RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE
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Master Plan
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RECLAIMED WATER
MASTER PLAN
UPDATE
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~ Clearwater
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October 1998
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Prepared By f. . "(J~
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RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION DESCRIPTION
PAGE NO.
EXECUTIVE SU M MARY .......................................................................... .... v
1.0 I NTRODUCTI ON . ............................... ................................. ......................... 1
1.1 Authorization... .... .................... ................... .............. ............. ......... ......... ...... 1
1.2 Background ......................... ......... .... ............... ....... .......... .......... ......... ......... 1
1.3 Scope of Work.............................................................................................. 2
1.3.1 Reclaimed Water Master Plan ........... ................ ............. ........... ....... ......3
1.3.2 Financial Planning.. ......... .... .... ............... ................. ... .... .........................4
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.4
EXISTI N G FA C I LITI ES ........................................ ................ ........................ 5
Reclaimed Water Supply...... ........................................................................5
Water Quality............................... ...... ............ ....... .............. ......... ....... ..........7
Storage, Pumping, and Piping ...................................................................... 8
Northeast Advanced Pollution Control Facility........................................ 8
Marshall Street Advanced Pollution Control Facility.............................. 10
Current Reclaimed Water Usage................................................................ 10
3.0 ALTERNATIVES FOR EXPANSION OF RECLAIMED
WATER SYSTEMS ...............................................................................12
3.1 General.. ........ ..... ......... ................ ...... ......... ............ ............... .............. ....... 12
3.2 City-Wide Distribution System ....................................................................13
3.3 Direct I Indirect Potable Supply Augmentation............................................ 14
3.4 Bulk Sales to Other Coal Governemnts ..................'....................................16
3.5 Analysis of Alternatives....................... ....... ... .......................... ... ......... ........ 17
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.3.5
4.4
4.5
URBAN REUSE SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ............................................18
Reclaimed Water System Supply ............................................................... 18
Projected Demands.................................................................................... 20
Prioritization of Service Areas.......... ................................ ...........................24
Cost of Construction. ....... ..................................................................... 24
Large Users .............. ..... ......... ........................ ............ .......................... 25
Proximity to Existing Infrastructure........ ....... ......... ................................ 27
Potable-Water Offset.... ................ ......... ...... ............. ............................ 27
Public Acceptance ..... ............. ....... ............. .................... ...................... 28
System Hydraulics. ............... ....................................,................................. 32
Storage Requirements.......... ...................................................................... 33
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of C/ealWater
Page I
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.)
SECTION DESCRIPTION
PAGE NO.
5.0 PROJ ECT DEVELOPM ENT ........ ....................... ....................... ....... .......... 35
5.1 General....................................................................................................... 35
5.2 System Development Alternatives.............................................................. 36
5.2.1 Alternative A ...... ............................................ ....................................... 37
5.2.2 Alternative B ............ ............................................................................. 38
5.3 Alternative A Implementation...................................................................... 39
5.3. 1 FY 1998-99 Projects............................................................................. 43
5.3.2 Marshall Street Pumping Capacity.... ........... ............ .............. .......... .....45
5.3.3 Intracoastal Waterway Pipeline Replacement....................................... 47
5.3.4 Del Oro Tank......... ."..............................................................................47
5.3.5 East Plant Pumping Facility..................................................................48
5.3.6 Palmetto Street Tank ............................................................................51
5.4 Timeline for System Expansion.................................................................. 53
5.5 Alternative B Implementation...................................................................... 56
6.0 OPINION OF PROBABLE CONSTRUCTION COST ................................. 60
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
FI NANCI NG PLAN ............... ....... ........... ................ ........ ............................ 62
Comparative Rates ......................... ........ ......................... ...........................62
Current City Rate Schedule ........................................................................64
Methodology for Estimating Potential Revenues......................................... 65
Rate Alternatives for Financing Reuse System (RAFRS) ........................... 66
Proposed Reclaimed Water Rates.............................................................. 67
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
City of Clearwater
Page Ii
October 1998
TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.)
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FIGURE
Figure 2-1
Figure 2-2
Figure 4-1
Figure 4-2
Figure 5-1
Figure 5-2
Figure 5-3
Figure 5-4
Figure 5-5
Figure 5-6
Figure 5-7
Figure 5-8
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Figure 5-9
TABLE
Table 2-1
Table 4-1
Table 4-2
Table 4-3
Table 5-1
Table 5-2
Table 5-3
Table 5-4
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Table 6-1
Table 6-2
Table 7-1
Table 7-2
Table 7-3
LIST OF FIGURES
DESCRIPTION
PAGE NO.
Wastewater Treatment & APC Facility Locations..................................... 6
Existing Reclaimed Water Users...... .......... ............ ................ ............. ..... 9
Projected Reclaimed Water Supply....... ..... .......... .......... ...... .... ..... ......... 19
Service Area Boundaries....................................................................... 22
Implementation Schedule...................................................................... 40
Implementation Schedule .......... .......... ............ .... .......... ...... .......... ........41
Schematic Piping Diagram 5 MG Storage and Pumping Facility
Northeast APC Facility...................................................................... 44
Pumping Capacity Expansion Marshall Street APC Facility Site ............ 46
Schematic Diagram Conversion of Existing Elevated Potable
Water Storage Tank to Reclaimed Water Storage ............................49
Schematic Piping Diagram Reclaimed Water Pumping Facility
East APC Facility.............................................................................. 50
Schematic Piping Diagram Palmetto Street Storage and
Pumping Facility .. ............................................................................ 52
Alternative A Projected System Demand to Current Reclaimed
Water Supply..... ....... ........ ....... ....... ......... ................... ..................... ...... 55
Alternative B Projected System Demand to Current Reclaimed
Water Supply.................................................................................... 58
LIST OF TABLES
DESCRIPTION
PAGE NO.
Average Daily Wastewater Flow............................................................. 5
Potential Demand Projection by Service Area....................................... 23
I rrigation Area....................................................................................... 26
Priority of Ranking by Service Area....................................................... 31
Alternative A - Service Area Development .............. ............... .......... .....37
Projected Development City-Wide Reclaimed Water System
Alternative A................................................................................. 42
Projected Timeline ................................................................................ 54
Project Development City-Wide Reclaimed Water System
Alternative B................................................................................. 57
Construction Cost Alternative A............................................................ 60
Construction Cost Alternative B ............................................................ 61
Reclaimed Water Rate Charges ........................................................... 63
City of Clearwater Reclaimed Water Rates........................................... 64
Proposed Reclaimed Water Rates City of Clearwater........................... 68
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page iii
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.)
APPENDICES
APPENDIX
DESCRIPTION
PAGE NO.
Appendix A
Priority Ranki ng Matrix ........ ........................... ..... ....................... A-1
Appendix 8
Wastewater Flows.................................................................. ..... 8-1
Marshall Street Wastewater Flow.................................................. 8-2
Northeast Wastewater Flow.......................................................... 8-3
East Wastewater Flow.................................................................. 8-4
Appendix C
Estimate of Construction Cost................................................... C-1
Appendix D
Summary of Projects and Service Area Maps .......................... D-1
Summary of Projects ............... .............. ............. ........................... 0-2
Service Area Maps
FiQure No.
Service Area 9 ..... .................. ..................... ............... ...... ....... ....... 0-1
Service Area 27 .... ........ ................... ...... .......... ............... ....... ........ 0-2
Service Area 1 ............................................................................... 0-3
Service Area 2 ............... ................ ................ ........................ ........ 0-4
Service Area 11 ............................................................................. 0-5
Service Area 7 ............................... ...... ........... ...................... ......... 0-6
Service Area 20 ............................................................................. 0-7
Service Area 4 ............................... ........ ................ ............... ......... 0-8
Service Area 5 ............................................................................... 0-9
Service Area 10 .................. ..... ........................... ................. ........ 0-10
Service Area 26 ........ ..... ......... ......... ..... ................................. ...... 0-11
Service Area 3 . .................. ...... ................... ...... ........................... 0-12
Service Area 17 ........................................................................... 0-13
Service Area 13 .... ........... ........... ................. ............ .................... 0-14
Service Area 21 ........................................................................... 0-15
Service Area 24 ........................................................................... 0-16
Service Area 6 ............................................................................. 0-17
Service Area 8 ............................................................................. 0-18
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Pageiv
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The City of Clearwater developed a Master Plan for a City-Wide Reclaimed Water System in
1990. This plan called for a 15-Year, $59 Million Implementation Plan highlighted by
transmission and distribution piping extending to all areas of the City. Since that time,
conditions have dictated that an update of the plan be completed. In 1997 , based on high
customer demand, the City initiated design and construction of a residential reclaimed water
system to Clearwater Beach and Island Estates. This project illustrated the need to develop a
more detailed Master Plan that accounts for the numerous factors that affect the cost
effectiveness of constructing an urban reclaimed water system. These factors include:
. Potential Offset of Potable Water Usage
. Available Alternative Irrigation Sources
. Cost of Infrastructure to Extend Service to Residential/Commercial Areas
. Public Acceptance
The City is under considerable pressure from the regulatory agencies to increase reclaimed
water usage. The City operates three (3) Advanced Wastewater Treatment Facilities (Marshall
Street, Northeast, and East) which treat and discharge up to 15.5 million gallons per day (MGD)
average daily flow of water which complies with all water quality criteria for use as Public
Access Reuse Water. Over the 2D-year planning period, it is estimated that reclaimed water
availability will increase to approximately 18 MGD (average daily flow). These facilities have an
ultimate capacity of 28.5 MGD.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page v
The bulk of this water is currently discharged to Tampa Bay and Clearwater Harbor under a
. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System(NPDES) permit issued by the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP). The
FDEP is targeting a 75% reduction in discharges of treated water to surface waters of the State.
The FDEP is requiring the City to reduce its discharges to comply with this goal. Further, the
Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) has been prompting the City to
expand reclaimed water to alleviate the pressures on potable water supplies in the region. The
SWFWMD is establishing goals for reclaimed water usage through the Water Use Permit
issued to the City for operation of its water supply.
For planning purposes, 27 potential reclaimed water service areas have been delineated within
the political boundary of the City. These areas have to be prioritized based on the factors
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outlined above. The areas identified as high priority for receiving reclaimed water include the
Beach areas and other western areas of the City as well as the extreme eastern area adjacent
to Tampa Bay.
This Master Plan Update outlines a prioritized list of projects to develop the infrastructure to
deliver up to 18.0 MGD of reclaimed water to residential, commercial, and recreation sites in
portions of Clearwater. The potential for usage of reclaimed water within a given service area
was based on the irrigation estimates assuming full participation by customers in those areas.
Using this approach, all areas of the City will not have access to the system since availability of
water is limited to the output of the three (3) treatment facilities (Marshall Street, Northeast, and
East).
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Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page vi
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The resulting 20-Year Development Plan shows reclaimed water to be targeted to the extreme
western and eastern areas of the City, followed by a development of infrastructure through the
Central corridor of the City, ultimately linking transmission pipelines from east and west. The
northern Countryside area of the City, which has a high number of existing shallow irrigation
wells, rates low in the priority listing due to apparent public acceptance factors. The Plan does
provide the basis for flexible implementation depending on future conditions that may change
the priorities. The transmission and distribution piping network method has been hydraulically
modeled to ensure a reasonable amount of flexibility as the development of the system unfolds.
The development of the 20-Year Build-Out Plan is estimated to cost up to $71 Million. This
assumes that the City maintains its full reclaimed water resources for distribution to City
Residents. An alternative scenario for the City is to sell reclaimed water to Pinellas County.
Negotiations continue with this scenario which could send up to 3.0 MGD to Pinellas County,
thereby reducing the reclaimed water resource available to City customers and reducing capital
costs of infrastructure construction. The cost for this scenario has been estimated at $64
Million. This scenario could also generate a small revenue stream for the City in the short term
since the utilization of the City's full 18.0 MGD of water is many years away.
The Master Plan development in terms of timing is based on the ability to finance this ambitious
plan. The City was successful in securing grant funding from the SWFWMD for the Island
Estates and Clearwater Beach Reclaimed Water System. Additionally, reclaimed water projects
planned in Fiscal Year (FY) 1998 - 1999, and FY 1999 - 2000 are receiving grant funding as
well.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page vii
This source of funding appears to be secure for the next five years as indicated to us by the
. staff and Board of the SWFWMD. The SWFWMD's current policy is to cooperatively fund 50%
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of the cost of transmission, storage, and pumping facilities for reclaimed water projects.
Typically, the local government unit must pay the full cost of distribution pipelines.
With this guidance, it is estimated that of the $70 Million implementation cost, it is reasonable to
plan for grant funding to be secured for approximately $16 Million. The City has adopted a
reclaimed water rate schedule as part of the Island Estates Reclaimed Water System that
establishes monthly availability and u.sage charges. A rate schedule revision is being proposed
to provide a City-wide uniform rate schedule that is market competitive. Full capitalization of
the system will require that the water and sewer funds be used to supplement the revenues
generated through the reclaimed water charges. The proposed rates are shown in the Table
below.
PROPOSED RECLAIMED WATER RATES
CITY OF CLEARWATER
Single family, duplex or triplex (per domestic water
account; however, if a duplex or triplex has separate
domestic water accounts for each dwelling unit, then
the appropriate charge shall be divided equally
among each account)
2. Multi-family
4 to 6 dwelling units
7 to 10 dwelling units
11 to 14 dwelling units
more than 14 dwelling units
3. Commercial/industrial
Less than or equal to 2 acres of pervious area
More than 2 acres of pervious area - metered
$12.00/month
$21.00/month
$30.00/month
$42.00/month
$20.00/ month
$35.00/ month
$50.00/ month
$70.00/ month
$9.00/month
$9.00/month
$15.00/month
$15.00/month +
$1.50/CCF over 10 CCF
$13.77/month
4. Open Space (per acre of "pervious area,- as defined
in Section 32.352)
These rates shall be reviewed annually and revised as necessary to recover the capital outlay, operating,
administrative, billing and maintenance costs of the reclaimed water system in a fair and equitable
manner.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page viii
. These proposed rates provide a more appropriate distribution of costs to all residents of the
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City, since the benefit for the City as a whole is in (1) reducing potable water dependency, (2)
reducing the discharges of effluent to the adjacent surface waters, and (3) achieving
compliance with regulatory requirements to maximize reclaimed water usage.
City of Clearwater
Page ix
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1
Authorization
McKim and Creed, P.A. has been retained by the City of Clearwater to provide engineering and
financial planning services in the preparation of an updated Master Water Reuse Plan for the
City and to investigate and recommend alternatives for improvements to the City's potable
water supply, treatment and distribution systems. Since it is recognized that potable water and
reclaimed water are interrelated resources, the City has directed McKim & Creed to study both
of these resources in this effort. This report provides the findings and conclusions related to
the continued expansion of the City's reclaimed water master system. The evaluation of
alternatives for the potable water supply is contained in a separate document, "Study of Potable
Water Supply Alternatives and Distribution System Evaluation", with appropriate references
provided in this report.
1.2
Background
The engineering services performed under this agreement were to review and update the City's
Reclaimed Water Master Plan (Master Plan) which was completed in May of 1990. The Master
Plan identified a 15 year $59 million implementation strategy. The plan was to be implemented
in three (3) phases. Development of a Reclaimed Water Master Plan is subject to many factors
including public interest/acceptance as well as the demand for the resource. Other
considerations specific to the Clearwater area include infrastructure that has been constructed
since the original Master Plan was completed and financial considerations such as construction
costs, rates and available funding sources.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992.0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 1
Some areas where interest has been expressed by the public and commercial development
. and where systems have been built since the Master Plan was completed were not identified as
initial phases of the original Master Plan. The existing Master Plan does not provide a clear
prioritization of areas to be served nor does it provide a sequence of development that could
logically be implemented; thus the need for an update to provide a guide for logical and cost
effective future system construction. This Master Plan Update is intended to assist the City in
complying with Florida Statutes which target 75% reclaimed water usage. Progress toward this
goal is reviewed by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection when considering
renewal of the City's operating permits for the three wastewater treatment facilities. Also, the
City's Water Use Permit issued by the Southwest Florida Water Management District
(SWFWMD) contains conditions requiring implementation of reclaimed water which this Master
Plan Update will aid in compliance.
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As the use of reclaimed water increases to offset use of the more valuable potable water and
as the City's supply and production of quality drinking water decline, the impacts on the public
water supply and the City operated water facilities were studied and are addressed in the
"Study of Potable Water Supply Alternatives and Distribution System Evaluation" which is the
complement to this report. The information presented in both documents will be useful to the
City in making critical decisions about the long-term supply of both potable and reclaimed water
to its residents.
1.3 Scope of Work
The City's agreement with McKim and Creed specifically identified the following scope of work
for this report:
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Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 2
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1.3.1 Reclaimed Water Master Plan
A.
Identify potential large reclaimed water customers by reviewing potable water
consumption records, reviewing land uses and discussion with City staff.
B. Identify and evaluate additional alternatives for beneficial use of reclaimed water.
C. Develop a priority ranking system based on factors including potential reclaimed water
usage quantity, proximity to existing facilities, land use, potential potable water offsets,
cost of extending facilities and indication of return on investment and probability of
resource usage.
D. Review and refine projected irrigation rates for identified priority sites.
E. Determine potable water offsets for the potential reclaimed water service areas.
F. Modify the existing Master Plan of infrastructure necessary to extend reclaimed water
service to targeted priority reclaimed water users.
G. Develop a prioritized list of projects which can be logically constructed based on current
facilities.
H. Develop budgetary costs of expanding the reclaimed projects based on the priority and
feasibility rankings. Adjust the rankings, if necessary, based on costs of construction
I. Perform preliminary hydraulic analysis of the major transmission facilities to determine
pipe sizing and pump station design requirements.
J. Develop preliminary pumping and storage facilities sizing and locations; examine storage
volumes and control strategies.
K. Develop an overall map of the City's existing reclaimed facilities and proposed facilities
construction.
L. Identify potential grant funding for eligible projects on the priority list and include the
impacts of grants in rate analysis.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
City of Clearwater
Page 3
October 1998
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1.3.2 Financial Planning
A.
Develop a funding, financing plan for reclaimed water facilities identified in the Master
Plan, including consideration of potential project phasing, sequencing and timing
alternatives through build out of the system.
B. Evaluate reclaimed water rate structure alternatives and develop a reclaimed water rate
structure that includes commercial and industrial rates that will meet the City's objectives.
C. Determine the impact of funding reclaimed water system improvements on the water and
wastewater rates due to:
1. offset of potable water usage and
2. allocation of reclaimed water system costs not recoverable under the previous
reclaimed water rates due to market pricing limitations, if any, to the water and
wastewater rates based upon benefit received by each system.
D. Determine "market" reclaimed water rates in the Tampa Bay area by update of a survey
of reclaimed rates in the Tampa Bay area which was conducted in 1994/95.
E. Refine the Rate Alternatives for Financing Reuse System (RAFRS) model to allow the
City to perform reclaimed water rate scenario analyses addressing the above factors.
F. Using the RAFRS model, develop a baseline scenario for reclaimed water rates and two
(2) alternative rate scenarios identified during the project with the City. Rate scenarios
will address:
1. variables in the rate structure such as inclusion/exclusion of up-front capital cost
recovery fees/assessment, use of cost based versus "market" driven reclaimed
water rates, alternatives regarding grant funding of transmission mains, etc., and
2. variables in the Master Plan such as project costs, phasing and sequencing
timing of implementation of projects, etc.
G. Train City staff in the use of the RAFRS model.
H. License the RAFRS model to the City for City use.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
City of Clearwater
Page 4
October 1998
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2.1 EXISTING FACILITIES
2.2
Reclaimed Water Supply
The supply for the reclaimed water currently being used in the City is generated at the
Northeast Advanced Pollution Control (APC) Facility and the Marshall Street APC Facility. A
third facility, the East APC Facility, is not presently a source of supply for reclaimed water use
outside of the plant site. The City of Clearwater owns and operates all three (3) facilities. The
locations of the City's three (3) wastewater treatment plants are shown in Figure 2-1.
The average daily flows (ADF) foro the three (3) treatment plants in 1997 and the plant
capacities are shown in the following Table:
Table 2-1
AVERAGE DAILY WASTEWATER FLOW
Marshall Street APC Facility 6.43
Northeast APC Facility 6.19
East APC Facility 2.92
TOTAL 15.54
The above chart indicates that the City has a supply of approximately 15.5 MGD presently
available for reclaimed water use.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 5
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2.2 Water Quality
Rules governing the use of reclaimed water for irrigation purposes are contained in the Florida
Administrative Code Chapter 17-610. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection
(FDEP) is the primary State agency which regulates and issues permits for reuse systems.
These rules define the degree of treatment required, and the extent of the monitoring of the
effluent being discharged at the plant as well as the receiving groundwater where reclaimed
water systems are in use.
The treatment provided by the City' at all three (3) water pollution control facilities includes
screening, grit removal, biological treatment including nutrient removal using the Bardenpho@
process, clarification, filtration and disinfection. Since the City's three (3) treatment plants
provide advanced wastewater treatment, the quality of the effluent meets or exceeds all
standards established by the State for public access reuse of the treatment plant effluent as
well as for discharge to Old Tampa Bay and Stevenson Creek. The City is presently in
compliance with all permit conditions based on our review of sampling results reported.
Water quality for residential reuse must be continuously monitored for turbidity and chlorine
residual. If quality standards are not being attained, flow must be diverted to either a back-up
disposal system or to storage at the plant for subsequent re-treatment. Modifications at the
City's Northeast APC Facility will be necessary to support full implementation of reclaimed
water.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of C/ealWater
Page 7
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2.3 Storage, Pumping, and Piping
The City's existing reclaimed water facilities and infrastructure are extremely limited at this time
and are located at and near the Northeast APC Facility and the Marshall Street APC Facility.
Figure 2-2 is a map which depicts the existing pipelines and areas which currently receive
reclaimed water. Presently the reclaimed water system is being extended to the Island Estates
area and limited sites on Clearwater Beach which will significantly increase reclaimed water use
in the City. The Island Estates system is expected to be activated in the latter part of 1998.
2.3.1 Northeast Advanced Pollution Control Facility
The existing reclaimed facilities at this plant consist of a 300,000 gallon concrete storage tank
and a pumping station with two 2,200 GPM vertical-turbine pumps. These pumps transfer
reclaimed water to two (2) lakes in the Countryside area through a 16-inch transmission main.
The reclaimed water is then re-pumped from the lakes by the landowner to the recreation areas
which utilize reclaimed water. Approximately 0.66 MGD of reclaimed water is pumped from the
Northeast APC Facility and reused.
A 3.75 MG open top concrete ground storage tank exists at the Northeast APC Facility which is
not presently being used. This investigation evaluated its potential use as either a reject storage
tank or a reclaimed water storage tank with the addition of a cover to prevent contamination
and algae growth.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 8
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2.3.2 Marshall Street Advanced Pollution Control Facility
Presently a small transfer pump station transfers approximately 225,000 GPO of reclaimed
water from the Marshall Street APC Facility to a lake at the Clearwater Country Club Golf
Course through a 30-inch main. The reclaimed water is then re-pumped from the lake for golf
course irrigation.
The reclaimed water facilities at the Marshall Street APC Facility are currently being expanded
to serve Island Estates and Clearwater Beach. The improvements being constructed include a
5.0 MG ground storage tank, expanded transfer pump station and a high-service pump station.
The new high-service pump station will include four (4) vertical turbine pumps which will
pressurize the system to approximately 75 pounds per square inch (psi). Two (2) 125HP
pumps will be capable of pumping 1,750 GPM each and two (2) 250HP pumps will have a
capacity of up to 3,500 GPM each. They will discharge through the existing 30-inch main
leaving the Marshall Street APC Facility.
A 20-inch transmission main is being constructed from the existing 30-inch pipeline to convey
reclaimed water to the, Clearwater Beach areas. The pipeline reduces to 16-inch prior to
crossing the Intracoastal Waterway. These pipelines are shown in Figure 2-2.
2.4 Current Reclaimed Water Usage
The areas presently using reclaimed water from the Northeast APC Facility are the Countryside
Golf Course, the Chi Chi Rodriguez Executive Golf Course, Driving Range at Countryside and
the City's Soccer Field Complex on McMullen Booth Road. The combined reclaimed water use
for the above facilities is approximately 660,000 GPO.
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The areas presently served by the Marshall Street APC Facility include Philip Jones Field and
the Clearwater Country Club Golf Course. The combined usage for these facilities is
approximately 225,000 GPD. The Marshall Street APC Facility will supply the reclaimed water
for the extension into Island Estates and Clearwater Beach. This expansion is expected to be in
service in late 1998. In addition to Island Estates, this system will also provide reclaimed water
service to Jack Russell Stadium, Coachman Park, the Memorial Causeway, Pier 60 Park, and
Rockaway Park. With this expansion of the system, the reclaimed water usage will increase
by approximately 1.9 MGD for a total reclaimed water usage from the Marshall Street APC
Facility in the 2.1 MGD range.
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City of Clearwater
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October 1998
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3.0 ALTERNATIVES FOR EXPANSION OF RECLAIMED WATER SYSTEMS
3.1
General
In addition to the technical and economic issues associated with the reuse and/or disposal of
reclaimed water, the City faces philosophical issues as well. Ultimately, the demand for
reclaimed water for irrigation and other non-potable uses, residential, commercial and industrial,
will exceed available supply.
Which neighborhoods will receive reclaimed water and which will be excluded? Will the goal be
to provide reclaimed water to as many citizens of Clearwater as possible or will the City pursue
other methods of disposal? For instance, other disposal methods which would also constitute
reuse of this resource include bulk sale of reclaimed water to other municipalities. Another
option may be to pump reclaimed water to the nearest potable water supply wellfield in the area
to recharge the aquifers. Still another method which has been discussed is discharge of
reclaimed water to Lake Tarpon from the Northeast APC Facility to assist in managing and
maintaining water levels and minimum flows, especially in the dry season. These alternatives
to a City-wide distribution system may be more economical but will reduce the number of City
residents who would have access to reclaimed water. These are some of the issues which the
City faces in mapping out a plan for future reuse and disposal of reclaimed water.
Three of the alternatives available to the City include:
1. City Wide Distribution System
2. Direct I Indirect Potable Supply Augmentation
3. Bulk Sales to Other Local Governments
These alternatives are briefly discussed in the following paragraphs.
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October 1998
City of Clearwater
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3.2 City-Wide Distribution System
The Reclaimed Water Master Plan completed in 1990 was based on the assumption that the
disposal of reclaimed water would be exclusively through developing a residential and
commercial customer reuse system.
The proposed plan included a complex distribution system, similar to a potable water
distribution system, which would transport reclaimed water to many areas of the City.
Residents would have reclaimed water available for irrigation and other non-potable uses.
This concept still appears to be the most favored method among regulatory agencies and other
municipalities around the State. It demonstrates an effort to comply with FDEP's goal of 75%
reuse and it meets permit conditions being incorporated into SWFWMD Water Use Permits
which require utilities to explore and develop reuse systems to offset potable water use. As this
is one of SWFWMD higher priorities, they are participating in the funding of the planning,
design, and construction of pumping and major transmission mains for these types of projects.
Many cities, counties, water authorities and private utility companies have installed or are
planning reclaimed water systems for residential and golf course irrigation and other non-
potable uses. In this regard, Clearwater is playing "catch-up" as reclaimed water use in the City
is limited at this time.
A City-wide distribution system has been master planned as part of this report. This is
considered a viable, popular, and accepted method of utilizing reclaimed water in compliance
with regulatory agency requirements. It allows City residents and businesses to use a valuable
resource for irrigation and other non-potable purposes. In addition, this method has gained
public acceptance over the years of use in surrounding areas. Several neighborhoods, schools,
and public agencies in Clearwater who were contacted during the data collection phase of this
. report have expressed their desire to receive reclaimed water.
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October 1998
City of Clearwater
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3.3. Direct I Indirect Potable Supply Augmentation
The direct or indirect use of treated effluent from wastewater treatment facilities to augment
potable water supplies is not yet practiced in the State of Florida. However, the City of Tampa,
in cooperation with the West Coast Regional Water Supply Authority (VVCRWSA) and the
SWFWMD, is currently working on the Tampa Water Resource Recovery Project. This project
includes the indirect potable reuse of purified water to augment drinking water supplies. In
particular, it is proposed that treated wastewater from Tampa's Howard F. Curren Advanced
Wastewater Treatment Plant be purified and then discharged into the Tampa Bypass Canal for
return to the potable water system thtough the Hillsborough River reservoir and Tampa's Water
Treatment Plant.1
The effluent utilized to augment potable water supplies must be highly treated. A supplemental
treatment is required in addition to the high level of treatment occurring at the City's existing
facilities. The additional treatment steps may include ultra-filtration, granular activated carbon
treatment, and ozone disinfection. The estimated capital cost for implementing such high level
treatment is $7.00 to $10.00 per gallon per day.
The operational costs would be on the order of $2.50 per 1,000 gallons. Therefore, for the City
of Clearwater's current reclaimed water flows of 15.5 MGD, the capital cost could range from
$108 million to $155 million. The benefit, financially, of such a move, would be the avoidance of
the cost to build a separate infrastructure to convey and distribute reclaimed water to the City of
Clearwater's residents for irrigation use only and the future costs of obtaining potable water
supplies.
1 Baird, B., Twachtmann, D., Waller, P. 1998. Ecosystem Team Permitting and Indirect Potable Reuse
Provide Environmental Benefits to the Tampa Bay Region. In: AWWAIWEF 1998 Water Reuse
Conference Proceedings, pp, 417-430, February 1-4,1998, Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Published by the
American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
ReclaImed Water Master Plan Update
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October 1998
City of Clearwater
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Capital costs aside, the most difficult task to overcome will be the public acceptance and
permitting of such a system. Gaining public acceptance and resolving all permitting issues to
begin the design and construction of such a facility will likely take five (5) years or more.
Another option is the recharging of existing potable water supply wellfields through aquifer
recharge. Additional treatment (e.g. purification) of the reclaimed water is expected prior to
introduction into a drinking water aquifer. Introduction of advanced treated wastewater into the
aquifer system could be accomplished via: (1) a created or natural wetland system, (2) shallow
well injection, (3) rapid infiltration basins (RIBs), and/or (4) lake systems. Several wellfields are
located in Northern Pinellas, Hillsborough and Pasco counties. Pumping facilities and a
pipeline could be constructed to pump reclaimed water to these wellfields to recharge the
aquifers. A conceptual estimate of engineering and construction costs to transport reclaimed
water to existing wellfields closest to the Northeast APC Facility is $14 million excluding right-of
way acquisition, if any, that may be required. It may be possible to include other governmental
entities to p.articipate in the cost of the transmission facilities.
The additional treatment facilities that may be required could be as high as $ 5.00 per gallon.
Therefore, the total capital cost of such a concept would range upwards of $ 90 million.
The National Research Council formed a committee in 1996 to evaluate issues associated with
indirect potable reuse of municipal wastewater. Their report, entitled Issues in Potable Reuse:
The Viabilitv of Auamentina Drinkina Water SUDDlies with Reclaimed Water (National Academy
Press, 1998) concluded that the planned use of reclaimed water to augment potable water
supplies to be a last resort when all other alternatives for non-potable reuse, water
conservation, and demand management have been exhausted 2.
2Crook, J. 1998. Findings of NRC Report on the Viability of Augmenting Drinking Water Supplies With
Reclaimed Water. In: AWWA/WEF 1998 Water Reuse Conference Proceedings, pp. 291-305, February 1-
4, 1998, Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Published by the American Water Works Association, Denver,
Colorado.
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City of Clearwater
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October 1998
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3.4 Bulk Sales to Other Local Governments
Another option for the disposal of reclaimed water is the sale of this commodity in bulk to other
potential users. These might include such jurisdictions as Pinellas County, the City of Safety
Harbor and possibly the City of Dunedin. Arrangements for such sales could be through inter-
local agreements similar to those used for the bulk sale of potable water. Pinellas County has
commitments to provide reclaimed water to users in the northern areas of the County and has
expressed an interest in receiving reclaimed water in bulk from the City's Northeast APC
Facility to aid in meeting the demand.
The City of Safety Harbor has an existing agreement for the treatment of its wastewater at the
Northeast APC Facility and has contributed to the capital cost of this facility as well as the
operation and maintenance costs. Although this avenue has not be explored in the past, there
could be interest on the City of Safety Harbor's part in receiving reclaimed water from the
. Northeast APC Facility. Bulk delivery to either Pinellas County or the City of Safety Harbor will
require storage and pumping facilities at the Northeast APC Facility and a transmission line to
the point of transfer. At an agreed upon location, the receiving entity could construct their
system for the distribution of reclaimed water. The cost of construction of the necessary piping
systems depends on the agreed location of transfer and is subject to negotiation of the details
of unit costs, system ownership, system operation and several other factors.
The City of Dunedin, to the north of Clearwater, has an existing reclaimed water system
constructed and continues to expand. Another possibility may exist with the City of Dunedin for
bulk sale to supplement their reclaimed water supply. The supply of reclaimed water for bulk
.
sale would most likely come from the Marshall Street APC Facility since it is closest to the City
of Dunedin. Additional pumping capabilities and a transmission main would be required in order
to deliver reclaimed water to the City of Dunedin.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of C/ealWater
Page 16
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3.5 Analysis of Alternatives
The issues associated with bulk sales can be more complex and time consuming since
agreements need to be negotiated and executed between several political jurisdictions.
Permitting and right-of-way acquisition can also be intricate and lengthy. In general, overall
project costs will be lower than the cost for constructing a City-wide distribution system since
the storage, pumping and piping needed to transport water in bulk would be significantly less
extensive.
The advantages of a city-wide system is that the City is in control of the entire project and can
accomplish the projects without interacting with other political jurisdictions. Also, the resource
would be maintained in Clearwater for the use of its residents. In dealing with the issue of
demand exceeding supply, the priority ranking system presented in this plan can be used to
identify areas where costs would be prohibitive to extend reclaimed water to certain locations.
The previous Master Plan balanced supply and demand by considering reclaimed water
systems in residential areas and open spaces only; excluding commercial and industrial areas
locations. That remains an option for the City to consider.
For the purposes of this Master Plan, two (2) alternative piping systems are developed. The first
considers that the full capacity of treated effluent will be utilized for City residents and will be
distributed to as much of the City as possible . The second system and area of service is based
on a reduction of flows assuming up to 3.0 MGD of treated effluent from the Northeast APC
Facility is delivered to Pinellas County. These two (2) system options are described more fully
in Section 5.0.
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October 1998
City of Clearwater
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4.0 URBAN REUSE SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
4.1
Reclaimed Water System Supply
The average daily flows (ADF) for the City of Clearwater's three (3) wastewater treatment plants
in 1997 were 6.43 MGD at Marshall Street APC Facility, 6.19 MGD at Northeast APC Facility
and 2.92 MGD at East APC Facility, for a combined total flow of 15.54 MGD. Therefore, it is
estimated that the City has a supply of approximately 15.5 MGD presently available for
reclaimed water use.
A trending analysis was performed for the three (3) wastewater treatment facilities to evaluate
future supplies of reclaimed water for planning purposes. The flows to the wastewater treatment
plants have increased over time at rates that vary for each facility. We have included in
Appendix A, a summary of the historical influent flow and projected flows. Figure 4-1 shows the
estimated combined flows for the facilities based on a straight-line projection of historical flows.
In reviewing the population growth trends for this area, it was noted that the trend in population
growth is somewhat less than would be indicated by the historical wastewater flow increases.
This can be attributed to the mature state of development of the City and the contiguous service
areas. For the purposes of planning reclaimed water system expansion, we determined that
the more conservative growth rate reflected in population estimates should be utilized to
estimate future increases in wastewater flows and, hence, reclaimed water supply. In this way,
system development can be based on a higher likelihood that reclaimed water will be available
to those areas where service is extended.
Should future flows increase at a higher rate than this methodology predicts, additional areas
can be programmed into the system expansion plans with relative ease.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 18
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CITY OF ClEARWATER - RECLAIM EO WATER SYSTEM MASTER PLAN 4-1
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Figure 4-1 illustrates the projection of flows based on the lower rate of growth projected by
population estimates. This alternative projection is used in this master planning effort. The
projection indicates that the City will have available up to 18.0 MGD of reclaimed water supply
in year 2020.
4.2 Projected Demands
In projecting total reclaimed water demands for the City of Clearwater, we consulted several
sources to determine an appropriate application rate for irrigation. The previous Master Plan
looked at application rates in Manate~ County, the City of St. Petersburg and City of Clearwater
lawn meter accounts existing at the time of the preparation of the plan in 1989/1990. The plan
also referred to the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension
Service which recommended that homeowners apply 1.0-inch per week on an annual average.
At the time of the original Master Plan, Manatee County's annual average rate was estimated to
be about 1.0-inch per week. The analysis of selected accounts on existing lawn meter routes in
the City of Clearwater revealed application rates ranging from 0.48 to 1.03 inches per week;
and records from St. Petersburg showed the application rate to be approximately 1.80 inches
per week.
Updated information from the City of St. Petersburg indicates that the application rate is now
estimated to be about 1.25 inches per week. Analysis of City of Clearwater lawn meter
accounts do not show significant differences from the analysis previously conducted. Irrigation
rates at the Countryside Golf Course and the Clearwater Country Club are averaging just under
1.0-inch per week. Therefore, for the purposes of estimating the potential demand for
reclaimed water in this Master Plan Update, we believe that the rate of 1.O-inch per week
developed in the original Master Plan is still valid.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
City of Clearwater
Page 20
October 1998
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The original Master Plan identified five (5) planning areas and three (3) phases for
implementation. To provide for greater flexibility and improved implementation planning, the
City was delineated into 27 service areas as part of this study. Areas currently served and
areas to receive reclaimed water as part of the Island Estates project are not included as part of
this implementation planning effort. Figure 4-2 is a map of the City showing the boundaries of
the delineated service areas. Potential usage of reclaimed water for all incorporated areas of
the City were determined based on the irrigable area and the estimated allowable irrigation rate
of 1.0-inch per week with the exception of Sand Key. Due to the cost of pipeline construction to
cross Clearwater Pass, the City and County have concluded that the County will extend
reclaimed water piping to Sand Key as part of the County's southern reclaimed water system.
Therefore, service to Sand Key is not included in this Master Plan Update.
Using the 1.0 inch per week application rate and taking into account all City incorporated land
area in the 27 service areas being studied plus Island Estates, the potential irrigation usage for
reclaimed water for the City is estimated to be 25 MGD if all homeowners irrigated lawns and
open spaces to the fullest extent practical.
This figure is significantly higher than the 16 MGD demand estimated in the original Master
Plan. The difference in the two (2) estimates is that the original Master Plan only considered
irrigating residential and open spaces such as parks and golf courses and did not intend on
irrigating the commercial and industrial customers of the City.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 21
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Table 4-1 is a summary of potential demand by service area. The actual demand for reclaimed
water will be limited to the amount available for consumption and the financing of system
expansion.
Table 4-1
POTENTIAL DEMAND PROJECTION
BY SERVICE AREA
1
2--
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
man
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1.1
0.94
0.36
0.68
0.93
1.06
1.35
0.68
0.41
0.85
0.64
1.2
0.85
0.53
0.93
2.97
0.77
0.99
1.03
0.79
0.41
0.76
0.61
0.55
0.65
0.89
0.15
23.08
TOTAL
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
City of Clearwater
Page 23
October 1998
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4.3 Prioritization of Service Areas
The development of a plan to prioritize reclaimed water system expansion must take into
consideration several factors. Among issues to be considered are the cost to construct each
project, proximity of the proposed service area to existing reclaimed water infrastructure,
acceptance of the project by the residents or business to be served, large users and the
potential of the project to reduce potable water usage.
The above issues have been used as criteria for developing a ranking system to prioritize
projects for construction. As stated" previously, the City has been delineated into 27 service
areas for the purposes of evaluating the most effective system expansion alternatives. Each of
the service areas was evaluated in relation to five (5) criteria below:
. Cost of Construction
. . Large Users
. Proximity to Existing Infrastructure
. Potable Water Offsets
. Public Acceptance
4.3.1 Cost of Construction
The factors considered in the cost of construction were the size of the service and the quantity
of pipe and materials required for installation. Also taken into consideration was the extent of
major transmission piping in the service area as those lines are eligible for SWFWMD funding
which mitigates their impact on the cost to the City for the service area.
Cost is also affected by the proximity to existing reclaimed water piping and the extent of
restoration required after the pipeline is installed in an area. For instance, downtown areas
. which have more existing underground utilities, less space to work and more extensive asphalt
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
City of Clearwater
Page 24
October 1998
.
and concrete restoration are more difficult and costly than areas that are more open. Areas
estimated to be more costly to service with reclaimed water received fewer points while areas
less costly to service received more points.
4.3.2 Large Users
A significant factor in ranking projects for implementation is the number of large users that are
expected in each service area. The advantage is that large quantities of reclaimed water can
be used at fewer locations. This is more economical than a large number of customers using
smaller volumes over a larger area: It is beneficial in the initial phases of the program to
identify and target the large users as economies of scale typically show that cost-per-foot of
pipe versus volume of water disposed favor the inclusion of large users. Potential large users
were identified in interviews during the data collection phase of this report. Also, a listing of all
. lawn meter accounts using 50 CCF (hundred cubic feet) per month (1,250 GPO) was provided
by the City's Utility Department and used to determine the locations of potential large users of
reclaimed water.
Table 4-2 shows a summary of irrigation usage for each service area based on lawn meter
accounts. For lawn meter customers, the number of large users in each service area was
identified.
The service area containing highest number of large users received the most points while those
with the lowest number of large users received fewer points.
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992.0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 25
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Table 4-2
IRRIGATION AREA
28-lsland Estates 13,549 10.135 337822
1 9,470 7.084 236119
Sand Key 7,310 5.468 182263
27 6,110 4.570 152343
9 5.590 4.181 139377
11 3;530 2.640 88015
18 2.890 2.162 72057
19 2,780 2.079 69315
21 2.170 1.623 54105
13 2,080 1.556 51861
12 1,600 1.197 39893
. 4 1,470 1.100 36652
6 1,410 1.055 35156
16 1,350 1.01 33660
2 1,280 0.957 31915
20 1,270 0.950 31665
17 1.250 0.935 31167
15 1,140 0.853 28424
7 1,040 0.778 25931
8 1,000 0.748 24933
10 920 0.688 22939
14 710 0.531 17703
3 670 0.501 16705
5 660 0.494 16456
26 600 0.449 14960
25 570 0.426 14212
24 480 0.359 11968
23 180 0.135 4488
. 22 167 0.125 4164
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update City of Clearwater
0992-0042 October 1998 Page 26
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4.3.3 Proximity to Existing Infrastructure
The ability to implement the reclaimed water program in an orderly, logical and economical
manner depends on expanding the system out from locations where infrastructure presently
exists. Expansions to the system are easier to construct, more economical and less disruptive
if they are extended out from existing reclaimed water pipelines. In this category, points were
assigned to each service area based on its distance from existing reclaimed water
infrastructure. Service areas where existing piping already exists received higher ratings.
4.3.4 Potable Water Offset
The potable water offset for each service area is a difficult one to assess with great accuracy.
We have looked at potable water usage in the City for customers who have recently added a
lawn meter for their irrigation usage. We analyzed the water consumption of 52 of these
customers for periods of time both before and after their lawn meters were installed. The
analysis indicates that these customers' metered use for domestic purposes was reduced 25%,
suggesting that their lawn irrigation usage averages 25% of the total water used. This gives an
indication of the reduction that might be expected in potable water usage when customers are
connected to the reclaimed water system. A figure which can not be quantified is the volume
of water used for irrigation by residents and businesses who are irrigating with their own wells
and what effect on potable water usage these customers will have once a reclaimed system
becomes available to them.
For developing a rating for potable water offsets, the primary factor used was the analysis of
present lawn meter usage in each service area. This is a volume of potable water that can be
quantified from meter readings and appears to be the most significant volume of potable water
that will be saved because the use of lawn meter water for irrigation will cease once a reclaimed
system is in place.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 27
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4.3.5 Public Acceptance
The public acceptance issue is another category which is very difficult to define and somewhat
subjective. Some strategies to help determine the public's acceptance of reclaimed water may
include: (a) surveying water customers, (b) speaking with businesses, public agencies, and
homeowner's groups, and (c) reviewing lawn meter records.
McKim & Creed personnel and City staff discussed sending out a survey to customers with their
monthly water bill to help determine potential users of reclaimed water. This presented
logistical problems as not all water customers are within the City limits and sending a survey
with the water bill would mean mailing a few thousand surveys unnecessarily. Therefore, a
survey would most likely have to be done with a separate mailing thus nullifying the savings of
sending the survey with the water bill. Based on past experiences, we believe that the
. response rate to a survey would be low and not an accurate sampling of public opinion.
.
McKim & Creed personnel spoke with representatives of several public agencies, businesses,
schools, and hospitals as well as a representative of the Homeowner's Coalition. The public
agencies included the City's Departments of Economic Development, Housing and Urban
Development and Parks & Recreation as well as the Pinellas County School Board and St.
Petersburg Junior College. Others included Clearwater Christian College, Morton Plant
Hospital (including affiliated facilities), and Columbia Clearwater Community Hospital. The
information provided by the representatives of these agencies and organizations helped to
identify neighborhoods where interest has been expressed in receiving reclaimed water.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 28
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The Parks and Recreation Department has expressed their desire to receive reclaimed water at
most parks and park facilities. The Pinellas County School Board indicated that they are
presently using reclaimed water in St. Petersburg and would most likely pursue using reclaimed
water in the Clearwater schools once agreements are developed and executed. The City's
Housing Authority presently owns seven (7) properties and some are suitable for reclaimed
water irrigation. Representatives of the Economic Development Department expressed a keen
interest in serving locations such as the Hercules Avenue industrial area as well as the
Brownfield area in the vicinity of Downtown Clearwater. It is believed that reclaimed water
offers an amenity which would attract businesses to those areas.
In a meeting with St. Petersburg Junior College officials, they indicated that they could use
reclaimed water as soon as it became available and were looking at installing additional water-
. supply wells or establishing lawn meter accounts in the interim.
.
Morton Plant Hospital has requested reclaimed water in the past and would also like to see a
system in their area as soon as possible.
Clearwater Christian College is presently installing irrigation piping throughout the campus.
They are using both potable water and wells for supply but indicated that they would be
receptive to using reclaimed water when it becomes available.
Representatives of the Homeowner's Coalition indicate that residential neighborhoods that have
actively petitioned for reclaimed water or have expressed interest include Harbor Oaks,
Coachman Ridge, Momingside and Del Oro Groves. The majority of those polled during the
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
City of Clearwater
Page 29
October 1998
data collection phase have expressed a strong interest in receiving reclaimed water when it
. becomes available. Experiences in other cities and counties throughout Florida and across the
country have been positive. Reclaimed water systems have gained popularity and acceptance
in areas where water resources are limited and water usage is restricted. There also seems to
be a correlation between interest in reclaimed water and the number of lawn meter accounts.
For example, residents of Island Estates were very proactive in pursuing a reclaimed water
system. Analysis of lawn meter records for residents in Island Estates indicates that they were
the largest users of irrigation water in the City.
Other neighborhoods which have expressed interest in receiving reclaimed water similarly show
high volumes of water for irrigation. The ranking for public acceptance was based on the above
factors.
.
A ranking matrix was utilized to systematically evaluate all of the factors influencing the
feasibility and desirability of extending reclaimed water to an area. The results of the rankings
are summarized in Table 4-3 and form the t>asis for prioritizing projects for implementation. A
detailed matrix of evaluation factors is included in Appendix A.
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 30
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.
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Table 4-3
PRIORITY OF RANKING BY SERVICE AREA
'iM SERVI3~j ....... .... ... TOTAL '.
"RAN .......'.mAREA ~ ..'.., SCORE .,..'
1 9 89
2 27 86
3 1 86
4 2 73
5 11 69
6 7 67
7 20 62
8 4 61
9 5 61
10 10 56
11 26 53.5
12 3 52
13 17 52
14 13 51
15 21 49
16 24 47
17 6 45.5
18 8 42
19 16 39
20 12 36
21 19 34.5
22 25 33
23 18 33
24 14 33
25 15 31
26 23 23.5
27 22 20.5
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 31
.
.
.
4.4 System Hydraulics
The development of a comprehensive Reclaimed Water Master Plan requires the evaluation
and conceptual design of the infrastructure and facilities required to meet the projected
demand. For this planning effort, we utilized computer modeling and simulation of significant
components of a City-wide reclaimed water distribution system. The demands and flows were
developed as outlined in Sections 4.1 and 4.2. The hydraulic model was utilized to developed
preliminary pipeline sizes and to determine pumping system capacity under peak demand
scenarios. The system average day demand was based on the estimated 18.0 MGD flow for
the year 2020. The peak flows modeled were 28.0 MGD. In determining the appropriate
peaking factor, we based the estimate on experience with similar facilities in this region serving
a mix of urban customers.
The City's current delivery of reclaimed water to golf courses/recreational sites is via relatively
low pressure. The current customers utilize their own pumping facilities to provide the
necessary pressure to distribute irrigation water through on-site irrigation systems. To operate
.
an urban reclaimed water system, the tranSmission and distribution systems must operate at
sufficient pressure to activate existing and new automatic irrigation systems used by residential,
commercial, and industrial customers.
In analyzing the needed pipe sizes and pumping facilities utilizing the computer simulated
system model, a targeted minimum pressure of 60 psi was established.
The transmission mains are interconnected in order to provide the minimum pipe sizes
necessary to meet the projected peak flows and minimum pressure requirements established.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 32
.
.
.
The proposed piping network was first sized to meet the projected flows for the year 2020.
Once the pipe sizes were determined for this build-out scenario, we evaluated each step in the
proposed phasing plan to ensure that the partially built transmission and distribution piping
system is adequately sized. Pipe sizes were adjusted as needed to meet the interim conditions
if system pressures were not sufficient at any point in the City-wide system development. Due
to the logical progression of the proposed phasing of system development, the situations that
require larger pipe sizes to meet interim conditions are minimal. The proposed pipe sizes for
the system development are depicted on the series of maps included in Section 5.0.
4.5 Storage Requirements
Unlike a potable water system where the peak demand occurs in the day time hours, a
reclaimed water system typically experiences peak demand during night time hours when large
volumes of water are used for lawn irrigation. This pattern of low flow during the day and large
flows overnight is one factor in evaluating the need for system storage capacity.
To evaluate the necessary storage from a diurnal flow pattern perspective, we have reviewed
the influent flow patterns for the three (3) wastewater treatment plants and the flow patterns of
reclaimed water systems already in operation.
Computer simulation was utilized to ensure that proposed system storage is adequate to
prevent water shortage during normal daily-peak usage. The volume of storage required in the
system at year 2020 build out of the system is 20 MG to maintain a one-day supply of
reclaimed water. A check of the simulation results indicated that this proposed capacity is
adequate.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 33
.
.'
.
The City has under construction a 5.0 MG ground storage tank at the Marshall Street APC
Facility which will serve to meet a portion of the total storage requirements. An additional 15
MGD of storage is planned as part of the modeling scenarios. These additional facilities are
incorporated in the projects proposed in Section 5.0.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 34
.
.
.
5.0
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
5.1
General
The phasing of projects for construction is based on the priority ranking of service areas and the
facilities needed, the volume of reclaimed water available to meet demands as the program
progresses and project costs versus available funding from SWFWMD and the City.
The proposed development plan presented in this Master Plan Update identifies 25 projects for
construction. By implementing these projects, the City can potentially utilize up to 17.0 MGD of
the reclaimed water available by the year 2020.
An accelerated implementation of the reclaimed water system may be possible. The limiting
factors used to establish a timeline on this preliminary implementation plan is financing. In the
1997-98 Capital Improvement Plan for the City of Clearwater, the City allocated a total of $14.6
million over the next six (6) years from both water and wastewater enterprise fund revenues to
support reclaimed water system expansion. At this rate of funding, the City can construct
approximately $2.5 million dollars of infrastructure each year with a portion of the financing
obtained from the SWFWMD's Cooperative Funding Program. The timeline, therefore, has
been established based on this level of financing through the year 2020.
An integral part of the Master Plan will be the evaluation of financing strategies and the
development of a comprehensive plan to finance the proposed systems. Concurrently, the
water and sewer rates will be evaluated to determine the long-term viability of the current
revenues supporting the capital requirements to develop and operate the reclaimed water
system. It should be noted that as reclaimed water usage causes a reduction in potable water
usage, the revenues generated from potable water sales at the current rate will be reduced.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 35
.
The final implementation plan will be revised as the financing strategies evolve with the
establishment of suitable water, sewer, and reclaimed water rates.
The project development plan outlined herein is intended to allow the City as much flexibility as
possible in its implementation. The proposed order of projects is based on the criteria
discussed previously. The factors are based on certain judgment decisions and the approach
that currently appears most logical. Some of these factors may change over time.
This Master Plan Update and the hydraulic modeling system developed provides a tool to allow
us to address quickly any proposed changes to the implementation strategy. Certain projects
can be accelerated in the time sequence with very little impact to the proposed layout. Other
projects may have significant costs to accelerate given the service area's location relative to
. existing infrastructure. Potential changes in cost must be evaluated more closely to determine
the appropriate scheduling and financing strategies. The information provided in this Master
Plan will facilitate these evaluations more readily than has previously been possible.
.
5.2 System Development Alternatives
Two (2) distinct alternatives are presented in this Master Plan Update for implementing urban
reclaimed water system expansion. The basis for these alternatives are described in the
following paragraphs.
Due to the flexibility inherent in the implementation strategy developed, there are various
scenarios which could be considered. Certain variations will be required dependent on
decisions made regarding the bulk sale of reclaimed water to discussed in the previous section,
. there are several reasonable efficient variations of the two (2) alternatives outlined herein.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 36
.
.
.
5.2.1 Alternative A
Alternative A is based on the assumption that the City of Clearwater will utilize the full reclaimed
water supply available from the three (3) wastewater treatment facilities for customers within
the jurisdictional boundary of the City. This equates to a projected capacity of up to 18.0 MGD
in the year 2020. This capacity would allow reclaimed water service to be extended to areas
ranked first through eighteen as shown on Table 5-1 assuming the usage for all areas served
approaches the projected irrigation needs.
Table 5-1
ALTERNATIVE A
SERVICE AREA DEVELOPMENT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
SERVICE
AREA
9
27
1
2
11
7
20
4
5
10
26
3
17
13
21
24
6
8
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 37
.
.
.
5.2.2 Alternative B
The scenario developed as Alternative B is based on the possibility that the City dedicates flows
from the Northeast APC Facility for bulk sale to Pinellas County. The City has existing
obligations to serve current customers from this facility. The current usage averages 600,000
GPO. The projected flow for the year 2020 influent to the Northeast APC Facility is 10.3 MGD.
We have assumed for this alternative, that 3.0 MGD of current flow would be sold to Pine lias
County and would not be available to serve City customers. The list of areas served is reduced
from the first 18 service areas based on priority ranking to the first 16 service areas, with areas
6 and 8 unable to be served due to the reduction in available reclaimed water. The benefit of
such a scenario is the more immediate utilization of reclaimed water. The sale of bulk
reclaimed water has the potential for some revenue generation at the same time as the City
realizes a reduction in capital expenditures to achieve some of the goals set for utilization of the
resource.
.
Obviously, the City can allocate a lower percentage of flow from the Northeast APC Facility to
the County under a mutual agreement. Therefore, the area within the City that could be served
would increase proportionately.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 38
.
.
.
5.3 Alternative A Implementation
The implementation of Alternative A involves the design and construction of transmission and
distribution piping to serve the customers within the service area boundaries depicted. The
service areas were delineated as a method of managing the data and analysis conducted for
this Master Plan Update. Each project initiated should begin with a detailed evaluation of the
potential customer base and other physical characteristics which may impact the cost of
construction and the resource utilization. The actual service areas would likely be adjusted
during a more detailed project development phase.
Figure 5-1 shows the phased implementation of reclaimed under Alternative A in five year
increments. Figure 5-2 shows the service areas and the projected year of implementation. The
sequencing is based on the priority ranking developed in Section 4.3. The sequencing of
individual areas is shown on a series of drawings in Appendix D. The figures D-1 through D-18
depict the major transmission facilities that would be constructed with each phase of the plan.
Distribution piping will extend along each roadway to reach to the customers. The order of
.
these figures coincides with the priority ranking.
Several projects require, simply, the extension of pipelines from existing facilities. The primary
examples are Service Areas 9 and 27. The North and South areas of Clearwater Beach can be
developed without any additional pumping or storage facilities.
Other projects require that pumping and storage facilities be constructed in order to provide
high pressure reclaimed water distribution in these service areas.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of ClealWater
Page 39
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In order to serve this area, pumping and storage facilities are needed at the Northeast APe
. Facility in order to pressurize the existing pipe system along McMullen Booth Road to serve that
area. We have therefore developed a project list that identifies the additional infrastructure
.
.
needs that are required in order to develop the service areas outlined. Table 5-2 identifies the
proposed order of implementation of the service area build-out, and the pumping and storage
facilities to support the system development.
Table 5-2
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
CITY-WIDE RECLAIMED WATER SYSTEM
ALTERNATIVE A
9
27
Northeast Storage
Marshall Upgrade
ICW Crossing
1
Del Oro Tank
2
11
7
East Pump Station
20
4
5
Palmetto Street Tank
10
26
3
17
13
Northeast Tank #2
21
24
6
8
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
City of Clearwater
Page 42
October 1998
5.3.1 FY 1998-99 Projects
. The first two (2) projects on the list include expansion of service to the North and South ends of
Clearwater Beach. These projects require only extensions of the main transmission piping and
the installation of distribution systems. The extension of reclaimed water to these areas is the
next most logical extension based on the numerous factors outlined in the prioritization matrix.
These areas have relatively high usage of irrigation water and have little option for alternative
water service other than potable water.
The third project on the combined project list is the construction of a ground storage tank and
pumping facility located at the Northeast APC Facility site. A schematic diagram of this facility
is shown as Figure 5-3. The rationale for the timing of this facility include the following:
1. The facility will provide the capability to transfer reclaimed water for bulk sale to Pinellas
.
County in the northern-end of the County.
2. It will allow the City the begin development of reclaimed water systems in the eastern
areas of the City along the McMullen Booth corridor. Without the proposed pumping
and storage facility to allow the eXisting effluent line to be pressurized, the pipeline can
not support expansions in this area without interim booster pumping facilities.
3. In combination with the construction of the tank and pumping facility, we have
incorporated a new chlorine contact chamber. This feature will be required to be in
place prior to expanding reclaimed water systems to either City or County customers.
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 43
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These first three (3) projects have been incorporated into the FY 98 and FY 99 Cooperative
. Funding Grant Applications submitted to the SWFWMD. The extension of the North Beach
area and a portion of the storage tank project have been approved for funding by the
SWFWMD in the FY 98 Budgets.
The South Clearwater Beach project and the remainder of the Northeast storage and pumping
facilities are included in the application for FY 1999 funding from the Water Management
District. These projects have been approved by the Pinellas-Anclote Basin Board. Given the
funding sources identified in the City's Capital Improvement Plan and the likelihood for grant
funding by the Water Management District, these projects will move forward for implementation
provided the City approves the implementation strategy presented.
.
5.3.2 Marshall Street Pump;ng Capac;ty
The fourth project identified is the expansion of pumping capacity at the new high-service pump
station located at the Marshall Street site. The new facility is designed to have adequate
pumping capacity to serve Island Estates, Clearwater Beach and several other open space
areas along the pipeline route. The new facility is designed to allow for easy capacity increase
by adding additional pumps in the structure. The capacity will need to be increased prior to
adding new service areas, such as the Harbor Oak area (Service Area 1). Figure 5-4 illustrates
the improvements needed in diagrammatic fashion.
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 45
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5.3.3 Intracoastal Waterway Pipeline Replacement
The fifth project is the replacement of the pipeline crossing the Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) to
serve Clearwater Beach. During the initial development of the Island Estates and Clearwater
Beach reclaimed water system, it was determined that an existing 16-inch water main crossing
the ICW could be used for a short period of time to connect the reclaimed water system from
the mainland to the beach area. The initial savings in capital cost was invested in the
construction of the 5.0 MGD ground storage tank at the Marshall Street APC Facility.
The initial proposal of a 1.0 MGD storage facility was felt to be less than adequate to serve the
long-term needs and would have been extremely limiting to development of required storage
facilities at the Marshall Street APC Facility.
The other factor in delaying the placement of the new pipeline crossing the ICW was the
uncertainty in 1996-97 surrounding the final location of the new bridge to Clearwater Beach.
This location has been determined so that planning for the replacement pipeline should not be
hampered by this routing evaluation. The existing pipeline should not be relied upon to provide
long term service to Clearwater Beach.
5.3.4 Del Oro Tank
The evaluation of the existing Del Oro potable water storage tank conducted by McKim & Creed
as part of the water distribution system analysis concluded that the Del Oro tank is not needed
for normal or emergency operating conditions in the potable water system. This tank can be
utilized to store reclaimed water. We have included the conversion of this facility for use as
reclaimed water storage in the project development plan. This conversion will provide an
opportunity to conduct a thorough inspection of the Del Oro tank and perform any rehabilitation
and re-painting that is needed. The tank would preferably be utilized as part of the distribution
of reclaimed water in the Del Oro Groves area.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 47
.
.
.
It is possible to accelerate the Del Oro area distribution system project ahead of the
construction of the Northeast tank and pumping facility. This is feasible to do because the
existing tank is available to be utilized in the reclaimed water system. There would need to be a
small booster-pump station constructed to withdraw water from the low-pressure outfall line and
pump into the elevated storage facility. The only limitation is the financing of this project along
with the development of reclaimed water in service areas 9, 27 and 1. Figure 5-5 provides a
schematic diagram of proposed changes of this facility.
5.3.5 East Plant Pumping Facility
Under Alternative A, the use of reclaimed water for the first six service areas developed will
originate from the Marshall Street and Northeast APC Facilities. Prior to constructing the
distribution system into service area 20, the flows discharging from the East APC Facility must
be utilized in the distribution system to avoid a shortage of reclaimed water supply. A
schematic diagram of the piping and pumping facilities required at the East APC Facility is
shown in Figure 5-6.
The pumping station will divert reclaimed water from the plant effluent line and discharge to the
existing 3~-inch transmission main connecting to the reclaimed water distribution system. The
effluent discharge system will be maintained to allow for discharge during periods when
average daily flows to the plant exceed the reclaimed water demand.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 48
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5.3.6 Palmetto Street Tank
As projects are developed and reclaimed water usage increases, specifically for the Marshall
Street APC Facility, additional storage capacity will be required. Due to the limited land
availability at the Marshall Street APC Facility, alternative sites had to be considered. Through
the use of the hydraulic modeling analysis, we evaluated locations of additional pumping and
storage facilities that would be utilized within the areas that could be served by the Marshall
Street APC Facility. Other criteria considered is siting a new tank and pumping facility including
site availability, and the potential for interconnecting with transmission mains radiating from the
other wastewater treatment facilities. It was determined that a location at or near the existing
Reservoir # 1 Potable Water Storage Facility would meet the criteria established.
The "Study of Potable Water Supply Alternatives and Distribution System Evaluation" prepared
as . a joint work effort to this Master Plan Update concludes that the City should construct a new
interconnection to the Pinellas County Water System. This interconnection would include a
. booster pumping facility and a transmission main to improve water supply and system
pressures in central Clearwater. The study further suggests that Reservoir # 1 can be utilized
for future reclaimed water storage if the City completes the new interconnection.
For the purpose of this development plan for the reclaimed water system, we have included a
new storage tank at the Palmetto Street site. This tank would receive water from the Marshall
Street APC Facility during the' periods of low demands for reclaimed water. Figure 5-7 shows
the proposed improvements in schematic fashion. As the demand increases, the tank system
would transition from a filling cycle to a discharge cycle utilizing high-service pumps to feed the
distribution system. The existing 24-inch pipeline through the Clearwater Country Club would
be extended to the Palmetto Street tank site. Future phases of the reclaimed water system
would link this facility so that it could receive water from any of the three (3) wastewater
treatment plants and could discharge to all areas of the distribution system network.
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 51
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We have estimated the size of the storage facility at this location to be 5.0 MG. If the existing
5.0 MG tank is utilized in the future for reclaimed water, the capital costs of implementing this
project would be reduced by approximately $1.0 million.
5.4 Timeline for System Expansion
The expansion of the City's reclaimed water system will be driven by several factors including
the policy decisions made by the City, the regulatory framework within which the City must
operate, public support, and the ability to sustain funding levels. As stated previously, the City
has shown its commitment to expanding reclaimed water facilities by programming funding into
the six (6) year Capital Improvement Plan. The magnitude of the funding available will dictate
the pace at which the system will be expanded.
For the purpose of outlining a system expansion timeline, we assumed the funding level can be
maintained for the 20 year planning period. As part of the water, sewer, and reclaimed water
rate evaluations, the funding levels and financing capabilities will be evaluated in detail. This is
necessary due to the interrelated causes and efforts between these utility operations. The
financing strategy evaluation will determine the sustainable funding level the City can allocate to
expanding. reclaimed water while utilizing a competitive rate structure and while supporting the
capital and operational needs of the City's water and sewer infrastructure. Section 7 of this
report outlines the proposed financing strategy.
The current Capital Improvement Program allocates approximately $1.2 to $1.5 million annually
from FY 1998-99 through FY 2002-2003. With continued commitment of grant funding from the
SWFWMD, the project funding levels should on average support approximately $2.0 million of
system construction annually.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 53
. Based on this funding level, a preliminary timeline has been developed for the implementation
of the 25 projects identified in Alternative A. This time sequence is shown in the Table 5-3 for
the areas to be served.
To ensure that the progression of system expansion does not exceed the ability of the City's
reclaimed water supply to meet demand, a comparison was made between the projection of
reclaimed water supply and the projection of reclaimed water demand if the implementation
schedule presented herein is followed. Figure 5-8 illustrates this comparison given the timeline
of reclaimed water expansion to the service areas as shown in Table 5-3.
Table 5-3
PROJECT TIMELlNE
.
9 (North Beach)
27 (South Beach
1 (Harbor Oaks)
2 (Del Oro Groves)
11 (Clearwater Harbor)
7 (E. Drew Street)
20 (Lake Park/Mission Hills)
4 (Coachman Ridge)
5 (Old Coachman)
10 (Palmetto Street)
26 (Skycrest)
3 (Hercules Industrial)
17 (Downtown/Country Club Estates)
13 (Downtown/Glen Oaks)
21 (Seville)
24 (Woodmont)
6 (North Greenwood)
8 (Morningside)
.
Proje~t'Time,Hl'le
1999
2000
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2016
2017
2018
2019
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 54
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5.5 Alternative B Implementation
The development of projects under the Alternative B scenario is similar to the development of
Alternative A. The reduction of reclaimed water available from the City's Northeast APC Facility
is assumed to be 3.0 MGD if the City and Pinellas County reach an agreement. This will
reduce the reclaimed water available in the next few years to approximately 3.0 MGD.
The reduction in available water will result in the inability to serve areas 6 and 8 assuming the
other areas reach the estimated potential consumption of reclaimed water. Service areas 6 and
8 are the lowest priority areas included in the Alternate A project list. Table 5-4 shows the
proposed Alternative B project list.
Figure 5-9 illustrates the revised projection of reclaimed water supply with the reduction of 3.0
MGD and the projected demand increase assuming the timeline in project development is
followed.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 56
.
.
.
Table 5-4
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
CITY-WIDE RECLAIMED WATER SYSTEM
ALTERNATIVE B
9
27
Northeast Storage
Marshall Upgrade
ICW Crossing
1
Del Oro Tank
2
11
7
East Pump Station
20
4
5
Palmetto Street Tank
10
26
3
17
13
Northeast Tank #2
21
24
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 57
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6.0 OPINION OF PROBABLE CONSTRUCTION COSTS
The construction of a second water distribution system in developed areas is a costly endeavor.
The two (2) alternative implementation plans have been reviewed from a cost of construction
standpoint. This section presents a summary of the costs anticipated for the projects to be
implemented.
The estimated construction costs presented are based on 1998 construction costs. Future year
construction has not been escalated for inflation. The construction cost estimates were
."
developed based on costs of similar projects constructed within this region over the past 12
months. The assumption has been made that traditional construction techniques would be
utilized to build these facilities.
. The current Island Estates project utilized alternative trench less construction technology. The
cost of the trenchless construction proved slightly higher than traditional methods as
anticipated in the engineering estimate. The City can expect a slightly higher cost for segments
of the project constructed using trenchless technology if the typical restoration costs are
reasonably low. Table 6-1 provides a summary of project costs for the projects outlined for
system development in Alternative A.
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 59
.
.
.
Table 6-1
CONSTRUCTION COST
ALTERNATIVE A
COl1struc:tibhCbst
$2,500,000
$2,229,680
$3,557,500
$500,000
$1,545,750
$4,125,978
$438,750
$2,377,121
$3,988,454
$3,223,091
$1,039,500
$2,924,066
$2,152,589
$3,667,667
$2,497,500
$5,578,605
$3,966,044
$3,251,327
$3,567,625
$4,238,561
$2,227,500
$1,638,887
$3,059,303
$3,967,394
$3,159,020
$71,421,908
9
27
Northeast Storage
Marshall Upgrade
JCW Crossing
1
Del Oro Tank
2
11
7
East Pump Station
20
4
5
Palmetto St. Tank
10
26
3
17
13
Northeast Tank #2
21
24
6
8
TOTAL:
The projects estimates include engineering and contingency. Rights-ot-way and easement
costs are not included since the majority ot the systems can utilized public rights-ot-way. The I
summary costs indicate that the Alternative A System developed through the year 2020 will be
$71 million.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 60
Alternative B implementation strategy assumes that the City will sell reclaimed water at a bulk
. rate to Pinellas County. By decreasing the amount of water available for distribution, the overall
project cost is reduced. The following table outlines the costs associated with this alternative
.
.
implementation system. The total cost of this alternative system development is $64 million.
This option can be implemented on an approximate time frame of 15 years and would provide
up to 8.0 MGD of reclaimed water for City residents.
Table 6-2
CONSTRUCTION COST
AL TERNA TIVE B
9
27
Northeast Storage
Marshall Upgrade
ICW Crossing
1
Del Oro Tank
2
11
7
East Pump Station
20
4
5
Palmetto St. Tank
10
26
3
17
13
Northeast Tank #2
21
24
TOTAL:
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
ConstrLJction.C.ost.m
$2,500,000
$2,229,680
$3,557,500
$500,000
$1,545,750
$4,125,978
$438,750
$2,377,121
$3,988,454
$3,223,091
$1,039,500
$2,924,066
$2,152,589
$3,667,667
$2,497,500
$5,578,605
$3,966,044
$3,251,327
$3,567,625
$4,238,561
$2,227,500
$1,638,887
$3,059,303
$64,295,495
City of Clearwater
Page 61
.
7.0
FINANCING PLAN
7.1
Comparative Rates
As part of the evaluation and consideration of an appropriate rate schedule for reclaimed water
in Clearwater, we obtained and evaluated rates in surrounding communities. Within Pine lias
County, many of the other cities and Pinellas County have reclaimed water programs. The
Cities contacted as part of this evaluation included the City of St. Petersburg, City of Largo, City
of Pinellas Park and City of Dunedin. We also obtained the reclaimed water rate schedule for
Pinellas County. Table 7-1 provides a summary of the basic rates established by these
communities for their customers of reclaimed water.
In evaluating the rate schedules for these communities, each has been established at a rate
lower than that which will fund full construction and operation of the system. Most communities
. have based the rate schedule on the assumption that a portion of the capital costs will be
financed through grants. The balance of the capital costs not funded through the rates or
grants is typically funded from the water and/or sewer utility funds. The City of Clearwater has
followed this approach with past projects evidenced by the development of the 6 year Capital
Improvement Plan for 1997/98. The capital costs of developing the reclaimed water system are
planned to be funded with water and sewer revenues for the 6 year planning period.
A review of the local rates for reclaimed water shows a range of between $7.00 per month to
$12.00 per month for residential customers, with no restrictions on quantity used except in the
City of Pinellas Park. The commercial rate is typically billed on a per unit basis ranging from
$0.25/1000 gallons to $0.32/1000 gallons.
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
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October 1998
City of ClealWater
Page 62
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.
.
Table 7-1
RECLAIMED WATER RATE CHARGES
Connection fee:
Charges:
Connection fee:
Charges:
$320.00 for %" pipe
$415.00 for 1" pipe
$1,095.00 for 1%" pipe
$10.36/month/ for 1s1 acre + $5.92 each additional acre
$250 (1/2 price if sign up first 90 days of system availability)
Residential:
$7.00/month inside City Limits
$8.25/month outside City Limits
Commercial:
$0.20/1000 gallons inside City Limits
$0.25/1000 gallons outside City Limits
Connection fee:
Charges:
~HJy9'f",piraellasPark
$200 for %" pipe (1/2 price if sign up first 90 days of system availability)
Residential:
$8.00/month up to 2500 gallons
Capital Recovery fee:
0-30,000
31,000 - 250,000
250,000 and over
$19.00 bi-monthly
$0.50 per 1000 gallons
$0.25 per 1000 gallons
$0.25 per 1000 gallons
Connection fee:
Charges:
Charges:
%" $140.00 for Metered
1" $185.00 for Metered
1%" $385.00 for Metered
2" $425.00 for Metered
$160.00 for Unmetered
$235.00 for Unmetered
$510.00 for Unmetered
$600.00 for Unmetered
Funded: Single Family
Multi Family
Unfunded: Single Family
Multi Family
$8. OO/month
$0.29/1000 gallons
$7.00/month availability + $2.00 User Charge
$7.00/month availability + $0.29/1000 gallons
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 63
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.
.
7.2 Current City Rate Schedule
The City of Clearwater established a rate schedule for reclaimed water in 1994. This rate
schedule includes rates for residential customers, multi-family residential customers,
commercial customers, and open space irrigation customers. The rates were established
based on the development of the first residential reclaimed water system in the City of
Clearwater in Island Estates. The rates were established to finance a portion of the capital cost
of this system as well as the estimated cost of operation and maintenance. The balance of
capital costs were funded through a grant from the SWFWMD and cash reserves from the
sewer enterprise fund. The table below outlines the current rate schedule in the City's
reclaimed water ordinance.
Table 7-2
CITY OF CLEARWATER RECLAIMED WATER RATES
Single family, duplex or triplex (per domestic
water account; however, if a duplex or triplex
has separate domestic water accounts for each
dwelling unit, then the appropriate change shall
be divided equally among each account) .
2. Multi-family
AY~.Uabi.lity
Only
$14.70/month
$3.89/month
$4.72/dwelling/month
(Not to exceed
$70.25/month)
$18.00/month
3. Commercial/industrial
(Metered)
4. Open Space (per acre of "pervious area," as
defined in Section 32.352)
Mainland
Island Estates, Memorial Causeway &
Clearwater Beach $39.89/month $70.25/month
These rates shall be reviewed annually and revised as necessary to recover the capital outlay,
operating, administrative, billing and maintenance costs of the reclaimed water system in a fair
and equitable manner.
$13.77/month
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 64
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.
.
7.3 Methodology for Estimating Potential Revenues
In the previous sections of this Master plan update, areas have been identified and prioritized
based on the potential for utilization of reclaimed water. Further, estimates of potential
reclaimed water demand have been made to aid in understanding the infrastructure needs and
associated construction costs. One assumption of potential demand is that 100% participation
is achieved.
In estimating revenues from reclaimed water sales, we have utilized a methodology that is more
realistic and conservative. This approach is outlined in this section. Consideration is also given
to rate structures and policy considerations that improve the participation, remembering that
one of the primary goals is the conservation of potable water by increasing use of reclaimed
water for irrigation and other non-potable uses.
Historic water consumption data has been provided by the City of Clearwater's Utility Customer
Service group. This data has been separated by the service areas defined in Section 4.0 of this
report. Some customers have lawn irrigation meters installed that provide a history of irrigation
.,
usage by these customers. Also, this provides an indication that these customers are highly
likely to use reclaimed water if it is made available to them.
A second stratification of data was made based on current potable customers, without irrigation
meters, who have a high potable water usage. It is assumed that customers with high usage
are likely irrigating lawns with the excess water consumed. A threshold of water usage was set
at 12 CCF (100 cubic feet) to identify the potential irrigation customers. If this threshold has
been exceeded six times or more in the prior 12 month period, then these customers are
considered as highly probable reclaimed water customers. In projecting voluntary participation
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
City of Clearwater
Page 65
October 1998
.
.
.
in the reclaimed water program, it is assumed 80% of these customers would sign-up for
reclaimed water. The remaining potable customers that show a lower water usage were
assumed to have a lower percentage of participation ranging from 0% - 50% based on a
voluntary type reclaimed water program. Also, the inclusion of an availability charge was
considered. An availability charge would be assessed to all properties that have reclaimed
water available, thus providing a broader base of revenue generation to help off-set the capital
costs, and providing an economic incentive to connect to the reclaimed water system. Using
the data collection and stratification as outlined, the Financing model was developed to
demonstrate the various rate structures and policy scenarios and their financial impacts.
7.4 Rate Alternatives for Financing Reuse System (RAFRS)
In order to evaluate and understand the many aspects of rate setting for the reclaimed water
system, a computer financial model has been developed and tailored specifically to fit the
circumstances in the City of Clearwater. This model is defined as the Rate Alternatives for
Financing Reuse Systems model or RAFRS.
The model requires input data including number of potential customers, projected capital cost of
system development, financing costs, annual operation and maintenance costs, historical
potable water usage and projection of reclaimed water customers and usage. The model
allows for adjustment of numerous parameters to assess the sensitivity of project financing and
certain policy and ordinance decisions upon the financial performance of the reclaimed water
rate program. For example, the model allows the user to assume a percentage of potential
customers that would voluntarily participate in the reclaimed water program and the resulting
revenues generated under various rate structures. Alternatively, the model also provides for
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 66
.
.
.
evaluating revenues generated if availability charges or front-end assessments are used to
increase revenues from a larger customer base.
The capital costs utilized in the model are outlined in Section 6 of this report. The annual
operation and maintenance costs have been estimated as a percentage of the capital cost. The
percentage of 3% was determined by comparing the O&M costs in similar systems.
One of the important features of the financial model and one of the focuses of rate setting for
the City is determining the financial impact on the water enterprise resulting from continued
development of reclaimed water systems. As current potable water customers convert from
irrigating with potable water to using reclaimed water, the total consumption of potable water
will decrease for these customers. A decrease in consumption will have a corresponding
reduction in revenues from the sale of potable water. This reduction in revenues may strain the
current potable water rates since the revenues will decrease but many of the costs will remain.
Reducing water consumption will cause some reductions in water production costs, but system
operation, administrative and maintenance will not decrease proportionally. By using the
.
RAFRS Model, the funding burden of the reclaimed water system on the water and sewer fund
can de defined for any given rate structure alternative.
7.5 Proposed Reclaimed Water Rates
In assessing the validity of the existing rates and in determining an appropriate rate structure to
fund continued growth of the reclaimed water system, the RAFRS model was utilized to review
numerous scenarios. Consideration was given to the existing rates and the rates of the
surrounding communities. As a result of reviewing this information and evaluation by the
Project Team and the City staff, the following rates are being proposed:
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 67
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Table 7-3
PROPOSED RECLAIMED WATER RATES
CITY OF CLEARWATER
}l.va.ilab.ility
Only
$9.00/month
1. Single family, duplex or triplex (per domestic
water account; however, if a duplex or triplex
has separate domestic water accounts for each
dwelling unit, then the appropriate charge shall
be divided equally among each account)
2. Multi-family
4 to 6 dwelling units
7 to 10 dwelling units
11 to 14 dwelling units
more than 14 dwelling units
3. Commercial/industrial
Less than or equal to 2 acres of pervious area
More than 2 acres of pervious area - metered
$12.00/month
$21.00/month
$30.00/month
$42.00/month
$20.00/ month
$35.00/ month
$50.00/ month
$70.00/ month
$9.00/month
$9.00/month
$15.00/month
$15.00/month +
$1.50/CCF over 10 CCF
$13.77/month
4. Open Space (per acre of "pervious area," as
defined in Section 32.352)
These rates shall be reviewed annually and revised as necessary to recover the capital outlay,
operating, administrative, billing and maintenance costs of the reclaimed water system in a fair
and equitable manner.
These rates reflect an overall reduction in rates currently in place. This reduction is proposed
due to the following reasons:
1. The current rates are significantly higher than any other communities in this area.
2. The current rates will not necessarily encourage customers to use reclaimed water if the
total monthly bill for irrigation with potable water is at or below $18.00 per month.
3. There has been feedback from the public that suggests more of the system capital
funding be borne by the City as a whole since the benefits are to all City residents for
utilizing less potable water.
With the reduction in rates as proposed, the analysis performed indicates that a portion of the
costs of system implementation will be borne by the revenues of the water and sewer funds.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 68
.
.
.
The impact on the water and sewer rates had been identified in an earlier rate evaluation
conducted by Burton & Associates because the City included funding of reclaimed water in the
6 year CIP considered in that water and sewer rate evaluation. As a result of funding reclaimed
water systems as well as other capital and operating expenses included in the aforementioned
analysis of water and sewer rates, the City faces an increase in water and sewer rates over the
six year term. The analysis further indicates that while there is a loss in revenues to potable
water based on this projected offset of potable water consumption by reclaimed water usage,
the projected reclaimed water rate revenue combined with the proposed water and sewer rate
increases will compensate for this reduction.
Therefore, the proposed rates for reclaimed water achieve:
· An attractive rate schedule that is reduced below current rates for most customer
classifications.
.
Rates that cover operational costs and a portion of capital costs with the balance of
capital costs funded through SWFWMD grants and water and sewer funds.
.
· An availability charge that is more reasonable but still encourages the use of reclaimed
water in place of potable water for irrigation.
· A portion of the capital costs borne by all City residents to reflect the benefit to the total
water system of potable water usage which is offset by reclaimed water.
The areas identified in the first five years of the implementation plan show higher than average
irrigation usage. The number of customers that have irrigation meters is higher than average.
Also, the number of customers who have only one meter connection utilize a higher than
average volume of water, presumably for irrigation.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 69
.
.
.
These City residents who currently irrigate their lawns through a dedicated irrigation meter are
paying, on average, over $20.00 per month for water. The customers who are using large
volumes of water, presumably for irrigation through their potable water meter are paying on
average over $30.00/month. Theses customers will see a significant benefit in utilizing
reclaimed water by paying a flat rate of $15.00 per month as proposed.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 70
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.
.
Appendix A
Priority Ranking Matrix
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page A-1
.
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Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
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Page A-2
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Appendix B
Marshall Street Wastewater Flow
Northeast Wastewater Flow
East Wastewater Flow
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page B-1
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0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page B-2
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0992-0042
to
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Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update City of Clearwater
0992-0042 October 1998 Page B-4
.
.
.
Appendix C
Estimate of Construction Cost
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-1
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
SERVICE AREA #9
TRANSMISSION:
12" LF 6,700 $78.00 $ 522,600
Subtotal $ 522,600
Engineering Fees 20% $ 104,520
Contingency 15% $ 72,880
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 700,000
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 4,400 $41.00 $ 180,400
6" LF 7,600 $34.00 $ 258,400
4" LF 24,000 $30.00 $ 720,000
Restoration LS 1 $175,000.00 $ 175,000
Subtotal $ 1,333,800
Engineering Fees 20% $ 266,760
Contingency 15% $ 199,440
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 1,800,000
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 2,500,000
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-2
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
SERVICE AREA #27
TRANSMISSION:
12" LF 8,000 $80.00 $ 640,000
8" LF 3,000 $41.00 $ 123,000
Bore and Jack Road Crossing LF 200 $500.00 $ 100,000
Traffic Control LS 1 $10,000.00 $ 10,000
Subtotal $ 873,000
Engineering Fees 20% $ 174,600
Contingency 15% $ 130,950
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 1,178,550
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 5,500 $41.00 $ 225,500
6" LF 10,335 $34.00 $ 351,390
4" LF 2,800 $30.00 $ 84,000
Restoration LS 1 $117,725.00 $ 117,725
Subtotal $ 778,615
Engineering Fees 20% $ 155,723
Contingency 15% $ 116,792
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 1,051,130
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 2,229,680
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-3
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTERPLAN
Cost Estimates
.
Northeast Storaqe and Pumpinq Facility
TRANSFER PUMP STATION LS 1 $ 250,000.00 $ 250,000
CHLORINATION SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS LS 1 $ 350,000.00 $ 350,000
5 MG GROUND STORAGE TANK LS 1 $ 900,000.00 $ 900,000
SITE PIPING LS 1 $ 230,000.00 $ 230,000
HIGH SERVICE PUMP STATION LS 1 $ 450,000.00 $ 450,000
CONTROL BUILDING & ELECTRICAL LS 1 $ 350,000.00 $ 350,000
SITE WORK LS 1 $ 105,000.00 $ 105,000
Subtotal $ 2,635,000
Engineering Fees 20% $ 527,000
Contingency 15% $ 395,500
TOTAL PROJECT COST $ 3,557,500
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-4
.
.
.
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
MARSHALL UPGRADE
TRANSMISSION:
Upgrade Pump Capacity LS $370,370.00 $ 370,370
Subtotal $ 370,370
Engineering Fees 20% $ 74,074
Contingency 15% $ 55,556
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 500,000
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 500,000
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-5
.
.
.
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
ICW CROSSING
TRANSMISSION:
16" HOD
TIE-INS
LF 1,400 $800.00 $ 1,120,000
LS 1 $25,000.00 $ 25,000
$ 1,145,000
20% $ 229,000
15% $ 171,750
$ 1,545,750
$ 1,545,750
Subtotal
Engineering Fees
Contingency
TOTAL TRANSMISSION
TOTAL PROJECT COST:
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-6
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
SERVICE AREA #1 (A)
TRANSMISSION:
16" LF 6,000 $85.00 $ 510,000
8" LF 4,800 $41.00 $ 196,800
Subtotal $ 706,800
Engineering Fees 20% $ 141,360
Contingency 15% $ 106,020
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 954,180
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 11,080 $41.00 $ 454,280
6" LF 40,300 $34.00 $ 1,370,200
4" LF 17,500 $30.00 $ 525,000
Subtotal $ 2,349,480
Engineering Fees 20% $ 469,896
Contingency 15% $ 352,422
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 3,171,798
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 4,125,978
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-7
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
. DelOra Tank Conversion and Control
Clean and Paint Tank LS 1 $250,000.00 $ 250,000
Piping Modifications LS 1 $50,000.00 $ 50,000
New Control Valving LS 1 $25,000.00 $ 25,000
Subtotal $ 325,000
Engineering Fees 20% $ 65,000
Contingency 15% $ 48,750
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 438,750
.
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-8
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
.
SERVICE AREA #2
TRANSMISSION:
12" LF 3,520 $78.00 $ 274,560
8" LF 2,800 $41.00 $ 114,800
Subtotal $ 389,360
Engineering Fees 20% $ 77,872
Contingency 15% $ 58,404
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 525,636
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 6,490 $41.00 $ 266,090
6" LF 23,520 $34.00 $ 799,680
4" LF 10,190 $30.00 $ 305,700
Subtotal $ 1,371,470
Engineering Fees 20% $ 274,294
Contingency 15% $ 205,721
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 1,851,485
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 2,377,121
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-9
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
.
SERVICE AREA 11
TRANSMISSION:
12" LF 7,700 $78.00 $ 600,600
8" LF 4,500 $41.00 $ 184,500
Subtotal $ 785,100
Engineering Fees 20% $ 157,020
Contingency 15% $ 117,765
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 1,059,885
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 10,210 $41.00 $ 418,610
6" LF 37,250 $34.00 $ 1,266,500
4" LF 16,140 $30.00 $ 484,200
Subtotal $ 2,169,310
Engineering Fees 20% $ 433,862
Contingency 15% $ 325,397
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 2,928,569
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 3,988,454
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-10
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
. SERVICE AREA #7
TRANSMISSION:
24" LF 6,700 $125.00 $ 837,500
8" LF 3,000 $41.00 $ 123,000
Subtotal $ 960,500
Engineering Fees 20% $ 192,100
Contingency 15% $ 144,075
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 1,296,675
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 6,675 $41.00 $ 273,675
6" LF 24,550 $34.00 $ 834,700
4" LF 10,620 $30.00 $ 318,600
Subtotal $ 1 ,426,975
Engineering Fees 20% $ 285,395
Contingency 15% $ 214,046
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 1,926,416
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 3,223,091
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-11
.
.
.
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
East Pump Station & Controls
Construct High Service Pump Station LS 1 $400,000.00 $400,000.00
Modify Outfall Structure LS 1 $250,000.00 $250,000.00
Control System Improvements LS 1 $120,000.00 $120,000.00
Subtotal $ 770,000
Engineering Fees 20% $ 154,000
Contingency 15% $ 115,500
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 1,039,500
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-12
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
.
SERVICE AREA #20
TRANSMISSION:
16" LF 7,000 $88.00 $ 616,000
8" LF 3,000 $41.00 $ 123,000
Subtotal $ 739,000
Engineering Fees 20% $ 147,800
Contingency 15% $ 110,850
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 997,650
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 6,675 $41.00 $ 273,675
6" LF 24,550 $34.00 $ 834,700
4" LF 10,620 $30.00 $ 318,600
Subtotal $ 1,426,975
Engineering Fees 20% $ 285,395
Contingency 15% $ 214,046
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 1,926,416
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 2,924,066
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-13
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
.
SERVICE AREA #4
TRANSMISSION:
16" LF 3,300 $88.00 $ 290,400
8" LF 2,500 $41.00 $ 102,500
Subtotal $ 392,900
Engineering Fees 20% $ 78,580
Contingency 15% $ 58,935
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 530,415
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 5,650 $41.00 $ 231,650
6" LF 20,640 $34.00 $ 701,760
4" LF 8,940 $30.00 $ 268,200
Subtotal $ 1,201,610
Engineering Fees 20% $ 240,322
Contingency 15% $ 180,242
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 1,622,174
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 2,152,589
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-14
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
.
SERVICE AREA #5
TRANSMISSION:
24" LF 4,000 $125.00 $ 500,000
16" LF 7,000 $88.00 $ 616,000
8" LF 3,000 $41.00 $ 123,000
Subtotal $ 1,239,000
Engineering Fees 20% $ 247,800
Contingency 15% $ 185,850
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 1,672,650
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 7,000 $41.00 $ 287,000
6" LF 25,335 $34.00 $ 861,390
4" LF 10,980 $30.00 $ 329,400
. Subtotal $ 1,477,790
Engineering Fees 20% $ 295,558
Contingency 15% $ 221,669
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 1,995,017
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 3,667,667
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-15
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTERPLAN
Cost Estimates
.
.
Palmetto St. StoraQe & PumpinQ Facility
5 MG GROUND STORAGE TANK LS 1 $ 900,000.00 $ 900,000
SITE PIPING LS 1 $ 100,000.00 $ 100,000
HIGH SERVICE PUMP STATION LS 1 $ 400,000.00 $ 400,000
CONTROL BUILDING & ELECTRICAL LS 1 $ 350,000.00 $ 350,000
SITE WORK LS 1 $ 100,000.00 $ 100,000
Subtotal $ 1,850,000
Engineering Fees 20% $ 370,000
Contingency 15% $ 277,500
TOTAL PROJECT COST $ 2,497,500
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-16
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-17
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
SERVICE AREA #26
TRANSMISSION:
24" LF 6,100 $125.00 $ 762,500
16" LF 9,900 $88.00 $ 871,200
8" LF 2,500 $41.00 $ 102,500
Subtotal $ 1,736,200
Engineering Fees 20% $ 347,240
Contingency 15% $ 260,430
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 2,343,870
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 5,650 $41.00 $ 231,650
6" LF 20,640 $34.00 $ 701,760
4" LF 8,940 $30.00 $ 268,200
Subtotal $ 1,201,610
Engineering Fees 20% $ 240,322
Contingency 15% $ 180,242
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 1,622,174
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 3,966,044
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-18
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
.
SERVICE AREA #3
TRANSMISSION:
16" LF 7,000 $88.00 $ 616,000
12" LF 9,300 $78.00 $ 725,400
8" LF 2,000 $41.00 $ 82,000
Subtotal $ 1,423,400
Engineering Fees 20% $ 284,680
Contingency 15% $ 213,510
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 1,921,590
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 4,670 $41.00 $ 191,470
6" LF 16,880 $34.00 $ 573,920
4" LF 7,320 $30.00 $ 219,600
Subtotal $ 984,990
Engineering Fees 20% $ 196,998
Contingency 15% $ 147,749
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 1,329,737
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 3,251,327
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-19
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
.
SERVICE AREA #17
TRANSMISSION:
24" LF 2,800 $125.00 $ 350,000
16" LF 2,300 $85.00 $ 195,500
12" LF 1,500 $78.00 $ 117,000
8" LF 3,800 $41.00 $ 155,800
Subtotal $ 818,300
Engineering Fees 20% $ 163,660
Contingency 15% $ 122,745
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 1,104,705
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 8,575 $41.00 $ 351,575
6" LF 31,340 $34.00 $ 1,065,560
4" LF 13,575 $30.00 $ 407,250
53,490.00
Subtotal $ 1,824,385
Engineering Fees 20% $ 364,877
Contingency 15% $ 273,658
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 2,462,920
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 3,567,625
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-20
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
.
SERVICE AREA #13
TRANSMISSION:
16" LF 8,500 $85.00 $ 722,500
8" LF 4,600 $41.00 $ 188,600
Subtotal $ 911 ,100
Engineering Fees 20% $ 182,220
Contingency 15% $ 136,665
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 1,229,985
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 10,525 $41.00 $ 431,525
6" LF 38,300 $34.00 $ 1,302,200
4" LF 16,495 $30.00 $ 494,850
65,320.00
Subtotal $ 2,228,575
Engineering Fees 20% $ 445,715
Contingency 15% $ 334,286
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 3,008,576
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 4,238,561
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-21
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
.
Northeast Tank No.2
5 MG Ground Storage Tank
Site Work
Pumping Upgrades
LF
LF
LF
1 $1,300,000.00 $ 1,300,000
1 $100,000.00 $ 100,000
1 $250,000.00 $ 250,000
$ 1,650,000
20% $ 330,000
15% $ 247,500
$ 2,227,500
Subtotal
Engineering Fees
Contingency
TOTAL PROJECT COST:
.
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-22
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
SERVICE AREA #21
TRANSMISSION:
16" LF 6,300 $88.00 $ 554,400
16" HOD LF 600 $300.00 $ 180,000
8" LF 900 $41.00 $ 36,900
Subtotal $ 771,300
Engineering Fees 20% $ 154,260
Contingency 15% $ 115,695
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 1,041,255
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 2,100 $41.00 $ 86,100
6" LF 7,585 $34.00 $ 257,890
4" LF 3,290 $30.00 $ 98,700
Subtotal $ 442,690
Engineering Fees 20% $ 88,538
Contingency 15% $ 66,404
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 597,632
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 1,638,887
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-23
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
SERVICE AREA #24
TRANSMISSION:
16" LF 6,700 $88.00 $ 589,600
Subtotal $ 589,600
Engineering Fees 20% $ 117,920
Contingency 15% $ 88,440
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 795,960
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 10,480 $41.00 $ 429,680
6" LF 26,530 $34.00 $ 902,020
4" LF 11 ,495 $30.00 $ 344,850
Subtotal $ 1,676,550
Engineering Fees 20% $ 335,310
Contingency 15% $ 251,483
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 2,263,343
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 3,059,303
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-24
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
.
SERVICE AREA #6
TRANSMISSION:
12" LF 7,500 $78.00 $ 585,000
8" LF 4,500 $41.00 $ 184,500
Subtotal $ 769,500
Engineering Fees 20% $ 153,900
Contingency 15% $ 115,425
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 1,038,825
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 10,210 $41.00 $ 418,610
6" LF 37,250 $34.00 $ 1,266,500
4" LF 16,140 $30.00 $ 484,200
Subtotal $ 2,169,310
Engineering Fees 20% $ 433,862
Contingency 15% $ 325,397
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 2,928,569
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 3,967,394
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-25
CITY OF CLEARWATER
RECLAIMED WATER MASTER PLAN
Cost Estimates
SERVICE AREA #8
TRANSMISSION:
16" LF 4,800 $88.00 $ 422,400
8" LF 3,600 $41.00 $ 147,600
Subtotal $ 570,000
Engineering Fees 20% $ 114,000
Contingency 15% $ 85,500
TOTAL TRANSMISSION $ 769,500
DISTRIBUTION:
8" LF 8,385 $41.00 $ 343,785
6" LF 30,345 $34.00 $ 1,031,730
4" LF 13,150 $30.00 $ 394,500
Subtotal $ 1,770,015
Engineering Fees 20% $ 354,003
Contingency 15% $ 265,502
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION $ 2,389,520
TOTAL PROJECT COST: $ 3,159,020
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page C-26
.
.
.
Appendix 0
Summary of Projects
and
Service Area Maps
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page 0-1
.
Table 0-1
SUMMARY OF PROJECTS
9 (North Beach) $2,500,000 1999
27 (South Beach $2,229,680 2000
Northeast Storage $3,557,500 1999/2000
Marshall Upgrade $500,000 2001
ICW Crossing $1,545,750 2001
1 (Harbor Oaks) $4,125,978 2002
Del Oro Tank $438,750 2003
2 (Del Oro Groves) $2,377,121 2003
11 (Clearwater Harbor) $3,988,454 2004
7 (E. Drew Street) $3,223,091 2005
East Pump Station $1,039,500 2006
20 (Lake Park/Mission Hills) $2,924,066 2006
4 (Coachman Ridge) $2,152,589 2007
. 5 (Old Coachman) $3,667,667 2008
Palmetto St. Tank $2,497,500 2009
10 (Palmetto Street) $5,578,605 2010
26 (Skycrest) $3,966,044 2011
3 (Hercules Industrial) $3,251,327 2012
17 (Downtown/Country Club Estates) $3,567,625 2013
13 (Downtown/Glen Oaks) $4,238,561 2014
Northeast Tank #2 $2,227,500 2015
21 (Seville) $1,638,887 2016
24 (Woodmont). $3,059,303 2017
6 (North Greenwood) $3,967,394 2018
8 (Mornings ide) $3,159,020 2019
TOTAL $71,421,908
.
Reclaimed Water Master Plan Update
0992-0042
October 1998
City of Clearwater
Page D-2
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