '"' ... .r:: ~ '"' V..d U ~:5~aE ~- ii"8 1:; oi) .€ -< t'\Sn ~ Q)n :;:: . ~ ;:l :>. ~ E;o"O 4) ~ mO~.r::_ :.a-:S-O 0~0t:: . ~ s:: ~ ~.... ,-, .- - 50 -5 ~ 000 ~ .~ 5.~].... ~ -.- 0 $:l 0 a; "0 $:l .... 0 ;:j 2 8 rn" <::: ...... "'0 0. - -;j.~ . .- V as ;:l.s.:; ....:l .2: 0 0.."t:I m . "0 U n._ r/)..o C t'\S ~.~:E ;:j =- >-. 0. "0 - e:, +:l >. d "0 ~ $:l .......- V C C tU ?-.r:: N._ G.) t:: "'" 0'-- - -;:j d.- CD 3 ~ <I.l ~~ -:S Gi -5 bI) g ~ ] ~ .~.~ ~ ~ "'o.S:-9 ~~~ c:U. 1 <<S '"' 1t).0 o 0.1: 0. <1:1 s::: .- ;:l Cl1 G) ~ ::t "0 4-. > '"' EO 0 ~OOrnc:U tU <I.l e:: 0 ~ 1:I.l'- 0 -;j ;:;.. ;:l >-.'il U $:l o G).~ N d' 0 ~ ~ ] .~ .8 'il 2 E ~ Q()'tU Z m 0 ~ .. Vi v r:: _ .... 0._ ~ . .... m <<S "'0 bI)_ : l:I.l-<=!e~o ~v+-td..._ :=: 5o.~ u.r c:: "C .- d ~ v '1) Clol ~ 0 $:l.lj g P- en U 0._ '"' ~ ;.;:::"-~;::::-U .... ::::' Clol.o 4)._ : ""'o.td..c:"'O Et:",~o;; B@B.r::.stt: CD G) >-..~ - G.) -fifa"a~=d-:S 1:; !l ~~ ~ 8 4)r::O::St<;t- "" (I) ....... "0 u.o ::.1 ~ at/)';;:e c: 4)' l-. .... r:: ;:j .r:: 0. "0 t\i 0 ~ e R .s .r:: U ~ o N ........ ~ ~ ~ ] .r:: N Q() ~ "0 c:G 1:: o ........ 6 OIl '0' -0 en ::1 r ::::::: g- .r:: r--- ID '0 o ...... Q) bl) c...s ~ ..... C Q) E E Q) ~ d ~ o o H '"0 &1 IU ~ ..... CI) = .- .€ - ~ In o ~ In .- CJ'.l c...s r:a Q) ~ g t::: o ..g s:: .s .c ~ .- -0 g Z ti.i~ 0.... EE @.€ o t'II -Q) g..o .- Q) ~ 5 .....-0 ~"3 ~.,g o 0 ..... '"' s:: 0 o s:: .~ '"d r;;~ 'Eil 5 Q).... .........s:: E .;;; Q).- l:: Q) ::s 0 ~B ~~ '"' ::l o rIl C+:<""" 13 0 c...s = ~.g o.'a St;:; .- u 0-0 c...s s:: ~.- ..... ~ .- 00 ~ ;j ~..c:: '"00 <u 0 --gz "U<Ii s::.~ 0..... u:.= :~ IU 0 so.- a-O o~ u.- " ~ t) rn <~ rI.l 0 Q).C ..0:: u ;;8 ~< m.... O~ oS~ '~ ~ ~ rI.l U 0 =..0::- <<S:.= as 0._ m .c..o t'II U 'r;; .a 850. <ms:: U u.- -S oS ~ 00 oS ;j =.- .... .~ :>..... o ~ (.) tI:I U m s::: =.- u:.=.s ..E .5 B tiS .g .> ~ = .- s:: 0:1 o ..... ..... o U Q.. rI.l e ..c:: ..... .~ rIf = c...s U 8 ~ :.= ~ <I.l :.a E U ..... Q) ~ E-< . " tiS .g "> :.a s:: .- ..c:: o .... r;,; c.-. o rI.l U +:J '> '.0:: o c...s ~ c+:< :.= 6 'ar E U .J:: ..... c.-. "... .... U """ o E I.... o U = o rI.l ..... .s :.= >. - Cd .-l:l = <<S ti.i .0 ::s rI.l ~ ...c: ..... ..... = U E 'a 0. .5 '3 = U 8 6 ~ o .- fIJ >. ...c: Q., <: $ I.... o ....." = U E .- c...s 0. e .- ~ ..c:: o a ~ -0 I.... o (.) QJ ..... <: -- e !:i QJ e .a 0. .5 ~ ~ (.) 51 00 = .~ ~ ~ -0 Q) "E t'II e> ~ ..... QJ r:a -- 2- Q) ...c: rn ~ QJ ..... U U '"' oS Q) en QJ is ~ o QJ = o >> ;j rn l) QJ 8 10 .g .> :.a .5 a ~ ft. t <: "t, :1 m to ~~ coB = U .r;J :0 ::l._ o II.) ttC$ lot 0. .; U ~.o a;) 0 is = =-0 ;"3 ~ ~ rn Q) .- ..... .- - :.E C<$ rn Ci ~ ..... .~ en ~ o 'C Cl) ~ ~.t:: r--- " 0'1'"0 .-. t:: 13 8 ..... Cl) 000 <:-.i s::t"' 00'1 ..0::- .5 = :.= ...... .,.~ "'0 .gu ." Q. QJ iorl.l ~-og t'II 0 1D m Q) .st'll..o =~>> ...... :~~ "'Q 11).- "'oU ~ = U ._ 0- ti.i rI.l Vl I.... _ Cl) r;:: V rn" _ :> U -" ... "+=I ~ -0 :.= .- U:.E :-:::~c...s ~orn tI.i~:a :.a 00 :: t'II t+:: c.-. ~ .- 0.....0 .- U s::o ....r Q.. m m .+i '"' c.-. .-'- 0 s:: ~ ..... t+:: .m U m._ -ot:::- o ~ tI:I .- tI:I 00 m U = c...s 1....._ ..oc.-.-o U 0.> a I.... 0 (ij Cl) '"' m..o 0. mE>. .- ::s.o .pt:::m "Ot'II:J .B '"' = o.cE U o ".~ -ooorI'J c...s 00 t::: mO\U rn_"fi ~ c.-. '"' 01)00- =.....E 000 U<:o Q) .p '"' U "0 = ;;j Cl) e> Q) ~ o ~ Vl :.a s:: .- ~ QJ ..0 o .... -0 <Ll [) :E rn = o (.) m .- U ~ m lot o -.;t r--- 0'. .-. = ,- "0 U ~ rI.l .- ~ ti.i {J. ti.i '"' t;:; rI.l ~ ~ = o .+=1 .c t;:; U ""0 U ':$ U o = .- rI.l U ~ .J:: >. U ;S rI.l t'II u" l-o .a c.2 QJ ;S .5 'i N .t1 o o e U J::l ~ e ~ U "E o Ci/'.l :.a ~ U t::: >, ~ ..0:: ~ ..... rI.l .g rI.l ~ ..s ..... ii E .- <<S 0. .5 "'is -= U e '"' o (0 o .- m >. ..c:: 0. <: <: .... rn U E-< '0 fI.l QJ ..0:: .> .+;1 o t'II ~ I.... o '<<r E QJ .J:: .... ~ Q) I.... o E l-o o Q) = o rI.l ..... .s :.= ~ .> .- -0 t::: .- ..c:: o a '"' .--., 0 en eCl)..... g -a 5 g d' .~ c...s co QJ .".9- I....='"'~....S> bl).+:I t'II.a <<S Q) e (.) t:: fIJ"E '"' c...s ,u ~ QJ t'II ~, 0............. 01) t) ... t:::c;-::.a,",i3 .- rI.l = ""'""l t::: ""0 rIl t'II af cg .- u2 CO>1:i-o c .....- V ~) ~~~ge~ 0..- U -0 rIl Q) >< E Q) 0 <<S = UOUl.......c:o ~~5}<5-~.- >> o.~::SO"OQ) E e 0.- - m ,,... i> Et i ~..2 (0 t.=.cl 0.5b (.) d l:IiY .,,0 ti.i u:.a:E~o:.= E Q ~. c...s -5 rn 6 .~ i ~ ~~ ] 5 eIJ-a .... ell ._ 0 I-< Q) o.~ OOuOo..""....... >. "Q) o-cg:,= . ...c: = <f.l rIl 1:i .- -. o.O=OQQ)~:::' ~.~ u _ ~ rIl X .- 0 ..... J;;;._ N ~-gtU:a .....":t1X c...s O.-.a t::: t:lI)O ...c: (.) g 2 as.5 M ..... ""' .... ..... rI.l E . rn 0 _.- c::: -.;t ;::t rn "O::It'IIoo S Iu.:-r C <<.I 0 tt: "O~BS-;;~ iiJa~t'IIor;::U ::s rIl Q) I.... 0.- -0 ,- ~ 'a ~ 0 lr) ";;"0 rn \I:l Q) '"-:t .- -IOU ~ e. " "'t:S cg -:::l.... ~" c:::.~ ~ . ~ 0""0 ~ .- bI) m '""'":' = = ~ = 0 ::s .B.c 0::1 " ~OeUQur~ j..... " 0 rI'J rIJ fi.l rn ." u""O Q) '-" Q) >.~::s t::: =M ....~ 0 b()u-r--- 'ti.i 0.'5b = ""0 :-::: 0'\ r.C >>2 B ~ "3 .-. u~eQ)".,,=~ ....crn::s~t:::U ~S::Q)iiJ:..;;aEt) t~C:::Q..rI;l",,<: "0 E fIi c;:: Q 0 = = e ..0::- 0 ~ ~ QJ ~ t'II ~'.o:: . c: ti.i ~..e 0 c...s ~ Q) >, rI.l o..-l:l'~ ~ IS rn"E! 8 0:-::: JS."'"1 >. 0 >. e ~ Iloo.;ll\lI"OU-u .... 0.. 0 "0 ...c: ~ E..o~ t::: Q)"~ ~:.- bI) 8 tV E Q) ..... - = > (.) O...c: - t:::^'~ Vl.S.t; ..... ~.9 g <<S U r::: ~ :: ~-..e..e >. . ~.= '0 (.) ." UJ-.;t JS t.l: c..;:j ::s r c: 0 ll.., Q) U m ia.&; lr) ~~~~C:::I....t::: - u ..... ~'C .D 0 I;:l ....c c.-. .,;::; ::s u'-l:l I;.) ..... 0 t'II 0'- t) ..... c.-. Cl) .. ..... r::: u ~ 0 ..'0...2 t'II m ~__OrlluE!l1-< Q..;;:::..8~bOot8 "l:t o o ~ "l:t t:! -.:r E ~ bb e <<t ~ 5 '> o bl) '0' ~ ::s l :::::: 0- :l:l ~ r--- \0 c..-. o ...... <rl CI) ~ Q... d CI) 8 E CI) c3 ta o o ......l ~ ;j ~ 5 {/) = .- :E :g m t5 ~ m .- m cd C:Q CI) ;S t:: o = o .~ t:: .s .- ~ ~ ~ c: o Z , I ~ 8 m 8 ~ ~ ~ o Q) .D;> 00 ',;l = m .~.; O~ - ~ ~t (1).+=! .;3g c..-.~ o 0 CI) "'" "'" fr o ~ e ~ ~ a 0- CI) 8 t:: m o cd oo~ =.- '.;:1 -cl (J ~ ~ o~ ~'Ui' ~ ;I o 00 -~ tUO (J.J:: .~ ~ ~~ ;ioo "",.5 O-cl ~ ;:j dU -clmt:: .~ e.c 1) m~ g 8;-cl 0<'-> 00 il .... .., OO-cl d'CI);i o ." ..;:1 t:: _~ ._ .J:: -8tie- 54)>> <'->-- :.a~"O --;~i 0- 0 ...... ;::S...... oooe o ~ CI) -.J.J:: .9 8 ~ ~ -~ j>. ..c:tO~ o..g t:: 00 . c:: >.O~ t::-o <( e.,:: """"";:j= Sg~ "- ;::: IU ~ lo... .~ .... - .s ~ t: ~ ~ l ~ Q) m e .J:: 0.. Q) .J:: f:-; -- .- '-' -- - '-" o ~ .- o Q) 0.. m "0 = Cd .,,~ ~ ..5 - .- tU -= CI) e .... o tU S ."8 s Q) Q)~ 8 E "0 t:: ~ t:: 'S .D o .~ e!l o g .~ "E s e "3 5 8 m to .J:: o ;l .... CI) "E o m :.a ta o '50 o "0 .J:: o >> m o.r/i .... Q) 0'+:1 taa 5~ 8:.a >'00 ~.s -~ e~ m Cd Q)~ m m = .CIS .9 ~ .~~ -cl ~ =1::'0' o to._ o Q) ~ -cl.J::e o ....~ 0 td Q) .... mOo.. ~ ; 8 to(J>> ~rn~~ :.a';1 .... rn 0 0 ::s "'" 0 o .2 '.;:1 ._ 0 Cd oorn8 S Q) 0 t::-a~ 0..;:1 .... g"3S gs~ -cl >; Ii) ;-ai rnO.J:: 5~~ '50 ~ -- S-cl~ t:: ~ ti 8 "3 .~ -5~~ ~s~ o~ ~ ~ ... ~'rn 1l ,i':€ ....... ...... --- .- 0.'- SQ)~ :.= ~.~ '5rn-cl s:: La 00 mOoS:: .- La .F= g....~ .D.DQ) ~ e- ~8~ ~ ~,- ;:j rn 0 u"ECI) C::CI)~ .~ E <If ~.; ~ e t: 0.. = <IJ '8=:.::: ..... .- 0 2..~ La .J:: f:: s:: = 0 .....c:: 0 ~ 1; gj'.g -.J::8-cl ~ -cl CI) ; ilg ~d' lo... S 0 ~~.~.B SQ)-cl:.a .~ ~S~ ~La~ e 00 ~~'3.E rn.- s:: 'oJ cd ;> CI) v.i ..E o~ 8 .;1 0. :.a ~ 0 ] 8.B a f:-; 0 ~ i> :.:- '€ .! .g oO~.p cO = ~ CI) Q. rn cO s:: .~ CI) .J:: 00 = 'dS Q) rn 00 = :.2 tU ~ rn~ .:.d rn cd .... o ~ ~ rn :E ~ o o ~ ~ rn o g .J:: CI) ~ ;:j U t:: .- tU ;:j a 8 00 s:: .~ cg Q) Q.. c..-.~ Q) m <I.l -CI) s:: o .... cE 00 s:: .1: to o rn cG .J:: o fl rn o o '.;:1 o s:: r.S <I.l ;j Q) e "-l IU . ~oo ..... = .;; :.;;a .... .... g 0 ~ ~ $-cl ~ ;j~ .~ 00 ~ s:: ~,- CI) E m cd cd CI) '-' - .J:: ~ 0.00 t:: ]:s f:-; to --e e-.D '5 t:: rn CI) .g "- ~ ~ .~ .... - .s ;::: IU il 5 a ..... ~ ~ CI) rn CIS .... .J:: 0. Q) ~ -. .- .- o - to o .;1 >> .J:: Q. .... o ta .... s:: CI) S CIS 00 s:: .~ .J:: rn to ~ CI) t.;:: .- {f,l m CIS o m 's s:: CI) CI) .0 m tU .J:: .... o c..-r o C o . "... rn rn Q) .- ..;: .J:: ..... to.~ ~o .J::CIS m~ ;j:.= Q) ~ S,~ 'e S IU E e 10.; 0 ..... 8 ~5 ..... Q) e s ...s::m (,,) .':: i; s ~:.::: ~ >. ~;;j C'- u'" ~B ~$ ti ~ ..s:::... Q) tIS rn.g e1:: .J::Q) ~e ~ .;; __0. l""lS '-" .- m to .€ - = Q) o .- :g 0. to >. .J::J -cl CI) .... cG ~ m .- ~ .s -= .D rn Q) '.;:1 .~ .+:1 ~ r.e ..... ...... "'" o '~ S - .s :.::: I rn ;i CI) S 1: IU ~ .~ ..... >> ~ .~ ~ .g m e ~ j ~ "t:::s ~ ~ ~ .1:: Q) e .J:: 0.. ~ "0 o ~ o -cl ~ .J:: ... ... = Q) e .;; 0.. 8 . ~ .- = <<1.9 dB Q).- e E ....:.:: o CIS ]-5 .;ji ~ EOI) 0.= ..;: :.a Q;l..;:1 ::r: ~ 88 -- ~ .J:: o ~ -cl ~ ~ o ... rn ~ Q) ~ '0 m Q) ~ .a 'f! to Q) .s ~ .... ~ CI) .... Cd m to >> i3 o m CI) .:;:1 .~ '';: ~ ~ '-' o .4i' e rn - :~ - >> ~ ..j;1 i ~ ~ .s 1:: Q) E .;; 0. 8 .- '3 5 8 ~ o ~ Q ..... .... ~o ..s::: . ~ 0..1:: to CI) ~ E ~ .;; -.0. :~ 8 '-"..... ~ CI) E .;; 0. .5 a .J:: o ;:j rn 00 s:: .~ .J:: m to o ',;l = Q) Q .- :g Q. to >. .0 -cl B cG CI) J::l rn .- -= .0 g .;:: .E ~ cu -e <'-> :s ~ -.. - '-" .J:: ~ 1-0 ~ a 0. .5 -e CI) = t+:: Q) "Q en = <U e .;; 0. e .- Q) 13 c..-. o Q) = o = ~ ::z:: -. .... .- .- '-" ~ o rn" 5 E .;; 0. S .- ~ o .- <'-l E 0. S o tt:: 00 s:: ..0::1 ~ Q) "'" '0 s:: Ul '-' Q) "E o rn ~ C 'g CI) -cl ..... .g ;:j '0 = '... ~ CI) ~ 5 0() Ef Ul 'I: ;:j Q) s ;> e <'-l .g .;:: .- .D :.E ~ ~ :.E 0. o '"g Q.. Ern m 1-0 ..... Q) <<I"E ;:j 0 ~.~ ~"O ; 5 p..... ~ ~ ~i3 ._ .J::J -;)<<1 Q,) ::s ~ x = Q) m rn ~ ~ f-4 Q) -...;i 00 '0 = Ul 8 -cl ~ ;:::: .... ..t;) ~ .~ ~ e ~ Q) .J:: f:-; -. <rl '-" ~ o o N - "V ~ "V ] ..c: N 00 ~ -cl cd -e Q ~ 0() '5' -cl rn ;:j I ':--: ~ .J:: t'-- I.{) ~ o 00 .,... cu bIl cd ~ ..... t:: CU E , 5 6 ~ "; () o ~ "'0 fa 3 r/l = .... ~ ;.::: :g 00 is ~ c.Il .;; cd ~ cu .s t:: o t:: o .~ s:: 's 'c () 00 :.a s:: o Z '-' o til s:: ::a CIJ CIJ CIJ 0 u e ..g 0.. cd ~ }15 ..;= 2) cd co -'';= ~~ ~.5 1;1 0.5 0.."" 8'~ I fa .s:=E ~~ :gs:: >.- ]] ~.~ H ..Q ~ ~] .S : .... ed "'O~ c:~ .- cu >'tH c:.- crn "i;.2 c: ~ 1~ ..e SQ .~ : e~ .~ 8 :aCii =' - "'0 ..,;.> . ~:.a~ ~.5 ~ ';:1 ..... .- C::cd-fj CIJ -5 '-' Q CIJ 0 :.=:rn...... ~g< Q.,() "" CIJ CIJ o .c ..c: 1-0..... CIJ 0 '-' . ~-8 .~ i s:: Q.o..=' ~~.g ,.-., ~ tI:l $..] ..... I 8 g cu c.Il S.o "" c..;cu U '1'] ~ !s.S l:.a ." s::: 1:;.- I~ .J~ t:: cd jl ., ;j 19 ... CIJ i8 ~ i;1cu .~] jJ .s ~ . ~ -: ~ f!i I:f~~ -3ocu .s ~ 15 '+:1 = ;>. C;i\o.c .... '-' ~ G" 0 ~ ~ u -gcu o ;>...... o 0 e _ '2' 0.. 'ileu'-' ..c::,-,O .GI) 0 "'0 ~ "'0 .2 ..;:: ~ fa is'e bb ocu..... :=~..e ..QcuCO ::s co.t: 0..=;>. 1Jl!.- s::: o ~ tI:l CIJ ..e ~ 'SI-<O >CIJ.... .c.s:= = o..I-<CU 008 Z.~ S _..e .= e~ 5 ..,; ~ c..I 'E ~ gPJ -= = III ~ c..I 't -= - GIS = Q C ~ ~ I,() ff') - Iii ~ >. :;e .g~ 'S s::: :.ata s::: = .- 0 . ~ c.Il <f.ll-< "" CU . ta 0.. ..Qcd (,,)~ 'G)O ~:s ~.~ ~ ~ ..ern () "" ~ 0 ~~ :S"'O .~ a > rn eu I-< "'0 0 -CIJ $3 1h o ;j c.Il"a as 6 o..rn rn '-' CIJ CIJ ..;= 0.. ;.:::: M :stB ~ 00 ._ I-< "'OCIJ .s-g ._ cu ~ ~~ ~~ cd.ta ;j "'000 .- c:: >.1: :.sed = CIJ . - .s:= S S -80000 ._ cu c:: > 00.- o 00 ~ I-< cd CIJ 0..]>4; g ~8 Cc:: ~ ..;= 0 00 =._ s::: cu 15....;= () 'C ~ ...... u........ ::CooS ;j e ~ Q..o..gp cd In.p cu cd ed . !::..c: CIJ ::s () e 0'" ;j .- CIJ 00 cu '"' ~o ..... 00 s::: o CIJ ed e.~ ...... c.Il ~.~ 8--c:) : "t:l"'OtI:l ....cuOO '-',J:) = ed.c.- Q..o--c:) c.Il O'l =' :Eeo f-4 Q...5 =c CIJ i: CIJ rI.l ~ - a'I ff') - an ff') \C ff') - vi ff') - - .... = CIJ e ~ Q. a ~ I U .... - GIS C. .Q :I [I} .f cu 00 ;>. a ~ ~ .... .... ~ :a Q - C. = C .... ... III = .... s .... - c..I .~ "Cl ... 5 e ;.. Q -a e ~ = "III' - Iii ~ Po CIJ "'0 s:: ;:s ...... 5 s S - ,., E CIJ .5 s::: o ..;= cd r:: .s .c () 00 :.0 o ...... ~ ~ o CIJ .."., .g 00 CIJ .0 ~ .- - ~ 00 .... "'0 ~ O'l .r;; cd .c CIJ .s 8 ~.~ ~c:: ~~ _.-4 __ -- . - ,J:) ~[ :.aed cd ;>. ,s.::.Q .~ "i ~o "a.g .as:: .... 0 > 0 :.oc s:::._ .- > -g.B tHcd ;.;~ ;:SFf O"'tij Zbb ";S'E "'-" 0.. .€,c s:: ..0 f 5 o Q Q..:'= o...g 00.. ~..... CIJ cd 80S s~ -ac s.p ~5 ta .~ ~1 CIJ cd .s;>. ~.o 0"'0 00 CIJ go .~.g _c ~8 ec cu'- -5.E ;>.0 .oed "is ~g ~bIl 00 e cuQ.. 00 Gi cd 0 tf'E <CIJ 00 cu ;>. ~5 o r:: ....... .- ~c ... CIJ ..;= e ~;>. o 0 00- 'So.. CIJ e e CIJ e g . .... ;>.- ;j - cu 0" Q.. +=l e Q....;= euedr..... .c: o~ 0 .....M .... ~I.{) - ~_.g Q..t .~ <I.lii"'O .- Q.. 00 .c: .C c:::~::s o~....... ~U] c.Il 0\ .... o ~ 0 e-.5 :::: ;:s s:: () Q.. o.~ '"' .- .0 o~;:s ~._ c.Il _6 0 CE~ -.. 0 cd eu.~ cu -55 ~g 600 ..J:l e ~o.. ~ cu~ CIJ 0 1-<.- cu c: .s ~ ;>.;>. ~fa CIJ = ..c: . ... 00 .... ;.:::5 ~e 00 ;>. CIJ 0 O'l -a""; cd e CIJ n ';:I rr:. CIJ. +:l r--. 0 ~ ~-o ~~s:: o Q.. 0 ...... c...- ocdo < -a~ c:: CIJ'C .0 E ;:s ~ ;>...-, ;.:::..9] .- Q...... ~So .s::u.... ClJoo ~...eu ClJc:E -s.~ ~ roCIJO 0..00 v 00 ''is o~_ .,......0 = CIJ c:: o e 00 ..0 e."" 0._ c :g 50.+:1 '+-IClJe o I-< CIJ 00 Q,) 0 ~ r.I).-"! s::: 0- cu..c..g e-o.. ~~~ .S .-:.s g'v~ ~ ~.~ ..c: ~ .- .....~~ 'S 1:: ~ CIJ '" U Q 0.. :.::: ~oo..o .- ~ ;:s -Bc::o.. r......- cd 08;>. ~'';=,C; <I.l<l.l~ o ~ cu 0........ - ","'r..... Q ;:so.g 0....... ~ CIJ c:: a ..cCUo :Eo o .."._ ~ Q.. > -- CIJ '.g ~o cd ~ i: CIJ ~ - 00 ~ - .,; ff') I - ... ~ .,; ff') - - .e- .... - ~ rI.l U!l ~ c..I U < E GIS 61> o - ~ I = .... '"' GIS C. .Q = [I} ~ ~ .... :s :a c - c. = c .- .... GIS = .... s .- '"' u .=a Q a'I ~ ~ Iii ~ '<:t" o o ~ - v ~ v e .E ~ 00 e ~ ~ cd -:e o ~ OJ) '0' v 00 ;j 1 g. .s:= r--- \0 t+-. o IF'I ...... q) 0lI t':S ~ - $:l q) 8 E q) ~ -;; o o ...:I "'0 $:l t':S q) 1;; - Cf) .s .q - ~ <1:1 is t+-. o <I.l 'm t':S a:l q) .s $:l o ~ o .~ C .8 .C o <1:1 :.a C o Z >. .0 -.:t o IF'I ~ o .- - o q) <I.l ~ c.8 ~ ~ <1:1 :.0 t+-. o ~ o .- - .S ~ q) "'0 q) ..c - 8 o ct: "'0 q) "'0 ;:$ u ><: q) <1:1 t':S ~ 8~ <I:Ie ..;::l \0 <1:1 q) C > 0 {I.l.- ;it> ~ q) Eo-< <I:I~ "-" 0 'M -.:t-.:t o , IF'I 0 ~o 0...... ..;::l . 0...:1 q) . <1:1.0 ~ ;:$ q)~ "'0 ~ ~oo ;:$00 <1:10\ -...... Ct+-. q) 0 e- .ta 0 0..< a~ .- ~ <I.l Q) cd a "'0"'0 Q) ~ "Oq) ;:$ a u< ~ 0lI >..5 - {I.l . t:: ;:$ t':S 0 ~::r: q) .... 0._ q) cd ~~ "0 Q) ~.s < ~ ~ Q'.l 0.- ~d e Q) ~ ~ a Q) <1:1 0.. q) Q) .- ..0 o ;:$ q) s::: 0' > cd q) t':S ~s..c > ~ >. S:::Q)t 8 a 8. .... 0 0 ~ga OQ'.l~ .... ~ 0 o >. ~ ~td 08.Q) o 0 a t; a.e- 0Il~a.. s::: OIl '"' ;..:::::s:::Q) "O:.a u:i' ....- e d~] a q) Q) 0 8.oS~ .- q) ;:$.... ~ O"q)~ Q)..c s::: ~ ~ Q) ::q)5 ><:.~ > ..200 g.~ a !:i-a 8 ~.- ~.- "0 <1:1 "0 Q) BEt> .m 0 2 ~ s::: _ r.I:!i-- rI'J Q) ~ s::: ....eo a Q) 9 e8';i t; a a ~- ;:$ <I:It':S..s:: ~~q) ._ 0 .... :g~~ .3 8. ~ .0....0 t+-.ot':S 0_ e ~ t':S cd o e .... .e.... 0 o Q) 0 0.. oS 'E >.05 ;is-o Stf;i..... _O....~ -;; --; g 8 ~.~] g cd"::':;.- .... q) ~..s::.S: e 0..(5 ~ :: <I:I~.o .€ ~ :: e ::::~"Oa o Q) ;:$ cd cd OlIU s::: ~t':SS:::q) ; ~.;: oS . t':S- .e- 0.. . 0 .... ..... "'0 ~ :::: 0 q) "0 0..lll:1;;Q) cd "ii 0-0 ~~.9--g Q) oS t+-. o --- N "-" --- "'0 "-" o - IF'I C o .- - o q) o e o ct: s::: q) ~ - o .- -0lI 2 -0 :: e q) - Q) .s t+-. o Q o .- - .S ~ q) -0 q) ..s:: Eo-< :: 0lI 2 ~ Q).~ _= l-t~ ~"Ocd.g :EQ):S0.. o -g ..;::l t+-. ~-e:'=O !:i u._ <1:1 .... ~ 0 ~ o .- e;:s 0 o q) .- q) .0 ..c 1;; ::::-ogOll .g"3<1:1;"::::: ]Ot+-..o :> 0 0 ;;> <1:1 Q) O-os:::..c O~O- .0 cd..;::l ~ ~oee ..clF'lB-o 0~-;;"1::I ::s IF'I cd <I:IM"O >. ~ --...- ;i - ~s::: "ii ..;::l.- ~ 0 ._ :;;....o~ == ~...l:i .....0 0;"::::: 0 Q) ~:E20.. _""",, ...... U'J ~ ~~- :E8o~ 000 . at':S~lF'I e(l)M .5 cd Q "1::1 -O........~ Q)OOOcd .......0c.:.0 e....0lF'1 q) 0.. -0 .- 0.......... . en 0c.8~~~ (g-;i<l:l~ .- ~ - ~ ~ :::: C! rI) 0.-. > !:i..s::..;::l cd '.;::l e 00 ~ ~ ~.3 5 Cf) ;i B g oS ,....; .E t....-;;"" 0 caq)- -q) 0.. oS -;:; vi -g .~ >. t: ~ 0.. oS.o 8. >. 1;; t+-. -g 0.0 0 0....6."1::10.. .o~_Ba .- 0 cd 0.. e :::: oS::: 0 .0 q) 0 -0 -e ~.o~t':S;:$ ;..::::: -0 8.~ 0 ~"3 .... ~ ~ cd 0 0 -0 ._ :> 'c"O q) ;;> "il t':S. - .s(get;~ ::3:-E t ~ 6. O>..c;..:::::>. ~ .-8 (5:E.o <1:1 cd:: .m.o ~..c ~ <1:1._ 00",Q):::: ..;::l ;:$:: O.D o Cf) .c g .;; ~ .;..::::: (I) <I.l 0" 0 . -..c Q) .~ ~ - 8 ] 3 ~.5 cd .::l 0lI t+-. "1::1 e ~ = 0 Q) ;:$ .- = -0 <1:1 ~~O;:$~ q) q) ..;::l '0 Q) d .....- ~ 0 Q) 0 =.__ e;~Q)(g a ~ "0 >'..;:1 o ] q) "0 .'S U..c.s=q) ..c o :.E ~ ^ N "-" --- e -0 = cd r--en N (I) "-" .- ---t $(1) 00.. IF'I 0 .- .... . 0.. IF'I 0 M.c --"'-0 --...- - t+-.<I:I 0.- ..c ~4-< o 0 .~ = ....... 0 q).- ....1;; e.... q) Q) .......~ ~ cd .~ (I) .soS =.8 :;:s .;; 1;; O~ - .... ......c Q) 0 -0._ ......c:: o ~ ~ .-A "1::1"0 Q) "-" C""" ~lF'I Q)~ "0 IF'I Q)M .... --...- cd "0 Q'.l = q) cd 'e u:i' Q) 8 0.. cd o .... .... OIl 0..0 o .... . C 0... o = _ 0 <I:I..;::l fficd :: c: "OQ) ;i e 0.. <1:1 0 ~.8 .... - 0Il.~ O..c:: ....4-< 0..0 ~ .~ c -.- m:;:: c:=9 (I) <I.l <1:1 <I:l Q) (I) .... 0 o...u o cd .- 0 ~- B Q) <I:I"!::: jf~ :: .... Q) ..c - <1:1 Q) -0 ::s U .5 8 q) - q) ..c:: - 1;; oS <I:l Q) ~ .5 '0 "1::1 ~ cd - (.) < (I) ..c - t+-. o ..-., ...... "-" -- "'0 "-" o - "" $:l o .is (I) o e o ct: = Q) ~ cd - <1:1 <1:1 OIl 2 -0 ~ Q) <1:1 ;:$ "il ~ - - .- t+-. o s::: .~ - .S en ~OO ~~ q) Q) ..c::.... Eo-< 0 :: e <1:1 .... 000 2 (I) "1::1~ t+-.O O~ (I) ~ ~ -;:$ cd_ OlIcd (1)00 =q) .....- :: := <I:I~ 00 2 -0 OIl ~ .in ;:$ >. - (i; OIl Q) := >.,....; ':;:lM ~- Q) . l:::"" ;:lM 0--"'- <I.l ~ _..-01-- 0"1::1 ..s:: (I) ~.~ (do.. ;:l ><: "'OQ) .;; II} :.a ~- ~ <1:1 .- 00 ~ e cd "'0 (l)t+-. "00 ..2Q) u <1:1 ~ ;:l .- (5-;; s::: ~ <I.l;::: Q).- 0_ "0 = - q) ;:$ t:: .D8 e= :'=:(1) :ge <I.l..c :.00.. cd q) ~E9 ..c . Q) o <1:1 ..c::S ~..c s::: 0 o ~ <I:It+-. t 0 0..<1:1 cd'm <I.l t':S ~.D cd Q) (I)..c e- :: g >. - <1:1 .- - ::::U .Dcd cd>. <1:1....... -- -...... "'0- cd ~ ..co -.- .~ :0 -;:$ cd 0.. ;:$ (I) "'O..c .;; - .- ~ "OQ) ~..c:: ~~ >. ~"'O cd cd . ~ 0 1::..:: <1,).- a~ ~- .... cd Q) ~ > 0 0._ 0lI- cd -;; Z . 0(1)"-" O..c:: t> -:-< o S <I,) Q) . ~ 0 ~ .............. S ~ c: Cf)q)(I) >.aCf) c S .... t':S q) Q) m>OI) cd 0 5 < 00 ~ ~(i;t':S ollot 0_ u -... ..c::....cd _O,:x: t+-.l1lV OB..c ..-., cd - --4-< '--' Cf) 0 -~-- 0000 Nq)'--' ~1;;8 0......._ ..;::l Cf) ~ o ... ~ q) ." 0 <1:1 t+-. ..;::l .sOu .- ~~ ~;..::::: c q) cd.- Od"O ;i (I) q) "1::IatS s 2 v Ot;-o g = r/} ._ cd c...."-" .- q) e -o..c::.c goo ~~.s q) 0 ... "'0 ...r ;:i <1:1 0 .... '-.1:: v - -- - m;:$ .0.- ~ ._ -0 !:i E q) a (I) rI.l 0 o U .~ e- >. :o::s~ ::s 0... cd _0... "il "'0 - .- C s:: 0 cd t:: v ~ (I) 0.. C -(/)0 <I.) ""-- ..c:: ~e Eo-<~o - v a.. -. OIl 1:.." >.cdO 'S ...r U ~ c .... (I) <I,) v u800 .- 1: ~ :0 cd v ::s 0.. ~ ~q)cd :: -o~ o,:x: ..c::~ ~U tf Q"" < 0 -.:t q)Q~- o (I) t':S ii..;::: 0.. m t+-.~"08 o ;:$ v.- -000..> N Q) 0... ~ ::::'~cd~ o -m.~ ~ N8"O~ c.- ;i - o C:..c:: 0,-:., ..;::l <I,) ~:: o ," cd,9 <I.l (I) 'oJU: _ (I) mQ"-"ro<O t':S - 0'- a a ~.- C; o ;:$ d.t:: q) ct:......!:ic<l:l iol.I >'~..c:: as"OOq)O ~;io..~~ :;;oS5oS~ ...- (i; S.s 0.. "b::r= ~'~'QS ;":::::t+-.---~ .- oX: .... ~-C5(1) .~ ~ M '.;::l oS "'08-.irn~ ~eoo~. "'0 rn'S c.~ (I) M ~ 0:::: ~ (I) (I)..;::l.D ;..::::: 0.."1::1 0.60 cd -0 q) 3.- s.. 8. oS q;:o -a3 : 0.. <I.l '"is '"is t+-. cdo (1)._._ o c-- c :.0.... 5 5 o Q..g <1:1 <1:1 ._ ~ !:i <1:1 m .~..c:: 0 (I) <I,) c: -0 0 (I) (I) ~q)-..c..c:: v~--- "1::1;":::::"":"8 ~ q)cd;:g-....<I,) ~ g.~~ E :: . V =.4-<~ 0..0 eO--...-c~ ;..:::::c cd;;> .- o,:x: 0 c .D '.;::l ~ 0 ~ .- U c~ (/) .... Q 0 ~ -e ~ "".... (I) t':S q) -.:t 1ii 0.. "'0"-""1::1"1::1 oS (I)-.:t 0 (I) .- ..c:: 0 8 0.. ~ - IF'I e 0.. -6c:o~ cd 000.- ..g ct:..;::: 0 "'0 .... "0 ~ cd ;i .~ <I,) rI) ~ ..c:: "'0 > 0Il.D cd c.c c cd = .- (1).- C "-" -g"OE~~ S.~ E ~ X "il..c (I) M C ;:$ .~ o...s ~ ?~.S'~~ c ~ -fie ~] Q '50 -'- . In -a3 Q- o t':S .~ ..::: t'd c a ~ e;j ~ t+-.:: o (I) >...c:: Q)~ 'C cd ~ >.~ OJ .:=: ..s::C -~ ~~ ll) (I) rI.l..c g~ o c (1).- ~.~ : V . - ~.C Q 0 (I) 0 E~ ll)._ ~ 0 .- (I) ;:$0.. g<l:l .... q) .cS :.:::6 :E (I) . 60 -0 .... ;:$ uo ....... C t':S'- ..;::: B c (I) v ~:c _q) .m - <1:1 88- ~(5 ll) Q ..c:: <I.l .... .- 4-<_ 0.- o q)~ o ;:$ .+:1 ~ t':S._ o ~1;; 'C cd q) ........D 0= 13 .~ t; <1:1 q) ~ ;:$ 0 0'.- (1)1;; .... 0 <I.lt;:: ~;..::::: d ~ (I) 0- a <I.l e::.. o cd u.g (I).... a.~ 0-0 rJ') . S -.:t o o N --- 00 ~ -.:t E - ..c:: N Ol) ~ "'0 cd 1: ~ Ol) .0' "0 <1:1 ;:$ J 0.. t::: ...t:: -Summary of legislation Page 1 of2 ,!r::':;;;~:Yf' wa~kl..lnf~..rl -.::;:::.:;,>::;::W PedeSctna!1 and BlCydl! Inwnmtron Ce:nl$r ~. :~(~rr:e pa~~ join emaillist askaql +- back to Designing for Pedestrians with Disabilitie: L E~~~ -~ Home : Background Travel by Blind : Research : Rules & Regulations . APS in the US -+ Summary of leaislation . DeveloDina standards and auidelines . Manual on Unifonn Traffic Control Devices - MUTCD . ADA Draft Public Rights-of-Wav Accessibility Guidelines . Existing MUTCD Guidance on APS . Draft Accessible Rights-of-way Guidelines on APS . Existin!l PROWAAC Guidance on APS : Technologies & Features : Tvpes : Walk Indications : Other Features : Choosing & Installing : Where to Install O~igl}il'lgJm~t!'llla:ti()ns New Construction or Reconstruction Retrofitting an Intersection with an APS : Installation Soecifications : Field Adiustments : State of Practices : Case Studies : International Practice : Devices Manufacturers : Selection Tool : Product Matrix : PDF Downloads Summary of legislation Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Requires nondiscrimination on the basis of disability in programs and activities receiving or benefiting from federal financial assistance "No qualified handicapped person shall...be denied the benefits of...any program activity that receives or benefits from Federal financial assistance administered b DOT." Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) states that pedestric safety considerations should be included in new transportation plans and projech Section 1202 (g)(2) directs that they H.. .shall include the installation, where appropriate, and maintenance of audible traffic signals and audible signs at stree crossings." · Required that FHWA develop guidance on pedestrian and bicycle facility design. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 · ADA is a civil rights law with five parts: · Title I - Employment · Title II - Public services - State and local government programs · Title III - Public accommodations - public and commercial facilities · Title IV - Telecommunications - telephone services · Title V - Miscellaneous · Guidelines for implementation of each part were developed by agencies charged with that responsibility. · Under Titles II and III ofthe ADA, the US Access Board develops and mail accessibility guidelines for buildings, facilities, and transit vehicles. · The ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) serve as the basis of standard issued by the Departments ot Justice (DOJ) and Transportation (DOl) to implement the ADA. ADA and Public Rights-of-Way Title II requires state and local government programs and properties to be acce~ to persons with disabilities. · Guidelines implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act were publishE 1991. However a section on Public Rights-ot-Way has still not been issuec http://www. walkinginfo.org/ aps/3 -3. cfm 4/28/2004 Ln , Summary of legislation Page 2 of2 Full Guide Rating Scales Field Adjustments ; Glossary Final Rule. · Access to. pedestrian travel on public rights-of-way is considered to be a program provided by state and local governments, and therefore must be accessible under Parl II of the ADA. · The fact that there are not specific guidelines does not absolve municipalit and states from the responsibility to provide street crossings that are acce~ to persons with disabilities, including visual impairments. tQQt << previous page I next page >> This site was developed under the sponsorship of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program. http://www . walkinginfo. orglaps/3 -3. cfm 4/28/2004 The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 . page 1 or :)1 Searc April 15, 2004 DOL Home> ESA > OFCCP Home> Law & Regulations The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 ---DISCLAIMERu- This version of the full text of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is provided as a service to the public. While every effort has been made to produce an exact replica of the bill as it was passed, the U. S. Department of labor cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of this document. S.933 One Hundred First Congress of the United States of America AT THE SECOND SESSION Begun and held at the City of Washington on Tuesday, the twenty-third day of January, one thousand nine hundred and ninety. An Act to establish a clear and comprehensive prohibition of discrimination on the basis of disability . ------------------------------ ------------------------------ Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. (a) Short Tltle.-- This Act may be cited as the "Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990". (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents Is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Findings and purposes. Sec. 3. Definitions. mLE I--EMPlOYMENT Sec. 101. Definitions. Sec. 102. Discrimination. Sec. 103. Defenses. Sec. 104. Illegal use of drugs and alcohol. http://www.dol.gov/esalregs/statuteslofccp/ada.htm Complic Assi sta! Laws &. ADA E. O. Sectio 38 US 41 CF Final f Notice Propo~ ComIT Policy [ Contrac Manual Nationa Registr, About C What W EEO Aw How To Complai Partner Sites ESA To~ 4/15/2004 The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 Page 28 of 51 (8) whose operations will affect commerce. Such term shall not include railroad locomotives, railroad freight cars, railroad cabooses, railroad cars described in section 242 or covered under this title, railroad rights-of-way, or facilities that are covered or expressly exempted from coverage under the Fair Housing Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.). (3) Demand responsive system.--The term "demand responsive system" means any system of providing transportation of individuals by a vehicle, other than a system which is a fixed route system. (4) Fixed route system.--The term "fixed route system" means a system of providing transportation of individuals (other than by aircraft) on which a vehicle is operated along a prescribed route according to a fixed schedule. (5) Over-the-road bus.-- The term "over-the-road bus" means a bus characterized by an elevated passenger deck located over a baggage compartment. (6) Private entity.--The term "private entity" means any entity other than a public entity (as defined in section 201(1)). . (7) PubUcaccommodation.-- The following private entities are considered public accommodations for purposes of this title, if the operations of such entities affect commerce-- (A) an inn, hotel, motel, or other place of lodging, except for an establishment located within a building that contains not more than five rooms for rent or hire and that is actually occupied by the proprietor of such establishment as the residence of such proprietor; (B) a restaurant, bar, or other establishment serving food or drink; (C) a motion picture house, theater, concert hall, stadium, or other place of exhibition or entertainment; (D) an auditorium, convention center, lecture hall, or other place of public gathering; (E) a bakery, grocery store, clothing store, hardware store, shopping center, or other sales or rental establishment; (F) a laundromat, dry-cleaner, bank, barber shop, beauty shop, travel service, shoe repair service, funeral parlor, gas station, office of an accountant or lawyer, pharmacy, insurance office, professional office of a health care provider, hospital, or other service establishment; (G) a terminal, depot, or other station used for specified public transportation; (H) a museum, library, gallery, or other place of public display or collection; (1) a park, zoo, amusement park, or other place of recreation; (J) a nursery, elementary, secondary, undergraduate, or postgraduate private school, or other place of education; (K) a day care center, senior citizen center, homeless shelter, food bank, adoption agency, or other social service center establishment; and http://www.dol.gov/esaJregs/statutes/ofccp/ada.htm 4/15/2004 The Amencans WIt Disabilities Act of 1990 Page 29 of 51 (L) a gymnasium, health spa, bowling alley, golf course, or other place of exercise or recreation. (8) Rail and railroad.--The terms "rail" and "railroad" have the meaning given the term "railroad" in section 202(e) of the Federal Railroad Safety Act of 1970 (45 U.S.C. 431(e)). (9) Readily achievable.-- The term "readily achievable" means easily accomplishable and able to be carried out without much difficulty or expense. In determining whether an action is readily achievable, factors to be considered include-- (A) the nature and cost of the action needed under this Act; (B) the overall financial resources of the facility or facilities involved in the action; the number of persons employed at such facility; the effect on expenses and resources, or the impact otherwise of such action upon the operation of the facility; (C) the overall financial resources of the covered entity; the overall size of the business of a covered entity with respect to the number of its employees; the number, type, and location of its facilities; and (D) the type of operation or operations of the covered entity, including the composition, structure, and functions of the workforce of such entity; the geographic separateness, administrative or fiscal relationship of the facility or facilities in question to the covered entity. (10) SpeCified public transportation.-- The term "speCified public transportation" means transportation by bus, rail, or any other conveyance (other than by aircraft) that provides the general publiC with general or special service (including charter service) on a regular and continuing basis. (11) Vehicle.-- The term "vehicle" does not include a rail passenger car, railroad locomotive, railroad freight car, railroad caboose, or a railroad car described in section 242 or covered under this title. SEC; 302. PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION BY PUBUC ACCOMMODATIONS. (a) General Rule.--No individual shall be discriminated against on the basis of disability in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of any place of public accommodation by any person who owns, leases (or leases to), or operates a place of public accommodation. (b) Construction.-- (1) General prohibition.-- (A) Activities.-- (i) Denial of participation.--It shall be discriminatory to subject an individual or class of individuals on the basis of a disability or disabilities of such individual or class, directly or through contractual, licensing, or other arrangements, to a denial of the opportunity of the individual or class to participate in or benefit from the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of an entity. (ij) Participation in unequal benefit.--It shall be discriminatory to afford an individual or class of individuals, on the basis of a disability or disabilities of such individual or class, directly, http://www.dol.gov/esaJregs/statutes/ofccp/ada.htm 4/15/2004 The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 Page 30 of 51 , or through contractual, licensing, or other arrangements with the opportunity to participate in or benefit from a good, service, facility, privilege, advantage, or accommodation that is not equal to that afforded to other individuals. (iii) Separate benefit.--It shall be discriminatory to provide an individual or class of individuals, on the basis of a disability or disabilities of such individual or class, directly, or through contractual, licensing, or other arrangements with a good, service, facility, privilege, advantage, or accommodation that is different or separate from that provided to other individuals, unless such action is necessary to provide the individual or class of individuals with a good, service, facility, privilege, advantage, or accommodation, or other opportunity that is as effective as that provided to others. (iv) Individual or class of individuals.--For purposes of clauses (i) through (iii) of this subparagraph, the term "individual or class of individuals" refers to the clients or customers of the covered public accommodation that enters into the contractual, licensing or other arrangement. (B) Integrated settings.--Goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, and accommodations shall be afforded to an individual with a disability in the most integrated setting appropriate to the needs of the individual. (C) Opportunity to participate.--Notwithstanding the existence of separate or different programs or activities provided in accordance with this section, an individual with a disability shall not be denied the opportunity to participate in such programs or activities that are not separate or different. (D) Administrative methods.--An individual or entity shall not, directly or through contractual or other arrangements, utilize standards or criteria or methods of admin istration-- (I) that have the effect of discriminating on the basis of disability; or (ii) that perpetuate the discrimination of others who are subject to common administrative control. (E) Association.--It shall be discriminatory to exclude or otherwise deny equal goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, accommodations, or other opportunities to an individual or entity because of the known disability of an individual with whom the individual or entity is known to have a relationship or association. (2) Specific prohibitions.-- (A) Discrimination.--For purposes of subsection (a), discrimination includes-- (i) the imposition or application of eligibility criteria that screen out or tend to screen out an individual with a disability or any class of individuals with disabilities from fully and equally enjoying any goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations, unless such criteria can be shown to be necessary for the provision of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations being offered; (ii) a failure to make reasonable modifications in policies, practices, or procedures, when such modifications are necessary to afford such goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations to individuals with disabilities, unless the entity can demonstrate that making such modifications would fundamentally alter the nature of such goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations; http://www.dol.gov/esaJregs/statutes/ofccp/ada.htm 4/15/2004 The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 rage .) I OJ ::> I , (iii) a failure to take such steps as may be necessary to ensure that no individual with a disability is excluded, denied services, segregated or otherwise treated differently than other individuals because of the absence of auxiliary aids and services, unless the entity can demonstrate that taking such steps would fundamentally alter the nature of the good, service, facility, privilege, advantage, or accommodation being offered or would result in an undue burden; (iv) a failure to remove architectural barriers, and communication barriers that are structural in nature, in existing facilities, and transportation barriers in existing vehicles and rail passenger cars used by an establishment for transporting individuals (not including barriers that can only be removed through the retrofitting of vehicles or rail passenger cars by the installation of a hydraulic or other lift), where such removal is readily achievable; and (v) where an entity can demonstrate that the removal of a barrier under clause (iv) is not readily achievable, a failure to make such goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations available through alternative methods if such methods are readily achievable. (B) Fixed route system.-- (i) Accessibility.--It shall be considered discrimination for a private entity which operates a fixed route system and which is not subject to section 304 to purchase or lease a vehicle with a seating capacity in excess of 16 passengers (including the driver) for use on such system, for which a solicitation is made after the 30th day following the effective date of this subparagraph, that is not readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs. (ii) Equivalent service.--If a private entity which operates a fixed route system and which is not subject to section 304 purchases or leases a vehicle with a seating capacity of 16 passengers or less (including the driver) for use on such system after the effective date of this subparagraph that is not readily accessible to or usable by individuals with disabilities, it shall be considered discrimination for such entity to fail to operate such system so that, when viewed in its entirety, such system ensures a level of service to individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs, equivalent to the level of service provided to individuals without disabilities. (C) Demand responsive system.--For purposes of subsection (a), discrimination includes-- (i) a failure of a private entity which operates a demand responsive system and which is not subject to section 304 to operate such system so that, when viewed in its entirety, such system ensures a level of service to individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs, equivalent to the level of service provided to individuals without disabilities; and (ii) the purchase or lease by such entity for use on such system of a vehicle with a seating capacity in excess of 16 passengers (including the driver), for which solicitations are made after the 30th day following the effective date of this subparagraph, that is not readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities (including individuals who use wheelchairs) unless such entity can demonstrate that such system, when viewed in its entirety, provides a level of service to individuals with disabilities equivalent to that provided to individuals without disabilities. (D) Over-the-road buses.-- http://www.dol.gov/esaJregs/statutes/ofccp/ada.htm 4/15/2004 Draft Guidelines on Accessible Public Rights Page 25 of31 1105 Pedestrian Crossings 1105.1 General. Pedestrian crossings shall comply with 1105. 1105.2 Crosswalks. Crosswalks shall comply with 1105.2. 1105.2.1 Width. Marked crosswalks shall be 96 inches (2440 mm) wide minimum. 1105.2.2 Cross Slope. The cross slope shall be 1:48 maximum measured perpendicular to the direction of pedestrian travel. EXCEPTION: This requirement shall not apply to mid-block crossings. 1105.2.3 Running Slope. The running slope shall be 1:20 maximum measured parallel to the direction of pedestrian travel in the crosswalk. 1105.3 Pedestrian Signal Phase Timing. All pedestrian signal phase timing shall be calculated using a pedestrian walk speed of 3.0 feet per second (0.91 m/s) maximum. The total crosswalk distance used in calculating pedestrian signal phase timing shall include the entire length of the crosswalk plus the length of the curb ramp. 1105.4 Medians and Pedestrian Refuge Islands. Medians and pedestrian refuge islands in crosswalks shall comply with 1105.4 and shall be cut through level with the street or have curb ramps complying with 1104 and shall contain a pedestrian access route complying with 1103. Where the cut-through connects to the street, edges of the cut-through shall be aligned with the direction of the crosswalk for a length of 24 inches (610 mm) minimum. 1105.4.1 Length. Where signal timing is inadequate for full crossing of all traffic lanes or where the crossing is not signalized, cut-through medians and pedestrian refuge islands shall be 72 inches (1830 mm) minimum in length in the direction of pedestrian travel. 1105.4.2 Detectable Warnings. Medians and refuge islands shall have detectable warnings complying with 1108. Detectable warnings at cut-through islands shall be separated by a 24 inch (610 mm) minimum length of walkway without detectable warnings. EXCEPTION: Detectable warnings shall not be required on cut-through islands where the crossing is controlled by signals and is timed for full crossing. 1105.5 Pedestrian Overpasses and Underpasses. Pedestrian overpasses and underpasses shall comply with 1105.5. 1105.5.1 Pedestrian Access Route. Pedestrian overpasses and underpasses shall contain a pedestrian access route complying with 1103. 1105.5.2 Running Slope. The running slope shall not exceed 1:20 maximum. http://www.access-board.gov/rowdraft.htm 3/30/2004 Draft Guidelines on Accessible Public Rights Page 26 of3! 1105.5.3 Approach. VVhere the approach exceeds 1 :20, the approach shall be a ramp 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum in width and shall comply with 405. VVhere the rise of a ramped approach exceeds 60 inches (1525 mm), an elevator complying with 407, or a limited- usellimited-application elevator complying with 408 shall be provided. 1105.5.4 Stairs. Stairs shall comply with 504. 1105.5.5 Escalators. Escalators shall comply with 810.9. 1105.6 Roundabouts. Where pedestrian crosswalks and pedestrian facilities are provided at roundabouts, they shall comply with 1105.6. 1105.6.1 Separation. Continuous barriers shall be provided along the street side of the sidewalk where pedestrian crossing is prohibited. VVhere railings are used, they shall have a bottom rail 15 indles (380 mm) maximum above the pedestrian access route. 1105.6.2 Signals. A pedestrian activated traffic signal complying with 1106 shall be provided for eadl segment of the crosswalk, including the splitter island. Signals shall clearly identify whidl crosswalk segment the signal serves. 1105.7 Turn Lanes at Intersections. VVhere pedestrian crosswalks are provided at right or left turn slip lanes, a pedestrian activated traffic signal complying with 1106 shall be provided for each segment of the pedestrian crosswalk, including at the channelizing island. 1106 Accessible Pedestrian Signal Systems 1106.1 General. Pedestrian signal systems shall comply with 1106. 1106.2 Pedestrian Signal Devices. Each crosswalk with pedestrian signal indication shall have a signal device whidl includes audible and vibrotactile indications of the WALK interval. Where a pedestrian pushbutton is provided, it shall be integrated into the signal device and shall comply with 1106.3. 1106.2.1 Location. Pedestrian signal devices shall be located 60 inches (1525 mm) maximum from the crosswalk line extended, 120 inches (3050 mm) maximum and 30 inches (760 mm) minimum from the curb line, and 120 inches (3050 mm) minimum from other pedestrian signal devices at a crossing. The control face of the signal device shall be installed to face the intersection and be parallel to the direction of the crosswalk it serves. EXCEPTION: The minimum distance from other signal devices shall not apply to signal devices located in medians and islands. 1106.2.2 Reach and Clear Floor or Ground Space. Pedestrian signal devices shall comply with 308. A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided at the signal device and shall connect to or overlap the pedestrian access http://www.access-hoard.gov/rowdraft.htm 3/30/2004 Draft Guidelines on Accessible Public Rights Page 27 of31 route. 1106.2.3 Audible Walk Indication. The audible indication of the WALK interval shall be by voice or tone. 1106.2.3.1 Tones. Tones shall consist of multiple frequencies with a dominant component at 880 Hz. The duration of the tone shall be 0.15 seconds and shall repeat at intervals of 0.15 seconds. 1106.2.3.2 Volume. Tone or voice volume measured at 36 inches (915 mm) from the pedestrian signal device shall be 2 dB minimum and 5 dB maximum above ambient noise level and shall be responsive to ambient noise level changes. 1106.3 Pedestrian Pushbuttons. Pedestrian push buttons shall comply with 1106.3. 1106.3.1 Operation. Pedestrian pushbuttons shall comply with 309.4. 1106.3.2 Locator Tone. Pedestrian pushbuttons shall incorporate a locator tone at the pushbutton. Locator tone volume measured at 36 inches (915 mm) from the pushbutton shall be 2 dB minimum and 5 dB maximum above ambient noise level and shall be responsive to ambient noise level changes. The duration of the locator tone shall be 0.15 seconds maximum and shall repeat at intervals of one second. The locator tone shall operate during the DON'T WALK and flashing DON'T WALK intervals only and shall be deactivated when the pedestrian signal system is not operative. 1106.3.3 Size and Contrast Pedestrian push buttons shall be a minimum of 2 inches (51 mm) across in one dimension and shall contrast visually with their housing or mounting. 1106.3.4 Optional Features. An extended button press shall be permitted to activate additional features. Buttons that provide additional features shall be marked with three Braille dots forming an equilateral triangle in the center of the pushbutton. 1106.4 Directionallnfonnation and Signs. Pedestrian signal devices shall provide tactile and visual signs on the face of the device or its housing or mounting indicating crosswalk direction and the name of the street containing the crosswalk served by the pedestrian signal. 1106.4.1 Arrow. Signs shall include a tactile arrow aligned para Ire I to the crosswalk direction. The arrow shall be raised 1/32 inch (0.8 mm) minimum and shall be 1-1/2 inches (38 mm) minimum in length. The arrowhead shall be open at 45 degrees to the shaft and shall be 33 percent of the length of the shaft. Stroke width shall be 10 percent minimum and 15 percent maximum of arrow length. The arrow shall contrast with the background. 1106.4.2 Street Name. Signs shall include street name information aligned parallel to the crosswalk direction and complying with 703.2. http://www.access-board.gov/rowdraft.htm 3130/2004 Roundabout Metering Signals Page 1 of 4 , Di:':~:; . ..~r~:~':.;::~~~ Roundabout Metering Signals Downloads Publications Website Links GLOSSARY HeM Glossary Heavv entry flow rates at real-life roundabouts Technical articles on aaSIDRA for Roundabouts Hiahwav Capacity Manual Australian Roundabout Photos aaSIDRA for Roundabouts STOP HERE OIlED SIGIW. The use of metering signals is an effective measure to alleviate the problem of excessive delay and queuing that may be observed at unsignalised roundabouts, especially with heavY unbalanced flows. The Australian roundabout and traffic signal guides acknowledge the problem of unbalanced flows and discuss the use of metering signals (AUSTROADS 1993, Sections 3.9.4 and 12.1; and AUSTROADS 2003, Section 15.7). Case studies have been discussed in O'Brien, et al (1997), Ak~lik, et al (1998) and Ak~elik, R. (2003). The signalised roundabout solution has been used extensively in the UK as well (Huddart 1983, Lines and Crabtree 1988, Hallworth 1992, Shawaly, et al 1991) though the solution may differ from the Australian metering signals. Ken Huddart (1983) explained the problem clearly: "no the proper operation of a roundabout depends on there beina a reasonable balance between the entry flows ... an uninterrupted but not very intense stream of drculating traffic can effectively prevent much traffic from enterina at a particular approach." and "The capacity of roundabouts is particularly limited if traffic flows are unbalanced. This Is particularly the case if one entry has very heavy flow and the entry immediately before it on the roundabout has light flow so that the heavy flow proceeds http://www.aatraffic.comlSIDRAlRoundabouts_MeteringSignals.htm 4/25/2004 Roundabout Metering Signals Page 2 of 4 ../ virtually uninterrupted. This produces continuous drculating traffic which therefore prevents traffic from entering on subsequent approaches," A recent US paper discusses the use of metering signals for the Clearwater roundabout in Florida (Sides 2003). The unbalanced flow problem may not manifest itself when the overall demand level is low but may appear with traffic growth even at medium demand levels. Demand flow patterns and demand levels may change significantly after the introduction of a roundabout, sometimes in a relatively short period of time. Modeling of effects of heavy unbalanced flows on roundabout capacity and level of service is important in optimizing the roundabout geometry (including lane use) to alleviate the associated problems. This can be achieved to a good extent for a new roundabout subject to the reliability of traffic demand information, or for an existing roundabout to a smaller extent, given the design constraints (see O'Brien, et al 1997). Part-time metering signals on selected roundabout approaches, operational only when needed under peak demand conditions, can be an effective measure preventing the need for a fully signalized intersection treatment. Extract from the recently published Australian traffic signal guide (AUSTROADS 2003, Section 15.7): Roundabout metering signals may be used where excessive queuing and delays are observed on one or more legs of a roundabout due to heavy circulating flow rates, especially In the case of heavily directional origin-destination movements. In this case, a dominant approach stream constitutes the major proportion of traffic in the drculatlng stream that causes a significant reduction in the capacity of the approach that has to give way to that drallatlng stream (Ak9llik. Chung and Besley 1998). These signals are usually employed on a part-time basis since they may be required only when heavy demand conditions occur during peak periods. Two-aspect yellow and red signals are used for roundabout metering. The sequence of aspect display is Off to Yellow to Red to Off. When metering Is not required neither aspect is displayed. The figure below shows the use of metering signals at a roundabout. The signalised approach is referred to as the "'metered approach., and the approach with the queue detector as the .controlling approach". http://www.aatraffic.comlSIDRA/Roundabouts_MeteringSignals.htm 4/25/2004 Roundabout Metering Signals Page 3 of 4 ... - - Quo.,. dfttttOf sotbeck dhU_ ftO. tat",. I ~opUM IdMdc dl1ta.ttt (1"" m) When the queue on the controlling approach extends back to the queue detector, the signals on the metered approach operate SO as to aeate a gap In the drculating flow. this helps the controlling approach traffic to enter the roundabout. When the red display Is terminated on the metered approach, the roundabout reverts to normal operation. The introduction and duration of the red signal on the metered approach is determined by the controlling approach traffic. The duration of the bfank signal Is detennlned according to a minimum blank time requirement, or extended by the metered approach traffic if detectors are used on that approach. A minimum of two signal faces, one primary and one tertiary, shall be Installed. A regulatory sign STOP HERE ON RED SIGNAL shall be fixed to any signal post erected adjacent to the stop line, as drivers do not expect to stop at the advance stop line location. Stop lines shall be located not less than 3 m In advance of the approach holding line but preferabfy, should be positioned approximately 20 m from the holding line. Queue detector setback distance on the controlling approach Is usually In the range SO m to 120 m. Various site-specific methods may also be used to meter traffic, e.g. using an existing upstream midbfock signallsed aosslng on the metered approach. In some cases, it may be necessary to supplement the traffic signals with explanatory fixed or variable message signposting. Where sight restrictions exist, advance warning signals should be considered. Note: Cross references given in the original text are deleted in the above extract. http://www.aatraffic.com/SIDRA/Roundabouts_MeteringSignals.htm 4/25/2004 Steps for a Successful TC Project page 1 Page 1 of3 rE.~; Ef>pMWJ ~,>-'f! tl:taftS~.tttatlOft ~;"glftet~f';.. Steps for A Successful T rafflc Calming Project Introduction Citizen involvement is an important part of all traffic calming projects. Procedures are in place to ensure that property owners are given the opportunity to participate throughout the Neighborhood Traffic Management process and show support for a proposed traffic calming project before it is constructed. Each of the eleven steps outlined below allow us to thoroughly investigate traffic concerns and effectively & efficiently design and implement proposed traffic calming projects. Step 1. Problem Identification Government The process starts with a citizen's initial Web Directo contact with the Transportation Engineering Division to discuss traffic problems in their neighborhood 11",,' . such as speeding and cut Ii' .. through traffic. Staff and the requestor identify the details of , the concerns such as specific problem locations, time of day that the problem occurs most frequently, possible causes or contributing factors, etc... Staff informs the requestor that the concerns will be investigated and that they will be contacted upon completion of the initial study to discuss the findings and recommendation. If requested, staff may also discuss the Neighborhood Traffic Management Program with the requestor and provide them with http://www.ci.orlando.fl.uslpublic_works/traffic/stepsl.htm Transportation Engineering One City Commons 400 S. Orange Ave. P.O. Box 4990 Orlando. Fl 32802-4990 <<TT -246-2281 Transportation Engineering Directory Prop-aml (diek below) I.E. Administration Traffic Studies & Neighborhood Traffic Management (NTMP) Traffic Signal Maintenance Traffic Signs & Markings Special Events & Pennits Traffic ManagcrneI)t Center TE Quick Links Road Closure Report Radar Trailer Schedule NTMP Photos & Brochures Traffic Count Data Page Signalized Intersection List Public Works Directory Public Works Department Engineering Parks Parking City Construction Proiects Solid Waste Management Streets. Drainage & Stormwater !,!!ill!Y 3/30/2004 Steps for a Successful TC Proj ect page 1 additional literature through the mail. Tra nspo rtation Enaineering Wastewater Step 2. Initial Investigation & Data Collection Staff investigates the requestor's concerns through the following methods (as applicable): field study, research of previous traffic studies, review of crash history, traffic data collection (i.e. daily volumes and vehicular speeds), etc... Based on the result of the traffic investigation countenneasures may be taken such as concentrated police enforcement, additional traffic signs, pavement markings, speed display trailer placement, etc... Staff contacts the requestor to discuss findings, recommendations and actions to be taken. Many times a combination of these measures is successful in mitigating the reported problem and the investigation can be considered complete. As a follow up, the area of concern is periodically monitored to detennine the effectiveness of any "passive measures" that were implemented. Step 3. Request for Traffic Calming Study If the traffic problem persists after "passive measures" have been tried for a reasonable period of time, citizens can request to be officially entered into the Neighborhood Traffic Management Program by submitting a ''Traffic Calming Study Request Form" signed by ten (10) concerned citizens. Upon receipt of this completed form, the Neighborhood I Subject Street is entered on the appropriate City District Traffic Calming Request Priority list NEXT PAGE Home I Legal I Site Map I Tool Box I Feedback http://www.ci.orlando.f1.uslpublic_worksltrafficlstepsl.htm Page 2 of3 3/30/2004 Steps for a Successful TC Proj ect page 2 Page 1 of3 At this step the City may hold an introductory meeting with the requesting neighborhood to present general Neighborhood Traffic Management Program information. The neighborhood is asked to form a traffic committee with representatives of the concerned streets to work with the City to identify traffic problems in their neighborhood and find solutions that are appropriate and acceptable. The volunteer Government Traffic Committee prioritizes the Web Directo neighborhood's concerns and provides a list to the City. The neighborhood concerns are addressed in the order of priority on this list ;E Jt E~pan[ii fJto..g~.fafoo. S~ .' Steps for A Successful T raftic Calming Project (continued from page 1) Step 4. Introductory Meeting & Traffic Committee Formation Step 5. Feasibility Study & Preliminary Design With consideration given to the information gathered in the initial traffic investigation and the current budget balances, staff works with the Commissioners to establish a priority for each of the traffic calming requests on their district's list. Once the order of priority is established a feasibility study is initiated, either in-house or by a consultant, to further identify the specific traffic problems, determine appropriate and http://www.ci.orlando.f1.uslpublic_worksltraffic/steps2.htm Transportation Engineering One cay Comnons 400 s. Orange Ave. P.O. Box 4990 Orlando, Fl 32802--t980 407-248-2281 Transportation Engineering Directory Pro&nun. (dkk below) I.E. Administration Traffic Studies & Neighborhood Traffic Management (NTMP) Traffic Signal Maintenance Traffic Signs & Markings Special Events & Permits Traffic Management Center TE Quick Links Road Closure Report Radar Trailer Schedule NTMP Photos & Brochures Traffic Count Data Page Signalized Intersection List Public Works Directory Public Works Department Engineering Parks Parking City Construction Proiects Solid Wi!llt~Management ~reets. Drainage & Stormwater Utility 3/30/2004 Steps for a Successful TC Proj ect page 2 feasible traffic calming strategies to address the problems, develop a preliminary traffic calming plan to show the locations of the proposed devices, determine the project's impact area, prepare maps, petition documents & property owner lists for the parcels within the project impact area, and prepare any necessary presentation boards and/or materials. Step 6. Presentation of findings & Proposed Calming Plan The traffic calming plan is presented to the traffic committee (or to the neighborhood). Adjustment to the plan can be considered at this step. Once the neighborhood and the City agree on the proposed plan the committee is presented with copies of the plan, the official petition and property owner address information. Also at this time the traffic calming concept plan is circulated internally within the City (i.e. Police, Fire, Sanitation, etc...) and externally to outside agencies I companies ( i.e. utilities, etc...) for review and comment. r~-frl .. .i'( ,f} · . , , ,a Step 7. Petition of Support Before the project can go forward the City must receive a petition of support signed by 65% of the property owners within the designated impact area. Each parcell address is entitled to one property owner signature. The traffIC committee is responsible for circulating the petition among the affected property owners (including non-resident property owners) and retuming it to the Transportation Engineering Division within 90 days. If the petition is not returned or is returned without the required number of signatures the project ends at this point. If the petition is retumed with the required number of signatures the petition is considered http://www.ci.orlando.fl.us/public_worksltratliclsteps2.htm TranSpOrtation Engineering Wastewater Page 2 of3 3/30/2004 Steps for a Successful TC Project page 2 Page 3 of3 successful and moves forward to the next step. NEXT PAGE Home I Legal I Site Map I JOQI Box I Eeedback C 2004, On Of OR.l.AN1)() http://www.ci.orlando.t1.uslpublic_worksltrafficlsteps2.htm 3/30/2004 Steps for a Successful TC Project page 3 Page 1 of2 ~ta"~tattttft gllgiftftl~f.. Steps for A Successful T rafflc Calming Project (continued from page 2) Step 8. Preparation of the Final Design Plans Final construction documents are prepared, reviewed and approved for Mure construction. Step 9. Final Funding Approval & Authorization At this step the Transportation Engineering Division seeks Commissioner approval to use the appropriate District's Neighborhood Traffic Government Management funds for Web Directo construction of the traffic calming devices. Once it is approved, the Neighborhood Traffic Committee (or neighborhood) is notified that the project has been approved to move forward to the construction phase and preliminary estimate of when the project could commence is provided. -. - -- - - iE ii Efp?1Jiul Step 10. Project Construction City staff works with a contractor to establish an actual construction schedule and a Maintenance of Traffic Plan. Notice of upcoming construction is sent to the neighborhood and the project is built. http://www.ci.orlando.fl.us/public_worksltrafficlsteps3.htm Transportation Engineering One City Comnons 400 s. Orange Ave. P.O. Box 4990 Orlando, FL 32802-4990 407-248-2281 Transportation Engineering Directory PI'Op'8IIU (eliek below) I.E. Administration Traffic Studies & Neighborhood Traffic Management (NTMP) Traffic Signal Maintenance Traffic Signs & Markings Special Events & Permits Traffic Management Center TE Quick Links Road Closure Report Radar Trailer Schedule NTMP Photos & Brochures Traffic Count Data Page Signalized Intersection List Public Works Directory Public Works Department Enaineering Parks Parkina City Construction Proiects Solid Wl;lste Manaaement Streets. Drainage & Stormwater Utility 3/30/2004 Steps for a Successful TC Project page 3 Step 11. Post-Construction Project Evaluation Typically 90 to 120 days after construction is complete the Transportation Engineering staff evaluates the effects of the traffic calming project (i.e. the traffic speeds and traffic diversion onto other local service streets). If any unacceptable impacts are identified, corrective measures are taken. [Back to Neighborhood Traffic Management Page] TranspOrtation Enaineering W!lstewater Page 2 of2 Home I Legal I Site Map I Tool Box I Feedback C 2004 On Of OI\J-M~D() , http://www.ci.orlando.tl.uslpublic_works/traffic/steps3.htm 3/30/2004 Deaths Expected from Delayed Emergency Response Due to Neighborhood Traffic Mitig... Page 1 of 3 I' Deaths Expected from Delayed Emergency Response Due to Neighborhood Traffic Mitigation Submitted to the City Council of Boulder, Colorado 3 April 1997 Background During the 11 June 1996 City Council Study Session for Boulder's neighborhood traffic mitigation program (NTMP), several members requested additional quantitative infonnation so that they could better understand the issues. In particular, Councilman Mock asked for data that would allow a comparison of the impacts of delayed emergency response time versus the putative increases in neighborhood safety. His question can be answered well enough by considering cardiac arrest emergencies, for which reasonably good data exists, and then making a crude estimate to allow for the other critical emergencies. Data on the following are required: traffic accident deaths, cardiac arrest emergencies and survivals, emergency response times, and delays from traffic mitigation devices. Fairly accurate numbers exist for all of these items. They are certainly accurate enough for reasonable "risk assessment", which often involves far worse vagaries and rough estimates than in the present case. Trame Deaths in Boulder Transportation staff member Bill Cowern supplied data showing that deaths from traffic accidents for the entire City averaged about 2.8 per year for 1991 through 1996. However, only one death, about 0.17 deaths per year, occurred on streets slated for treatment under the NTMP. So, assuming that this mitigation actually would save lives from reduced vehicle speeds, the improvement could not possibly be dramatic. Because the mitigation devices themselves present some direct hazards, they could possibly cause more deaths by accidents rather thenjewer. For discussion purposes, I assume that mitigation city wide would reduce the present traffic death rate on mitigated streets by about 0.1 person per year on average. This is believed to be a generous assumption. Obviously, the 0.1 death per year estimate could be considerably in error. Perhaps the one neighborhood death in the past six years was from some cause that could not be cured by planned mitigation devices; or it could be argued that a death at 13th and College should be included because there may be some traffic mitigation applied there under another program. When lives are at stake, it is best not to make optimistic assumptions, so I do not think it is wise to use an estimate higher than about 0.1 for the assumed lives saved by the NTMP. In any case, doubling or even tripling this number would not change the important conclusions drawn in the last section. Deaths Caused by Delayed Emergency Response from The NTMP From the NTMP planning documents, I estimate that emergency response runs will suffer roughly 14 % delay in a sizable area, or over the whole city, if the program is fully applied to the streets in that area. This amounts to about 30 seconds typically and about one minute or more on long runs. Though the NTMP presently includes a condition that the delays must not exceed 30 seconds for any run, it is obvious from measured delays from individual traffic circles and speed humps that only sparse application of these devices would be possible under this criterion. So, the BFD is being pressured to allow a relaxation of original emergency response delay condition. The analysis presented here shows this move to be ill-advised. Even the original allowance of a maximum of30 seconds involves an http://members.aol.com/raybowman/risk97 /evall.html 4/28/2004 Deaths Expected from Delayed Emergency Response Due to Neighborhood Traffic Mitig... Page 2 of3 ; intolerable trade-off -lives will be lost due to a large risk/benefit ratio. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA, or simply CA) is the most common critical emergency needing prompt intervention. It strikes more than 350,000 people a year in the U. S. ("Sudden Cardiac Arrest", a Communi core publication). Scaled to Boulder, this indicates roughly 140 SCAs per year. About 90% of those treated within two minutes survive; while only about 10% survive if treated after 6 minutes. Survivors have a good long term outlook - about 80% are alive at one year and about 57% are alive at five years. This is impressive because the average age of victims is 65. (However, many victims are much younger, in their 30s and 40s). Some statistics for Boulder roughly confirm the above scaled value of 140 CAs per year. Brad Baker of AMR, Boulder's ambulance service, informed me that they had "worked and delivered", to the hospital, 30 cardiac arrest victims in Boulder in 1996. Regardless of whether AMR or the BFD reached the victim first, both have roughly the same response times. So, the calculated present average survival probability of 30% for Boulder (see Appendix), ifnaively applied, indicates that the 30 "successful" resuscitations correspond to roughly 100 CAs. However, the calculations assume that defibrillation equipment is always available with the responding vehicle, which is not true at present; so the present success rate may be well below 30%. This consideration, taken by itself, indicates that substantially more than 100 CAs occur in Boulder each year. Also, not all CAs are reported as emergencies because the persons are found obviously dead or are reported too late for successful initial intervention, which further indicates there are considerably more than 100 CAts per year for Boulder. On the other hand, not all of the 30 victims delivered to the hospital survive long enough to be considered true survivors, which, by itself, would indicate fewer than 100 CAs per year for Boulder. What is needed here is the number of CA emergencies that were either reported promptly or that were given CPR along with reasonably quick reporting. These "fortunate" victims would approximately follow the CA survival curve used in the calculations in the Appendix. From the discussion in the previous paragraph, 60 to 80 is a reasonable, perhaps conservative, estimate of the number of good prospects for successful resuscitation. In the Appendix, I have used 60. The final conclusions will not be changed even if these estimates are much in error. The relevant CA survivability curves and the BFD response time curves are fairly well known. This allows a calculation of the number of survivals out of the "fortunate" victims for both the current response times as well as degraded or improved response times, as detailed in the Appendix. The Appendix also has a written confirmation of the calculation procedure from Dr. Irving Weiss, who is a retired math professor and who specializes in statistical analysis. From my estimate of 60 "fortunate" CA victims per year, the calculations in the Appendix indicate that roughly 5.3 additional deaths per year in Boulder can be expected if full neighborhood traffic mitigation is implemented. This assumes that the one minute response time improvement target of the BFD is not accomplished. If their goal is met, only to be negated by the NTMP, then roughly 6.5 additional CA deaths can be expected from the NTMP. I believe the BFD improvement goals are realistic and will be achieved. Therefore, I offer the 6.5 additional CA deaths as the best guess as determined by the present analysis. But what about other time-critical, life-threatening emergencies? I have not been able to find sufficient data on these to make a satisfactory estimate. However, the worst possible assumption would be that there are no additional deaths from response delays for bum victims, heavy traumas, choking children, drowning victims, ruptured appendices, child birth emergencies, shock victims (electric, toxic, etc.), severe asthma attacks, and other critical emergencies. It is lamentable that better data is not kept with http://members.aol.com/raybowmanlrisk97/evall.html 4/28/2004 Deaths Expected from Delayed Emergency Response Due to Neighborhood Traffic Mitig... Page:3 of3 .. respect to these emergencies. As a gross guess, I estimate that at least two additional non-CA deaths per year would result from a one minute degradation in response times, for a total of roughly 8.5 lives per year. Discussion To put the predicted consequences from a fully implemented NTMP in perspective, I note that 8.5 lives per year is three times larger than the usual 2.8 traffic deaths per year for the entire city. Further, these predicted additional deaths are very large compared to the 0.1 life per year assumed to be saved by this program. The present analysis indicates a risk/benefit ratio of 85 to 1, in terms of human lives (property loss risks are ignored here but are probably quite sizable). Over time, 85 additional deaths are predicted from delayed emergency response for each life saved, if any, by the NTMP. Of course, the above comparisons are very rough due to the lack of precise data and the assumptions involved. Assuming a wildly optimistic posture, if the estimate for lives saved by the NTMP is low by a factor of three, giving 0.3 lives saved per year; and if the estimate for the lives lost due to delayed emergency response is high by a factor of three, then only about three additional lives lost per year are foreseen. Even with these rather absurd allowances, nearly 10 lives are predicted to be lost, over time, for each one saved by full implementation of the NTMP. The risk/benefit ratio will be the same in mitigated portions of the city as for the whole city, as long as the mitigation is extensive enough to cause, on average, the same proportional delays in the emergency response curve. However, different models and analyses are needed for projects of limited extent - for example, a few obstructions on a cul-de-sac. Given the large risk/benefit ratios for extensive mitigation, it is likely that such local mitigation also involves significantly increased risk. For the few special situations where obstructive mitigation appears possibly beneficial, the city should conduct the propd engineering studies rather than blindly allowing mitigation projects that might endanger the ciffected residents. ..................~...............~~....................._.....~.._..~................................................_.......~_..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................,..,...........................................................~............................................................ . NEXT . Appendix - Table of Contents It) Ronald R. Bowman, 1997 1 Boulder, Colorado http://members.aol.com/raybowmanlrisk97/evall.html 4/2812004 ~ tH o ....... Q) 01) ro P-+ s:: o ..g .~ ... ~ o E ro M ~ ~ o o ..s:: M o ..0 ..s:: 01) 'v Z o ... Q) ;:l o Q) en s:: o c.. <11 Q) ~ E)> s:: Q) e!> Q) a ~ -0 Q) >. ro Q) o a o ~ ~ Q) t) Q) c.. ~ <I.l ~ Q) o cu fifJ C o c. ~ c ~ .s ~...... C'J~ c.- cu;:: f.tl~ Cf,) C'J e~ ~~ = "'OJ. cu~ ~"'O ~o cu 0 Q..c e ~ 0-= ~~ "'0 .- cu Cf,) ......Z C'J 0 Cf,)...... 0.. ~ Cf,) ~ = fifJQ ..c ...... = Cf,) Q ~ = ... ~ ... .. .. < ~ = ... ~ = riIil = eu "C = CIS - eu ~ 'S: .. := 00 c.- o IZl ~ ... - ... - ... ,.Q eu ,.Q Q .. ~ t- o 0) 16 :J .." o ti1 ~ ~ c ClJ a: e.. E o (J I I I I I I I I I I ~------------ <> 0 <> <> 0 0 <> 0- 0 0 <> 0 0..... S en CD ,... cc IJ) -v. ('P) N ~ <> d d d d d 0 d d d d (aoO .fJ!l!qvqoJd <> <> .0 ."..... 8 a5 8 cD <> 0 r-.:: - It ;P ... ::II <> s: <> 1 m ;P .E i= <> o'P <> It ..n s: 0 Q. ... <> & 0 ~ 0- <> en <> <> N ttl > "C:: 10.. <: QJ _ c:: ra ~ > c:: .~ W ::::J C V") ttl '+- '+- o 0 :>-. :>-. ..... ...... .Q .Q "' "' .Q .c e e 0... 0... t , ~ o o ~ 00 !::! ~ a ... ..s:: 1.0 '";l ;> Q) ........ t- 0\ ~ CI'l .C ........ s:: ro a ~ o ..0 ~ ~ e o o "0 ro CIi M Q) .0 a Q) ~ c.. ~ ..s:: N ~ - (1) Of) ro p.., ~ o .g Of) .- .... ~ (,) ~ "" E-t -g o 1: o ..0 ~ 'v Z o .... (1) ::l o (1) en ~ o 0. en (1) p:: >. (,) ~ (1) ~ (1) E ~ "'0 (1) >. ro Q) o E o <l:: -0 (1) +-' (,) (1) 0. >c: ~ en -:S fl:S (1) o Q,) rI1 = Q C. rI1 = Q,) Q =:.: ~= CJ OJ) =.: Q,).- ~~ Q,) CJ e= ~~ ~~ Q,)c:"""'" ~~ .so Q,) Q Q-f e 0 o..c ~~ ~ .~ .BZ CJ 0 Q,)..- c.Q,) ~ ::s ~Q rI1 .c ..- = Q,) Q = o .... - = .c .... a.. - fI.l .... ~ QI e .... E-i QI fI.l = o c.. fI.l ~ g It) N o N ~ 5l~l) to l\Cl;lQd .. Iii ... .. I ~ !! ! ~ !! :::: ~ G' f ~ If) "S It ..... .0 It) ..,. 2 ~ I/) ::1 ~ ~I ~I ~I -ill f-II 'I ~I. ~~ u (1) ~<! ~ ~I ~~ - = QI e - a.. = f"') QI ~~ = QI ~ a.. .... ~~ .... lot "=QI ="Q QI- c..= c..o <= . . "<:t o o N -.... 00 ~ "<:t E .... ~ V\ as ::> Q) r::: 0'1 ~ .C $:: ro ~ ~ ro ~ E o ~ '0 ro <'-l l-< (1) ..0 E (1) E ~ 0- :t:: ...t:: .' PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICES Page 1 of 11 PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICES By Kathleen Calongne Boulder, CO Janumy,2003 Traffic calming devices, such as speed humps and traffic circles are spreading to communities across the United States, without regard to their risks. The U.S. Department of Transportation (US DOT) has avoided the examination of the problems associated with intentionally imposing vertical and horizontal deflection on vehicles and vehicle passengers, in order to encourage the proliferation of devices on city streets. Deflection devices built to slow passenger vehicles, create even greater delays to emergency response vehicles. The longer wheel-base, stiff suspension, high vehicle weight, as well as the sensitive equipment and injured victims transported by these vehicles, requires drivers to slow almost to a stop to negotiate the devices safely. An unethical attempt has been made to silence the objections of rescue personnel to delays to emergency response by deflection devices. Fire chiefs, as city appointees, fear professional retribution and often will not voice concern until the level of risk becomes intolerable. Emergency calls are not the rare events some members of transportation and city staff would like to believe. The City of Houston, Texas for example, responds to an average of 150,000 emergency medical calls and 100,000 fife calls per year. There is an average of 250,000 deaths from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) alone each year in the United States. American Heart Association (AHA) statistics indicate that 90010 of these incidents occur outside of the hospital environment. By comparison, there are approximately 5,000 pedestrian deaths per year in the United States. Few of these occur on local neighborhood streets. A ten-year study of pedestrian deaths by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1982 - 1992 found 35% of pedestrian victims were intoxicated. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) statistics, Safety Facts 2000, found similar results with intoxication on the part of 31 % of pedestrian victims. AHA statistics for SCA, show survivability is directly related to the response times of cities. For example, an AHA study in 1996 showed that Seattle with a response time ofless than 7 minutes saved 30% of its SCA victims. New York, with an average response time of 12 minutes saved only 2%. While delay from individual devices is sometimes measured, the cumulative effect of series of devices is often ignored Series of devices turn seconds of delay into minutes, as vehicles fail to regain cruising speed between the devices. Calming devices ~ permanent, 24-hour delays to emergency response, unlike traffic congestion which occurs periodically. A study conducted by the fire department of Austin, Texas, 1997, showed an increase in the travel time of ambulances of up to 100% transporting victims. Members of city councils and transportation divisions often portray delay to emergency response by calming devices as simply a tradeoff for increased safety from speeding cars. They avoid making the analysis which shows which risk is greater. Ronald Bowm~ a scientist in Boulder7 Colorado developed an analysis to compare these rish, The results show that even minor delay to emergency response by calming devices imposes far greater risk: on the community than vehicles, speeding or not. The result of http://www.users.qwest.netl-erinardlproblems_associated_with_traffic.htm 4/28/2004 PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WIlli TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICES Page 2 of 11 Bowman's analysis, showed a risk factor of 85 - I from an additional one minute of delay (predicted to result from the installation of aU the devices proposed for the City of Boulder at the time) before one life might be saved by the devices -- if it can be shown that the devices do save lives. Bowman's analysis, based on the curve of survivability for victims of cardiac arrest and severe trauma (AHA) has been verified by a professional mathematician and can be viewed online at: http://members.aol.com/raybowman/risk97/evall.html. The Bowman analysis was applied to the City of Austin, Texas by Assistant Fire Chief, Les Bunte, with similar results. The report can be viewed online at: http://home.dl.rr.com/giduskoltextsJtfc calm.pdf. The results of these analyses show that deflection devices are a tradeoff of the perception of increased safety from speeding vehicles for the real risk to citizen survivability from delay to emergency response. While the Institute of Transportation Engineers' (ITE) Guidelines for the Design and Application ofS~ed Humps, 1997, states humps should never be placed on emergency response routes, humps and physical devices of all kinds have been installed on critical emergency response routes in cities where these projects exist. The proliferation of devices has resulted in temporary or permanent moratoriums on devices in cities such as Berkeley California, Boulder Colorado, Portland Maine and Portland Oregon. People with disabilities complain of lasting pain and injury caused by traveling over deflection devices in vehicles. Significant testimony about the physical and psychological barrier deflection devices make to access to public rights-of-way has been given to the U.S. Access Board in Washington D.C. A web site addressing the problems of the disabled with deflection devices such as speed humps, speed tables and raised crosswalks can be found at: http://www.diltitalthreads.com/rada. Calming devices have been installed on streets to divide communities along racial and socioeconomic lines. The U.S. Department of Housing and Development (RUD) identified gates instalJed as part of a traffic calming project in Houston, Texas as discriminatory, ordering them removed. Gates were replaced with speed humps to create a similar, though less obvious, barrier between neighbothoods. While calming devices are built on the premise they will reduce accidents, a comprehensive study commissioned by the ITE and the Federal Highway Administration (FHW A) on traffic calming projects in the United States concJudes: "Traffic calming in the U.S. is largely restricted to low volume residential streets. Collisions occur infrequently on such streets to begin with, and any systematic change in collision rates tends to get lost in the random variation from year to year. This limits our confidence in drawing inferences about safety impacts of traffic calming. (I'raffic Calming: State of the Practice, ReidEwing, 1999, P. 123) The US DOT defines traffic calming devices as geometric design features of the roadway, rather than traffic control devices. The USDOT recommends standards for the design and warrants for the use of devices that are approved traffic control devices in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). The definition of traffic calming devices as geometric design features of the road has allowed devices to proliferate on city streets as a decision of local governments. http://www.users.qwest.net/-erinard/problemsassociatedwithtraffic.htm - -- 4/28/2004 PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WIrn TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICES Page 3 of 11 An increase in accidents has occurred after some installations. Experimental speed humps placed on a street at a school in Portland, Maine registered an increase in accidents of 35%. Accidents increased 100% after the installation of an experimental traffic circle in Boulder, Colorado. However, the circle in Boulder and the humps in Portland remain on the street today. People across the United States are opposing the installation of deflection devices on city streets that damage vehicles, injure vehicle passengers, increase pollution and gas consumption and delay emergency response. I have researched traffic calming projects since 1996, and have compiled my research into a 400-page report on the "Problems Associated with Traffic Calming Devices." I offer the report to all interested individuals at my cost. The following is a summary of some of the issues addressed in my report. http://www.users.qwest.net/~erinard/problems_associated_with_traffic.htm 4/28/2004 , Fire Department would experience an increase response delay of an additional one-minute. 30 The results for the 22-foot humps revealed a significantly less delay particularly for the engine apparatus. The delay experienced by the engine was approximately 3 seconds per hump. However, the ladder truck had a much Jonger delay of approximately 13 seconds for this type of hump. This report does clarifY that the delays measured by the BFD was greater than the four to six second delay per hump that other cities had identified. The BFD staff attributed these variances to driver behavior and limited physical testing.31 Boulder, CO (April 1998) With growing concern and heated public debate over recent traffic calming installations, the Boulder Fire Department conducted tests to determine the response delays associated with traffic circles. Two tests, approximately one year apart, were performed. In June of 1995, after affixing temporary orange traffic cones to depict the outline of a future traffic circles, a consulting engineer firm and the Boulder Fire Department conducted tests with fire apparatus. This test required the drivers of the units to maneuver around a traffic circle within a 58 , three-block roadway. The fmdings revealed that the delaywas 7.5 seconds. The average speed of the Wlits was 23 mph. 32 One year later, the same test was performed. However, the traffic circle had the same dimensions but was constructed of temporal)' concrete blocks rather than the orange cones of the previous year. Under this condition, the fire Wlits experienced an increase in the deJay going from 7.5 to 10.0 seconds. Relative to the increased delay, the average speed also dropped from 23 mph to 20 mph. These increases are beJieved to be attributed to the more intimidating concrete barriers rather than the less harmful orange cones.33 Combined findings of the Portland, Austin, Montgomery COWlty, and Berkeley tests confirm that speed humps cause considerable delays for emergency response vehicles. The Portland, Montgomery County, and Boulder tests verify that significant delays occur also from traffic circles. Thus, all of these tests substantiate that traffic-calming devices pose a negative impact to the outcome of life threatening incidents and other emergency service level deliveries. The level of this impact will be explored in Chapter Seven. 59 Traffic-Calming Devices: Coming To A Roadway Near You By SCOTT A. GUTSCHICK Traffic-Calming devices are appearing on roadways throughout the United States in increasing num- bers. These devices include speed humps, traffic circles, curb exten- sions, rumble strips, edge lines, pedestrian refuge islands and others. They have proven effective in slowing traffic, reducing the number of vehic- ular accidents and discouraging motorists from cutting through resi- dential neighborhoods to speed their trips. Despite their benefits, speed humps and traffic circles, in particu- lar, have several disadvantages, not the least of which is the significant delay they create for responding fire- rescue apparatus. . Weighing the advantages versus the disadvantages has become a hot issue for all concerned - residents, motorists, elected officials, emergency service providers and transportation officials. The fire-rescue service, responsible for public safety (along with law enforcement and emergency management officials), is faced with a difficult dilemma - opposing these devices because they adversely affect fire-rescue service delivery, or tolerat- ing the devices since they prevent accidents and injuries to the public. With the increasing presence of these traffic calming devices through- out Montgomery County, MD (i.e., installation of about 1,100 speed humps and 50 traffic circles on 275 county-owned roadways since 1994), the Montgomery County Fire and Res- cue Commission (FRC) identified an urgent need to address speed- hump/traffic-circle impact on fire-res- cue vehicles responding to emergen- cies. The commission conducted field f ~ h Scott A. Gutschick is a planning / admin- istrative specialist with the Montgomery County, MD, Fire and Rescue Commis- sion working on risk analysis and related master-plan projects. He had the lead role in planning, conducting, and docu- menting the county's speed-hump / traffic- circle field tests described in this article. For additional information, please con- tact the author at: Fire and Rescue Com- mission, 101 Monroe St., 12th Floor, Rockville, MD 20850. I, r 122 "1l ~ o S- a> ~ (J) o a ~ '" c: ~ ~ c;" " Photo shows that the overall impact delay begins long before the fire-rescue vehicle (Engine 301) reacMs the actual speed hump, as deceleration precedes a safe and pru- dent traversing of the hump. tests to quantify and analyze the effect of speed humps and traffic cir- cles on response times, with the idea of having the Department of Public Works and Transportation (DPWT) share these test results with the pub- lic when applications for speed humps and traffic circles are submitted. Field Tests In April 1997, the FRC and DPWT, with assistance from local fire-rescue and police organizations, conducted field tests of fire-rescue apparatus traversing speed humps and traffic circles of the types typical- ly found throughout Montgomery County. The purpose of these field tests was to obtain locally generated, quantitative data that would serve to verifY that test results from similar studies conducted in Portland, OR, and Austin, TX, were valid in Mont- gomery County, as well. In the Portland study, delays up to 9.4 seconds per hump and up to 10.7 seconds per circle were found regarding larger fire-rescue vehicles. The Austin study revealed, among other findings, that engines experi- ence delays of about 3.7 seconds per hump and that delays up to 9.7 sec- onds per hump can occur when ambu- lances transporting patients must tra- verse speed humps. The FRC believed that iocal test results, as well as find- ings from the Portland and Austin studies, would prove useful to connty officials and residents who must weigh the positive and negative aspects of speed humps and traffic circles when contemplating their widespread usage and placement. The specific objectives of the joint FRC-DPWT field tests were to: · Determine the amount of delay experienced by responding fire-rescue vehicles in traversing Ispeed humps and traffic circles, and · Determine the maximum speed at which these devices can be safely traversed by fire-ttiscue vehicles. Because of the volatllity of the traffic- calming issue among county residents, flyers were distributed to residents along the test courses explaining the purpose of the upcoming tests as well as the anticipated dates and times. Montgomery County's field tests were based upon the following assumptions: · The effects of speed humps and traffic circles adversely impact responding fire-rescue apparatus more so than typical automobiles dri- ven by the public which can usually traverse these devices at speeds equal to or within 10 mph below the posted speed limit. · Field tests which feature an engine, two types of aerial units (i.e., tiller-style ladder truck; aerial tower), FirehouselMarch 1998 Engine 301 traverses the traffic circle featured in the Montgomery County field tests. and an ambulance will provide a rep- resentative sample of fire-rescue vehi- cle types and sizes on which to collect data and base conclusions. - Field tests which feature the. "Watts" speed hump (i.e., parabolic- shaped, 12 feet long in the direction of travel, three to four inches in height at the crest) and a standard-design traffic circle will serve as realistic worst-case tests. Constraints which impacted the field tests included the following: - Twenty-two-foot flat-top speed humps, which are typically used on Montgomery County roadways hav- ing speed limits in the 30-35 mph range, were not evaluated in this series of tests. Because of their flat- top design, they are believed to have a lesser impact on fire-rescue response times than do the parabolic- shaped Watts humps. - The effects of speed humps and traffic circles on vehicles and onboard equipment were not studied because of the complexity of isolating hump/circle impact from that of overall wear and tear related to everyday use. - The effect of speed humps on patients being transported by ambu- lance (which presents two issues: the impact on travel time to the hospital, and the discomfort and potential exacerbation of injury to the patient) was considered to be beyond the scope of this particular study. Two Courses In Study Two courses were utilized in the field tests, one having three Watts speed humps and the other having a single traffic circle. The three-hump course was representative of the county's common practice of multiple- hump placement over short distances, and the single circle was representa- tive of the typical placing of circles (multiple circles over short distances can be found in the county but are not widespread). Twelve test runs were conducted on each course, featuring the four types of apparatus and three different drivers per vehicle. The weight listed below for each vehicle used in the tests is gross vehicle weight, plus on- board equipment, as measured by the Maryland State Police using portable scales. The apparatus included: - Truck 10 - A 1987 Seagrave 100-foot aerial ladder, tractor-drawn with a rear tiller (54,200 pounds), operated by the Cabin John Park Vol- unteer Fire Department. - Tower 6 - A 1989 Sutphen IOO-foot aerial tower (50,750 pounds), operated by the Bethesda Fire Department. - Engine 301 - A 1986 Seagrave Surrey Fire Safety House f I II I 1-800-283-8233 ''All units handicap accessible" 3 Styles to Choose From -29 ft. Standard Lite Weight or -33 ft. "Homestyle" -Single - Level 48. . . J' . Walter Travel Trailers, PO. Box 388. Napoleon, Ohio 43545 www.Fire-Rescue.Org/Market/Surrey.HTML 124 Indicate 170 on Reader Service Card pumper with a 750-gallon tank (37,850 pounds), operated by the Cabin John Park Volunteer Fire Department. -Ambulance 248 - A 1996 Freightliner ambulance (14,850 pounds), operated by the Hillandale Volunteer Fire Department. The test runs were timed and the results compared to calculated times for courses of similar distances with- out humps and circles in order to determine delays attributed to these . devices. It is important to note that the impact delay of each speed hump or traffic circle is the sum total of the time lost to deceleration as the unit approache's the device, the time to traverse the device itself, and the extra time required to accelerate back to the desired response speed. On the 1,945-foot speed-hump course, the apparatus were attempting to maintain a constant speed of 25 mph, a speed which represents the typical limit for roadways having Watts humps and the maximum safe speed for a tractor-drawn ladder truck to traverse the course, as determined during pre-test runs. On the 985-foot traffic-circle course, the apparatus were attempting to maintain a con- stant speed of 35 mph, the speed limit for that particular roadway. Test Results On the 25-mph speed hump course, the average impact delay per hump Was found to range between a high of 7.3 seconds for the tiller truck (T10) and a low of 2.8 seconds for the aerial tower (AT6). The average delays experienced by Engine 301 (E301) and Ambwpnce 248 (A248) were 4.2 and 3.8 Eflctonds, respectively. The highest delay is equivalent to responding from a station .05 mile per speed hump far- ther away from the incident location, at 2Pr'mph, along an unimpeded route. The' ladder truck, therefore, need only cross eight humps to add a full minute to its response time and need only CW~s 10 humps to add the equivalent of a half mile to its response. Perhaps more important, the four test vehicles averaged slightly less than 20 mph across the speed hump test route, about half the response cruising speed of 35-40 mph typically attained by fire-rescue vehicles on unimpeded roads (results of a widely accepted response time study conduct- ed in New York City by the Rand Institute indicate that fire department apparatus travel at an average cruis- ing speed of 39.2 mph, following the initial half mile of the response route when units are accelerating to that cruising speed). In addition, T10 aver- FirehouselMarch 1998 aged only 6.1 mph while traversing the 12-foot parabolic-shaped humps, about 19 mph below the desirable speed for the test course and about 29- 34 mph below a typical response cruis- ing speed in the 35-40 mph range. Likewise, A248, E30l and AT6 aver- aged only 8.7, 9.1 and 10.8 mph, respectively, while traversing the 12- foot speed humps. On the traffic-circle course, where the. units were attempting to main- tain a constant speed of 35 mph, the average delay ranged between a high of seven seconds for T10 and a low of 3.2 seconds for A248. The impact delays experienced by AT6 and E301 were 5.4 and five seconds, respective- ly. Similar to the speed-hump test results, the higher delay is equivalent to responding from a station about .05 mile per traffic circle farther away from the incident location, at 35 mph, along a route free of traffic circles. Of greater importance, the four test vehicles averaged slightly less than 28 mph on the traffic circle test course, about 7-1 2 mph less than the response cruising speed of 35-40 mph attained on unimpeded roads. In addition, TlO and AT6 aver- aged only 10.3 mph while traversing the circle, about 25 mph below the desirable speed for the test course and about 30 mph below a cruising speed of 40 mph. Likewise, A248 and E301 averaged only 14.0 mph, respec- tively, while traversing the circle, also far below both the desired speed and cruising speed. It is important to emphasize that these speed-hump/traffic-circle tests were conducted at speeds appropriate for the two test courses but somewhat slower than the typical 35-40-mph response cruising speed of fire-rescue apparatus. If similar tests were con- ducted in Montgomery County at speeds approaching 40 mph, greater delays (in at least the nine-to-10.5-sec- ond range for larger vehicles) would be expected, as indicated by the results of the Portland tests. The Montgomery County test results could, therefore, be considered as representing minimum delays that one would expect for responding vehicles in the county. The Bottom Line The Montgomery County tests results, in combination with those of the Portland and Austin tests, con- firm that speed humps and traffic circles cause considerable delays for responding fire-rescue apparatus, which may adversely impact the out- come of life-threatening incidents. Delays of this nature must be given serious attention by the public and FirehouselMarch 1998 ...... government officials who determine the employment and specific place- ment of speed humps and traffic cir- cles in their communities. While speed humps and traffic circles offer a cost-efficient approach to reducing vehicular speed and reducing the number of traffic accidents/injuries in neighborhoods, they present the major disadvantage of slowing fire- rescue vehicles. When response delays attributed to traffic-calrning devices become com- mon throughout your jurisdiction, you may be faced with the difficult choice of increasing (i.e., adding new stations, apparatus and personnel) or reallocat- ing reso~~ges in order to continue meeting your department's response time standards/goals, or upwardly modifying your standards to reflect these un~voidable delays. Either choice coMes at a price - reduced ser- vice or increased spending. The crux of the matter is what is acceptable to the citizellij p,f your community? Asi~,result of the speed-hump and traffic-circle tests conducted in Mont- . gomery County, several recommenda- tions were made by the FRC in an attempt to minimize the effects of speed humps and traffic circles: 1. The results of this in-county study should be made available by the DPWT to any county resident or com- MONTGOMERY coum PRORLE Montgomery County, MD, with an area of about 500 square miles and a population of some 815,000, borders Washington, D.C., to the north. The county's fire and res- cue service is a combined system com- prised of approximately 1,300 volunteer and 760 career personnel, operating 33 fire-res- cue stations. Nineteen independent volun- teer fire-rescue corporations and the Department of Fire and Rescue Services (which employs the county's career person- nel) are responsible for providing direct fire and rescue services to Montgomery County. A seven-member Rre and Rescue Commis- sion (FRC) is responsible for adopting and enforcing county-wide policies, regulations, standards, procedures, plans and programs applicable to all fire, rescue and emergency medical services operations. In 1996, the county's fire-rescue ser- vice responded to 81,913 incidents, includ- ing mutual aid incidents in surrounding jurisdictions. There were 142,200 individual unit responses to these incidents by the service's primary units (as defined by FRC regulation): engines, aerial units, Quint, res- cue squads, ambulances and paramedic (i.e., "medic") units. munity organization approaching it concerning the installation of speed humps and traffic circles. A communi- ty pursuing installation of these devices will then have the appropriate information at hand to make an informed decision. Should it choose hump/circle installation, the communi- ty will be, in essence, accepting the fact that fire-rescue units will require greater time to reach locations in their neighborhood. 2. The DPWT should notify the local volunteer fire-rescue corporation of any request for speed hump or traf- fic circle installation in its first-due area, so that the corporation is given the opportunity to discuss its con- cerns with the originating party prior to DPWT approval of installation. 3. The issues and results associat- ed with the field tests be addressed in the county's on-going evaluation of the traffic-calming program. During the evaluation process, consideration should be given to establishing "prima- ry emergency response routes" for fire- rescue apparatus for which traffic- calming strategies would be limited to those which do not impede emergency apparatus (Portland and Austin are also studying this concept). An approach of this nature would ensure that response routes used extensively by fire-rescue vehicles on a daily basis be kept free of emergency vehicle- impeding speed humps and traffic cir- cles, while continuing to allow the presence of these devices on roadways lacking the "primary emergency response route" designation. Since many fire-rescue depart- ments are facing the unwelcome chal- lenge of coping with the delays and other negative effects associated with speed humps and traffic circles, it is advisable to seek a course of action that will minimize the consequences. Ensuring that the public is aware of the adverse effects of these devices as they relate to fire-rescue service deliv- ery is a good start. To provide the most meaningful data to your constituency, you may wish to conduct field testing of the traffic-impeding devices installed in your municipality. An informed citizenry can then weigh the pros and cons of employing these devices and accept the consequences of their decisions and actions. An equally important action might be to pursue . the approach of working with local government offi- cials and the public to designate road- ways frequently traveled by respond- ing fire-rescue vehicles as "primary emergency response routes" in the same context as the Montgomery County FRC recommendation.", 125 \ , t .:tI :~ r ~ N ~ - o Ol) CIS P-4 Ol) ~ .S ~ CIS ~ en 6 "- o en ~ o U i:' r.e CIS Vl E 2 o II. ^ II.. o fJ) ^ OJ C C C III 0: ^ II.. UI I ^ ~ I II. CD C C C t'I c:: c c .- c c .!! Q. en ::::J o .- (.) en c o o b CD .... ftS U) E :::1 .. o u.. as 'tJ .- .. o u.. - o o ('\II .0 ('\II I ~ ('\II ~ :s ~ II) E +- - III ... ~ 11)01 :6CII) 5"2~ LLCO ...!!! II) ...... c. Q. NCIIl c(J!e! w.- ... I- O'ijj ... Q.:s O~C ~ II) ,- .i:!E~ C -0 0 II) cO OlVJ!! ~Ii)~ NI-'C II) O.g :se.Q. .25= oi~ <( 1:: .;:: ~o::l .-Q.O .- II) II) ~c II) . w~-orl c::fiE :8 ~ ~:8 ~c.!!lV 011)10.... Q.ell)i: II)1::SlV ClVlVlI) ~c."'1I) 1-11)&.11) II) -0 ... II) :6s8~ -0 J!.5: e 1I)1I)0c. II) II) - 01 = e! Ii)"~ Q.":; 0 C II) tra. C II)II)~..!!! II) '- ..::; Q. ~c"';;;'c c"~ c.o_ 0-0- o..!!!+-1lI CIO'~ ~ ti en ~,- Q. en_CII) ......II)<<JC ._ 01 10 E:65.t:1 w o c( lL W ~ Q. E ~ tlI Q)fI.) t::.....:S ~ 'c 0 II) ~ . t:: t:: fI.) ~ fI.) III 0 IV:;::; Cii Q.:;::; ~ III fI.) t::l!!01::::s III Cb.5; &. "tJ ~~;:::0Q) o fI.)'~ t::.!::! Q.0:5....l.'!5 o IV""'''''' .:::....-I:::CbO Cb ..... E E.g fI.):S I "tJ ~ .~ 15 :5 t::.s; !b ;:.., t:: lIlo.....'t;"tJ Cb....l.'!::st:: 12 Q.ii) 0 III ~lij"tJm~ Jg ~ t::"tJ N ~ fI.) III t::'t:: fl.)fI.)~tV.e fI.) 0 ;:.., 0 i3 ~ ,II).... E IV 0 O'~ lUo;;,o;;,l\J'" ~ Q.Q.fI.).f2 :: .~ ~ ~ :6s~ -co ::101\1 .Qo... ~_ II) ClVQ. 01-0 0 "in o- Il) E'in -oIC :P1V -g:;~ lVE,,; - ~II) CII)= II) -0 .= E"- C Q.~::I oEE "ijIl)E ~ Ui 8 -0 ~~ U -II) 11)11)- "O"~ lJ '-C'" Q.II)II) "~ ii"E ......10 00.0 uE'- J!!0.2 _00 cII)E :ga-o 'e E i elV~ Q..5: .!! 10 II) 10 III II) II) 11)11)>- E C 10 ~~~ E.g"~ 01l).J:: : 5~ E'! caO~1I) ~~:6-S ~.!!.~ 0 ,!! lX C -g ca ,-0 10 1I)0+- ._ <<J II) ......II)...C r:a=.&,g 0::( ~..!!!.2 uJco-O I- 0 o.~ 0:;::1 II) ::I -..!!! 11)..... ... 11)"-- .g '6> Q. ~ c... ..!!1 .~ ..Q ~ C\I ~ t-: II) ... o c.. )( II) o - ... o.2c 0-0,2 011)1\1 N c.... >-o!?,) 10 - '" :!!:~:5 .E-8~ Oll).!! O.QlV g;~ - II)'~ 0111) .~ c-o .J::...S = o.! ~.!!g .Ei = -o~lV 11)>... ClVC II) >- II) >- E ce:Il) 011)11) o t::... .!!lG~ 10 _ g e! 0 .- 10 II) =.... ca .!!!~ 0-10 '- II) II) C.II)E -000 ~511) COli) .!! ~ 10 .......= II) ... II) c.1I)~ ~:6 II) oOca . -0 . >-c~ QjlV::I _filII) lV'-fIl E 11),- "- .em )( ca ... e c. ~ c. _II) Q.fIlfll 100-0 ..: .s II) o q:: U Ii:;::l J!!1\1~ 01-0 :!:! ,~~. 01 C:P C CC+- <<JII)II) c..:!:! Ell) I 0 ~- II) ,!!-o.J:: lXi~ 1Il- NII)C c:i:=~ uJII)1I) I- g.s :6 is. g- 01'" 5'~~ c~,!! .2..!!! ~ fIl 0. II) ~c::6 ~1I)0l .- -0 C -oc:;::I II)lI)c 1ii 2" II) :;::-oE -- C II) C,__ .- Q. oll)E I- :5 ._ II) :0 10 fIl ~C) lVC ~.c .J:: 01 .~"ii) .J::II) 11)-0 ~-g ..:<<J II)C >0 11):;::1 ~<<J ~E . _ 0 ,! 1: ....- SOl '5.2 OlIO .E "5i -0 CfIl .2m e -00 ~ COl i 1V~ ;:; fIl,!! ... lI)as C EfIl o lVC :;:: ./::0 ~ II) E o .~ E c. - 0 fIl 'Eo C 11)01 <<J ...c ~ ~:c -g '6 .~ 10 >- :0 ~ cJ! .!! 10 II) ca Ell) II) 11)>- C :6.Q II) _~ II) 011) .! .II)~ II)fIlfllas .QII)::I'- .(3 10 0 gco.Q :;::III)llJg ,~g'1l8 5 g>Zl~ E"c II) 0 E C g ~ o..!!!....s o c.c.~ <g~ e~:2 ..QlV"'II)~S .! fIl ~:s 0l.J:: -0 ,- '- _ e II) '05I1)E~Q.5 ..Il':;::I "'~:;::I ~~.s5iJ!~ -OlIl)ECOl lVSII)0l1l)2 c';; II) E c: .~.- > II) 11)"- ~f!S=Q.~ II)....II)<<JE.! .t:<<J.-'-01V 1-(1)::.20(1) . . . . II) II) -0 o E -0 ~ .;: .2 o E I c: o C -0 c: 10 - .in C 10 ~ 01 C '6 ::I U .~ ... II) -0:6 C II) 1V~ 11)- 011) cUi ~~ "::; .!! Ol.~ II) II) :!:!::I i;.g II) is.~g> Oll).!! -..em -O~.J:: II) - 0 eO II) '-fIl.t: .2~:: fIl +:l C. ca<<JII) ~"E 0 ... Q) 0 '" fIl 10 ~~.2 'E ~-o E,-II) oa~ o,~g' g>.5: 1ii "5i .a :6 S"ij Il (1)>- <<J .!! J! -oQ)fIl c: 1ii .~ lVUi,e Cli)O :8:611) 10 _ C "'100 all)fIl SElV '~::I ~ ~...o <<J -IJ-_-o ,!! - 'C 1000 1I)1Ilii: all) C'- . :;::Q)~ Ofllll) elV~ ell)~ Q.ao ...1V.Q .23Jg fIl 0 0 Q.00 II)CC) -lI)c II) 0'- >-_ .Jl!: II)fIlO ..Il'1'll~ m~-o l;;~c "'-10 ~~ fIl fIlcall) -oE ~ II)C::I ~:o ~ ~-8e! :!:!Ca II) C ~ Eo;:: (ijE~ 01011) CO '- ...11)0 11)"'- II)lI)fIl e :6 .!! _a 502 _II)<<J Olc~ .~O fIl .t: . fIl III C. III .!!::I:I s~~ II) ..Q '6 ~:e.2 o C o 15 C .a U) W > i= o w -.. ID o C Z c( U) ....I c( o C) II) .J:: - II) ... :::I II) C II) .s fIl II) > ~ II) c. e II) c. Q) - 10 .... III -0 C <<J m c: o +:l 10 C Q) ii :6 o .Q E o ./:: fIl II) > :g II) :c o -0 c: 10 fIl m o a a C :2 .~ :0 10 Ui II) - o II) " C <<J 1:: o c. .E II) :5 -0 II) N 'c a o o II) ... II) ~ 'e E o o a C .;::: II) II) - (I) m C o :;::I 10 Z Q) .J:: I- ~ o o ~ ~ ~ ~ e - ..c: ] ~ Q. o en - Q. o en OIl s:: "S ra 1i "% Ol) ..... o "'C) ~ ~ cS J Q. :e ..c: . . " -q- N 4-l o N G) 01) tl:I p.. 00 t:: .2 t:: tl:I ~ en ::3 o .u en t:: o U C ~ tl:I rn "0 I: lI) m ,s:;1: -0 -=~ 'u m "Oc~ I: ::::I.!a moc ~O.E :P ~"O .!a 0 c( a.!a :: ..Q~~ Ii c( ~ "Oc..... ii .2 co a- ~ mlSlI) cP'2 -g mmu.. o ~lI) e-O :S ::::Ie.. a - c- m.- c - c 0 E C'iij ::::I m.- ~ a:.~ .s 0 lI)l:m ,s:;~"O ; 0';5 m e..- ::::Iou.. ~~"O ~:!:~ ,s~~ .....-lI) C -"0 CClI) N .2 u.. -- mml: N~O o:p ,s:; e.. m om~ :Vcm ..., m._ ""'~I: ......- C_ E 00"0 --c( Ell) C >- lI) m lI) E 3: lI)~,s:; ~ me.. a ElI)J: EO- om!! O"OlI) a';::~ cO 'c u:: u.. C lI) lI) m,s:;:S a:::c mOo "0 m'- .- lI) m 0>:2: -:po ~Bm ,s:;iii ..... m'c . lI) i ~ 0.0 ~~~ lI)"o's ~lI)O ~-g:!: .0-"0 ~gl: ::::1'- m mm- m Q) 0 Q)lI)J::l E"O III co. "OlI)>- B~ III ::::I 3: "0 ',s:; o.s a ~ C'- e..mI m.f!. III E .2 :Q a:i 2i~o:: .s e..LL..... CD > +:i CJ CD a. ! CD D. ca c o :t:i ca Z C o :p o lI) - o ~ e.. co - C lI) E C o ~ 'S: C lI) "0 C m o E ::::I ~ .s lI) ,s:; - ~ .s m lI) > :p o lI) E o co I: o :p m c "0 lI) ,s:; .!a j5 m - II) lI) lI) lI) = 'e E o o a c .;:: lI) lI) - en lI) ,s:; ..... - ii~ Ell) ~u) lOll) C ~ m:J . E05 11)._ -g~~ maa -ClI) -.- .... 5~'!: :;::l~~ II)lI).!! &:Q m c - m Ol:lI) 00> t>> ~.!!! Q)E"5 - 0 m 11).... 0 'Q).!:- u) ~"O lI) lI) mcE :;::l - m 0 'S: ~lI)~ 'g .- II) lI) iii m i~~~g ..... - e..lI) e..:p N, e.. )( .0 m _lI)_C~ <C .~iij0.2~ uJII)oo::::lt)- ..... i~'c Em.!: ~ ~'l; "5 1ii '0 ~ +>-~lI)~-Q) - e.._....+> c"" o>-lI)O)lI)lI)~ cll)~clI)E o ~ +>.- 0) e.. ~ :Pll)..c:;:Qco' m~::>lI)- 'E+>3:e1i~1I) lI) 0) C e..,s:; lI) 0 Ego>-o"OD.. .!!E~.o~lI)~ e..ml!!.!a,s:;:S"O E COm- '-~.!oo.!li 1i.2.!: ~-g ~.....0 1I)~...m= :S 0'_J! Q) 0 0 '0;; ~"O m 0 J!! 0 ~II)I:II)~"O lI)'6ma5c.! .!!"O~.c II) ms ~cS;~~~ c m m lI) -.- II) lI) 0 II) E co 0).- -c- I:SII) mooComf.! o:;::l lI)'-:P ~ ..Q 0"0 ~ .a 1;),,9 "O:J~lI):P00 c~lI)iim+:i1l) m~~-.!:.!all)o lI) +>- - .....!:lI)iij~~~ SQ)C...._~e.. o 1ii'e m ~~ m ii):5~ii)~:p .-.- lI).- C c"O 1I)0'Q)II)Q)lI)= ~afo~~~~ .... C lI) E lI) ~ 'S e- ll) ~ 0) I: 'c C m Q. .!: ~ .! m II) ~NM"':&ricD"'; CD > :s CD a. ! CD D. as "C .- ~ o - u. CI> ~ ~ U .CD .Q' o II) m lI) ~ m ~ .s ~ o o -' iii "ii > ~ co - m ~ .! m 0) m I: "0 '0 C "0 m Q) a ~ C 10 'c >- I: lI) m ~ f!! Q. m ~ :g j J!! ::::I "0 "0 I: >- C m m . m m ~ ~ ~Gi :: ~ ~uii ~ ;;; ~Q)Q; g 0 .!!~1ij .~ i ~~: 'E .!: m IE .s :S ":Q)I: .... mm- oEc g -p"Om "O0~ "001: J!!1I)e.. ~ ~:S~ a::Q) >- >-EQ)~ 1:0ii +' m a 'cmc I: ~lI).! C0'- ~ ,s:;~c _Ill :! ~ ~ O)..Q .- ...:J '- e.. 0) e.. Q) .!! 0 ,s:; )( I: I:l:m.... ....lI)W.;:: 0"00 m v. +:icO) :S II) Bcm Illmc 1: lI) eno~ a !a :e 0:P O):e Oc lI)E~ e..'5 c~._ 'E '" a lI) ....- 'S: 0) ~ ._~Q) ~ Oll)C ~.o _ _ e.. ~ - ~ lI) ~.5 ~ t) e..E.!: ~ iD e.. ~ "0 Q) .- ~:P II) iii m '8'~ "0 S 'c lI)Q)E m e.. i~€ =~Q) CD = C)~o ~ .!a ii .2 . cm c c.s 8: .8 0 a 8.. ~ ':;,:8 i II) 0 m'<<;'"5 lI)Q)5~ X~~ II)E.- :scaO) ':J~Q) O...f: Q).!.! ~....mc 0. 'E s .s ~ m.!: ::::I .s lI) ~ ~lI)Q) 11)::::10 lI)enEo lI)E.!: com~ .!all)lI)Q. ;; lZ E .~ ~ f.! ~ iii ~ .~ ~ ~ O)Q)lI)'- II)CI) .;::....0"0 I: lZ 'Q) 0 ~ "5 ~.5 ~ . ~ .= ~ c Om"OCI)--- :J5l1)lI)...m E CI) 0 :J "0 E 1V ~ O:cl II) e.."O Illc-lZQ)lI)lI)o~m::lZQ)Q) en= 0.- ~ 0 O)~ ~ all):J1ij 0 ~ :: 0 0 c..,g:s 0 0) lI) Iii ~ lI) m c mD..~ E c mD...!:c.l:;:e; l:5-e Q) .0 :!: g c.. lI) t:>>::E c'- II) "0 "0 imll)c..lI)~Q)CI)liiB=-gl:m ~,s:;,s:;II).s::mc,s:;-,\!!...,mmO) Illll)-II).....-'-.....O'....""'::.II)C =>-11) >11)'- Q).oQ):J .Q)::::I.8 .!.j9 ~ ~ lIi..ci U-C Q)"': O)':;~_ ~.n~c ~cg ~NM"': IOU) CI> c:: o ~ .1! u CD ~ au c o :j:l III all) Q) Q) C::::l .- m C >- 0 0-- ~.!i ~~ii g'co .....- "0 .1:: ~ c ~om ~':cl .s So m m c II)~Q) Q)c..E >ii)~ lI) CI).- 1:.0 6- 0.... lI) m c ... 0~Q) -~o I::J'" m U :J _....0 e..OIl) c Ci ~ o:J - 'gcf!! _ m Q) ;; E'E m m m e..lI).o ..Qi~ lI) c..- > lI) c lI) ~ lI) Oo.~ .....NM I -q- o o N - -q- ~ -q- S ..t:: e ~ tt::: (l. u en - 0- u en be t:: .E ~ -a - ~ 01) -0 '"0 o:i ~ t:S J Q. :t:1 ..t:: . . 'V N ~ o V'l Q) 01) Cd P-t 01) d .~ Cd ~ tI.l g .0 tI.l d o U ~ ~ Cd en CD .Q ~ C'o. CD lIJtJl lIJ tV C'o. CD I:: lIJ c:tVlIJ CDE~ :::. :gEe ~Q. ~ tJl tJl CD e.1:: ...!.. Q. C lIJ I:: 8~~ ... ~ Q. o tV CD lIJ~ ~'"O..... ~:;.s 1::0'"0 ~-;j~ .....3:0 lIJo:::. 8:t .S '"0 I:: tV J!!CD {g:S .c~ ~'S tV eC'o. lIJ Q.~ !,!~Q) ~~'ti '_ ::..,lIJ I::CDQ) :::J~ :::. E..... I:) EO 0;;. ollJQ. o lIJ.E ~~ (; CllO..... ~lEi o 0 CD ~~I:: CD.Q~ CD :::J ::. 3: Q. lIJ .ECD .gllJe 3: CD :::J o~~ J::.'2 e . ~ :::. ~ Q) ....., .c o u q:: '0 cu 0. m - o - CU m a c-. Q).S] ~ -c- uocu "'" ~o5"Cc Q) ~"QoEcu -= aS~,g ~ cu .g"g-g~.g ~ "cul'll_- E I/) C C l'll 0 -Q)mQ),e .... ~~~~S ~ s.gSa~ '0 en _ 1: "'C 'a; Ol Q)l'llo:;a m ~~ ~~.s ~ o en ..... ~ S eo.~~l'lll'll m 0. jg Ol .c 0. ....IIlC Q) Q) ~c..!!zj~ 1ii t::8iVco ';( 5o"ficu"'C cu l'll eiiie--c ~Q)~cu~~cu ,~c~'S oCe-- > q:: Q) l:T "C q:: - cu Q)"C Q)e-- 0 CUiV a::o_...~....Oo . . . . I:: tV E ..t:: o ~ m cu Q) Q) Q) .c ~ ~~Q)+: - -o.ccu 0. "C"C ~ - ....: E<(cc '0 - cu:> l'lll'll E ~ <(>Q)"Ccu~':P J: > ....... l'll.- => LL .- l'll mo.o >J: - 12 .c ;>. III .- t-CU..ll::m'-a !:!::O.......~~ t-O gg ~'':; ~ 0- IV:> IV ::J.- a! m:..b ~.s c....l'llScumE ~].c.c:6iV.! :tcgQ)cccu ~.- m5'- 0"c cuJ!!. ~~c .c ~o ~ Q) Q)'- m cu ~ 'in E 0. ~ 6cuc-C1\7= ~ J: 8 j~ .g:5 Q) o .t-- > Ol '2~0..ll::C~~ ::s '5>0 .S Q) .;;.= E jg LL 5 ,e c..! El'll"'CslXEo 8 ~ ~ 0l"C';;; ~ c cu E l'll ....~<(':P:::. E ~ cu ~ Q)'O) ~ '':; Q)EJ:~e~o. .cQ)LL cumQ) o ~ Q) .!! 0. ~ :6 -.e..t::=50m_ "Cc" Cl'll ~Q)~~liijg:5 c "C.- ::s l!! ...."C Q) ; ~ -g l'll .E 'a; 5120l'll~~: ]Q)l!!-8~l'llJ: NCl'll'-Q).c . ._ Q) .... m .... .... m m....~l'lll'llO'Q)Q) ! :6mQ)oE~ 0. - 0 ::s El'll~"CQ)-o -o~...mm cu OC .... .-.2 5 Q) "'C 0 = .- ... ci;J!l'llJ!Q)Q) IVociViii5~ c.e 0 '0:5 Ul IV ~ CD-g.S 0. l'll ~ "CUl>::SCU- .c....l'll~02:0 g~.co.~~Q) J:oQ):;cuUlii "C - 0 o.~ C Ul "C C ::p .- lijQ)l'll"s"C:5cu",,; "C~EcucuUl5~ -Q)oocQ)~1i:: CU'.:;'t::: c li;"C Q) 0 1; 0 Q).~ ~ cu Ul" .... Q) 0."C o.Ul 0 o.....,..::s=_:::s- ::E 0 ~. l'll 0 l'll 0 1\7 ;>. E J!! Q) ~ :5 .!! .c .c~lX:5~!i:~ "g..8l!!"'Cl!!08~ :E E ::s & cu "g (/) '3 >Q)lGIVO~ '0 e E cu 5 >-.- UlE.2 o.;>.E8-= &.Q) Ul ~ 0 coo .... .Ul & 5" Q) - .!!l. ~.1:::_ cE~culGl'llIllO ~El!"':~cu~"'C l'llo::s.....-J:cO .cog~o .l'll:: o~l'llQ).!~.bl'll ~~.s ~ 0 ~.ei "C Ul .!!2 J: Q) 0 Q) Ol Q);>.~ . C (;j ::s'e ~l'll"ii~05:g=- 0~Q)'5" .-0 "C .c _ ._ l'llUl Q) .,.. C COlUl.... .c+-~ cu.- Q)"C..!!-,e".. c.cQ)"'C_Q)l'llC .c ~ ;>. l!! l'll iii Ul.!! o _ .2 'a; Q) .S Q) Q) '"'C o.o.E E C)::S ..;cEEo.-...m (/) l'll cu ._ .c Q) J!! .!! :::::: :.:; ~ ,e l'll Ul Ul -Q) .... l'll - Ul cu fi .= "C Q) > "0 > .S .!! o ::E ::E o - l'll :5 Ol C ':P o c .c o l'll cu . ,bUl ::s Q) 0::S m "'CUl c'- l'll~ Ul,e .g.l'll .cUl ~12 .el!! l'll"'C o.~ c- ol'll "C:5 Q)Ul UlC ::So u.- .eiii N Q).- J:~ . Ol E.... ::sO ........ .E:G Q)o :6" -c o l'll Q)C cO l'll':P c..!! ~g OUl -Ul g l'll "C0l o C J=:s2 Co .; .s :SQ) "C:5 cu _ "'CE .2cu 0- c Ul 8~ ....- Q)C "CQ) cE iii& "'CIV '5 ~ ~E ~ .CD ~ ~ o 0) .$ ~ .! a.. .$ b -! " CI) Ul ::s o '':; l'll > cu .c t- Iii +:: C ~ o 0. "C C l'll Ul C o ':P l'll - ~ .s C Q) E cu .... '5 c:T l!! Ul -... cu -= o .c . 0.$ l'll c cu IV "C.~ co .!I:e ~ l'll cuo. "CCU ~-= ~~ cu 0 .eE l'll l'll 0.0l ~~ ,ec l'll l'll Ulii) '"g; IU~ ~::s Q) C co C E J!!E 0.0 1\70 5~ ii):: lUil Q)+l -I/) ~Q) ~.s Q)"C 5.! c iii~ UlQ) l!!a. '3 Q) g-; .... ~ CI/) .2 I/) -Q) l!o 010 jgo. CC) .- C ~'2 J!!c c?l! Q .5 c c CIS a:: I- o C La. IU "C 'C Q) .25 LLc 0'- S] N"C cu.2 .cO I- .S en ~ Ul> B:g OQ) o.:Q' 010 .=~ CQ) c- J!!lX 0.0 Q)q:: 5'0 c8- .- III ~Q) J!!.c 1Ut- Ul . 01- -0 .co ~LL eii) 0..2, 0._ l'llo UlC r- - ojg o.!l LLI/) -Q) o:s ~ Ccu cu .- cu ~:S ~~ C cu IU ~ "CO -8~ .- Q) :::'E ~::s 0.0 -0 I-"C 01/) 0'- LLt: 2~ C)1ii CO '2 0) ~i! -"'" 0...$ g';;; o IU o..~ 'OJ!! cu IU ul/) lE.s O~ cu_ .co.. -... 'O!t:, .... oc.. t).!! ; l!! 0.. 0 0515 0) ':P '; ._~ IU EOQ) ~ ft; .cCo.. 0l!1- ml-LL I/) cu "C '0 CD C Ol cu lIS Ol .... IU C _ IV C > Q) " E lX cu =ti ~ C.$ ~ :8cE IV cu t~ ~ occ 0.._ Q) 1/)....0) C Q) .... 'ti ~5cu cu Q)o~ ~ ='"g:6 :5 .g :'3 I/) "CUc ~ c~~ o ~1!IU E .'in 0 Q) cu I/)COc.. ..... cu IU- 0 ~~ ~.b~8 1\7s 'oooc .... "C IU - 0.'- ~~{t:~~~ iii OO~""IU +l - 0.'--- J! &~.!::13 ~ 0. cc....IU.!Ec lU'in cu 0 .2 .~ I/) 0.._"C - .... ';:>OO:Scl'llIU 1/).... Q)::S lIS = G cuooo.m IU ]":2"C..!!i> 0.~cuC.2ccu "C.=:::.IU.cQ)"'C c'a;Iii= cuL;. C 1U';'Ol!>OIU cu;>..... -uilUQ) olUQ)15B~~ ;>. ~ E 0.'- 0 0 .2~EIU~Ulo. .c._OCUQ)g,!1Il ai"~~~~ E l!! ooooO':PCU :2 .,...,...,...,.. cu C Q) -::.1; -:: +-cu I/) ~ > .:: _ .::.... C'C .... IU IU IU l'll 00.... o I/) I/) III I/) ::s OQ)CUCUCD~.c E:S5:6.s~~ Q)Q)CUCUQ)NQ) u > > > >.- E ::sooooEcu "C a a a 0. 'c c.. Q) E E E e'- E a::____::iE_ . . . . . . . -<;t o o N - 'V ~ 'V 8 ~ ~ t+:: fr rn - 0- Co) tI.l en s:: .8 s:: Cd -a ~ 01) ~ "0 <<i ~ rS J 0- :t:: ..s:: 8 ' \ City Council PLOy A enda Cover Memorandum Tracking Number: 535 Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subiect / Recommendation: Declare as surplus to City needs Lots 47 and 48, Block F, GREENWOOD PARK NO.2, a/k/a 1128-1130 Palm Bluff Street, and issue Advertisment For Bid No. 17-04 soliciting sealed bids of not less than $10,000 per lot. Summary: Pinellas county deeded subject Lot 47 to the City on December 17, 2003 following title vesting in the County due to non-payment of ad valorem taxes. The City had filed $9,788.14 in code violation liens against the property prior to title escheating to the County. The City acquired title in subject Lot 48 a year earlier, December 17, 2002, by Certificate of Title issued in settlement of judgement in favor of the City in a civil suit filed in Circuit Court to foreclose a delinquent mortgage balance of $5,760.11 securing a rehalibation loan funded in CDBG File No. RL-632 (Lamb). Neighbors and real estate professionals have recently expressed private sector interest in the lots. State Certified Appraiser Chris Van Slooten performed an appraisal of each lot on March 31, 2004 that valued the City's fee simple interest at $10,000 per lot. Upon the two parcels being declared surplus to City needs, they will be advertised for bid to the highest responsive bidder submitting a sealed bid, or bids, of not less than $10,000 per lot, and complying with any other minimum requirements established by the council. A purchase contract will be negotiated with the party or parties submitting the most responsive bid for each lot. Following contract approval by the council, and successful c1osing(s), net sale proceeds will reimburse Engineering $400 for appraisal expenses, with the balance to reimburse delinquencies cited above. Any excess sale proceeds will accrue in general fund Surplus Land Sale Fund 010-00000-364220. Oriqinatinq: Engineering Section Administrative public hearings Cateqory: Agreements/Contracts - without cost Number of electronic documents attached: 1 Public Hearinq: Yes Advertised Dates: 04/25/2004 Financial Information: Review Approval Michael Quillen 04-06-2004 13:21 :48 City Council A enda Cover Memorandum Cvndie Goudeau 04-25-2004 09:40:27 04-08-2004 16: 10:25 04-27-2004 15:15:30 04-27-2004 15:52:02 Garrv Brumback Laura Lioowski Bill Horn!" LOCATOR MAP 1128 -1130 Palm B.fuff Street Clearwater, FI. r 40 ~1l ..:1"- 4 {solT .,~ f;' 1414 a .1 (/l 6 NaG 5 -< ::i: 4 h 40 8 tsa;,/J() 4tl :s: ;:! 43 $' ~ ~~ -.'3 2 ;5 !l465 8WFr 05 23 24 2-"> :046 ]z ~ -4: a:: --- 20 d z ::2' 0:: w ",F :3 11 Z F cr -;( ~ 294,,222 r-------.-- --.,.--~-~ ,.,''''..'''"'-----., I r'" ".. - --------, l , I I " I I I ' I , I I ~ I , I t I , . 'bO ~,,\~P: r,d\2. : J I h.,)\' : B : J I '3 , - ~ I j , t t I I I I I I I 21 3- 5 I (~ .1 : Clearwater City Council Agenda Cover Memorandum CALf Trackinq Number: 538 Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subiect / Recommendation: Adopt Ordinance No. 7280-04 on second reading, which amends Appendix A, Clearwater Code of Ordinances, Fees for services provided by the Clearwater Police Department. Oriqinatinq: City Attorney 5.ection Second Readings - public hearing Category: Other Number of electronic documents attached: 1 Public Hearing: Yes Advertised Dates: 04/18/2004 04/25/2004 Financial Information: ~ Other Review Approval Pflm Akin 04-08-2004 10:14:52 Cvndie Goudeau 04-23-2004 11: 16:42 2nd Reading ORDINANCE NO. 7280-04 AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF CLEARWATER, FLORIDA, RELATING TO FEES FOR SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE POLICE DEPARTMENT; AMENDING APPENDIX A, TO INCLUDE AND REVISE THE FEES FOR ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES PROVIDED TO PERSONS SEEKING TO SOLICIT, SEEKING LETTERS OF GOOD CONDUCT, SEEKING TO OBTAIN FINGERPRINT SERVICES OR POLICE REPORTS, APPLYING FOR AN OCCUPATIONAL LICENSE, OR SEEKING TO DRIVE TAXICABS OR PUBLIC CONVEYANCES WITHIN THE CITY; PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, the Clearwater Police Department provides substantial services to persons seeking to solicit or to drive taxicabs or public conveyances within the city limits, who are required by the Code of Clearwater to undergo a police background investigation, including but not limited to fingerprinting them, submitting the fingerprints to the Florida Department of Law Enforcement for a criminal background check, and reviewing the results; WHEREAS, the Clearwater Police Department also provides substantial services to applicants for city occupational licenses, who are required to undergo a police background investigation pursuant to Section 29.27, Code of Clearwater, including fingerprinting them, submitting the fingerprints to the Florida Department of Law Enforcement for a criminal background check, reviewing the results, and making a recommendation to the Director of Development and Neighborhood Services; WHEREAS, the Florida Department of Law Enforcement charges the Clearwater Police Department $23.00 to provide a criminal background report; WHEREAS, the administrative labor costs to the Clearwater Police Department in completing the background investigation are $27.00; WHEREAS, the Clearwater Police Department also provides other services to persons, including the issuance of letters of good conduct, fingerprint services, and police reports; WHEREAS, the current schedule of fees to provide those services needs to be amended to reimburse the Clearwater Police Department for its actual costs to provide those services; now therefore BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF CLEARWATER, FLORIDA: Section 1. Section XII of Appendix A, Code of Ordinances, is amended as follows: XII. PEDDLERS, SOLICITORS AND CANVASSERS: t+t Peddlers Application Fee (s 23.33(5)).........................................................50.00 ~ Ordinance No. 7280-04 (2) Choritob!c orgDnizotion registrotion foo (~23.81)..................................................10.00 Section 2. Section XIII of Appendix A, Code of Ordinances, is amended as follows: XIII. POLICE DEPARTMENT: Fees for services provided bv the Police Department: Foos for pormits and report requosts procossod by tho poNco dcporlmont: (1) Solicitor permits (~23.81).................................................................................. 10.00 ill~ Taxi permits (~25.071) (see also PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION CARRIERS) 10.00 mt31 Public conveyance Vehicle for hire permits (~ 25.171 L (see also PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION CARRIERS) ................................. 10.00 rn~ Taxicab/public conveyance vehicle permit sticker.............................................. 2.00 Bl~ Handbill distribution permits (~3.41).................................................................. 10.00 (6) Street artist I. D.................................................................................................... 10.00 @f71 Amusement machine permits (~~7.26, 7.42)..................................................... 10.00 (8) Cabaret cards...................................................................................................... 5.00 ililt9t Letters of good conduct............. .............. .......................................... ............ .5.00 ~ illfi-Gt Bank employee I. D. processing....................................................................... .... 5.00 @lf44t Fingerprinting: (a) One card................ .... .............. .... ................... ................................... ..5.00 ~ (b) Additional cards, each............... .................. ........ ...................... .......... .2.00 ~ iID~ !Auto accident report copies...................................(Fee as set by Florida Statute) ~ UQl~Event report copies..............................................(Fee as set by Florida Statute) ~ i11lf-i--4r-Other report copies..............................................(Fee as set by Florida Statute) ~ (15) Record checks by mail......................................................................................... 2.00 (16) Black and ..'.'hite photographs: (a) Four by five................ ................................ .... ........................................... 2.00 (b) Five by seven........................................................... .............. ............. ...... 3.00 (c) Eight by ten.... .............. ........ ...... .... .......... .... .... .... ........ ........ ...... ............... 4.00 2 Ordinance No. 7280-04 L (17) Color photogr~phs: (n) Four by five...................................... .......... ..... ................. .............. ............ 3.00 (b) Fivc by Gcvcn...................... ........................ ............................................... 4.00 (c) Eight by tcn.......................... ...................................................................... 6.00 *Up to six p~gCG; ~dditional pagcs, per pagc................................................................... 0.25 (12) Administrative fee for processinq backqround investiqation (1:l29.27)............... 50.00 Section 3. Section XIV of Appendix A, Code of Ordinances, is amended as follows: XIV. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION CARRIERS: Taxicab operators permit fee (~ 25.082) (see also POLICE DEPARTMENT).......50.00 ~ Public conveyance operators permit fee (I:l 25.193) (see also POLICE DEPARTMENT)50.00 Section 4. This ordinance shall take effect immediately upon adoption. PASSED ON FIRST READING PASSED ON SECOND AND FINAL READING AND ADOPTED Brian J. Aungst Mayor-Commissioner Approved as to form: Attest: Robert J. Surette Assistant City Attorney Cynthia E. Goudeau City Clerk 3 Ordinance No. 7280-04 lD.~ ~ Clearwater City Council Agenda Cover Memorandum utr; Tracking Number: 539 Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subject / Recommendation: ADOPT Ordinance No. 7288-04 on second reading, approving vacation of a portion of First Street North, a drainage and utility easement lying within a vacated portion of First Street North, and a utility easement lying in a vacated portion of Chautauqua Blvd., located in Chautauqua Unit 1, Section A. Oriqinating: City Attorney Section Second Readings - public hearing Cateqory: Other Number of electronic documents attached: 1 Public Hearinq: Yes Advertised Dates: 03/28/2004 04/04/2004 04/25/2004 Financial Information: ~ Other Review Approval Pam Akin 04-08-2004 09:57:08 Cvndie Goudeau 04-23-2004 11:14:00 2nd Reading ORDINANCE NO. 7288-04 AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF CLEARWATER, FLORIDA, VACATING, A PORTION OF THE 60-FOOT RIGHT-OF-WAY OF FIRST STREET EAST DESCRIBED AS COMMENCING AT THE SOUTHEAST CORNER OF LOT 14, BLOCK 43 OF CHAUTAUQUA UNIT 1, SECTION A, AND VACATE THE DRAINAGE AND UTILITY EASEMENT DESCRIBED AS THE NORTH 20 FEET OF THE SOUTH ONE-HALF OF VACATED CHAUTAUQUA BOULEVARD LYING NORTH OF BLOCK 39 OF SAID CHAUTAUQUA UNIT 1, SECTION A, BOUNDED ON THE WEST BY THE NORTHERLY EXTENSION OF THE WEST LOT LINE OF LOT 24 OF SAID BLOCK 39 AND VACATE THE UTILITY EASEMENT DESCRIBED AS THE EAST 10 FEET OF THE WEST 12 FEET OF VACATED FIRST STREET EAST LOCATED BETWEEN THE NORTH BOUNDARY OF VACATED CHAUTAUQUA BOULEVARD AND SOUTH BOUNDARY OF VACATED FIRST AVENUE NORTH BETWEEN BLOCKS 40 AND 41 OF SAID CHAUTAUQUA UNIT 1, SECTION A.; PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, Larry H. Dimmitt, Jr., owner of real property located in the City of Clearwater, has requested that the City vacate the right-of-way depicted in Exhibit A attached hereto; and WHEREAS, the City Council finds that said right-of-way is not necessary for municipal use and it is deemed to be in the best interest of the City and the general public that the same be vacated; now, therefore, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CLEARWATER, FLORIDA: Section 1. The following: a portion of the 60-foot right-of-way of First Street East described as commencing at the southeast corner of Lot 14, Block 43 of Chautauqua Unit 1, Section A, as recorded in Plat Book 9, Page 52 of the Official Records of Pinellas County, Florida, for a Point of Beginning, thence S 000 01' 33" Wa distance of 163.20 feet, thence S 890 42' 28" E a distance of 60.00 feet, thence N 000 08' 59" a distance of 163.39 feet, thence run N 890 53' 20" W 60.00 feet to the Point of Beginning, and vacate the Drainage and Utility Easement described as the north 20 feet of the south one-half of vacated Chautauqua Boulevard lying north of vacated Block 39 of said Chautauqua Unit 1, Section A, bounded on the east by the west boundary line of a Ordinance No. 7288-04 vacated portion of Lake Shore Drive and on the west by the northerly extension of the west lot line of Lot 24 of said block 39 and vacate the utility easement described as the east 10 feet of the west 12 feet of a vacated portion of First Street East located between the north boundary of vacated Chautauqua Boulevard and south boundary of vacated First Avenue North between vacated Blocks 40 and 41 of said Chautauqua Unit 1, Section A is hereby vacated, closed and released, and the City of Clearwater releases all of its right, title and interest thereto. Section 2. The City Clerk shall record this ordinance in the public records of Pinellas County, Florida, following adoption. Section 3. This ordinance shall take effect immediately upon adoption. PASSED ON FIRST READING PASSED ON SECOND AND FINAL READING AND ADOPTED Brian J. Aungst Mayor Approved as to form: Attest: Bryan D. Ruff Assistant City Attorney Cynthia E. Goudeau City Clerk 2 Ordinance No. 7288-04 10.3 City Council Agenda Cover Memorandum Tracking Number: 579 Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subject / Recommendation: Adopt Ordinance No. 7247-04 on second reading, amending the future land use plan to designate real property whose post office address is 24698 u.s. 19 North as Residential Medium and Water/Drainage Overlay; and change the land use designation for real property whose post office address is 2520 Sunset Point Road from Commercial General, Residential Low Medium and Water/Drainage Overlay to Residential Medium and Water/Drainage Overlay. (LUZ 2003-10011) Originating: City Attorney ~it;!~tion City Attorney Category: Second Reading Number of electronic documents attached: 1 Public Hearing: Yes Advertised Dates: 02/08/2004 04/25/2004 Financial Information: Review Approval Pam Akin 04-26-2004 15: 13:07 Cvndie Goudeau 04-27-2004 08:48:44 ORDINANCE NO. 7247-04 AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF CLEARWATER, FLORIDA, AMENDING THE FUTURE LAND USE PLAN ELEMENT OF THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN OF THE CITY, TO DESIGNATE THE LAND USE FOR CERTAIN REAL PROPERTY LOCATED ON THE EAST AND WEST SIDES OF LAWSON ROAD APPROXIMATELY 330 FEET WEST OF U.S. 19 AND 1200 FEET NORTH OF SUNSET POINT ROAD, CONSISTING OF A PORTION OF LOT 10 AND A PORTION OF LOT 11 BLACKBURNS SUBDIVISION, WHOSE POST OFFICE ADDRESS IS 24698 U.S. 19 NORTH, UPON ANNEXATION INTO THE CITY OF CLEARWATER AS RESIDENTIAL MEDIUM AND WATER/DRAINAGE OVERLAY; AND CHANGE THE LAND USE DESIGNATION FOR CERTAIN REAL PROPERTY LOCATED ON THE EAST AND WEST SIDES OF LAWSON ROAD AND THE NORTH SIDE OF SUNSET POINT ROAD APPROXIMATELY 250 FEET WEST OF U.S. 19, CONSISTING OF A PORTION OF LOTS 6, 11, AND 12 BLACKBURNS SUBDIVISION, WHOSE POST OFFICE ADDRESS IS 2520 SUNSET POINT ROAD, FROM COMMERCIAL GENERAL, RESIDENTIAL LOW MEDIUM AND WATER/DRAINAGE TO RESIDENTIAL MEDIUM AND WATER/DRAINAGE OVERLAY; PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, the amendment to the future land use plan element of the comprehensive plan of the City as set forth in this ordinance is found to be reasonable, proper and appropriate, and is consistent with the City's comprehensive plan; now, therefore, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF CLEARWATER, FLORIDA: Section 1. The future land use plan element of the comprehensive plan of the City of Clearwater is amended by designating the land use category for the hereinafter described property as follows: Property Land Use CateQorv See attached legal description Attached as Exhibit "A" (LUZ2003-10011) To: Residential Medium and Water/ Drainage Overlay Ordinance No. 7247-04 NOTE: The property is currently designated Residential/Office/Retail and Residential Urban and Water Under the Pinellas County Future Land Plan. Section 2. The future land use plan element of the comprehensive plan of the City of Clearwater is amended by designating the land use category of the hereinafter described property, upon annexation into the City of Clearwater pursuant to Ordinance No. 7246-04, as follows: Property Land Use CateQorv See attached legal description As Exhibit "B" From: Commercial General and Residential Low Medium and Water/Drainage To: Residential Medium and Water/ Drainage Overlay Section 3. The City Commission does hereby certify that this ordinance is consistent with the City's comprehensive plan. Section 4. This ordinance shall take effect immediately upon adoption, subject to the approval of the land use designation by the Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners, and subject to a determination by the State of Florida, as appropriate, of compliance with the applicable requirements of the Local Government Comprehensive Planning and Land Development Regulation Act, pursuant to 9 163.3189, Florida Statutes. The Community Development Coordinator is authorized to transmit to the Pinellas County Planning Council an application to amend the Countywide Plan in order to achieve consistency with the Future Land Use Plan Element of the City's Comprehensive Plan as amended by this ordinance. PASSED ON FIRST READING PASSED ON SECOND AND FINAL READING AND ADOPTED Brian J. Aungst Mayor -Comm issioner Approved as to form: Attest: Cynthia E. Goudeau City Clerk Leslie K. Dougall-Sides Assistant City Attorney Ordinance No. 7247-04 City Council Agenda Cover Memorandum CA'l Tracking Number: 580 Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subject / Recommendation: Adopt Ordinance No. 7248-04 on second reading, amending the Zoning Atlas of the City by rezoning certain real property whose post office address is 24698 U.S. 19 North as Medium Density Residential (MDR) and by rezoning certain real property whose post office address is 2520 Sunset Point Road from Commercial (C) and Mobile Home Park (MHP) to Medium Density Residential (MDR) (LUZ 2003-10011). Originating: City Attorney Section City Attorney Category: Second Reading Number of electronic documents attached: 1 Public Hearing: Yes Advertised Dates: 02/08/2004 04/25/2004 Financial Information: Review Approval Pam Akin 04-26-2004 15:13:56 Cvndie Goudeau 04-27-2004 08:50:13 IO.Y- ORDINANCE NO. 7248-04 AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF CLEARWATER, FLORIDA, AMENDING THE ZONING ATLAS OF THE CITY BY REZONING CERTAIN PROPERTY LOCATED ON THE EAST AND WEST SIDES OF LAWSON ROAD APPROXIMATELY 330 FEET WEST OF U.S. 19, AND 1200 FEET NORTH OF SUNSET POINT ROAD, CONSISTING OF A PORTION OF LOT 10 AND A PORTION OF LOT 11, BLACKBURNS SUBDIVISION, WHOSE POST OFFICE ADDRESS IS 24698 U.S. 19 NORTH, UPON ANNEXATION INTO THE CITY OF CLEARWATER AS MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL (MDR) AND BY REZONING CERTAIN PROPERTY LOCATED ON THE EAST AND WEST SIDES OF LAWSON ROAD AND THE NORTH SIDE OF SUNSET POINT ROAD AND APPROXIMATELY 250 FEET WEST OF U.S. 19, CONSISTING OF A PORTION OF LOTS 6, 11, AND 12, BLACKBURNS SUBDIVISION, WHOSE POST OFFICE ADDRESS IS 2520 SUNSET POINT ROAD, FROM COMMERCIAL (C) AND MOBILE HOME PARK (MHP) TO MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL (MDR); PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, the amendment to the zoning atlas of the City as set forth in this ordinance is found to be reasonable, proper and appropriate, and is consistent with the City's Comprehensive Plan; now, therefore, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF CLEARWATER, FLORIDA: Section 1. The following described property in Pinellas County, Florida, is hereby zoned as indicated upon annexation into the City of Clearwater, and the zoning atlas of the City is amended, as follows: Property See legal description attached As Exhibit "A" (LUZ2003-10011) NOTE: The property is currently designated Commercial Parkway District and, Residential, Mobile Home Park, and Subdivision District under the Pinellas County Zoning Classification. Zonina District To: Medium Density Residential (MDR) Section 2. The following described property in Clearwater, Florida, is hereby rezoned, and the zoning atlas of the City is amended as follows: Property Zonina District See attached legal description As Exhibit "B" (LUZ2003-10011) From: Commercial (C) and Mobile Home Park (MHP) To: Medium Density Residential (MDR) Section 3. The City Engineer is directed to revise the zoning atlas of the City in accordance with the foregoing amendment. Ordinance No. 7248-04 Section 4. This ordinance shall take effect immediately upon adoption, subject to the approval of the land use designation set forth in Ordinance 7247-04 by the Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners, and subject to a determination by the State of Florida, as appropriate, of compliance with the applicable requirements of the Local Government Comprehensive Planning and Land Development Regulation Act, pursuant to 9163.3189, Florida Statutes. PASSED ON FIRST READING PASSED ON SECOND AND FINAL READING AND ADOPTED Brian J. Aungst Mayor-Commissioner Approved as to form: Attest: Leslie K. Dougall-Sides Assistant City Attorney Cynthia E. Goudeau City Clerk Ordinance No. 7248-04 II ' \ ~ Clearwater City Council !) Agenda Cover Memorandum FN1. Tracking Number: 509 Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subject / Recommendation: Authorize settlement of the workers' Compensation claim of Claimant,Jose Correa, in its entirety to include medical, indemnity and attorney fees for the sum of $193,250 and authorize the appropriate officials to execute same. Summary: On July 19, 2002, Claimant, a Parks Service Technician for the City of Clearwater, was operating a riding mower when he slipped off the mower and ran over his left leg. He sustained a fracture and partial amputation of his left heel. This is the basis of his pending workers' compensation claim. Subsequently the Claimant developed psychiatric problems, and is being treated for depression and a chronic pain syndrome. His treating orthopedist has indicated that the Claimant may need a below the knee amputation in the future. Currently the Claimant ambulates with a cane. He has a 16% permanent impairment rating for his orthopedic injuries and is permanently restricted to sedentary employment. The Claimant was released from City employment on December 9, 2003 as he was unable to perform the essential functions of a Parks Service Technician. The Claimant is not elligible for a City pension. The Claimant has not worked since his release from the City and has been accepted as permanently and totally disabled by social security. Settlement of this claim is recommended as being in the best interest of the City by the City's Claims Committee, the Risk Management Division, and the City's outside counsel, Mark Hungate. Oriqinatinq: Finance Section Consent Agenda Category: Agreements/Contracts - with cost Number of electronic documents attached: 0 Public Hearing: No Financial Information: ~ Other Bid Required? No Bid Exceptions: Other QlherC_Q otr act? settlement ~ Clearwater City Council I) Agenda Cover Memorandum In Current Year Budget? Yes Budget Adjustment: No Current Year Cost: $193,250.00 Annual Operatinq Cost: $193,250.00 For Fiscal Year: 10/01/2003 to 09/30/2004 Total Cost: $193,250.00 Not to Exceed: $193,250.00 Appropriation Code(s) 590-07000-545800-519-000 Amount $193,250.00 Comments Review Approval Maraie Simmons Dick Hull 03-30-2004 12:50:03 04-26-2004 10:50:05 03-30-2004 15:27:13 04-19-2004 16:11:29 04-19-2004 09:20:11 04-25-2004 22:37:58 r.vnrlip l,OIJrlPi1IJ Tina Wilson l,i1rrv Bnlmhi1r.k Bill Horne ~ Clearwater ~ ~~~~:Z~~; Tracking Number: 542 City Council Agenda Cover Memorandum FrJL. Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subject 1 Recommendation: Declare surplus to the needs of the City and authorize disposal through sale at the Tampa Machinery Auction, Tampa, Florida, the attached list of vehicles and equipment. Summary: See attached list. Oriqinatinq: Finance Section Consent Agenda Category: Other Public Hearing: No Financial Information: ~ Other Bid Required? No Bid Exceptions: Other Other Contract? n/a In Current Year Budget? Yes Budget Adjustment: No Review Approval Georae McKibben Garrv Brumback Maraie Simmons Rill Hnrnp Cyndie Goudeau 04-12-2004 04-19-2004 04-12-2004 04-25-2004 04-26-2004 10:58:27 16:10:22 11:05:39 22:35: 13 10:49:02 \l. ~ Surplus for May 6, 2004 REASON FOR ITEM # G# YEAR DESCRIPTION SERIAL NUMBER MILEAGE SURPLUS I DISPOSAL 1 G0130 1992 Crown Victoria Police Chassis 2FACP72W3NX198834 75,139 Aqe & Condition 2 G0283 1991 CHEVY CAPRICE 4 Dr. 1 G 1 BL5370M R 137794 49,058 Poor overall condition 3 G0284 1991 CHEVY CAPRICE 4 Dr. 1 G1 BL5370MR137908 44,574 Poor overall condition 4 G0291 1990 E250 Cargo VAN 1FTFE24Y6LHA73130 67,978 Aqe & Condition 5 G0417 1990 CH&E 4" Obi Diaph Pump w/trailer 06149000000DM2310 Bad Injector Pump 6 G0432 1974 Onan Trailer Mounted Genset 1172527132 No voltage output 7 G0639 1984 Ryan Sod Cutter 99454 Aqe & Condition 8 G0655 1987 F350 FLAT BED WITH BOOM 1 FDJF37H8HNA98494 55,638 Bad Rust Damaqe 9 G0959 1983 CROSLEY Tandem Axle Trailer 218 0 Aqe & Condition 10 G1105 1993 BRINDEL TRAILER FOR LP TANK" 1 L9EL 1522PG085092 0 NOT USED BY DEPT. 11 G1248 1980 Winco 4000w Portable Generator 17577J81 Aqe & Condition 12 G1264 1991 CHEVY CAPRICE 4 Dr. 1 G1 BL5376MR138819 32,844 Poor overall condition 13 G1311 1987 ONAN 30KW Skid Mount Genset L870947323 110 Aqe & Cond.--Runs ok 14 G1312 1987 ONAN 30KW Skid Mount Genset L870947322 235 Aqe & Cond.--Runs ok 15 G1347 1991 CHEVY CAPRICE 4 Dr. 1 G1 BL5375MR137998 58,854 Poor overall condition 16 G1372 1994 Chevrolet 1500 PICKUP TRUCK 1 GTDC 14Z8RZ568562 91,095 Aqe & Condition 17 G 1482 1995 Crown Victoria Police Chassis 2 F AL P71 W8SX 152266 87,221 BAD TRANS 18 G1594 1996 MONTE CARLO 2Dr. Sedan 2G1WX12X6T9272514 77,926 Aqe & Condition 19 G1628 1982 LIBBY 30KW Skid Mount Genset ASK-30-0433 1,031 Beyond repair 20 G1637 1996 Crown Victoria Police Chassis 2FALP71W7TX160330 85,003 Bad Catalytic Converters 21 G1681 1996 Stone Jumpinq Jack Compactor 2096124 Aqe & Condition 22 G1729 1997 Crown Victoria Police Chassis 2FALP71W4VX120404 82,451 Aqe & Condition 23 G1738 1997 Crown Victoria Police Chassis 2FALP71W7VX120414 90,174 Aqe & Condition 24 G1743 1997 Crown Victoria Police Chassis 2FALP71W6VX120503 84,244 ABS INOP 25 G1763 1996 E-Z Go Utilitv Vehicle A51166 Aqe & Condition 26 G1781 1997 Stone Plate Compactor 1397229 Aqe & Condition 27 G1783 1997 Stone Plate Compactor 1297576 Aqe & Condition 28 G1784 1997 Wacker Jumpinq Jack Compactor 75100184 Aqe & Condition 29 G1814 1997 CUSHMAN Police Scooter 1 CHMH6600VLOO0119 19,397 Age & Condition 30 G 1820 1997 Crown Victoria Police Chassis 2FALP71W4VX121990 98,790 Bad Catalytic Converters 31 G1831 1997 Hustler 3200 Ridinq Mower 6050028 Aqe & Condition 32 G1841 1997 Wacker Jumpinq Jack Compactor 751002575 Aoe & Condition 33 G1842 1997 Wacker Jumpinq Jack Compactor 751002583 Aqe & Condition 34 G1843 1997 Wacker Jumpinq Jack Compactor 751002588 Age & Condition 35 G1848 1997 Hustler 2500 Ridinq Mower 7022040 Aqe & Condition 36 G1849 1997 Stone Concrete Mixer 2097191 Aqe & Condition 37 G1867 1997 E-Z Go Utilitv Vehicle A53672 Aqe & Condition 38 G1937 1998 Crown Victoria Police Chassis 2FAFP71W4WX137542 105,637 Aqe & Condition 39 G1969 1998 Hustler 3200 Ridinq Mower 8047352 Aqe & Condition 40 G2060 1999 Toro 325D Grondsmaster Mower 80877 Aqe & Condition 41 G2061 1999 Toro 325D Grondsmaster Mower 90105 Aqe & Condition 42 G2115 1999 Hustler 3200 Riding Mower 98121458 Aqe & Condition 43 G2153 1999 Crown Victoria Police Chassis 2FAFP71W3XX197958 90,265 Aqe & Condition 44 G2332 1999 Cushman Athletic Field Groomer 99007216 Aqe & Condition 45 Astro Topper from 1998 S-1 0 Pickup Truck w/6ft bed NOT USED BY DEPT. 46 Astra Topper from 1998 S-10 Pickup Truck w/6ft bed NOT USED BY DEPT. 47 23' wide foldinq herbicide spray bar attachment Surplus 48 Kerosene Portable Space Heater- Master B1500 Surplus 49 Saylor Beall 11 OV portable Air Compressor A-26-MM Surplus 50 Kerosene Portable Space Heater- Champion Surplus 51 Craftsman Hedqe Trimmer Aqe & Condition 1\.3 City Council A enda Cover Memorandum R. Tracking Number: 532 Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subiect 1 Recommendation: Approve the fourth amendment to the Clearwater Airpark, Inc. lease, the Fixed Base Operator at Clearwater Airpark, amending Exhibit "B", the Tie-Down/Hangar Lease for airpark tenants. Summary: The Lease and Operating Agreement for Clearwater Airpark includes a Tie-Down/Hangar Lease agreement as one of its exhibits. Our Legal Department representative has confirmed that the City cannot legally keep out tenants that follow all Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and Manufacturer's guidelines for their aircraft.A few Citation aircraft owners are on the waiting list for the new corporate hangar. A Citation is a small, turbo fan, corporate jet manufactured by Cessna. It is forty-three feet long, with a wingspan of forty-seven feet, much the same size as many of the planes at the airpark. The perceived problem is the noise that jets produce. The noise is not louder, it is different than propeller driven planes. By adding the following wording to the lease between the Fixed Base Operator and the prospective tenants, we can better monitor and control the behavior of the aircraft owners. - A copy of the performance section of the pilot's operating handbook for the aircraft listed on this rental agreement is required prior to placing the aircraft in the airpark. - Failure to abide by performance specifications of the pilot's operating handbook is reason for immediate termination of this rental agreement. Oriqinatinq: Marine and Aviation Section Consent Agenda Category: Agreements/Contracts - without cost Public Hearinq: No Finilnciallnformation: Review Approval Brvan Ruff 04-07-2004 13:35:51 Bill Horne 04-27-2004 15:14:53 Cvndie Goudeau 04-27-2004 15: 53 : 18 Garry Brumback 04-26-2004 12:26:58 ~.'. N (<..1 t<e,ll.3 EXHIBIT "B" CLEARWATER AIRP ARE:. TIE-DOWN /HANGAR LEASE Tha t the has this day leased to (Name of Lessee) Space No. Description (i.e. Hangar/Grass Tie Down/Hard Stand) located on the Clearwater Airpark on a month to month term beginning on the 1st day of , 20_, upon the following terms and conditions: 1. The space is to be used solely for the parking of the Tenant's aircraft with the exception that automobile parking in the space is permitted while the aircraft is being flown. Any other use must be authorized by the City. 2. Aircraft parked in each space must be registered with the Clearwater Airpark. The aircraft to be parked is described as: 3. The Tenant does not have the right to sub-lease a space without Lessor's approval. 4. Airworthy aircraft may not be under repair for more than ninety (90) days. 5. If the Tenant changes the aircraft to be parked in the space, the identifications and N-number of the new aircraft must be reported to the Airport Manager and shown on this rental agreement. 6. Rent in the amount of $ plus applicable sales tax is due on or before the first of each month beginning , 20_, and will be considered delinquent if not paid on or before the 20th of the month. If the tenant has not paid the rent on or before the last day of each month when it becomes due, the Lessor, may terminate the rental agreement. The Lessor reserves the right to adjust the rental amount upon fifteen (15) days written notice to the Tenant. Partial payment of tie-down space rental will not be accepted by the Lessor. 7. The tenant shall make no structural, electrical, or other modification to the premises. Any modification that is not expressly authorized in writing by the City shall result in the termination of this agreement and tenant shall be responsible to restore the premises to its original condition and to reimburse the City for any cost, expense or loss of revenue resulting thereof. Rev. 4/1/04 Lease Folder: Airpark Tie-down hangar Lease 1 8. The Tenant shall be responsible for all damage to the leased premises caused by the Tenant's negligence or abuse. If the Tenant does not promptly repair any damages caused by its negligence or abuse after notification by the Lessor and / or City, the City reserves the right to make repairs at the Tenant's expense which shall become due and payable as part of the Tenant's rent on the next billing cycle. 9. Partial payment of space rental will not be accepted by the Lessor. 10. The Tenant shall purchase a hangar lock from the Airport Manager with one (1) key supplied to the Tenant and one (1) key to be retained by the Airport Manager. 11. The Lessor and the City reserves the right at all times to enter the space for security, fire, and other emergency inspections. The space shall not be used for any illegal purposes or used in connection with any illegal activity. 12. Remedies for default and payment. If the Tenant defaults in the payment of rent or does not fulfill the other terms and conditions of this Lease, the Tenant does, by the signing of this Lease, grant the Lessor or the City the right to remove the airplane and all contents from the space and to then lease the space to another tenant. Any airplane removed from space for non-payment of rent shall be impounded by the Lessor or the City in an area designated by the Airport manager, and shall not be removed until all unpaid rent, storage charges, fees are paid in full. TIlls section shall be construed to be an additional remedy and right granted by the Tenant to the Lessor in addition to any other remedy available by law. 13. Tenant shall keep area of space clean and clear of oil, grease, and other stains. 14. No explosive or flammable materials will be permitted within or about the space with the exception of fuel in aircraft tanks. 15. No boxes, crates, rubbish, paper, or litter that could cause or support combustion shall be permitted within or about the space. All spaces shall be kept clean and neat. 16. Tenant may polish or clean aircraft in the space if flammable materials are not used. 17. No shop equipment shall be installed in the space. 18. Lessee shall be permitted to perform only those repairs and / or maintenance which are specifically authorized under Federal Air Regulations, Part 43, preventive maintenance allowed by owner/pilot and subject to approval by the fire official, which does not require the services of a licensed A & P mechanic. TIlls maintenance may be performed only by the owner or operator of the aircraft. 19. The tenant is not permitted to bring onto Airpark property fuel not dispensed from the Airpark fueling facilities with the exception of fuel in the aircraft tanks. 20. Failure to abide by these stipulations will result in immediate tennination of the Agreement. Lessor or City may enforce all of the terms of this Agreement. 21. If it becomes necessary for the Lessor to use legal process to collect unpaid rent or charges, the Tenant shall pay all costs of collection at trial and appellate levels, including attorney fees and costs, incurred by the Lessor. Rev. 4/1/04 Lease Folder: Airpark Tie-down hangar Lease 2 22. A copy of the performance section of the pilot's operating handbook for the aircraft listed on this rental agreement is required prior to placing the aircraft in the airpark. 23. Failure to abide by performance specifications of the pilot's operating handbook is reason for immediate termination of this rental agreement. LESSOR: By: Date: TENANT: By: Date: Rev. 4/1/04 Lease Folder: Airpark Tie-down hangar Lease 3 n.Y City Council A enda Cover Memorandum YY) <K 2. Trackina Number: 537 Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subiect 1 Recommendation: Approve termination of the Lease and the License Agreement between Phil Henderson Sr., President of Clearwater Ferry Service, and the City of Clearwater prior to the termination date scheduled for August 31, 2004. Summary: The City of Clearwater and Clearwater Ferry Service entered into a ground lease and a license agreement on August 2, 1989. The Lease and License Agreements between the City and Clearwater Ferry Service, Inc. to run the Clearwater Ferry Service from the Drew Street Dock are due to terminate August 31, 2004. Phil Henderson Sr., President of Clearwater Ferry Service requests that the agreements be simultaneously terminated sooner so that he can relocate the business. Mr. Henderson represents in the Termination Agreement that he does not have any agreements with third parties, either formal or informal, to enter upon or use the leased premises, therefore, upon termination there will not be an ongoing need for Mr. Henderson to provide insurance of any kind. The City plans to use the location as a public fishing dock. Termination of the agreement prior to the expiration date will expedite its usage for the public. Oriqinatinq: Marine and Aviation Section Consent Agenda Cateaory: Agreements/Contracts - without cost Public Hearing: No Financial Information: Review Approval Brvi'l n RIJff 04-08-2004 13:55:24 Cvndie Goudeau 04-27-2004 15:54:21 Li'llJri'l Linnwski 04-09-2004 09:34:34 Bill Horne 04-27-2004 15:14:17 Garry Brumback 04-26-2004 12:26:04 ~ ". f\A R z., ~'.II.~ TERMINATION OF LEASE AND LICENSE AGREEMENT THIS TERMINATION OF LEASE AND LICENSE AGREEMENT is made and entered into this day of , 2004, by and between the City of Clearwater, Florida, a municipal corporation of the State of Florida, whose mailing address is Post Office Box 4748, Clearwater, Florida 33758, ("City"), and Clearwater Ferry Service, Inc., a Florida corporation, whose mailing address is P.O. Box 3335, Clearwater, Florida 33767, ("Clearwater Ferry"): WHEREAS, City and Clearwater Ferry entered into a ten (10) year ground lease on August 2, 1989 which was extended for five (5) years and is scheduled to expire on August 31,2004 ("Lease"); and WHEREAS, City and Clearwater Ferry, simultaneous to the Lease, entered into a license agreement for the operation of a ferry boat from the leased premises, ("License and Agreement") which is also scheduled to expire in August 2004; and WHEREAS, City and Clearwater Ferry hereby agree to simultaneously terminate the Lease and the License and Agreement prior to the scheduled expiration dates subject to the terms of this Termination of Lease and License Agreement. NOW, THEREFORE it is mutually agreed as follows: 1. City and Clearwater Ferry agree to the termination of that certain Lease agreement between the parties dated August 2, 1989, subject to the conditions of this agreement. 2. Clearwater Ferry hereby acknowledges that section 5.04(1) of the Lease expressly provides "that any and all pilings, docks, ticket office and improvements and fixtures of whatsoever nature at any time constructed, placed, or maintained upon any part of the Leased Land" shall automatically become the property of the City, as lessor, on August 31, 1999, (the end of the initial lease term). Subject to the improvements above, Clearwater Ferry agrees to redeliver possession of the leased premises in substantially the same condition that existed immediately prior to (Lessee's) Clearwater Ferry's entry, reasonable wear and tear excepted. Any improvements shall remain property of the City and shall not be removed or altered in any fashion. 3. City and Clearwater Ferry agree to the termination of that certain License and Agreement, dated August 2, 1989, and all amendments thereto, subject to the conditions of this agreement. 4. Clearwater Ferry has voluntarily requested that City terminate said Lease and License and Agreement for the purpose of relocating the business of Clearwater Ferry Service, Inc. 5. Clearwater Ferry has agreed to the voluntary termination of the Lease and License and Agreement without any further obligation by City or Clearwater Ferry for the remaining terms of the Lease and License and Agreement, however, any provisions of the Lease and License and Agreement expressly intended to survive said agreements shall survive to the extent applicable. 6. Clearwater Ferry hereby represents that Clearwater Ferry does not have any existing subleases or other agreements, formal or informal, in place with any third party that would create an interest in and to the subject premises or create any rights under the License Agreement, or which would create a requirement for continued insurance coverage on the subject property. [signature page follows] 2 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this agreement is executed as of the date first above written. Countersigned: CITY OF CLEARWATER, FLORIDA By: Brian J. Aungst Mayor William B. Horne II City Manager Approved as to form: Attest: Laura Lipowski Assistant City Attorney Cynthia E. Goudeau City Clerk CLEARWATER FERRY SERVICE, INC. By: Phil Henderson Its: President 3 City Council __.","~",",~A,g~~,~d~_"fo~~~~",,~<~"!!IQ!!,,~~ u m PRl Tracking Number: 570 Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subject / Recommendation: Approve one time funding from unapproriated retained earnings for the operation of two summer camp programs for economically disadvantaged children that has been previously funded by the Juvenile Welfare Board in the amount of $52,200. Summary: Clearwater Parks and Recreation programs a 10-week Summer Camp for economically disadvantaged children aged 10-14 years at the N. Greenwood Recreation Complex, and Ross Norton Recreation Complex in Clearwater's North and South Greenwood communities. Serving 95 children aged 10-14 years, camp activities will include: drama, tennis, art, magic, computer lab, swimming, field trips, games and sports. This program is compatible with JWB's Strategic Plan in the following areas: providing a substance abuse program, skill development activities, children aged 10-14 years, community-based activities, structured activities, support from 3 or more adults, quality services and activities while preventing problem behaviors. For the past 4 years, the City of Clearwater has been awarded a grant from the Juvenile Welfare Board to provide this programming. Unfortunately, staff did not timely submit its 2004 grant and it was rejected by JWB as being submitted late. The grant would have provided $41,200 funding for 75 middle school aged youth. The grant would have covered 100% of the camp that will be hosted at N. Greenwood Recreation Complex for children ages 10-14. The grant would have prOVided $11,000 funding for 20 middle school aged youth. The grant would have covered 100% of the camp that will be hosted at the Ross Norton Recreation Complex for children ages 10-14. Staff is recommending funding of this years program from retained earnings. For next year, staff is currently working with JWB to add this program to the continued funding request thereby eliminating the need to submit and annual grant application. A third quarter budget amendment will appropriate $ 52,200 from the unappropriated retained earnings of the General Fund to fund this program. Originating: Parks and Recreation Section Consent Agenda Category: Rate/Fee Increases - All Number of electronic documents attached: 0 Public Hearing: No Financial Information: Type: Operating Expenditure \ 1.S City Council ~~~_~...."~"g~.~~over Mem~,~~d!!_~~~~~._,~._.~.~_~._.~"._~....~~....~_._.~'''W.'_~'_'w_'~__>' Bid Required? No Bid Exceptions: Other Other Contract? Operation of two summer camp programs In Current Year Budget? No Budget Adjustment: Yes Budget Adjustment Comments: One time funding from unappropriated retained earnings. Current Year Cost: $52,200.00 Annual Operating Cost: $52,200.00 For Fiscal Year: 10/01/2003 to 09/30/2004 Total Cost: $52,200.00 Not to Exceed: $52,200.00 Appropriation Code(s) 181-99xxx 181-99xxx Amount $41,200.00 $11,000.00 Comments Review Approval Kevin Dunbar 04-23-2004 14:31:01 Laura Lioowski 04-27-2004 15:57:38 Bill Horne 04-28-2004 16:39:45 Maraie Simmons 04-23-2004 16:45:56 Cvndie Goudeau Tina Wilson Garry Brumback City Council _~.~enda Cover ~~"1~_ra!:ldum 04-28-2004 16:49:29 04-23-2004 16:51:12 04-28-2004 16:29:58 \\.~ Clearwater City Council \) ~::::~:~S:~;:?::::~~:':~:S::8 Agenda Cover Memorandum Pwi Tracking Number: 531 Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subject 1 Recommendation: Accept a perpetual 10-foot Utility Easement dated March 30, 2004 over and across a portion of Lot 12, CLEARWATER INDUSTRIAL PARK conveyed by Belcal Properties, LLC, a Florida limited libility company, as more specificially described therein. Summary: Belcal Properties, LLC ("Belcal") is nearing completion of a three building office complex on the southwest corner of Calumet Street and Belcher Road. The City has a functioning 12-inch water main and a sanitary manhole located within the easterly ten feet of the project's Belcher Road frontage. Belcal's conveyance of the subject easement will formalize of record the City's rights and obligations to install, maintain and replace the utility facilities as necessary. The rights conveyed by the easement are perpetual and irrevocable except by written mutual agreement of both parties, or abandonment of the easement by the City. First National Bank of Florida, owner and holder of a mortgage lien encumbering the subject property, has consented to and joined in the eastment grant. A copy of the easement documentation is available for review in the Office of Official Records and Legislative Services. Originating: Engineering Section Consent Agenda Category: Agreements/Contracts - without cost Number of electronic documents attached: 1 Public Hearing: No Financial Information: Review Approval Michael Ouillen 04-02-2004 10:27:18 Gi1rrv Bnlmhar.k 04-19-2004 16:09:20 Li11 J ri1 Li nnwski 04-12-2004 14:43:20 Bill Horne 04-25-2004 22:21 :21 Cvndie Goudeau 04-26-2004 10:52:58 DESCRIPTION: SECTION 1, TOWNSHIP 29 SOUTH, RANGE 115 EAST A portion of Lot 12. CLEARWATeR INDUSTRIAL PARK. according to the plat thereof. recorded in Plat Book 44. Page 45, Public Records of PineJias County, Florida, tH!ing more porticulory described as follOWS: Commence at the northwest corner of said lot 12., and run S.89'Z1'49"E., olong the north boundary liil'H~ of soid Lot 12, 575.15 feet for 0 Point of Beginning; thence, continue along said north boundary line. 5.B9'21' 49" E., 10.00 feet to west right-ot-way line of Belcher Rood; thence, leaving said north boundory line. $.00.02' 48"""'., along the said west right-of-way HM. 379.98 feet; thence. leaving said west ri9hl-of-'....oy line, N.89' 21'49" W.. along the south boundery ITrle of said lot 12. 10.00 feet; thence, leo\!ing ~~oid south boundary line, N.OO'02' 48" E., 379,98 feet lo the Point of Beginnirlg, N ~ 0' 50' 1 00' I""'.J"\. ..01 I SC'/"LE: !" :::; 1 00' PREPARE;D FOR: DEM PARTNERSHIP c/o MR MARK KLEIN KLEiN &; HEUCH.o\N, INC. REALTORS 2040 N.E. CG/\CHM..\N ROAD CLfJ\,RI'iATER. rLORIDA 33765 Phone: 727) 4/.1 -1951 ABBREVIATION LEGEND P,O.B. ?OII'{1' OF SEGINt<lNG P.O.C. POINT OF COt.4l.1ENCEMD-lT ~ n: at l 0~ i! ,- ~g ~l:; I o~:~ - ~ ~UMET STREET ,~ . + _ q ~: ;$1$ OF 8URI';:9:~'4~~~ WIDE,RIGH'T ~ ~:..l~~AY) , . '.' S.89;E~~&9fJE. "--NOltTH [lOU ~CARY · 5:i.OO' I UNI: or LOT 12 . .......1 tol iIco en Ol oillci ,.... .1' I"l hI") Q s::- t5. ~ Qa:::J. ~~ 19 II ~f5 ffi ~ 0:1: :J: Cl II ~~ 0 ~ QL... ...J 0 lro l&J..... , ~~ 01';- d ~ j ~ ~ '\ ~ l;j I,. bt 18 ~ 5 ~ . ~ z ~') ~~ SOUTH BOUNOAHY ~ '" t~ , . .. " L u", Of LO"~'89'2 ;;.;,,'W, ..,,-,,0: '11 ; ~ CLEARW'A TEfl lHDUSTRIAl PARr: 10.00' ~~ PL.':'. r BOOK !.f., P AGt: /.0 ~ ~ h I~~ ("1>- ZQ ::l-' 0,... alo 0~ ;!1:;J LOi 12 CLEAR\'V?,TER iHrlU5TRlp,L -P p, FJ< PtA T flOur: ~I.., PAGE 1,0 L BELCHER ROAD AND CALUMET STREET 1 0' WIDE UTI LIlY EASEMENT BOUNDARY PLAN AND DESCRIPTION PINELUIS COUNTY CLEARW/,TER APPROVED BY: ~ . Fr OR,ILM PI?&7SS,'OUAJ.. SUH'I"EYOR "NO MAPPER No. FLORtDA i2 LLOVERAS BAUR & STEVENS ENGINEERS - SURVEYORS - PLANNERS 'l1l 0000208 29228 U.S. HIGHWAY 19 ~. CLEARW.....TER. FLORIDA o3J75t Pr.one: (117) lB4-J9o~ ro.: (7:11) ,B4-at&J iJRt-:HN BY: le8 JOg Nc.. '4 Q Vi LS 1762 ~ u: CH EeKED 8Y: RO APPROVED BY: .... DATE: 3-25-04 23362 THIS IS NOT A BOUNDARY SURVEY SCALE,: t " w , 00' DES C R I PTI 0 N BOUNDARY PLAN AND ~;. pw 1- R.a.\II.~ Return to: Earl Barrett Engineering Department City of Clearwater P. O. Box 4748 Clearwater, FI. 34618-4748 RE: Parcel No. 01-29-15-16488-000-0120 I UTILITY EASEMENT I FOR AND IN CONSIDERATION of the sum of One Dollar ($1.00) in hand paid to it, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, and the benefits to be derived therefrom, BELCAL PROPERTIES, LLC, a Florida limited liability company C/O 2040 Northeast Coachman Road, Clearwater, Fl. 33675 ("Grantor"), does hereby grant and convey to the CITY OF CLEARWATER, FLORIDA, a Florida Municipal Corporation ("Grantee"), an easement over, under and across the following described land lying and being situate in the County of Pinellas, State of Florida, to wit: A portion of Lot 12, CLEARWATER INDUSTRIAL PARK, according to the map or plat thereof as recorded in Plat Book 44, Page 46, Public Records of Pinellas County, Florida, being more specifically described in EXHIBIT "A" appended hereto. Containing _ square feet (the "Easement Area"). This easement is granted for construction, installation and maintenance of water and sanitary facilities by Grantee. The CITY OF CLEARWATER, FLORIDA, shall have the right to enter upon the above-described premises and to construct, install and maintain thereon such water & sanitary utilities, and to inspect and alter same from time to time. In the exercise of rights granted herein Grantee shall in every instance restore all physical impacts to the Easement Area to equal or better condition as existed prior to the exercise of such rights. GO? 4C9DA. DOC Page 1 of5 Grantor warrants and covenants with Grantee that it is the owner of the fee simple title to the herein described Easement Area, that Grantor has full right and lawful authority to grant and convey this easement to Grantee. It is expressly understood that Grantor reserves unto itself all rights of ownership of the Easement Area not inconsistent with the easement rights granted herein. This easement is binding upon the Grantor, the Grantee, their successors and assigns. The rights granted herein shall be perpetual and irrevocable and shall run with the land, except by the written mutual agreement of both parties, or by abandonment of the Easement Area by Grantee. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned grantor has caused these presents to be duly executed this day of , 2004. Signed, sealed and delivered In the presence of: BELCAL PROPERTIES, LLC a Florida limited liability company WITNESS signature By: Print Witness Name Mark S. Klein, Managing Member WITNESS signature Print Witness Name STATE OF FLORIDA : ss COUNTY OF PINELLAS The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this day of , 2004 by Mark S. Klein, managing member of Belcal Properties, LLC, a Florida limited liability company, whom, being duly authorized, executed the foregoing instrument on behalf of said limited liability company, who acknowledged the execution thereof to be his free act and deed for the uses and purposes therein expressed, and who [ ] is personally known to me or who [ ] did provide as identification. My Commission Expires: Notary Public - State of Florida Type/Print Name G074C9DA.DOC Page 2 of 5 CONSENT & JOINDER I The undersigned Mortgagee, owner and holder of an equitable interest in the real property described herein by virtue of that certain Promissory Note, Mortgage and other instruments of security dated October 6, 2000 given by OEM Partnership, a Florida general partnership in favor of First National Bank of Florida, a national banking association (hereafter, "FNB"), as recorded in O. R. Book 11086, Page 161, Public Records of Pinellas County, Florida, the same having been subsequently amended by that certain Modification & Assumption Agreement dated August 8, 2003 between Belcal Properties, LLC, a Florida limited liability company and FNB as recorded in O. R. Book 12973, Page 285, Public Records of Pinellas County, Florida; does hereby join with Grantor and consents to the grant of easement as herein described. Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of: FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF FLORIDA, a national banking association By: Print Name Title Witness signature Print Witness Name Witness signature Print Witness Name STATE OF FLORIDA : 55 COUNTY OF PINELLAS The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this day of , 2004 by as of First National Bank of Florida, a national banking association, who executed said instrument and acknowledged the execution thereof to be h_ free act and deed for the uses and purposes therein expressed, and who [ ] is personally known to me or who [ ] did provide as identification. My Commission Expires: Notary Public - State of Florida Type/Print Name G074C9DA.DOC Page 3 of5 AFFIDAVIT OF NO LIENS STATE OF FLORIDA :ss COUNTY OF PINELLAS BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority, personally appeared Mark S. Klein, managing member of Belcal Properties, LLC, a Florida limited liability company, whom, being first duly sworn, does depose and say: 1. That said limited liability company is the owner of legal and equitable title to the following described property in Pine lias County, Florida, to wit: A portion of Lot 12, CLEARWATER INDUSTRIAL PARK, according to the map or plat thereof as recorded in Plat Book 44, Page 46, Public Records of Pinellas County, Florida, being more specifically described in EXHIBIT "A" appended hereto 3. That there has been no labor performed or materials furnished on said property for which there are unpaid bills for labor or materials against said property, other that those which will be paid during the normal course of business, except: (list, or if none, insert "NONE") 4. That there are no liens or encumbrances of any nature affecting the title of the property herein described, except easements and restrictions of record, any encroachments, overlaps or other rights of third parties which would be shown by a current survey, and: The encumbrance, lien and obligations imposed by that certain Modification & Assumption Agreement dated August 8, 2003 between Belcal Properties, LLC and First National Bank of Florida, a national banking association (hereafter, "FNB") as recorded in O. R. Book 12973, Page 285, Public Records of Pinellas County, Florida, said instrument modifying, restating, and formalizing assumption of the encumbrance, lien and obligations imposed by that certain Promissory Note and other instruments of security dated October 6, 2000 given by DEM Partnership, a Florida general partnership in favor of aforesaid FNB as recorded in O. R. Book 11086, Page 161, Public Records of Pinellas County, Florida. 5. That no written notice has been received for any public hearing regarding assessments for improvements by any government, and there are no unpaid assessments against the above described property for G074C9DA.DOC Page 4 of5 improvements thereto by any government, whether or not said assessments appear of record. 6. That there are no outstanding sewer service charges or assessments payable to any government. 7. That the representations embraced herein have been requested by the CITY OF CLEARWATER, its agents, successors and assigns to rely thereon in connection with the granting of a utility easement from Brown -19, LLC to the City of Clearwater. Signed, sealed and delivered In the presence of: BELCAL PROPERTIES, LLC, a Florida limited liability company WITNESS signature By: Print Witness Name Mark S. Klein, Managing Member WITNESS signature Print Witness Name STATE OF FLORIDA : ss COUNTY OF PINELLAS The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this day of , 2004 by Mark S. Klein, managing member of Belcal Properties, LLC, a Florida limited liability company, who executed the foregoing instrument on behalf of said entity, and who acknowledged the execution thereof to be his free act and deed for the uses and purposes therein expressed. My Commission Expires: Notary Public - State of Florida Type/Print Name [ ] Personally Known [ ] Produced Identification Type of Identification Produced GO? 4C9DA. DOC Page 5 of 5 \ \ .1 City Council A enda Cover Memorandum PL0 ~ Trackina Number: 442 Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subiect 1 Recommendation: Amend an existing Local Agreement Project (LAP); increasing by $278,568.93 for a new agreement total of $620,528.93; for the design and construction of a traffic signal and driveways on COURTNEY CAMPBELL CAUSEWAY AND DAMASCUS ROAD and Award a contract for the COURTNEY CAMPBELL CAUSEWAY AND DAMASCUS ROAD SIGNALIZATION PROJECT (03-0051-EN) to David Nelson Construction Company, Inc. of Palm Harbor, FI for the sum of $541,368.93 which is the lowest responsible bid received in accordance with the plans and specifications. Summary: * This action is to amend the existing LAP agreement as to the amount set aside for construction by the FDOT and the City. The existing LAP agreement sets aside $262,800 for construction. The LAP amendment in this action adds $278,568.93, $176,807 in state funds and $101,761.93 in City funds, for a new total of $541,368.93 for construction. * This action also awards the contract for construction in the amount of $541,368.93 to David Nelson Construction Inc. * The work proposed in this contract includes the construction of two driveways serving the public beach on Courtney Campbell Causeway as well as providing mast arm signals at the driveways and Damascus Road. In addition conduit and fiber optic cable will be installed to facilitate communication between this intersection and the ITS system currently being installed on Gulf to Bay Blvd by the FDOT. * This project will commence after award of bid and execution of contract and will be completed within 180 calendar days. * In addition to the $101,761.93 City share of the amended LAP agreement, funding is needed for the postage, advertising and other costs of $756.78 related to the bidding process for the construction contract. The total additional City funding needed is $102,518.71. *Mid-year amendments totaling $279,325.71 to the Capital Improvement Program project 315-92557, SR60 & Damascus Road Signalization, will increase the budget for funding from the Florida Department of Transportation (revenue code 000053) by $176,807.00 and transfer budget and Transportation Impact Fee revenue (000005) of $51,259.36 from 315-92553, New Signals, and $51,259.35 from project 315-92555, Intersection Improvements, to fund this construction contract. * This project is done under a Local Agreement Project (LAP) with the Florida Department of Tra nsportation. * This project will provide safe access to the public beach on the south side of the Courtney Campbell Causeway as well as safe access to the Clearwat er Christian College on the north side. * This signalization has been approved by the Pinellas County Metropolitan Planning Organization as well as the Florida Department of Transportation. * A copy of the LAP Amendment is available at Official Records and Legislative Services. City Council A enda Cover Memorandum Oriqinatinq: Engineering Section Consent Agenda Category: Construction Contracts - Public Works Originating Number of electronic documents attached: 0 Public Hearinq: No Financial Information: ~ Capital Expenditure Bid Required? Yes In Current Year Budqet? Yes Budget Adiustment: Yes Budqet Adiustment Comments: See Summary Section Current Year Cost: $0.00 Annual Operatinq Cost: $0.00 Appropriation Code(s) 315-92557-563700-541-000 Amount Comments Review Approval Michael Guillen Garry Brumback 04-09-2004 14:55:07 04-19-2004 12:39:23 04-27-2004 15:16:41 04-14-2004 11:36:49 04-27-2004 15:49:44 04-16-2004 14:33 :32 04-25-2004 09:43: 10 Brvan Ruff Bill Horne Georoe McKibben Cvnclie Gouclf'i'lu Tina Wilson ~', PWd.- Re~ ll.7 SUPPLEMENT NO.1 STATE OF FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FIN NO. 4148371 5401 LOCAL AGENCY PROGRAM SUPPLEMENT AL CONTRACT NO. AN 730 FORM 525-010-32 CONSTRUCTION 02/01 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Florida Department of Transportation and the City of Clearwater desire to supplement the Agreement entered into and executed on May 20, 2003 as identified above. All provisions in the basic Agreement remain in effect except as expressly modified by this Supplement. The changes to the Agreement are described as follows: Name: SR 60 at Damascus Traffic Signal Installation and Driveway Construction Length: N/A Termini: Description of Work: Project Includes the design and construction of traffic signals and driveway installations on SR 60/Courtney Campbell Causeway from east of Damascus Road to west of the Beach Driveway. The Project also includes innerduct to connect computerized traffic signal at Bayshore Boulevard. Reason for Supplement: Additional funds needed to cover the contract cost of the low bidder for the project. TYPE OF WORK FUNDING (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) PREVIOUS PROJECT ADDITIONAL CURRENT TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL PROJECT PROJECT TOTAL AGENCY FUNDS FEDERAL ANO STATE FUNDS FUNDS FUNDS FUNDS P.E. a. Agency Work 79.160.00 0.00 79,160.00 79.160.00 0.00 b. Other c. Department Services d. Total PE Cost (a+b+c) Right-of-Way e. Agency Work f. Other g. Department Services h. Total RIW Cost (e+f+g) Construction i. Contract 262.800.00 278,568.93 541.368.93 101.761.93 439,607.00 j. Other k. Other I. Other m. Total Contract Costs (i+j+k+l) Construction Engineering n. Agency o. Other p. Department Forces q. Total Construction Engineering (n+o+p) r. Total Construction Cost 262,800.00 278,568.93 541,368.93 101,761.93 439,607.00 (m+q) s. TOTAL COST OF 341,960.00 278,568.93 620,528.93 180,921.93 439,607.00 PROJECT (d+h+r) IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused these presents to be executed the day and year first above written. CITY OF CLEARWATER STATE OF FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION By: Brian J. Aungst Mayor -Commissioner By: Donald J. Skelton, P.E. Director of Transportation Development Attest: Tille: Attest: : Title: As to form: As to form: Attorney District Attorney See attached Encumbrance Fonn for date of funding approval by Comptroller. 1 \. g ater City Council pL03 A enda Cover Memorandum Trackinq Number: 543 Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subiect 1 Recommendation: Approve the final plat for "Treetops at Druid Road", located at 2525 Druid Road, Summary: * Property to be platted includes part of Lot 3, Sever park and a 0.422 acre unplatted parcel. * 10 townhome lots are proposed on approximately 3.35 acre parcel. * A previously platted 20-foot right-of-way easement located near the west end of the subject property that provides access from Druid Road to South Gate Moblie Home park will be retained * The plat was reviewed by the Development Review Committee on September 18, 2003 and was approved by the Community Development Board on December 16, 2003. Originating: Engineering Section Consent Agenda Cateqorv: Plat Files Number of electronic documents attached: 1 Public Hearinq: No Financial Information: Review Approval Glen Bnhnir.k 04-13- 2004 13:34:01 Cvndie Goudeau 04-27-2004 15:50:34 Michael Ouillen 04-13-2004 13:36:31 Garrv Brumback 04-25-2004 09:41: 17 Frank Gerlock 04-22-2004 15:41:35 Bill Horne 04-27-2004 15:16:05 '~~I~.I NORTH Scale 1" = 100' Location Map Scale 1"= 1 ,200' o ; ; : ~~m [ '\ . ~- 'X''\ ~ // > ~~ ~~(~)))L/~ ~~ ~~I ~a IF] ~r~i[ ~c,~- Il 'Jf(~ ~,>> s 0 BAsrOM WAY g c:::::J ~~ 0 ~ B II b.r ~lb \ SEV>LLE BLVD -Jl rJ ~ ~.J/ ,......DR.] z~l~ ~ -----"l "\ (IJ DL JL ~ /.J , ~ GROVSWOOO ~ RD 8 ~ PO L: '. - ) ? / .. ,I ,,'---',1. '~D' i I ,{-.i (L ":. " y/ I~ .S.TCHA.RLES~ 0,'.." ..- I ~ ~u..i ~~d~.'~." '~Iclrl~ DDb~..-. lo~ ------.J..._ ~c___. \'V_~Jlil ,:!, 8 5U@L I"'Lj~ J~ U~J' I ~ C=-/A. ~" _ 1 1~~HARN -----~::-'-~1~'Z~ ~I ~RE:)TWQ9~_~_~.'DR ~~~ : ~_=-~~:::~~~~~l{ lias MABER':;'-MM _ ~,. ">~~ ~- ILLr __ ~ 131 '. . . /~..... / ! ~M'WC'N"::::C;-) I 7 ~N~;SL,:';ORNE~R--~~~~~;';~;;;;./_"__- j~ll~r i~I_____ ,_ ( c:::::.:.:...--i"r r"f' I;' >",_._~U~L....JO'I,_ rCURIIS~~_DR N ~. l;fi :cJ (a( /_/--<~,~ -- s-~ I I --1 60 :3 \~ \;JIJ City of Clearwater, Florida Public Works Administration/Engineering Date Grid# 04/12/04 2998 S.D FINAL PLAT: Treetops at Druid Townhomes Sec-Twn-Rng 18-29S-16E Drawn By Checked By SD ,\. , City Council Cover Memorandum C vvL Tracking Number: 584 Actual Date: Subject 1 Recommendation: Authorize the use of $20,000 of retained earnings to fund the Clearwater All-American City Award delegation's room, board, registration, and other expenses at the 2004 All-American City Awards in Atlanta, GA. Summary: The City of Clearwater has been named a finalist for the 2004 All-American City Awards. The city wishes to send a delegation of 18 staff and citizens to Atlanta, GA to compete with 30 other cities around the nation to become one of 10 cities in 2004 to be named an All-American City. We have identified the need for a maximum of $20,000 to fund the trip for these 18 individuals with any remaining funds being returned to retained earnings. A third quarter budget amendment will allocate $20,000 from retained earnings to provide funding for related costs. Originating: City Manager Section: Other items on City Manager Reports Category: Other Financial Information: ~ Other Review Approval Tina Wilson 04-29-2004 16:03:24 Raloh Stone 04-30-2004 10:38:20 Raloh Stone 04-30-2004 10:48:58 1\.10 u..., oeLSI o Appointment Worksheet 05/06/2004 2,725 For Council Meeting: Agenda Number: :>0- J- o Brownfields Advisory Board TERM: 4 years APPOINTED BY: City Council RESIDENCY REQUIREMENT Special Qualifications FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: Not Required STAFF LIAISON: Diane Hufford - Economic Development MEMBERS: 9 CHAIRPERSON Brian Flaherty MEETING DATES: As Called MEETING PLACE: Determined when called APPTS. NEEDED: 3 SPECIAL QUALIFICATIONS Three members will be Clearwater residents who live within or adjacent to the Brownfields Area; Three members will be owners or representatives of businesses operating in the Brownfields area and need not be residents of Clearwater; Three members will be representatives of federal or state agencies or local governments involved with the Brownfields remediation process within Pinellas County and need not be Clearwater residents THE FOLLOWING ADVISORY BOARD MEMBER(S) HAVE TERMS WHICH EXPIRE AND NOW REQUIRE EITHE REAPPOINTMENT FOR A NEW TERM OR REPLACEMENT BY A NEW APPOINTEE. Term Expires: 05/31/2008 Name Appointment Date Attendance Record Reappointment? No No No Mary Miller (2nd Term) - Resi 06/04/1998 Garv Grav (2nd Term) - Busin Ofi/04/1c}c}R Steohen Fowler (2nd Term) - J 06/04/1998 THE FOLLOWING NAMES ARE BEING SUBMITTED FOR CONSIDERATION TO FILL THE ABOVE VACANCIES Name-Address Comments - Related Experience. Etc. Wallace Smith - Resident Utility Supervisor 1375 Tioga Ave., 33755 Chris Rattray - Business Owner or Mortgage Lender 2974 Countrywoods Lane, Palm Harbor, FL 34683 D. Michael Flanery - Agency or Go Professional Engineer 1836 Venetian Point Dr., 33755-1752 .' RECEIVED MAR 08 2004 OFFICIAL RECORDS AND CITY OF CLEARWATER - APPLICATION FOR ADVISORJj~I~~'()SRVCS DEPT (must be Clearwater resident) Name: Wallace Smith 1375 Tioqa Avenue Office Address: N/A Home Address: Clearwater ZiD 33755 ZiD Telephone: (727) 446 - 0 79 2 Telephone: How long a resident of Clearwater? February 1964 (40 Years) Occupation: utility Supervisor Employer: Pinellas County (utilities) Field of Education: Other Work Experience: General Education If retired, former occupation: Community Activities: Church Life Membership NAACP Yes (Retired) January 1997 (New Zion Missionary Baptist) - Member CMA of North Greenwood Other Interests: Exalted Ruler (Elk) I.B.P.O. of w. Board Service (current and past): CMA - Chaplain Board Preference: Brownfield Advisory Board As A Resident Additional Comments: Signed:uJ ~ ~ Date: ~~ - ~k ~ ~ If See attached list for boards that require Financial Disclosure at time of appointment. Please return this application & board questionnaire for each board listed to: City Clerk's Department, P. O. Box 4748, Clearwater, FL 33758-4748 or drop off at City Hall, 2nd Floor, 112 S. Osceola Avenue BOARD QUESTIONNAIRE 1. What is your understanding of the board's duties and responsibilities? I will be a representative for the community on issues pertaining to Brownfields. Any issues of the community will be nresented to the board at meetings. 2. Have you ever observed a board meeting either in person or on C-View the City's TV station? ' No. I have observed Pinellas County Board and City Commissioners both in person and on TV. 3. What Qackground and/or qualifications do you have that you feel would qualify you to serve on this Board? Earlv in life, I worked in the public sector on Southern Airway's base in Georgia as a waiter/bartender/cook; there I broaden my experience. I enriched my qualification throu9h the qovernment of Pinellas County over a period of 4 3~ v~ars startinq as ,a Ma~Dtenance II and worked my way to . Y1l0 you want to serve on thIs BOard? utili ty Supervisor. With my varied experiences, I feel I would be a valuable asset to the decisions necessary for the people of this area. Name: (;)~) ~ Board Name: Brownfield Advisory Board " ~ (must be Clearwater resident) t:~/iJ" t!-,4y Home Address: ~ ~'Z/:rI~p{:;; Telephone: 7..2;. ?22 ~ 77/'i" How long a resident of Clearwater? ,"---_OQC.1lPa1iOll:..dlU/,ltu,,,.- /fh.2ck-/ Field of Education: - 4ld1h,t,A-t 8.# 6~24t&" d~".u'{"-'II',J~- RECEIVED FEB 1 7 2004 CITY OF CLEARWATER - APPLICATION FOR ADVISORY BOARDS OFFICIAL RECORDS AND tEG/SLATlVE SRVCS DEPT Name: Office Address: ~/~ t5:. ~yr~~ _~V'e &,~'&;;M/~k ?1 Zio..JI375't Telephone: 7~}- ~ ~ /- Y'v 9 t,I ___ _ ~__ Empl~~(: ~b hG .d/P/qt?,,P __., - - / Other Work Experience: L?dv'/&4t'r r , If retired, former occupation: Community Activities: Other Interests: Board Service (current and past): Board Preference: Additional Comments: Signed: ~ ~ Date: /~.6 /~ PlO(l~ See attached list for boards that require Financial Disclosure at time of appointment. Please return this application & board questionnaire for each board listed to: City Clerk's Department, P. O. Box 4748, Clearwater, FL 33758-4748 or drop off at City Hall, 2nd Floor, 112 S. Osceola Avenue BOARD QUESTIONNAIRE 1. What is your understanding of the board's duties and responsibilities? ~c.//'t!' ~ l / /d v" '/tp ~ ~ ~ ~/?7 i!" /Z Q"'~:hd/L J 70 #~ /'d/??/f:h//./,,'t,),v /e',d'~ r0~!, J'/k /p~~,6 d~/Re ./?/~,1; . -<-.- --<_________4,~H~~Y_Q.~e.Y~r oJ?~~Q'.ed a_QQ~!:(t!!l~~ti'l9 eith~!:.il!.P~!~P!1_.~"!. 9.-:Yiew, t~~9ity's . . TV station? .. -- ~---<---.----------~-----,~- - , yt!'f 3. What background and/or qualifications do you have that you feel would qualify you to serve on this Board? (JJ?vl'k~~J d/ cg~~'/~/"IIt/ 'o/pp.ot!'~h~ ,,. , //1 l~ n~(:.f/t:/ l' U-~a,. a".~hn. p'/, 4. Why do you want to serve on this Board? /jO{/~ (/p ~//J}~:h(;'Ii/ t'IJ/Jr ,,1t:::V77/ , , 4/"/tf' )//,?,/(f'/?~ ~ ~ehpb ~VQ,i,///77~/7/r. Name: t!A,./.f A?:; # ,r iL ~ Board Name: tJ-ru'-/l hi:P/clf ./~/.lc.l/Y ~ o~ r/ -~,. \' CITY OF CLEARWATER - APPLICATION FOR ADVISORY BOARDS (must be Clearwater resident) Name: D. m ;-c..~ac...1 Ejaner,Y Home Address: 1,83" l)eV)et U~ ~ ~o ,;"t ])..... C l-earw-qtC2..r ,);.L Zip 33?S5" Telephone: 72.. 7 ~ ~I '/ 2 - 3 ~ 2. L.j How long a resident of Clearwater? c1 J ye" r..s Occupation:'Pr-o.fess, Hl ~ t E "'l(h e~('" Field of Education: en~'i"'~'fV';~1 (Cl~V\ I ~ tNVIYQ",~..J:lf) 'P"tbli\. ttea (+J, ,Stol ~r u b;. '" / Yh a ,., a 7~ V1rc'- f If retired, former occupation: Community Activities: 1Joarcf .fb ~'" wood (0 n.Y'n II. n:-J7 fktil if-L 1bJ\)\uc.-<. eel? N,-;7 ~Lchhjt., / Ad VtJtVy LtI WI "", ffpe cJ jjru w"".f,,~ {i J A-JvtJ Qt ~ 7J D a rei f ...,. Other Interests: Office Address: Board Service (current and past): .,. A Co;' 'Ix Dwn -h ~i 'Is Ulli) r r, ~"a..,..q , (a s r::PepJ- 0 I *~)J L, rt.'frP~"I. f-/ve) Board Preference:- .env;ro/H1?Pl7f41 A-Jvolvr ~Of}r{ Additional Comments: Si9~~ Date: a v..y 2.!" u-o / See attached list for boards tha require Financial Disclosure at time of appointment. Please return this application & board questionnaire for each board listed to: City Clerk's Department, P. O. Box 4748, Clearwater, FL 33758-4748 or drop off at City Hall, 2nd Floor, 112 S. Osceola Avenue ..~ BOARD QUESTIONNAIRE 1. What is your understanding of the board's duties and responsibilities? <P('()JLi{e ,,",,,,- S\ yhf- ~knowlt'.'-,a. ~ (a mmljS~i..... -I'D b~/aJ-J/.e- i "ph>rn;2~ (l:}ppO""74,,,7tie~ -t'v., C/eQYWll!e,.... rc.~e....dl'''', f>hVlrOl1mu./al c.OhreY"J1~) .3.1 I-j,~'r '("'(!.../~fe. h ~j l c/; ... .J-j t; €A ~ Itfy (j po I;f ~ J:H(J; ~c.SS . , ,~ rec:..r-ea-\-fS,",,\ &h.t.l. h~a I-I-h 2. Have you ever observed a board meeting either in person or on C-View, the City's TV station? '.l(~ 3. What background and/or qualifications do you have that you feel would qualify you to serve on this Board? - II <{t':' aL Chci,( ~"'11";(,,"') 'P'ht lfaJ (O~k~ WZl.J-er J}"Jk>^- . - 2..1 ~ ( ~ 11 f 1f,,~ ~ aJ to. t(1J.. D-~!,I- (a. ,Shk ~Y"'tl)1 Or,.,lIVl, W~f~r, s,p+"'l1"t:fh~S....~I.UIj;hvhltl, pOt)I~ 1(( C 1"(' a f, 0 n d I wa-h-II~. V.... J erq rdf4 "J ..5-tOYtiIJr fzt "k.5~ J.)~a ).I../,~ I3e qc/' eJ/ B Y'owh-F, -eJ d..s.,. d i J ~J j.,....... yej. f' D"hJ-t.,. P f.t b ) l\L J-J e 8 144, t: ~I tiJH"/ OJ(r~ 4. Why do you want to serve on this Board? 7- 'rf> Cf'.. 1/ ~ WI?k r/-e.. d. p'" e.J (''1 ; q, 1-/0 "" +r, .J Le. /;- J:J B (t"o{, a. Nt} 'lJ Jha/.J-hy~ea.cJuJ 8n.-J .J-h.. Y'tChl..~f:(ilta I) Ctj~ 6J (O"U+h1i (Qlf,f~'1 (C(q,X",,,,!) .1 reif/~~ee/ ..fl",) ~j d re..5Lt If "i )'),'1 rRlkr '-tn~7k~ work. eypel'l (>;,("-( , a h d ,-;;;rrtJf J" a wllr ra I? ?~ o!- s eJ(!IJ'f['.f( i. ~ At{ heq 11-4 '15IJ~>l ! /7J~'t be. ~'IL -J..o provl..d't v~/u~6/~ 1100, I? "'- ~ ti. ,"",oSJ'l Ja 1-. Name:1), VYl d.. h a Co I 't: (a., e ry Board Name: E tl vi (0 ~nw...;.? J ( , \. H City Council _=l~~t~,!!"da= C~~er ~"~,~~ral"!,~,~_'!1 CAl Tracking Number: 505 Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subiect / Recommendation: Request for Authority to institute a civil action against Equibore of America, Inc., to recover $7,436.90 for damage to City property. Summary: In November of 2002, employees of Equibore of America, Inc. were installing a cable line and bored into the side of a City sewer line. This was not discovered until approximately June 27, 2003, when the City was notified of a sewer backup at the Regal Motel at 1320 Cleveland. The City crew dug up the sewer and found that a cable had penetrated the sewer line causing the backup. The contractor did not use safe and adequate methods to determine the estimated location of the underground sewer line, based on accepted engineering and construction practices. The incident caused damage to the City's sewer line resulting in damages in the amount of $7,436.90. The Legal Department requests authority to bring a legal action against Harris-McBurney Company to recover the moneys owed to the City for the aforesaid property damage. Originating: City Attorney Section City Attorney Category: Other Number of electronic documents attached: 0 Public Hearing: No Financial Information: Tvoe: Other Bid Reauired? No Bid ExceDtions: Less than $2,500 In Current Year Budaet? Yes Budaet Adjustment: No Current Year Cost: $0.00 City Council ~,_~9!.l!da Cover ~emoral!~!I_m ~,~___ Annual Ooeratinq Cost: $0.00 For Fiscal Year: 10/01/2003 to 09/30/2004 Total Cost: $0.00 Review Aooroval Pam Akin 03-29-2004 15:07:24 Cvndie Goudeau 04-26-2004 13: 15:38 , I L_ I \\.\':).. ~ Clearwater ~~ ~ City Council Agenda Cover Memorandum CA~ Trackina Number: 553 Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subject 1 Recommendation: Request for Authority to institute a civil action against Professional Services Industries, Inc. to recover $4,450.54 for damage to City property. Summary: On September 18, 2000, employees of Professional Services Industries, Inc. hit a gas line in the vicinity of Ulmerton Road and 130th Avenue, Largo, Florida. The contractor did not use safe and adequate methods to determine the estimated location of the underground gas facilities, based on accepted engineering and construction practices. The incident caused damage to the City's gas line and loss of gas, resulting in required repairs in the amount of $4,450.54. The legal Department requests authority to bring a legal action against Professional Services Industries, Inc. to recover the moneys owed to the City for the aforesaid property damage. Originating: City Attorney Section Consent Agenda Cateaory: Other Public Hearina: No Financial Information: Type: Other Review ADproval Pam Akin 04-15-2004 15:34:05 Cvndie Goudeau 04-23-2004 13:14:54 11.13 Purchasing Memorandum City Commission OS!06!2004 Agenda Number: 2725 PiJf2.1. Agenda Item No: Type: Quantity: Requesting Dept: Parks and Recreation Using Dept: Parks and Recreation Purchase contract Bid Number or Code Exception: 2.564 (l)(d) - Pin. Cty. Co-op 00I-0518B Vendorlnfo: Smith Industries, Inc., d.b.a. Smith Fence, Clearwater, Florida Description: Fencing material and lllstallation during the contract period: May 22, 2004 through May 31, 2005. Comments: To be utilized throughout the City to support capital improvement projects and emergency requirements. Amount: $ 200,000.00 Appropriation Code(s): 315-93262-563500-572-000 Comments: To be charged to various projects when used. ~ Clearwater City Council FDl ~j~~~:~:;~~{:~:=::E:~~ Agenda Cover Memorandum Trackinq Number: 526 Actual Date: 05/06/2004 Subiect 1 Recommendation: Pass on first reading Ordinance No. 7292-04 which pertains to the City of Clearwater Firefighters Supplemental Trust Fund to permit a change in the Plan's investment policy to allow a "BBB" or higher ranking by a major rating service for any bonds invested in by the Plan. Summary: . The Clearwater Firefighters' Supplemental Trust Fund is the recipient of monies obtained by the State of Florida from insurance companies doing business within the community. A Board of Trustees, solely responsible for administration of the trust fund, manages these monies with the aid of investment and legal professionals. . Because of the lump sum payout provision of the Plan, the investment strategy includes significant allocation of Plan assets in fixed income investments. . The current investment policy of the Plan limits investments in Bonds to those that carry an "A" rating or better. . At its most recent quarterly meeting the Board of Trustees was requested by it's primary portfolio manager and investment consultant to consider changes in its investment policy to permit the manager to allow for investment grade bonds of a "BBB" rating. . The specific recommendation reviewed the risk/return characteristics of BBB bonds, which are considered a large source of value added in a high quality portfolio. This is consistent with the Plans Target Index of Return, made up of the Merrill Lynch Domestic Master Bond Index, which holds 11.5% of BBB Bonds. . Accompanying this change is a requirement in the Supplemental Trust Fund Investment Policy that the average credit quality of the entire bond portfolio remain at an "A" or better rating. . The Board of Trustees subsequently approved the recommendation and is requesting amendment to the Ordinance as indicated above. Oriqinatinq: Fire and Rescue Department Section Other items on City Manager Reports Cateqorv: Code Amendments - All Number of electronic documents attached: 1 Financial Information: ~ Other Review Approval Rowlilnrl Hpralrl 04-02-2004 14:46:44 Garrv Brumback 04-19-2004 16:08:05 Rnh SIJrpttp 04-02-2004 15:02:26 Bill Horne 04-25-2004 22:22:22 I 2 · I ~.Clearwater v Cyndie Goudeau City Council Agenda Cover Memorandum 04-26-2004 10:52:00 ORDINANCE NO. 7292-04 AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF CLEARWATER, FLORIDA, RELATING TO THE CITY OF CLEARWATER FIREFIGHTERS' SUPPLEMENTAL TRUST FUND; AMENDING THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES' POWERS AND DUTIES IN SECTION 2.444(b)3., CODE OF ORDINANCES, TO CHANGE THE RATING OF THE DEBT SECURITIES INTO WHICH THE FUND CAN BE INVESTED OR REINVESTED; AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE. BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CLEARWATER, FLORIDA: Section 1. Section 2.444, subsection (b)(3), Clearwater Code of Ordinances, is hereby amended to read as follows: Sec. 2.444. Same--Powers and duties. The duties and responsibilities of the board of trustees created pursuant to this subdivision shall include, but not necessarily be limited to the following: * * * * * (b) Invest and reinvest the assets of the fund in: 3. Stocks, commingled funds administered by national or state banks, mutual funds and bonds or other evidences of indebtedness. All individually held equity and debt securities and all equity and debt securities in a commingled or mutual fund must be issued or guaranteed by a corporation organized under the laws of the United States, any state or organized territory of the United States, or the District of Columbia, and each equity and debt security must be traded on a nationally recognized exchange. All debt securities shall hold a rating of "BBB" or hiqher classification as rated bv a maior ratinq service in one of the three highest c1ascifications by a major rating service, and if such investments are made in a pooled fund administered by a state or national bank or mutual fund, then the rating of each issue in the pooled fund shall hold a rating Ql "BBB" or hiqher classification as rated bv a maior ratinq service within the top three rating clascifications of a major rating service. No foreign investments shall be permitted whether owned individually or in a commingled or mutual fund, except to the extent permitted by Florida Statutes Chapter 175, as amended from time to time. Section 2. This ordinance shall take effect immediately upon adoption. Ordinance No. 7292-04 PASSED ON FIRST READING PASSED ON SECOND AND FINAL READING AND ADOPTED Approved as to form: Robert J. Surette Assistant City Attorney Brian J. Aungst Mayor Attest: Cynthia E. Goudeau City Clerk 2 Ordinance No. 7292-04 13.) City Council Cover Memorandum eft )5 Trackina Number: 585 Actual Date: Subiect / Recommendation: Adopt Resolution No. 04-11, supporting the consolidation of Pineilas Suncoast Transit Authority (PSTA) bus Route 80 with the route of the PSTA Suncoast Beach Trolly for the purpose of improving service to residents and visitors to Pinellas County beaches and the City of Clearawater and urging the PSTA Board of Directors to approve the consolidation of said routes. Originating: City Attorney Section: Other items on City Manager Reports Category: Code Amendments, Ordinances and Resolutions Number of electronic documents attached: 1 Public Hearing: No Financial Information: Review Aooroval Pam Akin 04-29-2004 15:09:09 RESOLUTION NO. 04-11 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CLEARWATER, FLORIDA SUPPORTING THE CONSOLIDATION OF PINELLAS SUNCOAST TRANSIT AUTHORITY (PSTA) BUS ROUTE 80 WITH THE ROUTE OF THE PSTA SUNCOAST BEACH TROLLY FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMPROVING SERVICE TO RESIDENTS AND VISITORS TO PINELLAS COUNTY BEACHES AND THE CITY OF CLEARWATER; URGING THE PSTA BOARD OF DIRECTORS TO APPROVE THE CONSOLIDATION OF SAID ROUTES. WHEREAS, the current schedule of PST A Route 80 includes gaps of as much as an hour between buses and reduced service on Sundays and Holidays, while the Suncoast Beach Trolley operates every half hour throughout the year with extended hours on Friday and Saturday; and WHEREAS, riders currently boarding Route 80 north of the roundabout must first travel to Belleair Bluffs City Hall before reaching Island Estates Plaza or downtown Clearwater, while riders of a consolidated route could simply take the northbound bus to Island Estates and use the southbound bus for the direct return trip; and WHEREAS, tourists and residents from southern Pinellas beaches must now transfer from the Suncoast Beach Trolley to Route 80 in order to reach Clearwater Beach and downtown Clearwater, costing them additional time and money; and WHEREAS, a consolidated route would improve the access of tourists to the attractions and amenities of Clearwater and Clearwater Beach, which could contribute to extended visitor stays and increased tourist expenditures in Pinellas County; and WHEREAS, Jolley Trolley Transportation of Clearwater, Inc. has indicated that the consolidation of PST A routes would not negatively impact their operations; now therefore, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CLEARWATER, FLORIDA: Section 1. The City Council supports the consolidation of PST A Route 80 and the Suncoast Beach Trolley as a cost-effective means to provide better service to the residents and visitors of Pinellas County. Section 2. This resolution shall take effect immediately upon adoption. PASSED AND ADOPTED this 6th day of May, 2004. Approved as to form: Brian J. Aungst Mayor Pamela K. Akin City Attorney Attest: Cynthia E. Goudeau City Clerk Resolution No. 04-11