CLEARWATER HISTORIC PRESERVATION SURVEY AND PLANNING PROJECT: THE CLEARWATER CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT AND THE OLD CLEARWATER BAY NEIGHBORHOOD
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CLEARWATER mSTORlC PRESERVATION
SURVEY AND PLANNING PROJECT:
THE CLEARWATER CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
AND THE OLD CLEARWATER BAY NEIGHBORHOOD
Grant No. F9702
Performed for the
CITY OF CLEARWATER
by
ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTANTS, INC.
February 1998
This project (or publication) has beenjinanced in part ""ith historic preservation grant assistance provided by the National Park Service, U,S.
Department of the Interior, administered through the Bureau of Historic Preservation, Division of Historical Resources, Flon'da Department of
State, assisted by the Historic Preservation Advisory Council. However, the contents and opiniollS do not necessar:ty reflect the viev.s and
opiniollS of the Department of the IllIerior or the Florida Department of State, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products
constiTUle endorsement or recommenda1ion by the Department of the Interior or the Florida Department of State. This program receives Federal
jinancial assistance for idellIijication and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the
Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination
on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability, or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated
against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please wn'te to: Office for Equal Opportunity,
National Park Service, Post Office Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTANTS INCORPORATED
Sarasota, Florida
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GRANT CHECKLIST
The Florida Department of State requires that the following items be included in each grant survey report.
---.L a title page indicating the name of the project, the name of the author, and the date of the report;
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an acknowledgments page citing the sources of funding and other significant assistance; disclaimer, and
Title VI statement (Title VI applies to Federally funded projects only);
an introduction describing the origin and objectives of the project;
a description of the survey area or theme, accompanied by a Florida Department of Transportation
county highway map or USGS topographic map outlining or higWighting the survey area with identified
sites plotted on a legible map of appropriate scale;
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a summary of all past field sun'eys in the survey area of the current project and their major findings
relevant to the current sun'ey;
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a description of the field survey, including the specific methodology employed to identify sites, to locate
their boundaries, and to evaluate them;
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a sununary and chronological narrative of the significant historical ~vents or developments related to the
project area or theme;
identification of individuals and organizations that played significant parts in those events and/or
developments;
a final list of all pre\~ously identified sites located \\~thin the survey area, including the Florida Site File
Number and Survey Record Number;
a final list of all newly identified sites within the survey area, including the Florida Site File Number and
Survey Record Number;
conclusions and recommendations as to the significance of resources identified according to National
Register of Historic Places criteria, local designation criteria (where applicable); and future survey,
planning, and preservation action; and
/
a list of bibliographic sources and other appropriate supplemental material.
Quality Assurance: ACI certifies that the checked items are included in the City of Clearwater Historical
Preservation Survey and Planning Project report, and are adequate and sufficient to meet Florida Department of
State Grant Requirements.
~v( iii'Ll EY'i J...QNYJ-"i
Marion Almy, Project Manager J
Date
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Carrie Scupholm, Sf. Ar hitectural Historian
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Date
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CLEARWATER HISTORIC PRESERVATION
SURVEY AND PLANNING PROJECT:
THE CLEARWATER CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
AND THE OLD CLEARWATER BAY NEIGHBORHOOD
Grant No. F9702
Performed for the
CITY OF CLEARWATER
Louis R. Hilton - Project Supervisor
by
ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTANTS, INC.
Marion M. Almy - Project Manager
Carrie Scupholm - Senior Architectural Historian
Kimberly D. Hinder - Historian
Sherrie Stokes - Surveyor
February 1998
VOLUME I of VII
171is project (or publication) hilS been fin{mced in part with historic preservation grant assistance provided by the Natiollal
Park Service, U.S, Department of the Interior, administered through the Bureau of Historic Preservation, Division of
Historical Resources, Florida Department of State, assisted by the Historic Presen'ation Advisory Council. However,
the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the Department of the Interior or the
Florida Department of State, nor does the mention of trade names or cOl1vnercial products constitute endorsement or
reconvnendation by the Department of the Interior or the Florida Department of State, This program receives Federal
financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S, Depamnent
of the Interior prohibits discn'mination on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability, or age in its federally
assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in an program, activity, or facility as described
above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office for Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, Post
Office Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
~
List of Figures
11
Acknowledgments
III
1.0 Introduction
1-1
2.0 Survey Methodology and Criteria
2.1 Historical! Architectural Considerations
2.2 Fieldvvork
2.3 Research Methods
2.4 Survey Criteria
2-1
2-1
2-3
2-3
3.0 Historical Overview
3-1
4.0 Survey Results
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Architectural Analysis
4.3 National Register of Historic Places
4.4 Potentially Eligible Individual Properties
4.5 National Register Historic Districts
4.6 Properties Recommended for Revitalization
4-1
4-1
4-2
4-2
4-3
4-3
4-6
5.0 Recommendations
5.1 Recommended Actions for the City of Clearvvater
5.2 Recommended Financial and Legal Techniques
5.3 Federal Financial Incentives and Programs
5.4 State Incentives and Programs
5-1
5-1
5-7
5-9
5-10
6.0 Bibliography
6-1
Appendix A: Previously Recorded Buildings
Appendix B: List of Buildings Surveyed
VOLUME n
VOLUME ill
VOLUME IV
VOLUME V
VOLUME VI
VOLUME vn
Florida Site Forms
Florida Site Forms
Florida Site Forms
Florida Site Forms
Florida Site Forms
Florida Site Forms
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LIST OF FIGURES
Section and
Figure Number
1.1 Project Location Map
3.1 Plat Map, 1846
3.2 Map of Clearwater, 1885
4.1 - 4.8 Location of Newly Recorded Sites
4.9 Location of National Register Listed and Determined
Eligible Properties
4.10 Location of Properties Recommended for Revitalization
11
Follows Page
1-1
3-3
3-6
4-1
4-3
4-7
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Louis R. Hilton, Senior Planner, Economic Development Team of the City of
Clearwater, served as project supervisor. He administered the grant, guided the survey,
and coordinated project tasks with Archaeological Consultants, Inc. (ACI) as well as the
Pinellas County Property Appraiser's Office.
Much appreciation is extended to Charles D. Dye, Director of Cartography for the
Pinellas County Property Appraiser's Office. He, along with his staff, compiled and
provided a printout of "tax cards" for all pre-1950 buildings located in the project area,
and loaned ACI a copy of the Property Appraiser's atlas for the project area. Tom
Mahony, Engineering CADD Manager, City of Clearwater Public Works Administration,
produced aerials and maps for the final survey report.
Special thanks are also given to Michael Sanders, local historian, who shared his
extensive knowledge and collection of materials related to Clearwater's history. He
answered numerous questions about the physical development of the survey area and
loaned the project team mater ials from his personal collection.
Don Ivey, Curator of Collections at Pinellas County's Heritage Village, provided
tremendous assistance throughout the course of our archival research.
This survey was greatly enhanced through the generous cooperation of many
individuals in the Clearwater area. They provided information about their residences and
business establishments, shared their personal histories, and recounted memories about
their neighborhoods.
Finally, we thank the Bureau of Historic Preservation staff, especially Fred Gaske,
Historic Preservationist Supervisor, and Vicki Cole, Historic Preservation Planner, in the
Grants and Education Section. Their expertise in guiding the administration of this project
was critical to its success.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The City of Clearwater hired Archaeological Consultants, Inc. (ACI) to conduct
a historic preservation survey of the Clearwater Central Business District and an adjoining
area known as the Old Clearwater Bay Neighborhood. ACI conducted a field survey and
archival research of these areas in July and August of 1997. This report (Volume 1)
describes the methods and results of the survey. Volumes II, III, IV, and V contain the
490 Florida Site File (FSF) forms completed by ACI, and previous surveys.
The City of Clearwater applied for, and received, a state survey and planning grant
from the Florida Department of State, Division of Historical Resources to undertake a
survey of historic resources in the Clearwater Central Business District and the
surrounding Old Clearwater Bay Neighborhood (Figure 1.1). The Clearwater Central
Business District is being actively redeveloped pursuant to an extensive Community
Redevelopment plan. The Old Clearwater Bay Neighborhood is becoming "gentrified"
due to its waterfront location and proximity to the redeveloping downtown. The goal of
this project was to identify and document all buildings, not previously surveyed,
constructed before 1947 within the project area.
In addition to creating a comprehensive inventory, the goal of this survey was to
identify historic resources for planning, community education, and regulatory purposes.
Clearwater has an active regulatory-based architectural design review program for its
downtown area. This survey will assist the city in the effective implementation of this
design review program as it applies to historic structures and potential historic districts.
Educational benefits anticipated from the survey include the promotion of the city
design review program, identification and acknowledgment of area historic resources, and
enhanced tourism (achieved through high quality redevelopment, protection of historic
resources, etc.) to create an "atmosphere" in which property values and community
resource appreciation increase.
At the time the grant application was written, available data suggested that there
were more than 500 buildings within the 500-acre project area with a pre-1947 date of
construction. Background research indicated that 93 buildings located in the project area
were listed in the Florida Site File (FSF) from previous surveys; ACI identified an
additional 450 historic structures. ACI completed the field work, photography, individual
property site maps, 490 FSF forms (40 FSF forms were updated), and a Final Survey
Report summarizing the findings.
The Final Survey Report is divided into six sections. Section 1 contains an
introduction to the project as well as the scope of work. Section 2 discusses the previous
surveys undertaken in the project area and the field and archival research methods
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1 KILOMETER
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Figure 1.1. Project Location Map. Shaded area represents
the Clearwater Central Business District and Old Clearwater
Bay Neighborhood (USGS Clearwater, Fla. 1974, PR 1987).
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CONSULTANTS
INCORPORATED
Sarasola, Florida
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employed during the survey. Section 3 presents an historical overview of Clearwater with
particular attention focused on significant events and developments related to the project
area. In Section 4, the survey results are explained, potentially eligible National Register
buildings are identified, and a brief architectural analysis is presented. Section 5 presents
recommendations for future survey, planning, and preservation actions. The bibliography
is contained in Section 6 and the Florida Site File forms are in Volumes II-VII.
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2.0 SURVEY METHODOLOGY AND CRITERIA
The methodology for the Clearwater Central Business District and Old Clearwater
Bay Neighborhood survey followed a widely accepted process for architectural survey
administered by the Bureau of Historic Preservation, Division of Historical Resources.
2.1 Historical! Architectural Considerations
An examination of the FSF indicated that 93 historic buildings were recorded
previously in the project area (Appendix A) including the following individual properties
which are listed in the National Register of Historic Places: the Cleveland Street Post
Office (8PI317) at 650 Cleveland Street, the South Ward School (8PI165) at 610 S. Fort
Harrison Avenue, and the Old Pinellas County Courthouse (8PI1894) at 315 Court Street.
In addition, six other individual properties previously were evaluated as potentially eligible
for listing in the National Register. These are enumerated below.
Background research indicated that several surveys had been conducted within the
project vicinity. In 1976, the Volunteers in Preservation (VIP) conducted a historic survey
in the Clearwater Central Business District. Ten members of the Clearwater Junior League
and the Clearwater Community Woman's Club started the VIP which surveyed a 140-acre
area of the downtown, west of Myrtle Avenue. However, the data collected from this
survey were not submitted to the Florida Division of Historical Resources, and the City
of Clearwater does not have a copy of the report. The only information about this survey
was found in a newspaper article, "Downtown Renewal Plans Get Historical Slant from
Survey," that appeared in the June 6, 1976 edition of the Clearwater Sun.
In 1984, the City of Clearwater's Department of Planning and Urban Development
updated its 1977 Historic Preservation Plan. This revised plan also serves as the Historic
Preservation Element to the city's Comprehensive Land Use Plan. The purpose of the plan
was to "guide the City of Clearwater and its community interest groups in a direction
which will protect, preserve, and enhance historical places which have architectural,
archaeological, and historical significance". Three overall goals were stated in the plan:
preserve and protect structures and their surroundings which have historical and
architectural significance; encourage designation of all notable structures within the City;
and restore and rehabilitate identified and designated historic sites and properties, which
due to their current state of repair, need positive action to insure their preservation. At
the time the plan was written, four buildings in Clearwater were listed in the National
Register (Cleveland Street Post Office, Louis Ducros House; Donald Roebling Estate; and
South Ward School) and five properties were listed in the FSF (Clearwater Beach Hotel;
Joseph Elderidge/Mary Brown House; Coachman Building; Plumb Sister's House; and
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Sylvan Abbey Cemetery). The plan provided a strategy for implementing the identified
goals and objectives.
In 1993, ACI performed a Cultural Resource Assessment Survey of the Drew
Street/SR 590 Project Development & Environment (PD&E) study area in Clearwater.
The intent was to locate and identify any cultural resources within the project impact zone
in order to assess their significance in terms of eligibility for listing in the National
Register. A total of 100 historic structures, dating from ca. 1905 through the early 1940s,
was recorded and evaluated. Thirty-four of these structures are located within the
Clearwater Central Business District portion of the current survey area. As part of this
PD&E study, Determinations of Eligibility (DOEs) were prepared for the Calvary Baptist
Church (8PI2251) at 331 Cleveland Street, the original Guaranty Title and Trust Building
(8PI2255) at 411 Cleveland Street, and the Coachman Building (8PI860) at 503 Cleveland
Street. All were considered potentially eligible for listing in tl1e National Register.
Also in 1993, Jan Abell and Michael Holmes of Jan Abell/Kenneth Garcia
Partnership conducted a North Greenwood Building Survey. This survey resulted in the
identification and recordation of 310 structures in the North Greenwood area of
Clearwater. The majority of the historic structures recorded during the survey were frame,
single family houses that date from the 1910 to 1935 era. No properties within the North
Greenwood area were listed previously in the National Register and none was identified
as potentially eligible for inclusion in the National Register. Of the 310 properties
recorded, approximately 53 are located in the current survey area.
HDR Engineering conducted a Cultural Resource Assessment Survey for the
Clearwater Memorial Causeway Bridge PD&E study in 1996. As a result of this survey, .
DOEs were prepared for three properties located within the Clearwater Central Business
District: the Haven Street House (8PI8022) at 400 Pierce Boulevard (115 Court Street),
the Fort Harrison Hotel (8PI8023) at 210 S. Fort Harrison Avenue, and the Peace
Memorial Presbyterian Church (8PI8024) at 110 S. Fort Harrison Avenue. All were
considered potentially eligible for listing in the National Register.
2.2 Fieldwork
Fieldwork for the Historic Preservation Survey and Planning Project for the City
of Clearwater focusing on the Central Business District and Old Clearwater Bay
Neighborhood was conducted in two phases during July and August of 1997. At the
initiation of the project, ACI received a set of aerials (1" = 100' scale) from the City of
Clearwater marked with the survey area boundaries. Using these aerials, ACI conducted
the fIrst phase of the survey, a visual reconnaissance to determine the approximate number
of buildings to be recorded. Based on the number of historic buildings identified during
this initial reconnaissance, the parameters of the survey were extended to include all
resources constructed prior to 1950.
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The second phase, an in-depth study of each identified resource, followed.
Architectural historians photographed and recorded the information needed for the
completion of a FSF form for each building. Surveyors completed architectural
descriptions including information on additions, alterations, ancillary structures, and
landscaping for each historic resource. When possible, occupants were interviewed
concerning original owners, dates of construction, builders, architects, additions, and
alterations as well as recollections about the community's development. Architectural
historians assigned an approximate date of construction for most buildings based on
Sanborn maps, city directories, property appraisers' records, the architectural style, and
materials used in construction.
The Pinellas County Property Appraiser's Office compiled and provided a printout
of "tax cards" for all pre-1947 buildings in the project area. The information, including
the tax parcel number, current property owner, subdivision name, block and lot number,
and the date of construction, is required on the FSF form. The Property Appraiser's
Office provided further assistance after the survey was extended by gathering this
information for buildings constructed between 1947 and 1950.
The City of Clearwater provided 1/4-section atlas sheets (1" =200' scale) for the
project area which illustrated individual lot boundaries, street names, addresses, and
boundaries of recorded subdivisions. Copies were made of these atlas sheets and the
location of each property was plotted on the appropriate sheet as well as on a copy of the
Clearwater United States Geological Survey (USGS) quadrangle map to be included (as
pages 3 and 4) with each FSF form.
Architectural historians kept a photographic log for each roll of film. Each
photograph was processed and printed according to archival standards and was labeled with
address and FSF number following the requirements of the Division of Historical
Resources.
As FSF forms were completed in the field, the data were input into ACI's
computerized FSF form which is based on the Division of Historical Resources
"SmartForm." After input, a completed final FSF form was generated for each building.
These efforts resulted in a systematic study of each of the 490 historic buildings.
2.3 Research Methods
Document research for the field survey included architectural references, Polk's
City Directories, and Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps. Clearwater City Directories from
1921 through 1950 were examined at the State Library of Florida, the Clearwater Public
Library, and Pinellas County's Heritage Village. Sanborn Maps dating from 1913, 1917,
1923, 1929, 1929 (with updates in 1942 and 1946), and 1965 were studied in the Florida
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2-4
Collection at the State Library of Florida and at Pinellas County's Heritage Village.
Historic photographs and postcards of buildings in the survey area were located and
reviewed at Pinellas County's Heritage Village, and in the private collection of Michael
Sanders.
Primary and secondary sources were reviewed to compile the historical overview
of Clearwater included in this report. Resources consulted include historical accounts and
newspaper articles located in the vertical files of the Clearwater Public Library, and
Pinellas County's Heritage Village; subdivision plats from the Pinellas County Clerk of
Circuit Court; original Plat Maps, Field Notes, and Tract Book entries located at the State
of Florida, Department of Natural Resources, Division of State Lands, Land Records and
Title Section; personal interviews; and journals and books located at the Clearwater Public
Library, the State Library of Florida, Pinellas County's Heritage Village, and ACl's
project files and in-house library.
2.4 Survey Criteria
The Historic Preservation Survey and Planning Project for the City of Clearwater
was conducted according to the standards and criteria set forth by the Bureau of Historic
Preservation, Division of Historical Resources, Florida Department of State. These
standards and criteria are based on those used to evaluate properties for inclusion in the
National Register of Historic Places. In this way, the survey results are consistent and can
be used as an authoritative data bank for those agencies required to comply with both state
and federal preservation regulations. The criteria are worded in a subjective manner in
order to provide for the diversity of resources in the United States.
A property is eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places if it
meets one or more of the National Register criteria. The criteria for evaluating a
property's eligibility for listing in the National Register are as follows:
The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archaeology,
engineering, and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that
possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and
association; and
A. That are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to
broad patterns of our history; or
B. That are associated with lives of persons significant in the past; or
C. That embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic
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values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components
may lack individual distinction; or
D. That have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important In
prehistory or history.
Certain properties are not ordinarily considered for inclusion in the National
Register. They include cemeteries, birthplaces or graves of historical figures, properties
owned by religious institutions or used for religious purposes, structures that have been
moved from their original locations, reconstructed historic buildings, properties primarily
commemorative in nature, and properties that have achieved significance within the past
50 years. However, such properties will qualify if they are integral parts of districts that
do meet the criteria or if they fall within the following categories:
A. A religious property deriving primary significance from architectural or artistic
distinction or historical importance; or
B. A building or structure moved from its original location but which is significant
primarily for architectural value, or which is the surviving structure most
importantly associated with a historic person or event; or
C. A birthplace or grave of an historical figure of outstanding importance if there
is no appropriate site or building directly associated with his productive life; or
D. A cemetery which derives its primary significance from graves of persons of
transcendent importance, from age, from distinctive design features, or from
association with historic events; or
E. A reconstructed building when accurately executed in a suitable environment
and presented in a dignified manner as part of a restoration master plan, and when
no other building or structure with the same association has survived; or
F. A property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradition, or
symbolic value has invested it with its own historical significance; or
G. A property achieving significance within the past fifty years if it IS of
exceptional importance.
In addition to meeting the National Register criteria, a property must have
maintained its historic integrity. Historic integrity is defined as the authenticity of a
property's historic identity, evidenced by the survival of physical characteristics that
existed during the property's historic period. Historic integrity enables a property to
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illustrate significant aspects of its past. The National Register criteria recognizes seven
aspects or qualities that, in various combinations, define integrity.
The seven aspects of integrity are location, design, setting, materials,
workmanship, feeling, and association. Location is the place where the historic property
was constructed or where the historic event occurred. Design is the combination of
elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a property. Setting is
the physical environment of a historic property. Materials are the physical elements that
were combined during a particular period of time and in a particular pattern or
configuration to form a historic property. Workmanship is the physical evidence of the
crafts of a particular culture or people during any given period in history or prehistory.
Feeling is a property's expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period
of time. Association is the direct link between a historic event or person, and a historic
property. All seven qualities do not need to be present for eligibility as long as the overall
sense of past time and place is evident (National Register Bulletin 15: How the Apply the
National Register Criteria for Evaluation).
The Division of Historical Resources uses the same criteria in a somewhat less
restrictive manner in selecting properties to be placed in the Florida Site File. This allows
for the recordation of more properties of state and local significance than normally would
be included in the National Register. It should be pointed out that the Florida Site File is
not a state historic register, but an inventory which is intended as a planning tool and as
a central repository of archival data for Florida's built environment.
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3.0 mSTORICAL OVERVIEW
The cultural traditions of the native Floridians ended with the advent of European
expeditions to the New World. The initial events, authorized by the Spanish crown in the
1500s, ushered in devastating European contact. Explorers such as Ponce de Leon,
Panfilo de Narvaez, Hernando de Soto, Francisco Maria Celi, and Bernard Romans
explored the Gulf Coast and the Tampa Bay vicinity but did not leave any specific
descriptions of the Clearwater area. By the early 1700s, the native populations were
largely wiped out--ravaged by conquest, disease, and the typical effects of European
contact.
The land which now constitutes the State of Florida was ceded to England in 1763
after two centuries of Spanish possession. England governed Florida until 1783, when the
Treaty of Paris returned Florida to Spain; however, Spanish influence was nominal during
this second period of ownership. Prior to the American colonial settlement of Florida,
portions of the Creek nation and remnants of other Indian groups from Alabama, Georgia,
and South Carolina moved into Florida and repopulated the vacuum created by the
dissemination of the aboriginal inhabitants. The Seminoles, as these migrating groups of
Indians became known, formed at various times loose confederacies for mutual protection
against the new American Nation to the north (Tebeau 1971:72).
The bloody conflict between the Americans and the Seminoles over Florida first
came to a head in 1818, and was subsequently known as the First Seminole War. In the
Treaty of Moultrie Creek at the end of the war in 1823, the Seminoles relinquished their
claim to the whole peninsula in return for occupancy of approximately four million acres
of reservation south of Ocala and north of Charlotte Harbor (Mahon 1967:50). As a result
of the war and the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, Florida became a United States Territory
in 1821, but settlement was slow and scattered during the early years. At that time, St.
Johns County encompassed all of Florida lying east of the Suwannee River, including
present day Pinellas County, and Escambia County included the land lying to the west.
In the first territorial census in 1825, some 5,077 persons reportedly lived east of the
Suwannee River; by 1830 that number had risen to 8,956 (Tebeau 1971: 134). The
inadequacy of the reservation and the desperate situation of the Seminoles living there,
plus the mounting demand of the whites for their removal, soon produced another conflict.
In 1824, Fort Brooke was established on the south side of the mouth of the
Hillsborough River, in what is now downtown Tampa, for the purpose of overseeing the
angered Seminoles. By 1835, the Second Seminole War was underway. Although most
of the fighting occurred around the Kissimmee River and Everglades regions, sporadic
outbreaks of violence erupted throughout central and south Florida. In 1837, Fort Brooke
was designated the headquarters for the Army of the South and the main garrison for the
Seminole wars. The fort also served as a haven for settlers who left their farms to seek
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3-2
protection from the warring Seminoles. In the Clearwater vicinity, the army established
Fort Harrison on April 2, 1841 which served as a recuperation center for sick and
wounded soldiers from the Sixth Infantry. The fort, named after General William Henry
Harrison, who became president in 1841 and died after a month in office, was abandoned
in November 1841. The following year, the federal government decided to end the
conflict by withdrawing troops from Florida (Dunn 1973: 14). Some of the battle weary
Seminoles were persuaded to emigrate west where the federal government had set aside
land for Native American inhabitation. However, those who were adamant about
remaining were allowed to do so, but were pushed further south into the Everglades and
Big Cypress Swamp. This area became the last stronghold for the Seminoles (Tebeau
1971: 158-168). The surveys, military trails, and forts resulting from the war provided
invaluable assistance in the settlement of Florida.
Encouraged by the passage of the Armed Occupation Act in 1842, which was
designed to promote settlement and protect the Florida frontier, Anglo-American pioneers
and their families moved south through Florida. The Act made available 200,000 acres
outside the already developed regions south of Gainesville to the Peace River, barring
coastal lands and those within a two mile radius of a fort. The Armed Occupation Act
stipulated that any family or single man over 18 years of age able to bear arms could earn
title to 160 acres by erecting a habitable dwelling, cultivating at least five acres of land,
and living on it for five years. During the nine month period the law was in effect, 1184
permits were issued totaling some 189,440 acres (Covington 1961:48). Twenty-four
individuals filed claims under this act in the territory which would become Pine lias County
(Dunn 1973: 15).
At the time, the Clearwater area fell under the jurisdiction of Hillsborough County
which had been established in 1834. The county covered an area that today comprises
Pinellas, Pasco, Polk, Manatee, Sarasota, DeSoto, Charlotte, Highlands, Hardee, and
Hillsborough Counties. In 1840, the population of Hillsborough County totaled 452
including 287 soldiers at Fort Brooke (Dunn 1973:22). In 1845, the Union admitted the
State of Florida with Tallahassee as the capital. By 1850, the population on the Pinellas
peninsula numbered 178 individuals from 35 families (Dunn 1973:22). Most of the
settlement concentrated around the top of Old Tampa Bay near the homestead of Dr. Odet
Philippe, who established a plantation known as Saint Helena Plantation. Philippe, a titled
Frenchman who served as a surgeon under Napoleon, is also credited with introducing the
technique of planting citrus in rows (Sanders 1983: 12; Straub 1929:33). Other early
settlers included James Stevens, Samuel Stevenson, Elias Hart, Richard Booth, and
Captain James Parramore McMullen, the first of the seven McMullen brothers who settled
in Pinellas County. In 1844, A.M. Randolph laid the exterior Township lines for
Township 29 South, Range 15 East which contains the project area. Sam Reid platted the
section lines for the mainland in May 1846 while J.P. Apthorp surveyed the islands in
1875. Reid described most of the land in Township 29 South, Range 15 East as third rate
pine and saw palmetto with some mention of live oak scrub (Field Notes Vol. 68). The
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3-3
plat map depicts the tree cover, several lakes and rivers as well as the "road from
Clearwater Harbour" winding through Sections 16, 15, 10, 11, and 2 (Plat Map 1846)
(Figure 3.1). In 1849, Hillsborough County commissioners authorized construction of the
first road from Tampa to Clearwater (Sanders 1983: 13).
In December of 1855, the Third Seminole War, or the Billy Bowlegs War, started
as a result of pressure placed on Native Americans remaining in Florida to emigrate west.
The war originated in what is now Collier County when Seminole Chief Billy Bowlegs and
30 warriors attacked an army camp killing four soldiers and wounding four others. The
attack was in retaliation for damage done by several artillerymen to banana plants
belonging to Billy Bowlegs. This hostile action renewed state and federal interest in the
final elimination of the Seminoles from Florida (Covington 1982). Military action was not
decisive in this Third Seminole War; therefore, in 1858, the U.S. Government resorted
to monetary persuasion to induce the remaining Seminoles to migrate west. Chief Billy
Bowlegs accepted $5,000 for himself, and $2,500 for his lost cattle. Each warrior
received $5,000, and $100 was given to each woman and child. On May 4, 1858, the ship
Grey Cloud set sail from Fort Myers with 38 Seminole warriors and 85 Seminole women
and children. Stopping at Egmont Key, 41 captives and a Seminole woman guide were
added to the group. This made for a total of 165 Seminoles migrating west. On May 8,
1858, the Third Seminole War was officially declared at an end (Covington 1982:78-80).
Around 1858, William Campbell erected the first commercial building in
Clearwater, named for the natural clear springs rising from its harbor. In August 1859,
a post office was established under the name Clear Water Harbor (now Clearwater)
(Bradbury and Hallock 1962: 17). Prior to the establishment of the post office, mail
arrived either by foot from Tampa or by the steamer, the Madison Packet, from Cedar
Keys once a week. Supplies, as well as mail, arrived from Cedar Keys, where Florida's
first railroad ended from Fernandina, on the east coast (Sanders 1983: 13). Before the
Civil War, approximately 52 deeds were issued for lands on the Pinellas peninsula
(Sanders 1983: 12; Dunn 1973: 15). At the time, the peninsula contained 381 people from
82 families. Twenty-two houses were vacant at the time the census was taken (Dunn
1973:22). The first orange grove was planted in the 1840s by Samuel Stevenson, but most
of the trees were destroyed during the "Gale of '48 ". If taken to market at all, citrus was
shipped by boat to Cedar Keys to be shipped north. Oranges brought only about $15 per
thousand. Shipped in barrels, the fruit was often carelessly packed and arrived in poor
condition. Citrus did not develop into a major industry until the railroad arrived which
could transport fruit to market quickly and economically. Prior to the railroad, sea island
cotton, fishing, and cattle, which brought high returns on the Cuban market, remained the
primary industries. Most pioneers managed small, self-sufficient farms with perhaps
enough surplus produce to send to market (Sanders 1983: 13; Woman's Club 1917).
In 1861, Florida followed South Carolina's lead and seceded from the Union in a
prelude to the American Civil War. Florida had much at stake in this war as evidenced
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3-4
in a report released from Tallahassee in June of 1861. It listed the value of land in
Florida's 35 counties as $35,127,721 and the value of the slaves in the state at
$29,024,513 (Dunn 1989:59). Even though the coast of Florida, including the port of
Tampa, experienced a naval blockade during the war, the interior of the state saw very
little military action (Robinson 1928:43). Many male residents abandoned their farms and
settlements to join the Union army at one of the coastal areas retained by the United States
government or joined the Confederate cow cavalry. The Confederate cow cavalry
provided one of the major contributions of the state to the Confederate war effort by
supplying and protecting the transportation of beef to the government (Akerman 1976:93-
95). Salt works along the Gulf Coast also functioned as a major contributor to the efforts
of the Confederacy. During the war, Union gun boats raided Clearwater, taking
provisions and supplies from area residents. James McMullen organized a company of
Confederate volunteers called the Home Guards in 1861 and served as its captain. The
company disbanded within a few months, but the men soon joined other companies
(Woman's Club 1917). The war lasted until 1865 when General Robert E. Lee
surrendered to General U.S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia.
Immediately following the war, the South underwent a period of "Reconstruction"
to prepare the Confederate states for readmission to the Union. The program was
administered by the U. S. Congress, and on July 25, 1868 Florida officially returned to
the Union (Tebeau 1971:251). Civilian activity slowly resumed a normal pace after
recovery from wartime depressions and the population continued to expand. By 1870, the
population had doubled since the 1860 census to total 781 individuals from 164 families
(Dunn 1973:22). The Clearwater post office discontinued in March 1867 but was quickly
reestablished in June 1870 (Bradbury and Hallock 1962: 17). Shortly thereafter, the.c.kar
Water Times, the area's first newspaper, published its premiere edition in 1873. The
founding editor, Reverend C.S. Reynolds, emigrated from New York and established
newspapers in Tampa, Ocala, Palatka, and Key West. An article written by Reynolds in
the August 23, 1873 issue of the Clear Water Times described Clearwater in the following
way:
We have good schools, churches well attended, and the most orderly
population I have ever known... Within five years more the young orange
groves which have been planted with other fruits that will be bearing, will
make the residents of this section independently rich (Dunn 1973:18).
Reynolds also organized the first Baptist church in Clearwater and supervised the
construction of a log building to house the church. The log building was claimed by all
denominations and served as "the social and religious center of the community" (Woman's
Club 1917). The first public school on the Pinellas peninsula met in this church in 1873
(Woman's Club 1917).
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3-5
By 1880, the Pinellas peninsula boasted 1,111 people and 240 houses (Dunn
1973:22). The 1880 census recorded a total of 64 families and 290 residents in Township
29 South, Range 15 East, which contains the project area. This represented the largest
concentration of people living on the Pinellas peninsula. This growth was explained by
the fact that after the Civil War, Southerners sought new homes to escape the unrest in the
neighboring ex-Confederate states. In addition, the war brought prosperity to a large
number of Northerners who sought vacation homes in warmer climates (Shofner 1995:83).
The tourism industry commenced in Clearwater in the early 1880s with the erection of the
Orange Bluff Hotel and, a few years later, the Sea View Hotel. In April 1885, Dr. W.e.
Van Bibber of Baltimore praised the Pinellas peninsula as the healthiest spot on earth at
the American Medical Society Convention in New Orleans. His report prompted a flood
of tourists and emigrants advised by their doctors to settle in Florida (Pinellas County
Planning Department 1995:22).
Development originated in the 1850s but remained slow in the area until the 1880s
when the railroad .....1 ived. By Act of Congress in 1850, the federal government turned
over to the states fer drainage and reclamation all "swamp and overflow land." Florida
received some 10,000,000 acres. To manage that land and the 500,000 acres the state had
received on entering the Union, the Florida Legislature in 1851 created the Board of
Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund. In 1855, the legislature set up a trust
fund, the Florida Internal Improvement Fund, in which state lands were to be held. The
fund became mired in debt after the Civil War and under state law no land could be sold
until the debt was cleared. In 1881, Hamilton Disston, a member of a prominent
Pennsylvania saw manufacturing family and friend of then Governor William Bloxham,
entered into agreement with the State of Florida to purchase four million acres of swamp
and overflowed land for one million dollars. In exchange for this, he promised to drain
and improve the land. This transaction, which became known as the Disston Purchase,
enabled the distribution of large land subsidies to railroad companies, inducing them to
begin extensive construction programs for new lines throughout the state. Disston and the
railroad companies in turn sold smaller parcels of land to developers and private investors
(Tebeau 1965:252).
Improvements in transportation systems played a major role in establishing cities
in Florida and fostering growth within the project area. The Orange Belt Railroad
Company, organized by Peter A. Demens (Piotr DeMentieff), was the first railroad to
service the Pinellas peninsula. Demens constructed a narrow gauge railway line from
Sanford through Clearwater to St. Petersburg, a town he named after his native city of St.
Petersburg, Russia. The Orange Belt arrived in Clearwater in 1888. At the same time as
the construction of the Orange Belt, Henry Bradley Plant, a prominent railroad operator
in Georgia and South Carolina, wanted to expand his railway lines into Florida, a place
he considered the only isolated area remaining in the south. In 1883, he purchased a
charter from Alfred M. Parslow to build a railroad from Kissimmee to Tampa. Because
the charter had only a seven month life remaining, Plant constructed the railroad from both
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3-6
ends to meet in the middle. With this segment complete, there was a cross-state railroad
connecting Tampa with Sanford and Jacksonville to the north (Bruton and Bailey 1984:72).
The Plant System overtook the Orange Belt Railway in 1895 due to the many financial
difficulties suffered by the Orange Belt while under construction and during its early
operation. Thereafter, the Orange Belt operated under the names of Sanford & St.
Petersburg Railroad and the Florida Central & Peninsular Railroad. In 1902, it became
the Atlantic Coast Line which served the area until merged with the Seaboard Air Line
Railroad in 1967 to become the Seaboard Coast Line (Covington 1957:182; Horgan tl...aL
1992: 126, 156-7).
When the Orange Belt arrived in 1888, approximately 18 families lived in
Clearwater; there were neither paved streets nor other improvements (Woman's Club
1917). Developers filed the first plats in the project area as a result of the impetus of the
railroad's arrival. The earliest plat was entitled Jones Subdivision of Nicholsons, filed on
June 10, 1887 and platted by J. R. Swingley. Other early plats included Earl & Tate's
Subdivision (1888), Gould & Ewings First Addition (1889), Gould & Ewings Second
Addition (1891), and Hart's Addition to Clearwater (1895) (Pinellas County flat Books
HI & 3). As a result of the stimulus caused by the capital of the railroads and the
improved transportation systems, central Florida prospered. More settlers gained access
to the state, land for citrus groves grew more accessible, and adequate and economical
transportation for citrus crops and naval stores destined for northern markets became a
reality. Harvesting of lumber for building supplies and turpentine, along with the arrival
of the railroad, decimated the stands of virgin pine, cypress, and hardwoods in Florida and
on the Pinellas peninsula (Pinellas County Planning Department 1995: 17). The railroad
era also saw increased tourism as well as a growing permanent population. In 1884, A.C.
Turner initiated the publication of the second newspaper in the area with the We.s..t
Hillsborough Times. This paper continued until 1892 when R.J. Morgan purchased the
paper and moved it to St. Petersburg. An 1885 map of Clearwater prepared by surveyor
J.L. Rousseau and cartographer B.W. Maddak was published in the 1917 history prepared
by the Woman's Club. Local landmarks are shown on the map including the home of the
West Hillsborough Times, Munnerlyn's "Warf" and store, the dock, the Sea View Hotel,
the Orange Bluff Hotel, and the railroad. Local streets shown include Fort Harrison
Avenue, Cleveland Street, and Church Street interspersed among divided lots and a large
area to the east marked "prairie" (Dunn 1973:21) (Figure 3.2).
Most of the land in the project area was purchased in the 1870s and 1880s. Prior
to that time, many of the settlers simply lived on the land without actually purchasing it.
The first settler to buy land was Peter Strange in 1853. Other homesteaders through the
1870s and 1880s included William S. Collins, William Campbell, John Green, Fred
Thompson, George Meeks, E.H. White, Charles Coit, and Joseph Brownlow (Tract Book
Vol. 13:243). S.S. Coachman, a prominent early settler, arrived in Clearwater in 1886
and established a sawmill on the site near where the Belleview Hotel now stands. In 1894
,
he built one of the first brick buildings in the county to house his general store, "S.S.
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3-7
Coachman & Sons." Coachman purchased the old homestead and log cabin of James
McM ullen in 1902 (Atkins 1942). His considerable land holdings were referred to as
"Coachman" by the late 1920s. According to a 1929 description, "three paved roads give
easy access to all sections of Mr. Coachman's large holdings, and the brick road,
connecting Tampa and Clearwater, also goes through Coachman (Straub 1929:234)."
Among his accomplishments, this Clearwater pioneer was one of the largest citrus grove
owners in Pinellas County (Straub 1929:234). Coachman became chairman of the first
Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners, and was also a Clearwater City
Councilman (Dunn 1973:49).
Clearwater incorporated in 1891 and received a special charter in 1897 (Dunn
1973:22). In 1895, the Clear Water Harbor post office changed its designation to
Clearwater Harbor, and, in 1906, dropped the word "Harbor" to become simply
Clearwater (Bradbury and Hallock 1962: 17). In 1894, Clearwater received a third
newspaper when Reverend C.S. Reynolds established another paper, the West Hillsboro
IIess. Due to illness, he sold the paper to Leroy Brandon in 1896. After other purchases,
a stock company was formed and the paper adopted the name of Clearwater News.
During the winter of 1894-95, the "Great Freeze" devastated ninety percent of
Florida's emerging citrus industry. In the year prior to the freeze, groves produced
5,550,367 boxes of fruit; in the year after, only 150,000 boxes were picked (Hatton
1987:29). One grove in Clearwater which was almost untouched by the frigid weather
belonged to Phillip 1. Bayly, whose land sat "high-up" on a bluff, now known as Belleair
Bluffs (Sanders 1980:9). His grove was saved by a northwest breeze off the Gulf and by
having the seedlings wrapped in fertilizer sacks. He pioneered gift-wrapped and mail-
away citrus. Oranges which survived the freeze garnered as much as $15 per crate
compared to $1.50 per crate before the freeze. Some discouraged growers whose crops
were destroyed turned to truck farming tobacco and cotton after the freeze, which were
faster crops to grow, as well as to strawberries. The freeze served to push the frost line
south a couple hundred miles. As a result, north Florida citrus growers established groves
further south in areas only slightly touched by the freeze, including the Clearwater vicinity
(Sanders 1983:25-26).
The first real road improvements in Clearwater developed as a result of the bicycle
craze in the late 1890s. Bicycle paths paved with clay or shell and sometimes covered with
pine straw radiated from the town. In 1895, the only paved streets in Clearwater were
Cleveland Street, from the harbor to the Orange Belt Railroad station, and Fort Harrison
A venue from Cleveland Street to a point south of the original Methodist Church. Both
Cleveland Street and Fort Harrison Avenue were paved with shell removed from a local
aboriginal site situated near Clearwater Harbor (Dunn 1973:23). The following year,
Cleveland Street was widened from 40 to 80 feet, and a clay road was built from South
Fort Harrison A venue to the entrance of the Belleview Hotel which was under
construction. On January 15, 1897, Henry Plant opened the Belleview Hotel, located
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3-8
south of Clearwater on a bluff overlooking Clearwater Harbor. A line from the Orange
Belt Railroad, acquired by Plant in 1895, ran directly to the hotel. The hotel, which
became a popular tourist resort for the wealthy, featured 600 rooms, an asphalt bicycle
track located nearby, and the fIrst golf course with greens rather than sand. By 1915, the
hotel featured an 18-hole golf course, designed by Donald J. Ross, a famous American
golf architect. Although the Belleview was not located directly in Clearwater, the
popularity of the hotel and the surrounding community of Belleair brought prosperity to
the city of Clearwater as well (Sanders 1983:27; Dunn 1973:24; Woman's Club 1917;
Hatton 1987:29).
During the first two decades of the new century, the Pinellas peninsula witnessed
the introduction of electricity, telephone service, modern utilities, and automobile
transportation. Clearwater experienced a population explosion during the first decade of
the new century. According to the 1900 census, 343 people resided in Clearwater. By
1910, the number ofresidents increased to 1,171, more than tripled from the 1900 figure
(Pinellas County Planning Department 1995:98). In 1908, the main business section
stretched from Osceola Avenue along Cleveland Street to Garden A venue with one or two
businesses on Fort Harrison Avenue. A grass strip planted with palm trees featuring a
"little pavilion stand in the middle" stretched down Cleveland Street from Osceola Avenue
to Fort Harrison Avenue. At that time, Cleveland Street did not really exist past the
railroad tracks. According to Ora Hart who arrived in Clearwater in 1908, "Lucius
Glenn, a fIne negro man, lived in a home where the Post Office is now. That was sort of
out in the country (Clearwater Sun 10/5/64)." Clearwater received telephone service in
1903 and electric in 1905 (Sanders 1983:47; Dunn 1973:25-26). The public dock and
recreational pavilion, built in 1902 at the foot of Cleveland Street, functioned as the center
of activity at the turn of the century. A Board of Trade, the precursor to the Chamber of
Commerce, formed in 1905 to promote improvements in waterworks and sewers. In 1900,
the first ice factory was constructed. This developed into a water system for the
community when a water main was installed from the ice factory to the corner of
Cleveland Street and Fort Harrison Avenue. In 1910, the City purchased the plant, and
the following year voters approved bonds for the construction of waterworks and
sewerage. In 1910, Congress appropriated $29,000 to dredge Clearwater and Boca Ciega
Bays to Tampa Bay. This project was completed in 1915, providing a five foot channel
at low tide from the Cleveland Street dock to Tampa Bay (Dunn 1973:25-28).
Despite the improvements, the town was still vulnerable to fIre. On June 24, 1910,
a devastating fIre razed all of the buildings on the north side of Cleveland Street, from Fort
Harrison Avenue to Osceola Avenue (Straub 1929:94; Dunn 1973:55). These damaged
structures were soon replaced by many new brick buildings in compliance with the new
fIre code (Sanders 1983:64). The fIre proved to be a turning point for the city, prompting
the creation of the Clearwater Fire Department and regulations requiring the construction
of masonry commercial structures as opposed to wood. New construction over the next
several years included the People's Bank Building, the Clearwater Theatre Building, and
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the Bank of Clearwater. In the summer of 1917, the five-story brick Coachman Building
was completed, replacing the old S.S. Coachman and Sons General Merchandise store at
the southeast corner of Cleveland Street and Fort Harrison Avenue (Sanders 1983:78).
During the decade following the fire, the City of Clearwater improved roads, waterworks,
and sanitary sewerage. Clearwater was even included in the 1912 St. Petersburg City
Directory. Drew Street and Northeast Coachman Road appear to have been the principal
roads which connected Clearwater with the surrounding communities.
After a long battle, the Florida Legislature approved the separation of Pinellas
County from Hillsborough County on May 23, 1911. The division was prompted by the
need for roads on the Pinellas peninsula and the refusal of the Hillsborough County
government to provide them (Pinellas County Planning Department 1995: 28). After the
division, a bitter dispute erupted over whether the county seat would be located in
Clearwater or St. Petersburg. According to historian Ralph Reed:
The up-county Commissioners were served with an injunction, and, at a
meeting on May 7, 1912, the Board, by a vote of three to two, awarded a
contract to E. W. Parker, of Tampa, for a two-story frame courthouse, to
cost $3,750. It was to be built within 30 days on lots given by the City of
Clearwater on the present site of Peace Memorial Church (Dunn 1973:27).
Thus, almost overnight the county had a courthouse in Clearwater which, according to
law, could not be moved for twenty years (Sanders 1983:47; Turner 1989: 106).
In 1912, the county approved a bond issue for hard-surfaced roads and again four
years later for brick roads. A second railroad, the Tampa and Gulf Coast, was added to
the peninsula's transportation system in 1914, "connecting Clearwater, Largo, and St.
Petersburg with Tampa" (Pinellas County Planning Department 1995 :28; Sanders
1983:49). This line eventually became part of the Seaboard Coastline Railroad. In May
1914, Clearwater's first daily newspaper, the Clearwater Evening Sun, was published by
W.E. Powell. In the same year, Morton Plant, son of Henry Plant, provided an
endowment for the construction of a hospital in Clearwater which was named in his honor.
Other public improvements from the early twentieth century included the construction of
a new Neoclassical style courthouse completed in 1917, the Carnegie-funded public library
in 1916, and a wooden bridge across the bay to Clearwater Island in 1917. The election
to approve the construction of the bridge was the first in which women could vote. In
1916, the voters of the city voted upon and approved a new charter which included
municipal suffrage for women. The women of the city voted for the first time on October
23, 1916 for the bond issue to build a bridge across Clearwater Harbor to the island.
Approximately 20 to 30 women voted; Sue Barco was the first woman to cast her vote
(Woman's Club 1917). At the time, the City owned two public parks, Island Park and the
Water Works Park (Woman's Club 1917). The Clearwater Golf Club organized in 1915
with a membership of about 30. In 1917, their course, "situated about two and one half
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miles from town on the Safety Harbor road" (north side of Drew Street between Betty
Lane and Hillcrest Avenue) had nine holes in operation, a club house and another nine
holes under construction (Woman's Club 1917). The clubhouse, constructed circa 1915
at the northwest corner of Drew Street and Betty Lane, was designed in the Mediterranean
Revival style; it is no longer extant. The golf course, designed by Herbert Strong, featured
a rolling fairway, winding brook, and was bordered by dense woodland and citrus groves
("Clearwater: Florida West Coast on the Gulf" brochure, c.1927; Polk 1926:5). This
golf course was later renamed the Clearwater Country Club.
Civic improvements, the railroad, the Belleview Hotel, and the designation as
county seat combined to bring prosperity and development to Clearwater. Most of the
plats from the project area were filed between 1911 and 1919. Some of these included Sue
Barco Subdivision (1912), Enghurst First Addition (1912), Bayview Heights (1913), A.C.
Turners Addition (1914), and Magnolia Park (1913) (Pinellas County flat Books 1 & 3).
Harbor Oaks, one such subdivision located south of the project area, was filed on October
28, 1914 as Clearwater's first planned residential development (Pinellas County flat Book
3). Dean and Donald Alvord, New York developers, brought modern planning concepts
such as underground utilities, paved streets, curbs and sidewalks, a sewer system, and tree-
lined roads to the community (Clearwater Historical Society c.1990). Now listed in the
National Register of Historic Places, the Harbor Oaks Historic District contains large
single family residences in various architectural styles as well as the Donald Roebling
Estate (Spottis Woode) and the Church of the Ascension (St. Petersburg Times 5/24/90).
According to A History of Clearwater, Florida produced by the Woman's Club,
the resident population of Clearwater in 1917 numbered approximately 3,000 with the
city's inhabitants doubling during the tourist season. At the time, the Woman's Club
described the city in the following way:
Our town has excellent, up-to-date stores of all kinds; five hotels and many
boarding houses; two well conducted pictures shows and two garages.
There are six citrus fruit packing houses, two banks, one cigar factory, two
retail and wholesale fish houses; one bottling works, one novelty works,
two lumber yards, one electric shop, and many other minor business
concerns... .There are a number of beautiful and luxurious homes in our
city; many of the residences are situated on the Bay front with a view over
the ever beautiful water of the Bay and Gulf (Woman's Club 1917).
Churches remained the social and religious center with Baptist, Methodist, Episcopal,
Presbyterian, Church of Christ, and Christian Science denominations represented in the
town. Additionally, the African-American population of Clearwater supported five
different churches (Woman's Club 1917). The women of Clearwater advanced the
following organizations in 1917: the Women's Christian Temperance Union as the pioneer
woman's organization in Clearwater, the Ladies Improvement Society, the United
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Daughters of the Confederacy, the Mother's Club, and the Woman's Club. Other social
and civic organizations included the Free & Accepted Masons, the International Order of
Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, the Woodman of the World, the Knights of the
Maccabees, the Loyal Order of Moose, the Woman's Benefit Association of the
Maccabees, an Orange Club, the Boy Scouts, and the Camp Fire Girls of Clearwater. The
city also had a community band organized in 1908 as the Clearwater Concert Band
(Woman's Club 1917). The civic-oriented community also took part when the United
States entered World War I. During World War I, 172 men from the Clearwater vicinity
served in the Army during the years of 1917 and 1918. In Clearwater, Company D of the
Pinellas County Guards organized in August 1917 under the leadership of Taver Bayly
(The Sun 5/1/39; Dunn 1973:30).
Apparently, health and cleanliness was a major concern with the City Health
Officer who made a careful inspection of all places where foods were prepared and sold.
In addition, the streets were cleaned, and garbage was collected every day. The dairies
furnishing milk in the city were considered in first class condition with bacteria counts
below that required by ordinance. According to the Woman's Club, Clearwater enjoyed
"more than a state-wide reputation for cleanliness and good health (Woman's Club 1917)."
Despite the freeze during the winter of 1894-95, citrus remained one of the major
industries of the Pinellas peninsula. By 1917, Pinellas County shipped a total of one
million boxes of citrus each year as "one of the leading orange and grapefruit districts in
Florida (Woman's Club 1917)."
Schools were a vital concern in the early twentieth century. A school building to
replace the log cabin church/school was constructed in 1883 at the site of the South Ward
Elementary School. It was enlarged in 1888 and again in 1903 when it became a graded
school. The current South Ward Elementary School was completed in 1906. In 1912, a
high school was erected west of the original structure due to population growth in the
community. In 1915, the North Ward Elementary School was constructed for use by the
children north of Cleveland Street. The South and North Ward Schools were named after
the pioneer Ward family which arrived in the St. Petersburg area around 1885. The
African-American community also had a school and received a "well-furnished domestic
science building, called Pinellas Institute" in 1915 (Woman's Club 1917).
The great Florida land boom of the 1920s saw widespread development of towns
and highways. Several reasons prompted the boom, including the mild winters, the
growing number of tourists, the larger use of the automobile, the completion of roads, and
the promise by the Florida Legislature never to pass state income or inheritance taxes.
Like most Florida cities, Clearwater underwent a population boom during the decade. In
1920, the population totalled 2,427 individuals, which, over the span of the decade, grew
to 7,607 by 1930 (Pinellas County Planning Department 1995:98). Despite the destruction
caused by a hurricane in 1921, Clearwater experienced a period of wild speculation with
many developers investing in large subdivisions, commercial areas, and hotels. Fourteen
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plats for subdivisions in the project area were filed during the 1920s, including Sunburst
Court (1925), Buena Vista (1924), Bassadena (1923), and Hibiscus Gardens (1925)
(Pinellas County flat Books 6, 8, 13, and 14).
Several noteworthy buildings in Clearwater were constructed during the decade.
Calvary Baptist Church, a Mediterranean Revival style church with an octagonal dome,
was erected in 1926 at the southwest corner of Cleveland Street and Osceola A venue at the
top of the bluff (Dunn 1973:81). The Capitol Theatre, located at 405 Cleveland Street,
featured an ornate Mediterranean-inspired facade which was destroyed in the mid-1960s.
The Guaranty Title and Trust building at 411 Cleveland Street was built in 1925, replacing
an earlier brick structure first built for the Bank of Clearwater. The Guaranty Title and
Trust building served as the Chamber of Commerce from 1935 till 1946 (Sanders 1983:66,
105, 177; Clearwater Historical Society c.1990). Nearby, the 12-story Fort Harrison
Hotel was completed in 1926. The structure was built at an estimated cost of $1 million
by developer Ed Haley and was designed by Robert F. Smallwood, a New York architect.
The hotel was operaLcll by R.E. Olds of Lansing, Michigan until 1953. Olds, who invented
the Oldsmobile and fuunded the town of Oldsmar, traded his Oldsmar Race Track for the
hotel (Clearwater Sun 2/15/88). Peace Memorial Presbyterian Church, constructed in
1923 to honor World War I casualties, featured large Tiffany windows in a Mediterranean
Revival design. William Jennings Bryan, noted orator and statesman, dedicated the church
(St. Petersburg Times 5/24/90).
The 1920s also saw the installation of streets, sidewalks and other public
improvements in Clearwater. Bus service between Clearwater, Dunedin and St.
Petersburg was provided by two attached Model T Fords (Sanders 1983:82). Brooklyn
Field, spring training quarters of the Dodgers during the 1930s, was established in 1923
on North Greenwood Avenue (The Sun 5/1/39). In 1924, the Gandy Bridge opened
between Tampa and St. Petersburg, shortening the trip from 43 to only 19 miles. By 1926
a network of paved highways connected Clearwater with Tampa, St. Petersburg and other
cities in Pinellas County. The wooden bridge leading to Clearwater Island, damaged
during the 1921 hurricane, was replaced in 1927 by a bridge dedicated in honor of World
War I casualties. The bridge, called the Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Causeway or the
"million dollar causeway," started at the foot of Cleveland Street prompting the demolition
of the 1902 city pier and the two story dockhouse. When the causeway was constructed,
a portion of the bayfront was filled providing an area for a public park with a bandstand
and a gazebo north of Cleveland, and an auditorium which was constructed south of
Cleveland in the early 1930s. According to a 1939 description, the bridge was
"landscaped with petunias, marigolds, and date, cabbage, and Washingtonian palms" and
extended to the island "with miles of white sand beaches" (Federal Writers' Project
1939:425). Also in 1927, Captain Ben T. Davis initiated construction of a nine and one-
half mile causeway connecting Clearwater to Tampa which was finally completed in 1934
(Sanders 1983: 83-84).
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3-13
In 1926, the bottom fell out of the Florida real estate market. Massive freight car
congestion from hundreds of loaded cars sitting in railroad yards caused the Florida East
Coast Railway to embargo all but perishable goods in August of 1925 (Curl 1986:84-84).
The embargo spread to other railroads throughout the state, and, as a result, most
construction halted. The 1926 real estate economy in Florida was based upon such wild
land speculations that banks could not keep track of loans or property values (Eriksen
1994: 172). By October, rumors were rampant in northern newspapers concerning
fraudulent practices in the real estate market in south Florida. Confidence in the Florida
real estate market quickly diminished, investors could not sell lots, and depression hit
Florida earlier than the rest of the nation (Curl 1986:84-84). In Clearwater, new
subdivision plats were not filed after the decline of the real estate market in 1926 until a
replat of a former subdivision was filed in 1935. Development virtually halted for a
decade. To make the situation worse two hurricanes hit south Florida in 1926 and 1928.
The hurricanes destroyed confidence in Florida as a tropical paradise and created a flood
of refugees fleeing northward. Soon after, the collapse of the Florida Land Boom, the
October 1929 stock market crash, and the onset of the Great Depression left the area in a
state of stagnation. The Clearwater Bank closed for four months due to the Depression,
and there was a run on the People's Bank which halted only after Donald Roebling, local
philanthropist, deposited $25,000 in cash to stop the run (Cadwell 1977:46).
Depression hit the citrus industry as well. In 1930, the census revealed that citrus
and construction industries each employed approximately eight percent of the Pinellas
County population. In that year, the Mediterranean fruit fly invaded and paralyzed the
citrus industry creating quarantines and inspections which further slowed an already
sluggish industry. Citrus packing plants in the Clearwater area closed, leaving workers
unemployed. Grove owners even sprayed arsenic on the trees in order to save as much of
the fruit as possible (Clearwater Sun 5/11/84; Sanders 1983:84). Tourism still played a
major role in the local economy but was drastically reduced from the 1920s. Most winter
visitors were the wealthy northerners who did not lose their money in the stock market
crash of 1929, but who now, as a result, spent their money very cautiously (Sanders
1983:84). Little development occurred during the decade with a limited inflow of new
residents. Only two subdivision plats were filed in the project area during the 1930s: Nail
Mortonson Subdivision (1935) and Tack & Warren Subdivision (1939) (Pinellas County
flat Book 21).
By the mid-1930s, the New Deal programs implemented by the Franklin D.
Roosevelt administration, started employing large numbers of workers, helping to revive
the economy of the state. The programs, aimed at pulling the nation out of the
Depression, were insg-umental in the construction of parks, bridges, and public buildings.
In Clearwater, one such building constructed as a result of federal relief funds was the
Mediterranean Revival style Cleveland Street Post Office, at 650 Cleveland Street,
completed in 1933. It was dedicated by Post Master General James A. Farley. In
addition, the public library, completed in 1916, was enlarged to three times its original
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3-14
size between 1937 and 1939 as a result of a Works Progress Administration (WP A) project
(Clearwater Sun 1/12/90). In 1938, a Project Works Administration (PW A) project was
approved for the construction of a sewage disposal plant and an addition to the city
sewerage system (The Sun 5/1/39) Clearwater's second City Hall was erected in a
Neoclassical Revival style during the 1930s on South Fort Harrison Avenue (Clearwater
SJm 5/6/80). The Federal Writers' Project of the WPA recorded a description of
Clearwater in 1939:
Proximity to the Belleview Hotel... has brought to the city wealthy winter
residents, whose Elizabethan manors, Florentine villas, and Spanish casas
crowd the landscaped bluffs southward along the bay... Clearwater today
has 11 packing houses, in addition to several fruit and fruit-juice canning
plants. Strings of red and yellow refrigerator cars line the tracks in the
freight yards on the east side of town (Federal Writers' Project 1939:424).
Peace Memorial Church, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Causeway, the Roebling
Estate, the Robert L. Brown Estate, the Francis Wilson Memorial Theater, the Clearwater
Public Library, the Belleview Hotel, and the Japanese Gardens all warranted mention in
the 1939 description of the area. Clearwater Island had a large Municipal Trailer-Car
Camp as well as the Clearwater Yacht Club which had "numerous cabanas, cottages, and
hotels.. . scattered along the shore" (Federal Writers' Project 1939:425).
By 1940, recovery from the Great Depression was imminent. The incoming
servicemen and women renewed the area economy. The United States entered World War
II in 1941. Federal roads, channel building, and airfield construction for the wartime
defense effort brought numerous Americans into Florida, the growing Tampa metropolitan
area, and Pinellas County. Several military bases and encampments were established
during World War II in surrounding communities. In Clearwater, the Belleview Biltmore
Hotel, Fort Harrison Hotel, and the Gray Moss Inn were leased to the Army Air Force for
use as auxiliary barracks for soldiers stationed at MacDill and Drew Fields in Tampa
(Dunn 1973:31; Sanders 1983: 149). The hotels were returned to their owners at the end
of the war. During the war, the government forced the sale of the Gandy Bridge and
Davis Causeway. Formerly toll facilities, the government lifted the tolls so that soldiers
who trained in Tampa and resided in Pinellas County would not have to pay the tolls at
each crossing (Sanders 1983:84). Local philanthropist, Donald Roebling, invented the
Alligator amphibian vehicle which was used extensively in the Pacific theater in World
War II. In 1948, President Harry S Truman honored Roebling because of his
contributions to the war effort with a Medal of Merit (Dunn 1973:31). During World War
II, Clearwater continued as a vacation destination thanks to Clinton Mosely Washburn.
He purchased Caladesi Island, also known as Hog Island, off of Clearwater. Unable to
resell it, he started a publicity gimmick by offering the island to honeymooners from the
north, calling it Honeymoon Island. Pathe News, Paramount, and the Associated and
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United Presses all advertised the idea. The honeymooners did arrive creating a tourist
flow through Clearwater (Sanders 1983: 149).
As World War II ended, Pinellas County, like most of Florida, experienced a
population boom in the 1950s. Florida's population escalated from 1,897,414 to
2,771,305 from 1940 to 1950 (Tebeau 1971:431). The city's population increased from
10,136 in 1940 to 15,581 in 1950 (Pinellas County Planning Department 1995:98).
Among the hallmarks of the 1940s and 1950s were the improvements to the existing road
systems. Initially undertaken to improve the transport of military vehicles during World
War II, civilians continued to benefit from the improvements after the war ended. In
Pinellas County, the last segment of the Gulf Coast Highway, which is now known as
u. S. Highway 19, opened for traffic in St. Petersburg. This provided a direct route
between St. Petersburg and Tallahassee, and the ::treas bordering this road developed
almost immediately (Pinellas County Planning Department 1995 :4).
The automobile changed the face of downtown Clearwater. The longer, sleeker
lines of automobiles as well as the increase in traffic in the 1950s prompted the change
from diagonal parking to parallel curbside parking along Cleveland Street in Clearwater
as well as the construction of new parking lots. The inexpensive automobile meant
cheaper and easier vacations available to the average American. The Chamber of
Commerce stepped up efforts to draw tourists as well as new residents. In 1954 the
Clearwater Chamber of Commerce initiated the first annual Fun N' Sun parade. To
promote Clearwater, the Chamber of Commerce coined the phrase "Sparkling Clearwater
and its Sparkling Beaches." Roy Cadwell described Clearwater and the water in
Clearwater: "A Sparkling City" in the following way:
There were only a few ripples on the water. When these were ruffled by
the wind they lit up like a thousand fireflies. Clearwater sparkles in the
sunshine and as the sun shines almost every day, it sparkles most of the
time (Cadwell 1977:95).
The salesmanship of the Chamber of Commerce worked. By 1956, construction in
Clearwater totaled more than $1 million and tourists were starting to arrive in the summer,
not just the winter. The following year, Clearwater was the second fastest growing city
in the nation (Sanders 1983: 150).
After the war, car ownership increased making the American public more mobile.
Many who had served at Florida's military bases during World War II returned with their
families to live. As veterans returned, the trend in new housing focused on the
development of small tract homes in new subdivisions. In the project area, most of the
new development occurred in subdivisions platted prior to 1925. Only two plats were filed
after 1940: Ft. Harrison Subdivision (1948) and Clovis C. Lutz Subdivision (1955)
(Pinellas County fla.t Books 26 and 35). In the 1950s, developments such as Skycrest
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drew residents away from the downtown. Constructed on the site of a former gladiolus
farm, Skycrest boasted an elevation of 76 feet with a five minute ride downtown. Billed
as "Top of the Town" the subdivision, featuring small tract homes, developed along
Cleveland and Drew Streets between Duncan A venue and Starcrest Drive (Sanders
1983: 172). New residents as well as older residents of the city migrated to the suburbs.
As a result, the neighborhoods near downtown slowly emptied and vacancies provided
increased housing for lower income families. Historically, the African-American area,
situated east of the railroad tracks, largely developed along Greenwood Avenue. As
development spread during the 1960s and 1970s, Greenwood south of Cleveland attracted
commercial and industrial interests, thus forcing many residents to relocate. In the 1970s,
the African-American population resided largely from Cleveland to Palmetto Street
between North Myrtle and Betty Lane (Cadwell 1977:87). However, as many families
have trekked to suburbia and abandoned their homes in the residential areas closer to
downtown, these neighborhoods have become more racially integrated.
One new attraction during this time was the introduction of the Phillies in the 1940s
when the team selected Clearwater as their spring training home. In 1950 the Phillies won
the National League pennant. In 1955, Jack Russell Stadium, constructed opposite
Brooklyn Field on North Greenwood Avenue, replaced Brooklyn Field which was renamed
Green Field. Softball was another popular sport with the Clearwater Bombers winning ten
national championships from 1950 to 1973 (Sanders 1983: 150). Local businesses also
prospered. In 1952, Jack Eckerd purchased the White Way Drug Store, which became the
first in his well-known chain of drug stores which eventually covered five states. The
local businessman proved active in local civic affairs and donated money to worthy causes
including the Florida Presbyterian College in St. Petersburg which changed its name to
Eckerd College (Dunn 1973: 155).
By 1960, the Clearwater population totaled 34,653 individuals which expanded to
52,074 in 1970 (Pinellas County Planning Department 1995: 98). Tourism was the largest
industry during the 1960s and 1970s, although light manufacturing plants, such as those
featuring mobile home production, were increasing in number. Citrus, once the mainstay
of the county, did not rebound after the freeze of 1962 ruined the year's crop. Land in the
county was too valuable thereafter to replant with citrus trees. Subdivisions, commercial
centers, and roads replaced former groves (Sanders 1983: 189). Many roads were widened
and bridges were replaced during the 1950s and 1960s. The Soldiers' and Sailors'
Memorial Causeway was replaced with a new bridge in the 1960s, although both ends of
the 1926 bridge remain in place at each shore. The State Road Department also widened
and improved the Davis Causeway, renaming it the Courtney Campbell Parkway to honor
Courtney W. Campbell, a prominent member of the State Road Board who lived in
Clearwater. In addition, the Sunshine Skyway, a modern engineering feat, opened in
1954, providing access to Manatee County and points south from the Pinellas Peninsula
(Dunn 1973:32). The Howard Franklin Bridge opened in 1960 providing more access
between Pinellas and Hillsborough Counties (Pinellas County Planning Department
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1995:5). In the same year, a new County Courthouse was constructed west of the original
courthouse (St. Petersburg Times 5/24/90). Six years later, a new City Hall was erected
along Osceola Avenue. The old City Hall, constructed in the 1930s in the Neoclassical
Revival style, was demolished in 1968 for the Court Street extension. The Court Street
extension was part of an effort to create one-way streets in order to ease traffic congestion
through the downtown area to Clearwater Beach (Clearwater Sun 5/6/80; Sanders
1983: 120). In 1961, a new wing was added to the Clearwater Pub I ic Library (in 1980 the
present alterations were completed) (Clearwater Sun 1/12/90).
The city's fIrst shopping center, Cleveland Plaza, opened in 1954 and was located
at the southeast corner of Cleveland Street and Missouri Avenue. It was still considered
part of the expanding downtown business district. The first to draw shoppers completely
away from the downtown was Sunshine Mall, which opened in 1968 on South Missouri
Avenue. Clearwater Mall, located at U.S. 19 and Gulf-to-Bay Boulevard, opened in 1974
and Countryside Mall, located further north on U.S. 19, started luring customers in 1975.
Prior to 1970, Countryside was isolated and virtually uninhabited. However, in 1970,
U.S. Home took options on its first parcels of land in the area. By 1972, 1,400 acres of
this land were annexed by the City. By 1977, more tharl 1,000 units had sold and planners
hoped to eventually have 7,000 units on 1,800 acres with a population of 20,000
(Clearwater Sun 1/1/80). As residential communities, mobile home parks, and
condominiums developed around the malls and further into suburbia, so have additional
retail centers been built to meet the needs of the expanding population. The exodus from
the historic downtown commercial center and the surrounding residential neighborhoods
went almost unabated during the 1970s and 1980s (Clearwater Sun 5/11/84). In the
1970s, U.S. 19, plagued with problems since its inception at mid-century, was widened
and overpasses were built. Also in the 1970s, Keene Road, Belcher Road, and Missouri
Avenue were widened from two-land roads, and Interstate 275 opened into Pinellas County
(Clearwater Sun 1/1/80).
In 1975, the Church of Scientology, which purchased the Fort Harrison Hotel and
the former Bank of Clearwater, chose Clearwater as their worldwide headquarters
(Clearwater Sun 2/15/88). By 1980, the Scientologists owned eight buildings assessed at
$8 million, with a resident membership totaling 1,400 (Clearwater Sun 1/1/80). In 1991,
more than 600 Scientologists worked in Clearwater and church officials reported that
12,000 members visit the city each year. At that point, the group owned $21 million in
property and planned to build a $42 million building in the heart of the downtown (S1..
Petersburg Times 6/18/91).
In 1980, 85,528 people lived in Clearwater; by 1990 the population totaled 98,784
individuals (Pinellas County Planning Department 1995:98). In 1993, the population of
Pinellas County was 864,953, ranking as the 5th largest county in the state with seventy
percent of the population residing in the incorporated areas. The largest employers in
1993 were in the medical, health and business services, retail, electrical manufacturing,
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and printing and publishing trades. Only 124 farms remained in the county totaling only
two percent of the land. Pinellas County was designated along with Hillsborough,
Hernando, and Pasco Counties as the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater Metropolitan Area
by the U.S. Bureau of the Census (Purdum 1994: 104).
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4-1
4.0 SURVEY RESULTS
4.1 Introduction
The City of Clearwater Historic Preservation Survey and Planning Project resulted
in the recordation and evaluation of 490 historic resources located in the Clearwater
Central Business District and Old Clearwater Bay Neighborhood. Of these 490 historic
resources, 450 properties are newly recorded sites, and 40 were recorded previously. The
identified resources include residential, commercial, religious, social, and institutional
properties (Figures 4.1 - 4.8).
The period of historical and architectural significance for the survey area encompasses
all properties constructed between the years 1885 (the earliest date of construction for a
property located in the survey area) and 1947. The date of 1947 was chosen as a cut-off
date to satisfy the fifty-year criterion established by the National Park Service as a basis
for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Fifty years is the generai estimate
of the time needed to develop historical perspective and to evaluate significance.
However, the parameters of this survey were extended to record all resources constructed
prior to 1950. This decision was based on the number of historic buildings estimated
during the initial reconnaissance and the intended use of the results in future planning
projects, even though properties constructed between 1947 and 1950 are not typically
included in historic surveys or the National Register.
Appendix B contains a list of all properties surveyed as part of the City of Clearwater
Historic Preservation Survey and Planning Project. The information provided in this list
includes the FSF number assigned to each property, the address, the date of construction,
the architectural style, and the function of the property. The survey boundaries along with
the location of each property appear on the survey maps (F igures 4. 1 - 4.8).
4.2 Architectural Analysis
Most of the buildings inventoried in the survey date from the early- to mid-twentieth
century and are associated with the overall development of Pinellas County. The design
of the buildings and the materials used in their construction are consistent with
contemporary national and statewide architectural trends. Most buildings show the
influence of national styles, but, due to time and money constraints, are the product of
local craftsmen and materials. These buildings, which evidence no particular style, are
referred to as Frame or Masonry Vernacular, depending on their method of construction.
Of the 490 properties studied, 278 were constructed in the Frame Vernacular Style and 119
in the Masonry Vernacular Style. Other popular architectural styles represented in the
project area include Queen Anne (1); Mediterranean Revival (20); Bungalow (20);
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Colonial Revival (7); Neoclassical Revival (5); Craftsman (5); Mission (3); Tudor Revival
(3); Prairie (1); Italian Renaissance Revival (1); Art Moderne (2): ModernlInternational
(1); Minimal Traditional (18); Ranch (3); Quonset Hut (2); and No Style (1).
Most historic resources were single or multi-family residences (350 buildings). Other
functions represented by buildings in the survey include commercial (121 buildings), a
combination of residential/commercial (5 buildings), institutional (4 buildings), religious
(7 buildings), and social uses (3 buildings). The years between 1880 and 1919 accounted
for 2 % of construction dates. Most of the buildings in the survey area were constructed
between 1920 and 1949, with 49% constructed in the 1920s, 15 % built in the 1930s, and
29% erected during the 1940s. Five percent of the properties surveyed were constructed
in 1950.
The pattern of architectural development in Clearwater followed the general trends of
construction that occurred throughout the west coast of Florida. As demonstrated by the
results of the survo~/, the buildings dating from the earliest period of development (1880-
1920) do not survive in any significant quantity. With the advent of the Florida land boom
in the 1920s, Clearwater prospered in part due to Florida's popularity as a vacation
destination and retirement locale. The results of the survey reflected this trend with almost
half of the buildings in the project area constructed during this time period. With the end
of the Florida land boom, development and construction tapered off to virtually nothing
during the 19305. The 19405 witnessed a rebirth of development and investment in Florida
with new residences and new businesses constructed in the project area catering to the new
World War II-era military population. After 1950, the widespread use of the automobile
was reflected in Clearwater's architecture with the establishment of suburbs, shopping
centers, and the erosion of the centralized downtown business district.
4.3 National Register of Historic Places
One of the purposes of this survey was to identify individual properties and
concentrations of buildings that might be eligible for nomination to the National Register
of Historic Places. The National Register is a federal program with well-established
criteria for evaluating the significance of buildings, sites, and structures. These criteria
were used in determining possible significance of Clearwater's historic resources. While
the National Register of Historic Places is the "official" list of significant properties within
the United States, it does not indicate protection or control over private properties which
are listed, unless federal funds and/or actions affect them. Currently, under federal law,
income-producing and commercial properties that are individually listed or are included
in National Register Historic Districts may be eligible for the federal tax-credit program
(These must be components of recognized and listed districts). Information about this
program is included in Section 5.
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Properties may be nominated to the National Register in one of three categories: as
a single (individual) property, as an historic district which has a concentration of
significant buildings within an established, contiguous boundary, or as a multiple property,
which encompasses a number of different types of properties within a determined area.
4.4 Potentially Eligible Individual Properties
Two buildings recorded during this project were identified as being potentially eligible
for listing in the National Register. The North Ward Elementary School (8PI8347) at 900
N. Ft. Harrison Avenue and the Seaboard Air Line Railroad Depot (8PI8422) at 657 Court
Street appear to be eligible for listing in the National Register at the local level. The
location of each is noted on Figures 4.3 and 4.4.
The North Ward Elementary School was constructed in 1914 at a cost of $8000 on two
acres of land overlooking Clearwater Harbor. When the school opened in 1915, six
classrooms housed six teachers and 120 students. The school retains its historical
appearance and is significant for its association with education in Clearwater. Today, the
building still functions as a public elementary school. The school is notable for its
architectural style that was typical of early twentieth century public school design.
The Seaboard Air Line Railroad Depot, constructed ca. 1923, is the only railroad
depot left in the City of Clearwater. This building is significant for its association with
the early railroad which helped stimulate the economic development and residential
settlement of Clearwater. Although currently undergoing rehabilitation, the depot is still
a good example of a one-story frame combination station (servicing both passengers and
freight) constructed in Florida in the early twentieth century.
As discussed in Section 2, three buildings in the project area, the Cleveland Street Post
Office (8PI317), the South Ward School (8PI165), and the Old Pinellas County
Courthouse (8PI1894) are listed in the National Register. In addition, six other properties
have been determined eligible for listing in the National Register by previous surveyors:
the Calvary Baptist Church (8PI2251), the Guaranty Title and Trust Building (8PI2255),
the Coachman Building (8PI860), the Haven Street House (8PI8022), the Fort Harrison
Hotel (8PI8023), and the Peace Memorial Presbyterian Church (8PI8024). The location
of each of these is noted in Figure 4.9.
4.5 National Register Historic Districts
Historic districts predominantly contain buildings and structures which are associated
with the architectural and historic character through which the area is understood to be
significant. The physical characteristics and historic significance of the overall district
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provide the basis for evaluating component resources. A contributing building or
structure adds to the historic architectural qualities for which a district is significant
because it either independently meets National Register criteria, or it was present during
the period of significance, relates to the documented significance of the property, and
possesses historic integrity.
Historic districts also can contain buildings or structures which are not associated with
its significant physical or historical characteristics. While these buildings or structures are
acknowledged to be included within the boundaries of a historic district, they are
considered to be non-contributing elements. A non-contributing building or structure
does not add to the historic architectural qualities or historic associations for which a
property is significant because "(1) it was not present during the period of significance or
does not relate to the documented significance of the property; (2) it no longer possesses
historic integrity due to alterations, disturbances, additions, or other changes; or (3) it does
not independently meet National Register criteria" (National Register Bulletin 16: How to
Complete the National Register Form).
Historic district boundaries are defined to encompass the single area of land containing
the significant concentration of buildings, sites, structures, and objects making up the
district. The district's significance and historic integrity help to determine the boundaries.
In determining boundaries, the following factors are considered. Visual harriers that
mark a change in the historic character of an area or that break the continuity of the
district, such as new construction, highways, or development of a different character.
Visual changes in the character of the area due to different architectural styles, types or
periods, or to a decline in the concentration of contributing resources. Boundaries at a
specific time in history, such as the original city limits or the legally recorded boundaries
of a subdivision. Clearly differentiated patterns of historic development, such as
commercial versus residential or industrial (National Register Bulletin 16: How to
Complete the National Register Form).
Every building in the project area was evaluated as to its contributing and non-
contributing status to a potential historic district in either the Clearwater Central Business
District or the Old Clearwater Bay Neighborhood. On the basis of the survey criteria, of
the 490 buildings identified within the Clearwater Historic Preservation Survey and
Planning Project area, a total of 280 can be considered "contributing" historic resources.
These resources are examples of specific architectural styles (National Register Criterion
C) and/or are associated with events that made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of our local history (National Register Criterion A). While a contributing
property is considered eligible as part of a district, the building by itself may not be
eligible, but it contributes to the historic and architectural character of the larger area of
which it is a part.
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Two hundred and ten buildings were determined "non-contributing" to potential
National Register historic districts. Their date of construction, style, and/or appearance
would detract from a potential historic district. In some instances, the structures have been
drastically altered by new materials replacing original materials and have experienced
substantial alterations resulting in compromised integrity to such an extent that they fail
to convey significance. Many buildings have large additions that are incompatible with
the size, scale, and massing of the original structure. In these cases, alterations have
obliterated the original architectural characteristics of the buildings. The term "non-
contributing" should not be interpreted as "non-historic," however.
Keeping the aspects of integrity in mind, ACI took a generous approach and applied
a liberal interpretation of integrity for the Clearwater Historic Preservation Survey and
Planning Project for the overall intent and projected use of the survey results. As a result,
historic integrity was evaluated in the context of the remaining historic fabric in the
Clearwater Central Business District and the Old Clearwater Bay Neighborhood. In order
for a building to be considered contributing to the character of the area, it must be at least
50 years old and retain its basic roof shape and building form. Many buildings in the
neighborhood fit this criteria but have lost other details due to neglect or remodeling. The
majority of visible exterior alterations includes the application of asbestos shingles, vinyl
siding or stucco over wood frame, the replacement of original windows, the
reconfiguration of overall fenestration (window) patterns, and the enclosure of porches.
In some areas, neglect has caused a visible loss of historic fabric as well as structural
problems.
Generally speaking, most of the buildings in the project area have undergone some
degree of alteration. As such, the altered or deteriorated condition of some of the
currently standing structures is regarded fairly leniently. The buildings do contribute to
the streetscape's rhythm and pattern, and if redeveloped in the future, would add greatly
to a potential historic district. In other words, it was assumed that an extant older building
would contribute more to a district's character, even in its current condition, than a vacant
lot or new house.
In keeping with the general philosophy of historic preservation and the approach that
the Florida National Register Review Board uses when reviewing National Register
nominations, if an alteration can be reversed and the building regains its integrity, the
building may be submitted for re-evaluation and possibly determined eligible for listing
in the National Register. To this end, the individual FSF forms prepared by ACI indicate
whether or not alterations are reversible and if a structure could be returned to its historic
appearance.
For example, throughout the Old Clearwater Bay Neighborhood there is a
concentration of historic residential structures. They are all typical examples of Frame
Vernacular, Masonry Vernacular, Bungalow, Mediterranean Revival, and Minimal
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Traditional style houses, commonly found throughout Clearwater. Many have been
modified post-1945, often with replacement windows and siding, porch enclosures, and
room additions, lessening the architectural integrity. Specifically, houses located along
the bay have received recent additions engulfing the original structures and zoning changes
along N. Ft. Harrison Avenue resulting in the conversion of residential buildings to
commercial uses achieved through unsympathetic alterations. In addition, infill residential
structures have altered the historic character of the neighborhood which developed in
several phases over time. Toward the northern end of the neighborhood, there is a
significant concentration of 1950s era houses. The overall lack of integrity in the
neighborhood precludes National Register eligibility at this time, but sympathetic
restorations to a significant number of historic buildings could lead to future historic
district potential. Therefore, historic district boundaries are not suggested at this time.
Similarly, many of the existing commercial structures in the Clearwater Central
Business District are historic, but most have been considerably modernized along the
street facades since the 1950s. Today, most of these structures retain their modern post-
World War II street facade renovations. Many historic buildings that were not modernized
were demolished to make way for new commercial development. Several non-compatible
high-rise office buildings have been introduced to this area in the past two decades. The
modernized street facades and the newer, taller office buildings, have altered the original
pre-1945 historic architectural character of the buildings and the overall downtown
commercial streetscape. This area, therefore, does not appear to constitute a National
Register historic district at this point in time, and potential district boundaries are not
suggested. Nonetheless, ACI recognizes that if an ambitious facade restoration program
was undertaken primarily along Cleveland Street and Ft. Harrison A venue at some point
in the future, the area might be returned to its historic character and potentially eligible as
a historic district.
4.6 Properties Recommended for Revitalization
As a first step in re-establishing the historic character of Clearwater's downtown, the
following buildings have been identified as substantial, prominently located structures that
could serve as anchors or corner stones for a revitalization program. Rehabilitation and/or
facade restorations of these structures would set the tone, and could serve to generate
interest among other property owners or potential buyers. The re-establishment of a
downtown's historic character can lead to renewed interest in the heart of a city, and new
retail, restaurant, and entertainment facilities often follow. ACI recognizes it is not the
function of the city to acquire and rehabilitate historic buildings, but it is important that
the city set the tone and take the lead in retaining its sense of community and history.
As a result, ACI recommends that the City of Clearwater consider targeting the
following historic buildings as excellent candidates for rehabilitation and revitalization
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4-7
efforts: the Royalty Theater, the Bay View Building, the Exchange Building, the Jackson
Building/Brown Brothers Building, the Peoples Bank Building, and the Weisman Building
(Figure 4.10). Also, other downtown buildings, that have already been listed in or
determined eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (Cleveland Street
Post Office, Old Pinellas County Courthouse, the Coachman Building, the Guaranty Title
and Trust Building, and Fort Harrison Hotel), can be included in the list of substantial and
prominent buildings that may become corner stones to Clearwater's revitalization efforts.
The Bank of Clearwater (8PI2262), is an excellent example of the type of
rehabilitation project that can greatly improve the appearance of downtown and serve as
a comer stone to re-establish its historic character. The Bank is located at 504 Cleveland
Street and was built in 1918. The imposing Greek Revival style structure is significant as
the city's largest and oldest bank. Recently, the Church of Scientology undertook an
ambitious campaign to restore this building. As part of the rehabilitation of this structure,
the precast concrete panels were removed, the historic double-hung sash windows were re-
installed, cloth awnings were replaced, the center cornice medallion was removed and
replaced with a larger medallion of the same overall character, and the elaborate interior
tile floor was restored. This effort can be viewed as a major step in reestablishing the
historic flavor of Cleveland Street.
The Royalty Theater building (8PI2253) is currently vacant but a sensitive historic
facade recreation would greatly contribute to restoring the character of the downtown. An
ideal use for this property would be to reopen it as a movie theater which could be a
catalyst in stimulating the use of downtown for evening activities. Located at 405
Cleveland Street, this building was constructed in the 1920s as the Capitol Theater and is
significant as an early downtown movie house. The original Mediterranean Revival facade
could be recreated through the use of historic photographs. It originally featured an
elaborate Mediterranean Revival facade which included cast stone arches, architraves,
cornices, and pent roofs. However, a storm in the mid-1960s destroyed much of the
original facade. In its place a modern facade was created. It features a three-bay wall and
parapet with smooth stucco scored into large squares; a modern, three-sided canopy and
marquee were built over the sidewalk above the first floor. The entrance was also
modernized by three pairs of contemporary metal and glass doors flanked by glass
showcases.
The Bay View Building (8PI2256) is one of the oldest historic buildings in the
downtown. This fact, combined with its overall size and prominent location, makes it an
excellent candidate for inclusion in the city's revitalization plan. The city should consider
encouraging the owners of the property to renovate the facade. If the non-historic facade
is removed and the original appearance restored, it would enhance the historic character
of Cleveland Street. Located at 410-18 Cleveland Street and built in 1911, it was
originally called the Bayview Hotel, later renamed the Detroit Hotel. The asymmetrical
facade of this building gives it the appearance that it was originally two or three separate
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for Revitalization.
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4-8
buildings. However, a historic postcard dating from the early 1920s indicates similar
window configurations on one unified brick facade. The modernized facade and metal leaf
patterned banding were added after 1945.
The Exchange Building (8PI2252), located at 401 Cleveland Street, was the original
home of the Clearwater Sun Newspaper. The restoration of the street level facade would
greatly enhance the historic appearance of the building. It is situated on a prominent
corner lot at the intersection of N. Osceola A venue and Cleveland Street. This building
was constructed in 1911, but about 1980 this building was modernized on the exterior with
wood siding and a fixed-glass store front. An architect trained in historic renovation
techniques should be able to assist an interested owner in returning the street level facade
to its original appearance.
The Jackson Building/Brown Brothers Building (8PI2267) served a variety of
commercial uses providing space for both shops and offices over time. It is recommended
that this city encourage the current owners to remove the contemporary metal facade and
canopy, and restore the masonry facade. Along with this effort, the non-historic windows
and doors could be replaced with new ones replicating the design of the originals. Signage
that is sensitive to the character of the building should also be considered. Coordinated
efforts such as this would greatly bolster the city's downtown revitalization efforts.
LoCated at 615-21 Cleveland Street this building was constructed ca. 1924, but the main
facade was extensively remodeled and modernized in the late 1950s.
The Peoples Bank Building (8PI2261) which played a significant role in the financial
development of Clearwater and occupies a prominent position at the northwest corner of
the intersection of N. Ft. Harrison and Cleveland Street also appears to be a corner stone
for the city's historic preservation efforts. Located at 430-432 Cleveland Street, this was
originally a two-story masonry vernacular structure that featured a brick exterior with
decorative brick detailing and a wrought iron second-floor balcony. Historic photographs
indicate that by the early 1920s, the appearance of the building had been altered to reflect
the then popular Mediterranean Revival Style. After 1952, the building was extensively
altered and "modernized" by removing the pent roof, obscuring or removing the tile
panels and banding, straightening out the top of the parapet wall (omitting the
crenellations), adding brick and travertine to the first floor walls, modifying the first floor
wall openings, adding the suspended canopy, and repositioning the suspended clock.
While these changes have significantly altered the original appearance and early twentieth
century historic character of the building, the alterations may be reversible.
The Weisman Building's (8PI2260) integrity is relatively intact in comparison to
other buildings of the same vintage in its immediate vicinity. Thus, it may be ideal for
facade restoration as the alterations appear to be reversible. With the Coachman Building
and the Bank of Clearwater, the Weisman Building could be a pivotal part of the
revitalization of Cleveland Street through historic preservation. The Weisman Building
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occupies the southwest corner of the intersection of Cleveland Street and S. Fort Harrison
Avenue with addresses at 431 Cleveland Street and 4-10 S. Fort Harrison Avenue.
Constructed ca. 1925, this Masonry Vernacular Style Building's facade on S. Ft. Harrison
Avenue features a central recessed entrance flanked by three storefront bays on each side.
Two storefront bays face Cleveland Street. In addition, stuccoed exterior walls are scored
to give the appearance of cast stone. After 1952, several first floor openings were altered,
the transoms were enclosed, and an original suspended canopy was removed. However,
the original design and layout remains predominant.
In addition to the specific rehabilitation efforts discussed above, ACI is recommending
several proven "tools" that have been effectively used to provide the impetus for historic
preservation in other cities throughout Florida as well as the rest of the country. These
methods, which include the Certified Local Government Program, the Main Street
Program, Local Design Guidelines, the Federal Rehabilitation Tax Credits, and the
establishment of a local Historic Preservation Ordinance, are discussed in the next section.
Initiating these actions would be instrumental in the rehabilitation of historic buildings and
the redevelopment of the Clearwater Central Business District and the Old Clearwater Bay
Neighborhood. The City of Clearwater will have to decide which combination of these
effective tools will best serve their revitalization efforts. However, at this preliminary
point, it appears that the development of local design guidelines, a look at the highly
successful Main Street Program approach, and the participation in the Certified Local
Government Program would be important first steps.
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5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendations are offered to assist the City of Clearwater,
property owners, residents of the study area, and others interested in the city's history, in
determining ways to preserve its architectural and cultural heritage. The documents
produced by the survey, including the FSF forms and this report, are designed to provide
information that property owners, residents and city officials need to initiate a historic
preservation program and protect the community's valuable resources.
Copies of this report and the FSF forms generated by the survey should be carefully
maintained at a designated city office. The FSF forms should be made available to
property owners who are interested in the history of their buildings. In addition, the FSF
forms will prove valuable information in the future if the city employs federal or state
funds in a project that requires analysis of the impact of the project on historic resources.
Future preservation planning efforts should include provisions to re-evaluate the project
area and update the FSF forms as necessary every five to ten years. Hopefully, the
Clearwater Histori~ Preservation Survey and Planning Project will generate interest among
property owners and neighborhood groups for the restoration or appropriate rehabilitation
of property.
There are a variety of legal, financial, and educational measures and incentives that
residents and community officials may employ to preserve historic resources. This survey
provides the historical and architectural database upon which rational decisions about
preservation can be made. Further progress in preserving culturally significant resources
in Clearwater will depend on the decisions of city officials and residents. To assist them
in deciding what steps they can take, ACI offers the following information and
recommendations which describes the federal and state regulations and programs that apply
to historic resources; measures that local government and residents can adopt, including
a historic preservation ordinance, to protect or preserve historic resources; and the
financial incentives and tools that are available to owners of such resources.
5.1 Recommended Actions for the City of Clearwater
Historic Preservation Element: Current state law requires all units of local
government to adopt a comprehensive plan that provides guidelines for land use decisions.
Under the present law, a historic preservation element is permitted as an optional element
in the comprehensive plan. The City of Clearwater first adopted a historic preservation
element in 1979. The City of Clearwater's Department of Planning and Urban
Development updated the Historic Preservation Element (Historic Preservation Plan) in
1984. The plan identified basic preservation goals such as promoting awareness of the
city's history; identifying places of significance; encouraging retention of historic
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structures and neighborhoods; and developing of permanent and traveling collections
related to Clearwater's history. The plan identified known historic and cultural resources
in Clearwater and prescribed policies for managing them. Fourteen years have passed
since the historic preservation plan/element was last updated. It is recommended that the
plan/element be reviewed and updated where necessary. The results of this survey will
provide valuable information and direction if incorporated as part of a revised historic
preservation element.
Historic Preservation Ordinance: The most effective legal tool available for the
protection of historic resources is the local historic preservation ordinance. Amendments
enacted in 1980 to the National Historic Preservation Act encouraged local governments
to strengthen their legislation for the designation and protection of historic properties. In
Florida, the home-rule law permits local government to exercise such authority. The
exercise of governmental controls over land use is essentially the prerogative of local
government and, accordingly, the protection of historic resources must rely on the devices
of local government. Through the review and permitting processes, City of Clearwater
officials and staff can exercise some degree of authority in the protection of historic
resources. Ultimately, an ordinance providing for approval of projects affecting such
resources should be required.
In recent years, hundreds of communities throughout the nation have adopted
historic preservation ordinances contributing to the development of a sizeable body of legal
precedent for such instruments. A Clearwater ordinance should include standard features
that have proven legally acceptable. These include:
1. A statement of purpose establishing a social, economic, and aesthetic rationale
for protecting historic resources.
2. A provision enabling the city to designate historic resources for protection under
criteria set forth in the ordinance.
3. The creation of an architectural review body whose responsibilities include
recommendations to the City Commission for the designation of historic resources,
authority to issue certificates of approval for requests to make alterations to the designated
properties, and responsibility to advise the commission on measures to preserve historic
resources.
4. Provisions for establishing design guidelines, qualifications of review authority
members, rules of procedure, penalties, appeals, and ancillary measures.
In Clearwater, where the historic infrastructure is predominantly residential and
privately owned, historic resources are best protected through a local ordinance and
sensitive, perhaps overlay, zoning. Economic incentives for preservation do not usually
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apply to residential buildings, although revolving funds and ad valorem tax exemptions,
which are explained below, have proven successful in some areas where they have been
established.
Certified Local Government (CLG) Program: Since its establishment by
Congress in 1966, the National Historic Preservation Act has operated as a decentralized
partnership, which includes the federal government and the states. The program was
charged with the identification, evaluation, and protection of historic properties based on
criteria used by the National Register of Historic Places. Under the direction of the
National Park Service, states receive funding assistance in the form of annual grants from
the Historic Preservation Fund. Those funds are normally used to support the staff of the
State Historic Preservation Office. In Florida, a portion of the funds are used for some
survey and planning activities.
The success of the federal/state relationship prompted Congress to extend the
partnership to qualified local governments. The National Historic Preservation Act
Amendments of 1980 (P.L.96.515) provide the legal basis for the new federal-state-Iocal
preservation partnership, commonly referred to as the Certified Local Government
Program (CLG). The amendments direct the State Historic Preservation Officer and the
Secretary of the Interior to establish procedures for the certification of local governments
to participate in this partnership. The CLG Program permits the states to delegate limited
responsibilities and grant-in-aid funding to qualified local governments. To become a
CLG, the City of Clearwater must adopt a historic preservation ordinance that includes
establishing a qualified review authority, maintain a system of survey and inventory of
historic resources, and encourage public participation in the historic preservation program.
More information and guidance is provided by the Bureau of Historic Preservation in
Tallahassee.
Main Street Program: Although generally directed to cities with populations
between 5,000 and 50,000, principles of the National Trust for Historic Preservation's
Main Street program can be applied to enhance Clearwater's Central Business District,
focusing primarily on Cleveland Street and S. Ft. Harrison Avenue. Basically, the Main
Street program takes the management approach of modern shopping centers to the
commercial hearts of smaller urban centers. That is, one owner is hired to manage and
oversee all shops, regulate special promotions, determine hours, and other aspects of
retailing.
The Main Street concept brings together community leaders, elected officials,
municipal staff, the Chamber of Commerce, residents, and downtown business owners to
coordinate and promote downtown businesses and activities. The Main Street manager
orchestrates activities, public relations, promotions, design changes, and other factors in
the collective interest of the community.
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There are four areas in which the Main Street program attempts to secure
cooperation from shopkeepers to rehabilitate buildings and economically revitalize
businesses. These are design, organization, promotion, and economics.
Design: enhancing the physical appearance of the commercial district by
rehabilitating historic buildings, encouraging supportive new construction, and
developing sensitive design management systems.
Organization: building consensus and cooperation among the many groups and
individuals who have a role in the revitalization process.
Promotion: marketing the historic commercial district's assets to customers,
potential investors, new businesses, local citizens, and visitors.
Economic Restructuring: strengthening the district's existing economic base
while finding ways to expand it to meet new opportunities.
The goal is the economic revitalization, restoration, and rehabilitation of the
existing building stock, and the re-establishment of appropriately designed street furniture,
and landscaping. Typically, the renewed attention to these elements reawakens local
residents to the advantages of their local main street and its businesses.
Since 1985, the Florida Department of State has designated 58 local Main Street
programs and provided assistance in revitalizing their historic downtowns. Nearly 2,500
downtown projects have been completed in Main Street communities, representing more
than $215 million in local reinvestment and only $2.5 million in state investment. In
recent years, the program has expanded to include cities with populations of less than
5,000, rural commercial districts, and neighborhood commercial districts in larger cities.
Designated Florida Main Street cities receive three years of technical assistance and
training and are eligible for a $10,000 start-up grant. Communities can also become an
Associate Main Street Community which entitles them to receive a year of technical
assistance. This is often a precursor to designation.
To begin, the community must decide whether to proceed and then file as a
nonprofit Main Street organization. After filing, the nonprofit organization should contact
the Department of State to consult with experts with the Bureau of Historic Preservation
and to receive a Florida Main Street Application. Attendance at a Main Street 101, Basic
Training in the Main Street Approach to Downtown Revitalization, taught by the staff of
the National Main Street Center and sponsored by the Florida Main Street, is strongly
recommended. These sessions are held periodically throughout Florida each year. For
more information on becoming a Main Street city, the City of Clearwater should contact
the Florida Main Street Program, Bureau of Historic Preservation.
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Local Design Guidelines: Creating specific design guidelines for the historic areas
of Clearwater and making them available to property owners and residents could be an
initial first step in encouraging the redevelopment and rehabilitation of the city's historic
buildings.
Design Guidelines, which can be implemented whether a city is in the Main Street
programs or not, are a set of criteria which are uniformly applied to evaluate the
appropriateness of proposed changes in historic districts. The ultimate goal of design
guidelines is to protect the visual qualities of a district. These qualities reflect the history
and heritage of the community, and provide a tangible link with its past. In Clearwater,
design guidelines would be an effective tool for the protection of the National Register
listed Harbor Oaks Historic District, the Clearwater Central Business District, and the Old
Clearwater Bay Neighborhood.
Design guidelines are a part of a longstanding tradition of balancing the welfare of
the general public and the interests of individual property owners. Local preservation
ordinances, roning laws, and building codes are other tools traditionally used to maintain
this balance. Design guidelines are not intended to prevent property owners from making
changes to their property. They are meant to ensure that those changes enhance the
historic qualities which are enjoyed by all members of the community and which make an
area a special place in which to live and work.
Design guidelines are formulated in conjunction with an analysis of the
architectural characteristics of a local area and should reflect the basic needs of the district
in question. Design guidelines address rehabilitation, maintenance, new construction,
demolition, streetscape, and signage. Rehabilitation and maintenance deals with existing
structures, specifically what materials, features, and characteristics must be retained and
what kinds of alterations are appropriate. New construction and demolition identifies the
design elements (i.e. pattern, alignment, shape and size) which should be maintained when
new construction or demolition is proposed. Streetscape and signage should outline
criteria for elements of the overall streetscape which affect the character of the district, but
are not specifically related to rehabilitation, maintenance, new construction, or demolition.
Ad Valorem Exemptions for Rehabilitated Historic Buildings: Florida voters
in 1992 approved a constitutional amendment authorizing ad valorem tax exemptions for
the increased value assessed for improvements made to qualified historic buildings. In
order to utilize this historic preservation incentive the City of Clearwater must approve
adoption of provisions through a local ordinance to exempt up to 100 percent of the
assessed value of qualified improvements for a period up to ten years.
The provisions of the amendment apply to qualified historic buildings, that is,
buildings listed individually on the National Register or as contributing elements in a
district; or buildings designated under an approved local ordinance. The local ordinance
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will establish the specific percentage of exempted value as well as the duration and the
location of qualifying buildings. The exemptions can be passed on to the new owners of
a property. At the end of the exemption period, the tax obligation will return to full
assessed value, including improvements. By covenant or agreement, the property owner
must agree to maintain the qualifying improvements and the character of the property for
the period of exemption.
The exemption can be even greater for improvements to historic properties used for
non-profit or governmental purposes and open to the public. Such properties may, upon
local governmental authorization, receive up to 100 percent tax exemption for the full
assessed value, not just the improvements. The value of improvements must equal or
exceed at least 50 percent of the total assessed value of the property, as improved. Unlike
the exemption for privately-owned buildings, however, the latter exemption will not pass
on to new owners.
The Florida Department of State has adopted rules specifying property eligibility
criteria, guidelines for determining if improvements qualify, application review criteria,
procedures for cancellation of exemption in the event of covenant or agreement violation,
and procedures and criteria for certification of local historic preservation offices.
Municipal Preservation Grants: Several communities in Florida, cities and
counties, have established low interest loan, or grant, programs to encourage historic
preservation activities. The funds are provided for projects that involve renovation of a
certified historic structure. For example, the City of Clearwater could provide matching
grants up to $1,000 for facade renovations in the Central Business District. For more
information, contact the Bureau of Historic Preservation about this useful concept.
Heritage Education: Clearwater should consider developing a heritage education
program for both adults and children. This could be a cooperative effort between the city
and the library, an historical society, an art organization, a community service
organization, the local schools, or a professional organization. Heritage is the collective
values, beliefs, traditions, experiences, and accomplishments of a group of people. Each
community has special places from the natural and built environments which document
how those before us lived, and struggled, and influence who we have become. Through
heritage education people can learn to value the significance of the historic places and
artifacts remaining in their community, and become responsible stewards for their
environment. Interactive methods such as walking tours, interpretive markers, museum
activities, and restoration projects involve students and citizens in physically learning about
their heritage.
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5.2 Recommended Financial and Legal Techniques
A variety of legal and financial incentives and instruments are available for use by
the government and its citizens to assist in the preservation effort. Some are already
provided through federal or state law or regulations; others must be adopted by the local
government. In most cases, the instruments that local government and residents can
employ in the preservation process are familiar devices in real estate and tax law.
Voluntary preservation and conservation agreements represent the middle ground
between the maximal protection afforded by outright public ownership of environmentally
significant lands and the sometimes minimal protection gained by government land-use
regulation. For properties that are unprotected by government land-use regulation, a
voluntary preservation agreement may be the only preservation technique available. For
other properties, government regulation provides a foundation of protection. The private
preservation agreement reinforces the protection provided under a local ordinance or other
land use regulation.
Voluntary preservation agreements have been used for years to protect property for
private, public, and quasi-public purposes. Before the advent of zoning, many of the
covenants and development restrictions used in modern condominium or subdivision
declarations were used to address such fundamental zoning concerns as commercial and
industrial uses of property, the sale of alcoholic beverages, and other illicit purposes. For
example, with the advent of the "Scenic Highway" in the 1930s, scenic easements were
used to protect the views from such highways as the Blue Ridge Parkway, the George
Washington Memorial Parkway, and the Great River Road along the Mississippi River.
Examples of voluntary preservation agreements include: easements, covenants, purchase
or transfer of development rights, charitable gifts, and revolving funds.
Easements: Because of federal tax considerations, the charitable gift of a
preservation easement is by far the most commonly used voluntary preservation technique.
A preservation easement is a formal agreement between a property owner ("grantor") and
a government agency or a preservation organization ("holding organization" or "grantee").
The easement is usually placed with a non-profit organization that maintains the right to
review and approve proposed alterations to the structure or its setting before they are
undertaken, and to enforce the easement terms in the event of a violation. Tax advantages
are available for some easements. Federal law permits, for example, the donation of a
facade easement for the purpose of preserving the exterior integrity of a qualified historic
building. Scenic or open space easements are used to preserve open spaces, historic and
scenic views, the surroundings of significant buildings, and archaeological sites, by
restricting development rights.
Mutual covenants: Mutual covenants are agreements among adjacent property
owners to subject each participating property owner's land to a common system of
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property maintenance and regulation. Typically, such covenants regulate broad categories
of activity, such as new construction with view sheds, clear cutting of trees or other major
topographical changes, subdivision of open spaces, and major land use changes. Such
control is critical in historic areas that involve substantial amounts of open space where
development of the land would irreversibly damage the historic character of an area.
Purchase of development rights (PDR): This device involves the acquisition by
a local governmental agency of the right to further develop a historic property. After the
acquisition of development rights, the land remains in private ownership, but the
landowner has sold the right to further develop the property. By acquiring only the
development rights, rather than the full-fee interest, the local government ensures that the
parcel will remain in its present use, without the expense of outright purchase. Rather
than paying market value for the parcel, the community only pays the difference in the full
market value of the parcel and its value in its present use. Because it remains in private
ownership, the community avoids maintenance and management responsibilities. Also,
the land remains on the tax rolls, albeit at a reduced valuation to reflect the land's market
value in light of the development restrictions. Purchase of development rights provide
permanent protection, while zoning is subject to political pressures for change. These
programs typically rely on local bond issues or real estate transfer taxes for funding.
Transfer of development rights (TDR): Transfer of development rights are
similar to PDRs in that the right to further develop a property is sold in order to keep the
historic property at its present density. However, instead of governmental agency
purchasing the rights, the landowner sells the right to further develop the property to
another private entity. The private entity in turn can then develop their own parcel of land
at a density increase, beyond their zoning limits. The historic property remains in the
ownership of the original owner and keeps the property on the tax rolls at a reduced rate.
It simply eliminates the pressure to further develop the land. TDR programs can achieve
the same results as PDRs while avoiding the large public acquisition costs. With TDRs,
new development absorbs the cost of protecting the historic resources.
Revolving fund: A revolving fund, normally administered by a non-profit or
governmental unit, establishes a monetary basis on which property can be bought,
improved, maintained, and sold. The revolving fund is a pool of capital created and
reserved for a specific activity (such as the purchase of an endangered historic building)
with the condition that the money will be returned for additional activities. Monies are
subsequently returned and reused. The use of a revolving fund may help the City of
Clearwater in creating a new economic and social force in the community.
Revolving funds have proven to be an effective tool to stimulate preservation of
historic properties, both through acquisition and resale of properties, and through loans to
individuals for restoration or rehabilitation. Funds are replenished through proceeds from
sales, rentals, loan repayments and interest, and revolved to new projects.
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5.3 Federal Financial Incentives and Programs
Rehabilitation tax credits: The federal government encourages the preservation
and rehabilitation of historic structures and other resources through tax incentives. By
rehabilitating eligible buildings or investing in such projects, taxpayers can recoup dollar
for dollar expenditures in the form of a credit from taxes owed if certain criteria are met.
Federal tax credits based upon the expenses incurred in the rehabilitation of an
income-producing certified historic structure have been available for over a decade. A
certified historic building is one that is individually listed in the National Register of
Historic Places or certified by the National Perk Service as contributing to a registered
historic district.
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 permits owners and some lessees of historic buildings
to take a 20 percent income tax credit on the cost of rehabilitating such buildings for
industrial, commercial, or residential rental purposes. The law also permits depreciation
of such improvements over 27.5 years for a residential rental property and over 31.5 years
for a non-residential property. The rehabilitated building must be a certified historic
structure that is subject to deprecation, and the rehabilitation must be certified as meeting
standards established by the National Park Service. A ten percent tax credit is available
to non-certified, non-residential structures placed in service before 1936. The City of
Clearwater may obtain details from the Bureau of Historic Preservation.
Low-income housing credits: The 1986 Act provides for special relief for
investors in certain low-income housing projects of historic buildings. A seventy percent
federal income tax credit is available for rehabilitation of low-income housing. If the
project is federally subsidized, a thirty percent tax credit is available instead.
Community Development Block Grant funds: The federal Community
Development Block Grant program permits the use of funds distributed as community
block grants for historic preservation purposes, such as rehabilitation of qualifying historic
buildings.
Other federally-assisted measures: In addition to tax credits, the federal codes
are replete with incentives to assist historic preservation activity. Such assistance often
comes in the form of relief from rules and requirements that normally apply to non-historic
buildings or properties. For example, in coastal zone areas where specific elevations are
required for federal insurance purposes, exemptions are provided to qualified historic
structures; when reconstruction is necessary after a major disaster such as a hurricane; and
special accessibility provisions for historic buildings to meet the requirements required by
the Americans with Disabilities Act while preserving significant features.
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5.4 State Incentives and Programs
Over the past decade, the State of Florida has actively pursued historic
preservation goals and objectives. It currently spends more dollars on historic preservation
than any other state in the nation. The Florida Department of State is responsible for
dispersing state preservation dollars. It provides funding in the areas of acquisition and
development, survey and registration, and preservation education.
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Among the projects for which funding may be sought are survey of architectural
and archaeological resources, preparation of National Register nominations, completion
of a Historic Preservation Element to the Comprehensive Plan, acquisition of culturally
significant properties, and rehabilitation of historic structures. The City of Clearwater
should consider applying for grants for appropriate projects in the future. For more
information or an application, contact the Grants and Education Section, Bureau of
Historic Preservation.
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6.0 REFERENCES CITED
Abell, Jan and Michael Holmes
1998 City of Clearwater North Greenwood Building Survey, Jan Abell and
Kenneth Garcia Partnership. Manuscript #3425 on file, Florida Department
of State, Division of Historical Resources, Tallahassee.
Akerman, Joe A.
1976 Florida Cowman: A History of Florida Cattle Raising. Florida
Cattlemen's Association, Kissimmee.
Atkins, George C.
1942 The Story of Clearwater. Unpublished manuscript on file, Heritage Village
Archives.
Archaeological Consultants, Inc. (ACI)
1993 A Cultural Resource Assessment Survey of Drew Street (SR 590) PD&E
Study from Pierce Boulevard to Northeast Coachman Road, Pinellas
County, Florida. Manuscript on file, ACI, Sarasota.
Bradbury, Alford G. and E. Story Hallock
1962 A Chronology of Florida Post Offices. Florida Federation of Stamp Clubs.
Bruton, Quintilla Geer and David E. Bailey, Jr.
1984 Plant City: Its Origin and History. Hunter Publishing Company, Winston-
Salem.
Cadwell, Roy
1977 Clearwater: "A Sparkling City." T.S. Denison & Company, Inc.
Minneapolis.
City of Clearwater, Department of Planning and Urban Development
1984 The City of Clearwater Historic Preservation Plan (Historic Preservation
Element of the City of Clearwater's Comprehensive Land Use Plan).
Manuscript on file, City of Clearwater.
"Clearwater: Florida West Coast on the Gulf' brochure
c.1927 Heritage Village Archives.
Clearwater Historical Society
c.199O "Historical Tour of Downtown Clearwater." Clearwater Public Library
vertical file.
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Clearwater Sun
1964 "Pioneer Remembers City in 1908." October 5. Clearwater Public
Library vertical file.
1976 "Downtown Renewed Plans Get Historical Slant from Survey." June 6.
Clearwater Public Library vertical file.
1980 "Up, Up, Up: Growth Key for Clearwater in the 1970s." January 1.
Clearwater Public Library vertical file.
1980 "City's Lost Landmarks Live on Only in Photos." May 6. Clearwater
Public Library vertical file.
1984 "Sleepy City Went...Kaboom!" May 11. Heritage Village Archives.
1988 "Sect Renovating City Landmark." February 15. Clearwater Public
Library vertical file.
1990 "Booked Solid." January 12. Clearwater Public Library vertical file.
Covington, James W.
1957 The Story of Southwestern Florida, Volume 1. Lewis Historical Publishing
Company, Inc., New York.
1961 The Armed Occupation Act of 1842. Florida Historical Quarterly 40:41-
53.
1982 The Billy Bowlegs War 1855-1858: The Final Stand of the Seminoles
Against the Whites. The Mickler House Publishers, Chuluota.
Curl, Donald W.
1986 Palm Beach County: An Illustrated History. Windsor Publications, Inc.,
Northridge, California.
Dunn, Hampton
1973 Yesterday's Clearwater. E.A. Seemann Publishing, Inc., Miami.
1989 Back Home: A History of Citrus County, Florida. 2nd edition, Citrus
County Historical Society, Inc., Inverness.
Eriksen, John M.
1994 Brevard County: A History to 1955. Florida Historical Society Press,
Tampa.
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Federal Writers' Project - Work Projects Administration
1939 Florida: A Guide to the Southernmost State. Oxford University Press,
New York.
Hatton, Hap
1987
Tropical Splendor: An Architectural HistoI:}' of Florida. Alfred A. Knopf,
New York.
HDR Engineering
1997 SR 60 (Memorial Causeway) Bridge PD&E Study Cultural Resource
Assessment Survey Report. Manuscript on file, HDR Engineering, Tampa.
Horgan, James J., Alice F. Hall, and Edward J. Herrmann
1992 The Historic Places of Pasco County. Pasco County Historical
Preservation Committee, Pasco County.
Mahon, John K.
1967 History of the Second Seminole War. University of Florida Press,
Gainesville.
Pinellas County, Clerk of Circuit Court
flat. Books HI, 1, 3, 6, 8, 13, 14,21, 26, 35.
Pinellas County Planning Department
1995 Pinellas County Historical Background. Manuscript on file, Pinellas
County Planning Department.
Polk, R. L.
Polk's Clearwater City Directory (1920-21; 1924-25; 1926; 1931; 1934;
1937; 1939; 1941; 1943; 1947; 1950). R.L. Polk & Company, Publishers,
Jacksonville.
Purdum, Elizabeth D., ed.
1994 Florida County Atlas and Municipal Fact Book. Florida State University,
Tallahassee.
Robinson, Earnest L.
1928 History of Hillsborough County. The Record Company Printers, St.
Augustine.
Sanders, Michael L.
1980 "The Great Freeze of 1894-95 in Pinellas County. Tampa Bay History 1:5-
14.
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6-4
Sanders, Michael L.
1983 Clearwater: A Pictorial History. The Donning Company, Publishers,
Norfolk.
Shofner, Jerrell H.
1995 History of Brevard County, Volume 1. Brevard County Historical
Commission, Stuart.
St. Petersburg Times
1990 "Historic Sites Dot Land Along Harbor." May 24. Clearwater Public
Library vertical file.
1991 "Transplanting a City's Heart." June 18. Clearwater Public Library
vertical file.
Sanborn Map Company
Sanborn Map, Clearwater, Florida (1913, 1917, 1923, 1929, 1929 updates,
1942 and 1946, and 1965). Sanborn Map Company, New York.
State of Florida, Department of Natural Resources, Division of State Lands, Land Records
and Title Section
1846 Field Notes, Volume 68.
1846 Plat Map. Township 29 South, Range 15 East.
Tract Book, Volume 13.
Straub, W.L.
1929
History of Pinellas County Florida. The Record Company Printers, St.
Augustine.
The Sun
1939
"Chronological List of Outstanding Events in Clearwater, 1914-1939."
May 1. Heritage Village Archives.
Tebeau, Charlton W.
1965 Florida from Indian Trail to Space Age. Southern Publishing Company,
Delray Beach.
1971 A History of Florida. University of Miami Press, Coral Gables.
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6-5
Turner, Susan
1989 "Pinellas County." In A Guide to Florida's Historic Architecture.
University of Florida Press, Gainesville.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Interagency Resources Division
1991 National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria
for Evaluation. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
1991 National Register Bulletin 16: How to Complete the National Register
.Em:m. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Woman's Club
1917 "A History of Clearwater, Florida." Manuscript on file, Clearwater Public
Library vertical file.
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APPENDIX A: Previously Recorded Buildings
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FSF Site # Site JI,1ame Address
* PIoo165 South Ward School 610 S. Ft. Harrison Ave
* PI00317 Cleveland St Post Office 650 Cleveland St
PI00860 Coachman Building 503 Cleveland St
* PI01894 Old Pinellas County Courthouse 315 Court St
PI01895 127-133-137 N Garden Ave 127-133-137 N Garden Ave
PI01896 Arctic Ice House 630 Drew St
PI01899 905 Drew St 905 Drew St
PIOl900 907 Drew St 907 Drew St
PI01902 911 Drew St 911 Drew St
PI01905 1003 Drew St 1003 Drew St
PI01908 1007 Drew St 1007 Drew St
PI01910 10 13 Drew St 1013 Drew St
PI01969 604 Nicholson St 604 Nicholson St
PI01970 608 Nicholson St 608 Nicholson St
PI01972 600 Nicholson St 600 Nicholson St
PI02020 611 N Ft Harrison Ave 611 N Ft Harrison Ave
PI02029 707 N Ft Harrison Ave 707 N Ft Harrison Ave
PI02030 613 N Ft Harrison Ave 613 N Ft Harrison Ave
PI02031 709 N Ft Harrison Ave 709 N Ft Harrison Ave
PI02032 807 N Ft Harrison Ave 807 N Ft Harrison Ave
PI02033 809 N Ft Harrison Ave 809 N Ft Harrison Ave
PI02034 901 N Ft Harrison Ave 90 1 N Ft Harrison Ave
PI02035 Fentress, Jack T Jr House 905 N Ft Harrison Ave
PI02036 909 N Ft Harrison Ave 909 N Ft Harrison Ave
PI02037 Smith, Mrs ala M House 911 N Ft Harrison Ave
PI02045 1303 N Ft Harrison Ave 1303 N Ft Harrison Ave
PI02080 703 N Garden Ave 703 N Garden Ave
PI02081 811 N Garden Ave 811 N Garden Ave
PI02082 809 N Garden Ave 809 N Garden Ave
PI02083 807 N Garden Ave 807 N Garden Ave
PI02084 805 N Garden Ave 805 N Garden Ave
PI02085 709 N Garden Ave 709 N Garden Ave
PI02086 707 N Garden Ave 707 N Garden Ave
PI02087 Johnson, Betty House 707 1/2 N Garden Ave
PI02088 704 N Garden Ave 704 N Garden Ave
PI02089 607 N Garden Ave 607 N Garden Ave
PI02090 606 N Garden Ave 606 N Garden Ave
PI02092 601 N Garden Ave 601 N Garden Ave
PI02093 602 N Garden Ave 602 N Garden Ave
PI02094 604 N Garden Ave 604 N Garden Ave
PI02095 605 N Garden Ave 605 N Garden Ave
--k
Previously Recorded Buildings ~~. \-, ~ ARCHAEOLOGICAL
~~~iJ CONSULTANTS
* Denotes National Register Listed Propery ~ . INCORPORATED
~ Sarasota, Florida
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FSF Site #
PI02096
PI02097
PI02098
PI02099
PI021 00
PI02101
PI02105
PI02106
PI02114
PI02127
PI02128
PI02129
PI02130
PI02131
PI02153
PI02160
PI02161
PI02225
PI02226
PI02227
PI02238
PI02241
PI02242
PI02243
PI02249
PI02251
PI02252
PI02253
PI02254
PI02255
PI02256
PI02257
PI02258
PI02259
PI02260
PI02261
PI02262
PI02263
PI02264
PI02265
PI02266
Site Name
706 N Garden Ave
513 N Garden Ave
503 N Garden Ave
409 N Garden Ave
405 N Garden Ave
403 N Garden Ave
508 N Garden Ave
509 N Garden Ave
Gulf Marine
603 Eldridge St
604 Eldridge St
606 Eldridge St
Denson, Orven House
Thomas, Henry House
606 Hart St
Krontz, Harry House
518 Jones St
501 N Ft Harrison Ave
811 N Ft Harrison Ave
1203 N Ft Harrison Ave
Mount Olive A M E Church
404 Pinellas Tr
506 Pinellas Tr
510 Pinellas Tr
Shaw, Mrs Adell House
Calvary Baptist Church
Exchange Building, The
Royalty Theatre Company
409 Cleveland St
Guaranty Title and Trust Building
Bay View Building
413 Cleveland St
Chateau Madrid Restaurant
Colony Arcade, The
Weisman Bldg
Peoples Bank Building
Bank of Clearwater Building
519 Cleveland St
526,528,530 Cleveland St
529,531,533 Cleveland St
Padgett Building
Previously Recorded Buildings
* Denotes National Register Listed Propery
Address
706 N Garden Ave
513 N Garden Ave
503 N Garden Ave
409 N Garden Ave
405 N Garden Ave
403 N Garden Ave
508 N Garden Ave
509 N Garden Ave
405 Ft Harrison Ave
603 Eldridge St
604 Eldridge St
606 Eldridge St
609 Eldridge St
611 Eldridge St
606 Hart St
512 Jones St
518 Jones St
501 N Ft Harrison Ave
811 N Ft Harrison Ave
1203 N Ft Harrison Ave
300-302 Pinellas Tr
404 Pinellas Tr
506 Pinellas Tr
510 Pinellas Tr
605 Nicholson St
331 Cleveland St
401 Cleveland St
405 Cleveland St
409 Cleveland St
411 Cleveland St
410-418 Cleveland St
413 Cleveland St
415 Cleveland St
421 and 423 Cleveland St
431 Cleveland St
430-432 Cleveland St
500 Cleveland St
519 Cleveland St
526,528,530 Cleveland St
529,531,533 Cleveland St
534 Cleveland St
........-
r~o~l~ L ARCHAEOLOGICAL
~ "" 1;; 0) ~ CONSULTANTS
\ '" ..~ INCORPORATED
~~ Sarasota, Rorida
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FSF Site #
PI02267
PI02268
PI02269
PI02270
PI02271
PI02272
PI02273
PI02315
PI08022
PI08023
PI08024
Site Name
Jackson Building-Brown Bros Bldg
616-626 Cleveland St
628 Cleveland St
635-637 Cleveland St
645-647-649 Cleveland St
701-705 Cleveland St
County Health Deparunent
Alexander, Joseph S, Law Offices
Haven Street House
Fort Harrison Hotel
Peace Mem. Presby. Church
Previously Recorded Buildings
* Denotes National Register Listed Propery
Address
615-621Cleveland St
616-626 Cleveland St
628 Cleveland St
635-637 Cleveland St
645-647-649 Cleveland St
701-705 Cleveland St
1180 Cleveland St
416 Drew $t
400 Pierce Blvd
210 $ Ft Harrison Ave
11 0 S Ft Harrison Ave
~.......
~'~-\'L ARCHAEOLOGICAL
rn CONSULTANTS
\~t\J~ INCORPORATED
Sarasota, Florida
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APPENDIX B: List of Buildings Surveyed
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FMSF # lJLD. # STREET NAME STJA VE.
/BLVD. STYLE DOC USE
2241 404 Blanche B. Littlejohn Trail FV c. 1920 R
2242 506 Blanche B. Littlejohn Trail FV c. 1922 R
8386 400 Blanche B. Littlejohn Trail FV c. 1922 R
8388 406 Blanche B. Littlejohn Trail FV c. 1922 R
8389 502 Blanche B. Littlejohn Trail FV c. 1922 R
8391 508 (510) Blanche B. Littlejohn Trail FV c. 1922 C
8413 124 Booth Ave. FV c. 1938 R
8414 130 Booth Ave. FV c.1945 R
8415 132 Booth Ave. MV c.1948 R
8449 1114 Brownell St. FV c. 1940 R
8451 1182 Brownell St. MY c. 1931 RE
8520 1192 Brown's Ct. MV c. 1938 R
8521 1190 Brown's Ct. CR c. 193 1 R
8522 1183 Brown's Ct. MV c. 1941 R
8523 1181 Brown's Ct. MR c. 1940 R
8550 1182 Brown's Ct. FV c. 1925 R
8275 301 Cedar St. FV c. 1920 R
8276 302 Cedar St. FV c. 1922 R
8277 303 Cedar St. B c. 1922 R
8278 400 Cedar St. B c. 1922 R
8279 402 Cedar St. B c. 1922 R
8383 309-311 Cedar St. FV c. 1949 R
8372 525 Chestnut St. FV c. 1926 C
8373 609 Chestnut St. FV c. 1 947 R
8374 617 Chestnut St. FV c. 1941 R
8375 619 Chestnut St. MY c. 1935 C
8549 708 Chestnut St. MV c.1949 C
8562 639 (645) Chestnut St. MV c.1940 C
8538 1274 Cleveland St. MV c. 1949 C
8539 1224 Cleveland St. MV c.1949 C
Architectura1 Style: UseJFunction: ~ '--
FV=Frame Vernacular AM=AnModeme MO=Modem R = Residential F-~~ \" ~ ARCHAEOLOGICAL
MV=Masomy Vernacular MR = Mediterranean Revival IR=llalian Renaissance C=Commercial
CR = Colonial Revival TR=Tudor Revival NS=No Style RE=ReligiollS
B=Bungalow P = Prairie QA = Queen Anne S = Social o~ n CONSULTANTS
MT=MinimaI Traditional C = Craftsman CJR=CamI=iaI/ ~~ INCORPORATED
NR = N eoc1assicaI Revival R=Ranch Residential
QH = Quonset Hut M = Mission 1= Instiwtional . Sarasota, Florida
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FMSF # BLD. # STREET NAME STJA VE.
/BLVD. STYLE DOC USE
8540 1218-1222 Cleveland St MY c. 1950 C
8541 1214 Cleveland St. MY c. 1950 C
8542 1208-1210 Cleveland St. MY c. 1950 C
8543 1115 Cleveland St. QH c. 1946 C
8544 901 Cleveland St. M c. 1938 C
8545 841 Cleveland St. MV c. 1950 C
8546 840 Cleveland St. MY c. 1949 C
8547 814 Cleveland St. MY c. 1949 C
8548 714 Cleveland St. MY c. 1949 C
8558 623-625-627 Cleveland St. MY c. 1945 C
8461 1140 N.E. Cleveland St. MR c. 1925 C
8463 1148 N.E. Cleveland St. FV c. 1925 R
8401 1170 Court St. FV c. 1925 R
8416 606-608 Court St. MV c. 1949 C
8417 609 Court St. MV c.1945 C
8418 610 Court St. MV c. 1950 C
8419 635 Court St. FV c. 1925 C
8420 652 Court St. MY c. 1949 I
8421 651 Court St. MV c. 1948 C
8422 657 Court St. FV c. 1923 C
8423 700 Court St. FV c. 1947 C
8424 705 Court St. MV c. 1946 C
8425 725 Court St. MY c. 1946 C
8448 1012 Drew St. FV c. 1927 C
8485 632 Drew St. MV c. 1945 C
8513 717 Drew St. MV c. 1935 C
8514 911 Drew St. MV c. 1940 R
8515 919-921 Drew St. MY c. 1921 RE
8516 1009-1011 Drew St. MV c. 1950 R
8517 1009 1/2-10 11 1/2 Drew St. MV c. 1950 R
8518 699 Drew St. FV c. 1942 C
8559 906 Drew St. FV c. 1923 C
8370 600 Druid Rd. NR c. 1911 C
Architectural Style: Use!FI1nctiOD: ~ -
FV=Frame Vernacular AM =An Moderne MO=Modern R = Residential ~~ ~ ARCHAEOLOGICAL
MV = Masolll)' Vernacular MR = Mediterranean Revival IR = Italian Renaissance C =Commercial
CR = Colonial Revival TR=Tudor Revival NS=No Style RE-Religious ~ l- CONSULTANTS
B = Bungalow P-Prairie QA = Queen Anne S-Social
MT=MinimaI Traditional C=Craftsman CIR =CarmerciaI/ ~ . INCORPORATED
NR = N eoc1assicaI Revival R = Ranch Residential
QH=Quonset Hut M = Mission I ~ Instiwtional Sarasota, Florida
-I
FMSF # BLD.# STREET NAME STJAVE.
/BLVD. STYLE DOC USE
8480 120 N. East Ave. FV c. 1930 C
8481 106 N. East Ave. FV c. 1930 C
2127 603 Elridge St. FV c. 1922 R
2128 604 Elridge St. FV c. 1922 R
2129 606 Elridge St. FV c. 1922 R
2130 609 Elridge St. FV c. 1922 R
2131 611 Elridge St. FV c. 1922 R
8303 403 Elridge St. FV c. 1925 R
8268 308 Engman St. FV c. 1923 R
8269 402 Engman St. FV c. 1919 R
8270 404 Engman St. FV c. 1922 R
8271 407 Engman St. FV c. 1925 R
8446 411 Ewing Ave. FV c. 1940 R
8447 413 Ewing Ave. FV c. 1930 R
8228 201 Fairrnont St. FV c. 1940 R
8229 202 F airmont St. FV c. 1940 R
8324 304 F airmont St. MT c. 1950 R
2020 611 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. AM c. 1942 C
2030 613 (611) N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MY c. 1930 C
2032 807 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1920 C
2033 809 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. C c. 1922 R
2114 405 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1920 C
2225 501 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MY c. 1926 C
2226 811 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. C c. 1920 C
8325 1812 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. B c. 1926 R
8326 1800 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1947 C
8327 1780 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1940 R
8328 1760 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MR c. 1926 C
8329 1740 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MR c. 1926 C
8330 1738 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1934 C
8331 1610 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1920 R
Architectural Style: UseJFunction: -l-..
FV=Frame Vernacular AM-Art Modeme MO=Modem R = Residential ~I ~
MV=Masomy Vernacular MR = Mediterranean Revival IR = ItAlian Renaissance C = Commercial I ~ ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CR=Colonial Revival TR-Tudor Revival NS=No Style RE = Religious ~ CONSULTANTS
B=Bungalow P = Prairie QA=Queen Anne S = Social
MT=MinimaI Traditional C = Craftsman CIR=Cmmcn:iaII ~ . . INCORPORATED
NR=NeoclassicaI Revival R=Ranch Residential
QH = Quonset Hut M=Mission I = Institutional Sarasota, Florida
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FMSF # BLD. # STREET NAME ST./A VE.
/BLVD. STYLE DOC USE
8332 1602 N. Fl Harrison Ave. B c. 1935 R
8333 1504 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1940 R
8334 1502 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1940 R
8335 1500 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1920 R
8336 1412 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1926 R
8337 1408 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. B c. 1925 R
8338 1406 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1935 C
8339 1402 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8340 1204 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8341 1106 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. C c. 1922 C
8342 1102-1104 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. DV c. 1922 R
8343 1016 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. DV c. 1941 R
8344 1012 N. Fl Harrison Ave. DV c. 1922 R
8345 1000 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. DV c. 1925 R
8346 912 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1922 I
8347 900 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. NR 1915 I
8351 805 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1922 C
8352 804 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MR c. 1926 R
8353 802 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1940 C
8354 801 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c.1932 C
8357 604 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1935 R
8358 602 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1922 R
8359 509 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1922 R
8360 508 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1922 R
8361 507 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8362 505 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. NR c. 1920 R
8364 500 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c.1948 C
8365 409 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1945 C
8368 317 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1937 C
8382 1618 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1947 C
8433 504 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1948 C
8438 34 (32) N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1925 C
8490 16-20 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1925 C
8491 22 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MR c. 1925 C
8492 24-26-28 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MR c. 1925 C
8493 29 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. VM c. 1926 C
ArchitecturaI Style: UseJFunction: --!-
FV = Frame Vernacular AM-Art Modeme MO=Modem R = Residential ~ I ""
MV=Masolll)' Vernacular MR=Meditcrrancan Revival IR = Italian Renaissance C = Commercial , ~ ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CR=Colonial Revival TR-Tudor Revival NS=No Style RE=Religious
B = Bungalow P = Prairie QA=Queen Anne S = Social ~ I- CONSULTANTS
MT=MinimaI Traditional C = Craftsman CJR =CmmcrciaII ~ . . INCORPORATED
NR = Neoclassical Revival R=Ranch Residential
QH=QuonsctHut M=Mission 1= Instiwtional ' Sarasota, Florida
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FMSF # BLD.# STREET NAME STJAVE.
/BLVD. STYLE DOC USE
8494 36-38 N. Ft Harrison Ave. MY c. 1925 C
8495 45 (43) N. Fl Harrison Ave. MY c. 1931 C
8496 101 N. Fl Harrison Ave. MV c. 1931 C
8497 105-107 N. Ft Harrison Ave. MV c. 1920 C
8498 109-111 N. Ft Harrison Ave. MV c. 1922 C
8499 118 N. Fl Harrison Ave. MR c. 1926 RE
8500 123 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1941 C
8501 129 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1923 S
8502 200 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1935 C
8503 225 N. Ft Harrison Ave. MV c.1949 C
8504 301 N. Ft Harrison Ave. MV c. 1920 R/C
8525 41 N. Ft Harrison Ave. MV c. 1950 C
8526 33 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MY c. 1920 C
8551 1824 N. Ft Harrison Ave. MV c. 1950 R
8552 1806 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1950 R
8553 1770 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1948 C
8554 1762 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1950 C
8555 705 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1940 C
8556 410 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1 920 I
8557 315 N. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1950 C
8023 210 S. Ft. Harrison Ave. IR c. 1925 C/R
8024 110 S. Ft Harrison Ave. MR c. 1922 RE
8482 531(511) S. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1942 C
8483 532 S. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c.1926 C
8484 526 (528-530) S. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c.1945 C
8486 534 S. Ft. Harrison Ave. FV c. 1910 C/R
8487 603 S. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c.1926 C
8488 710 S. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c.1947 C
8489 714 S. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c. 1941 C
8723 535 S. Ft. Harrison Ave. MV c.1940 C
8443 625 Franklin St. MV c. 1949 C
8444 629-63 1 Franklin St. MV c.1949 C
8445 703 Franklin St. MV c.1948 C
Architectural Style: UseJFunction: .....:I ;rr"..
FV=Frame Vernacular AM-An Modeme MO~Modem R = Residential r7E.~ \' ARCHAEOLOGICAL
MV = Masolll)' Vernacular MR = Mediterranean Revival IR = 1taJ.ian Renaissance C = Commercial
CR=ColoniaJ Revival TR=Tudor Revival NS=No Style RE=Religious
B=Bungalow P = Prairie QA=Quccn Anne S = Social ~~~ r CONSULTANTS
MT=MinimaJ Traditional C = Craftsman C1R=CamnatiaII ~ . INCORPORATED
NR=Neoclassical Revival R=Ranch Residential ~ Sarasota, Florida
QH = Quonset Hut M = Mission I = Instiwtional
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FMSF # BLD.# STREET NAME STJAVE.
/BLVD. STYLE DOC USE
2080 703 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1922 R
2081 811 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1922 R
2082 809 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1925 R
2083 807 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1925 R
2084 805 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1925 R
2085 709 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1920 R
2086 707 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1 922 R
2088 704 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1922 R
2089 607 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1922 R
2090 606 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1922 R
2094 604 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1922 R
2096 706 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1922 R
2097 513 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1 922 R
2098 503 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1920 R
2099 409 N. Garden Ave. MV c. 1941 C
2106 509 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1922 R
8369 401 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1920 C
8381 801 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8428 34 N. Garden Ave. FV c. 1921 C
8527 803 N. Garden Ave. MV c. 1950 R
8528 608 (610) N. Garden Ave. MY c. 1923 C
8560 101 N. Garden Ave. MV c. 1928 C
8426 408 (500) S. Garden Ave. NR c. 1927 C
8427 411-417 S. Garden Ave. MY c. 1945 C
8429 325-327 S. Garden Ave. MY c. 1948 C
8453 1109 Gould St. FV c. 1926 R
8439 114 N. Greenwood Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8440 114 1/2 N. Greenwood Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8441 123-125-127 N. Greenwood Ave. MR c. 1931 C
8442 129 N. Greenwood Ave. FV c. 1931 R
8436 408 (410) S. Greenwood Ave. FV c. 1 93 1 R
8437 409 S. Greenwood Ave. FV c. 1940 R
8457 205 S. Greenwood Ave. NS c. 1929 C
8458 319 S. Greenwood Ave. MV c. 1945 C
Architectura1 Style: UseJFunction: --L
FV=Frame Vemacular AM=An Modeme MO=Modem R = Residential F- ?J!iF&'\~ ARCHAEOLOGICAL
MV = Masonry Vemacular MR=Meditcrranean Revival IR = Italian Renaissance C = Commercial
CR = Colonial Revival 1R=Tudor Revival NS=No Style RE=Religious ~~g,\:'1 ~ CONSULTANTS
B=Bungalow P = Prairie QA=Queen Anne S = Social
MT=Minima1 Traditional C = Craftsman OR =CamIcrciaII ~ . _~ INCORPORATED
NR=Neoclassica1 Rcvival R=Ranch Residential ~ ~ Sarasota, Florida
QH = Quonset Hut M = Mission 1= lnstiwtional
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FMSF # BLD.# STREET NAME STJAVE.
/BLVD. STYLE DOC USE
8400 711 Grove 8t. FV c. 1915 C
8402 1002 Grove 8t. MY c. 1944 C
8403 1012 Grove 8t. FV c. 1942 R
8404 1016 Grove 8t. FV c. 1935 R
8405 1104 Grove 8t FV c. 1923 R
8406 11 04 1/2 Grove 8t. FV c. 1923 R
8407 1106 Grove 8t. FV c. 1926 R
8408 1108 Grove 8t. FV c. 1 925 R
8409 1109 Grove 8t. FV c. 1926 R
8464 1112 Grove 8t. B c. 1926 R
8465 1122 Grove 8t. MV c. 1950 R
8466 1127 Grove 8t. FV c.1926 R
8467 1128 Grove 8t FV c. 1926 R
8468 1132 Grove St. FV c. 1926 R
8470 1133 1/2 Grove St. FV c. 1925 R
8471 1135 Grove 8t. FV c. 1937 R
8472 1138 Grove St. B c. 1926 R
8473 1142 Grove St. FV c. 1940 R
8474 1143 Grove St. FV c. 1948 R
8307 612 Harold Ct. FV c. 1920 R
8306 611 Harold Ct. FV c. 1920 R
8313 406 Hart Alley FV c. 1920 R
8314 502 Hart Alley FV c. 1920 R
2153 606 Hart St. FV c. 1923 R
8309 603 Hart St. FV c. 1922 R
8310 604 Hart St. FV c. 1922 R
8311 605 Hart St. FV c. 1920 R
8475 515 Hendricks St. MV c. 1934 C
2160 512 Jones St. CR c.I922 R
2161 518 Jones 8t. FV c. 1922 R
8319 410 Jones St. CR c. 1922 R
Architectural Style: UsefFunction: .- -
FV=Frame Vernacular AM = Art Moderne MO=Modern R = Residential ~l ARCHAEOLOGICAL
MY = Masolll)' Vernacular MR=Mediterrancan Revival IR = IWian Renaissance C = Commercial
CR=Colonial Revival TR =1\Jdor Revival NS=No Style RE = Religious
B = Bungalow P=Prairie QA = Queen Anne S = Social ~ ~ 0 r CONSULTANTS
MT=Minimal Traditional C -Craftsman OR=CamlcrciaV ~ . INCORPORATED
NR=Neoclassical Revival R-Ranch Residential
QH = Quonset Hut M=Mission I = Institutional Sarasota, Florida
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FMSF # BLD. # STREET NAME STJAVE.
/BLVD. STYLE DOC USE
8318 400 Jones 8t. CR c. 1920 R
8323 530-532 Jones 8t. CR c. 1922 R
8322 -2 Jones 8t. FV c. 1922 R
8450 504 Jones St. FV c. 1925 C
8410 715 Laura St. MV c. 1945 C
8411 716 Laura St. MV c. 1 923 C
8412 720 (718) Laura St. MV c. 1950 C
8456 933 Laura St. FV c. 1925 C
8245 301 LeBeau St. FV c. 1942 R
8246 308 leBeau St. MT c.1942 R
8247 309 leBeau St. B c. 1942 R
8248 312 leBeau St. B c. 1938 R
8249 315 leBeau St. MV c. 1938 R
8250 319 leBeau St. B c. 1925 R
8251 400 LeBeau St. FV c.1945 R
8252 401 leBeau St. FV c. 1945 R
8253 405 LeBeau St. FV c. 1923 R
8254 406 leBeau St. FV c.1945 R
8255 409 LeBeau St. FV c. 1922 R
8256 413 leBeau St. FV c. 1945 R
8257 414 LeBeau St. FV c. 1931 R
8258 416 leBeau St. FV c. 1942 R
8259 417 leBeau St. FV c. 1948 R
8452 409 S. Madison Ave. MV c. 1926 R
8315 605 Maple St. FV c. 1922 R
8316 607 Maple St. FV c.1940 R
8317 700 Maple St. FV c.1940 R
8260 302 Marshall St. FV c. 1922 R
8261 304 Marshall St. FV c. 1922 R
8262 305 Marshall St. B c. 1922 R
8263 306 Marshall St. FV c. 1922 R
Architectural Style: UsefFunction: - -
FV=Frame Vernacular AM=An Modeme MO=Modem R = Residential I 6"'''':'' \ "'l t- ARCHAEO LOG! CAL
MV = Masomy Vernacular MR = Mediterranean Revival lR = Italian Renaissance C = Commercial
CR = Colonial Revival TR=Tudor Revival NS=No Style RE = Religious
B = Bungalow P=Prairie QA = Queen Anne S = Social \~ CONSULTANTS
MT=MinimaI Traditional C = CraftslIWl CIR =Coomen:iaII \ . . INCORPORATED
NR=Neoclassical Revival R = Ranch Residential
QH=Quonset Hut M=Mission I = Institutional . 5arasola, Florida
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FMSF # BLD.# STREET NAME STJA VE.
/BLVD. STYLE DOC USE
8264 401 Marshall St. FV c. 1945 R
8265 402 Marshall St. FV c. 1945 R
8266 403 Marshall St. FV c. 1942 R
8267 405 Marshall St. FV c. 1942 R
8524 118 N. Missouri Ave. FV c. 1941 R
8519 108 N. Myrtle Ave. QH c.1945 C
8459 205 S. Myrtle Ave. MV c. 1948 C
8460 504 S. Myrtle Ave. MO c. 1948 C
8530 500 S. Myrtle Ave. MV c. 1 939 C
1969 604 Nicholson St. FV c. 1920 R
1970 608 Nicholson St. FV c. 1922 R
1972 600 Nicholson St. FV c. 1920 R
2249 605 Nicholson St. FV c. 1922 R
8287 504 Nicholson St. FV c. 1922 R
8288 507 Nicholson St. FV c. 1920 R
8289 508 Nicholson St. FV c. 1922 R
8290 509 Nicholson St. MV c. 1922 R
8294 606 Nicholson St. FV c. 1922 R
8113 301 N. Osceola Ave. CR c. 1928 R
8114 304 N. Osceola Ave. CR c.1949 R
8115 308 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1923 R
8116 303 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. I 923 R
8117 305 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1941 R
8118 312 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1 922 R
8119 314 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1922 R
8120 400 N. Osceola Ave. NCR c.1919 R
8121 404 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1922 R
8122 407 N. Osceola Ave. MR c. 1928 R
8123 503-505 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8124 507 -509 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1922 R
8125 511 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1936 R
8126 510 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1930 R
Architectural Style: UselFunctioo: --
FV = Frame Vernacular AM = Art Modeme MO=Modem R = Residential ~ -.e:" \~ ~ ARCHAEOLOGICAL
MV = Masonry Vernacular MR=Mediterrancan Revival IR=Ita1ian Renaissance C = Commercial
CR=ColoniaJ Revival TR=Tudor Revival NS=No Style RE=Religious
B = Bungalow P=Prairie QA = Queen Anne S=Social i'~ CONSULTANTS
MT=Minima1 Traditional C = Craftsman 01l. =CmmcrcialI ~ . INCORPORATED
NR = Neoclassical Revival R=Rancb Residential
QH = Quonset Hut M=Mission 1= Instiwtional Sarasota, Florida
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FMSF # BLD.# STREET NAME STJA VE.
/BLVD. STYLE DOC USE
8127 601 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1922 R
8128 603 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1922 R
8129 604 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1921 R
8130 605 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1929 R
8131 607 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1921 R
8132 606 N. Osceola Ave. MV c. 1922 R
8133 608 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1922 R
8134 609 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1922 R
8135 611 N. Osceola Ave. FV c.1926 R
8136 704 (A&B) N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1926 R
8137 704 (C&D) N. Osceola Ave. TR c. 1925 R
8138 708 (A&B) N. Osceola Ave. TR c. 1925 R
8139 708 (C&D) N. Osceola Ave. TR c. 1925 R
8140 706 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1900 R
8141 705 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1922 R
8142 707 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1922 R
8143 806 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1933 R
8144 908 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1921 R
8145 1005 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8146 1007 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1922 R
8147 1011 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1922 R
8148 1015 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1928 R
8149 1017 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1938 R
8150 1105 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8151 1107 N. Osceola Ave. MR c. 1926 R
8152 1201 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1938 R
8153 1203 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8154 1207 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8155 1213 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1938 R
8156 1217 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1940 R
8157 1305 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1919 R
8158 1309 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1938 R
8159 1308 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1 919 R
8160 1401 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1938 R
8161 1406 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8162 1407 N. Osceola Ave. B c. 1925 R
Architectural Style: UseJFunction: .-... --
FV=Frame Vernacular AM=An Modeme MO=Modem R = Residential ~ ~\ " ARCHAEOLOGICAL
MV=Masolll)' Vernacular MR = Mediterranean Revival IR = Italian Renaissance C = Commercial f~
CR = Colonial Revival TR=Tudor Revival NS=No Style RE=Religious ~~ CONSULTANTS
B=Bungalow P=Prairie QA=Queen Anne S =Social \~
MT=MinimaI Traditional C=Craftsman CIR=CamlertiaV INCORPORATED
NR=Neoclassica1 Revival R=Ranch Residential ~ .' Sarasota, Florida
QH=Quonset Hut M=Mission 1= Instinnional
I
FMSF # BLD.# STREET NAME STJA VE~
/BLVD. STYLE DOC USE
8163 1409 N. Osceola Ave. B c. 1925 R
8164 1411 N. Osceola Ave. B c. 1925 R
8165 1410 N. Osceola Ave. B c. 1925 R
8166 1412 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8167 1413 N. Osceola Ave. B c. 1925 R
8168 1500 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1919 R
8169 1603 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1947 R
8170 1604 N. Osceola Ave. MR c. 1925 R
8171 1605 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1949 R
8172 1606 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1923 R
8173 1608 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1938 R
8174 1609 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8175 1611 N. Osceola Ave. MT c. 1938 R
8176 1612 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1934 R
8177 1613 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8178 1615 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1925 R
8179 1501 N. Osceola Ave. MT c. 1948 R
8180 1701 N. Osceola Ave. MR c.1948 R
8181 1704 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1938 RR
8182 1709 N. Osceola Ave. MT c.1945 R
8506 100 N. Osceola Ave. MY c. 1920 R
8507 1209-1211 N. Osceola Ave. MV c. 1950 R
8508 1212 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1949 R
8509 1215 N. Osceola Ave. MV c. 1939 R
8510 1303 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1926 R
8529 700 N. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1947 R
8531 311 S. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1923 C
8532 305 S. Osceola Ave. FV c. 1923 C
8272 300 Palm Bluff St. MV c. 1925 R
8273 303 Palm Bluff St. C c. 1919 R
8274 404 Palm Bluff St. B c. 1923 R
8430 514 Park St. MV c. 1929 C
8431 805 Park St. MV c. 1945 C
8432 807 Park St MV c. 1948 C
Architectural Style: UselFunction: --L
FV = Frame Vemacular AM = Art Modeme MO=Modem R = Residential r~ ., ~ ARCHAEOLOGICAL
MV=Masonry Vernacular MR = Mediterranean Revival IR z Italian Renaissance C = Commercial
CR=ColoniaI Revival 1R = Tudor Revival NS=No Style RE = Religious
B=Bungalow P=Prairie QA=Queen Anne S =Social \"'{~ CONSULTANTS
MT = Minimal Traditional C = Craftsman C/R =CauncrciaII ~ . .. INCORPORATED
NR = N eocJassical Revival R=Rancb Residential ~ Sarasota, Florida
QH=Quonset Hut M=Mission 1= Instiwtional
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I FMSF # BLD.# STREET NAME STJA VE.
/BLVD. STYLE DOC USE
I 8434 1271 Park St. FV c. 1947 R
8435 1275 Park St. FV c. 1947 R
I 8533 530 Park St. MY c. 1925 C
8534 801 Park St. MV c. 1949 C
8535 802-804 Park St. MV c. 1949 C
I 8536 814 Park St. MY c. 1940 C
8537 918 Park St. MY c. 1950 C
I 8022 400 Pierce Blvd. P c. 1920 S
8380 1135 Pierce St. FV c. 1926 R
8454 806 Pierce St. FV c. 1931 C
I 8455 815 Pierce St. MV c.1944 C
8505 1117 Pierce St. FV c. 1949 R
I 8291 605 Pine St. FV c. 1922 R
8293 607 Pine St. FV c. 1920 R
I 8295 609 Pine St. FV c. 1920 R
8304 610 Pine St. FV c. 1922 R
8305 611 Pine St. FV c. 1 922 R
I 8233 403 Pleasant St. FV c. 1949 R
8234 412 Pleasant St. FV c.1949 R
I 8235 312 Princess St. FV c. 1941 R
8236 315 Princess St. FV c. 1940 R
I 8237 403 Princess St. FV c. 1925 R
8238 404 Princess St. FV c. 1938 R
"..'.' 8239 406 Princess St. FV c. 1933 R
I 8240 407 Princess St. FV c. 1926 R
8241 411 Princess St. MV c. 1925 R
8242 412 Princess St. FV c. 1932 R
I 8243 413 Princess St. FV c. 1925 R
8244 416 Princess St. FV c. 1936 R
.-
I 8393 523 Rogers St. FV c. 1920 R
8394 523 1/2 Rogers St. FV c. 1 924 R
~-.:..
I
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I Architectura1 Style: UseJFunction:
,- FV = Frame Vernacular AM = Art Modeme MO=Modem R = Residential
MV = Masonry Vemacular MR = Mediterranean Revival IR = Italian Renaissance C = Commercial ARCHAEOLOGICAL
I CR=Colonial Revival n=Tudor Revival NS=No Style RE=Religious CONSULTANTS
B = Bungalow P = Prairie QA = Queen Anne S=Social
MT=MinimaI Traditional C=Craftsman CIR=CaImatiaV INCORPORATED
.'. NR=Neoclassical Revival R=Rancb Residential
I QH=Quonset Hut M =Mission I = Institutional Sarasota, Florida
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FMSF # BLD.# STREET NAME STJAVE.
/BLVD. STYLE DOC USE
8395 530 Rogers Sl MR c. 1926 R
8296 609 Seminole St. MV c. 1 923 R
8297 608 Seminole Sl MY c. 1922 R
8298 606 Seminole St. FV c. 1922 R
8299 605 Seminole St. FV c. 1 922 R
8300 504 Seminole St. FV c. 1922 R
8301 302 Seminole St. MV c. 1935 C
8302 301 Seminole St. FV c. 1929 S
8280 304 Spring Ct. MT c. 1940 R
8281 305 Spring Ct. FV c. 1922 R
8282 306 Spring Ct. FV c. 1922 R
8283 308 Spring Ct. FV c. 1922 R
8284 309 Spring Ct. FV c. 1922 R
8285 310 Spring Ct. FV c. 1922 R
8286 311 Spring Ct. FV c. 1922 R
8230 101 Sunburst Ct. FV c.1940 R
8231 105 Sunburst Ct. M c. 1938 R
8232 III SWlburst Ct. FV c.1940 R
8348 310 Sunburst Ct. FV c. 1942 R
8356 314 Sunburst Ct. MT c. 1942 R
8387 205 Sunburst Ct. MT c. 1942 R
8390 315 Sunburst Ct. MT c. 1942 R
8396 320 Sunburst Ct. MT c. 1942 R
8397 400 Sunburst Ct. MT c. 1950 R
8398 406 Sunburst Ct. MT c. 1950 R
8188 1748 Sunset Dr. R c. 1948 R
8189 1754 Sunset Dr. R c. 1 946 R
8190 1803 Sunset Dr. FV c. 1926 R
8191 1804 Sunset Dr. R c. 1948 R
8192 1807 Sunset Dr. MR c. 1925 R
8193 1815 Sunset Dr. MT c.1940 R
8194 1742 Sunset Dr. FV c. 1945 R
Architectural Style: USb'Function: .-.:'I ---
FV = Frame Vemacular AM = Art Modeme MO=Modem R = Residential A.:\ "'4. t- ARCHAEOLOGICAL
MV = Masolll}' Vemacular MR=Mediterranean Revival IR = Italian Renaissance C = Commercial
CR = Colonial Revival TR=Tudor Revival NS = No Style RE = Religious
B = Bungalow P-Prairie QA=Queen Anne S = Social 0- CONSULTANTS
MT = Minimal Traditional C = Craftsman CJR=Carm=iaV ~ INCORPORATED
NR=NeoclassicaJ Revival R=Ranch Residential
QH = Quonset Hut M=Mission I = Institutional Sarasota. Florida
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Architectural Style:
FV=Frame Vernacular
MV =Masomy Vernacular
CR = Colonial Rcvival
B = Bungalow
MT = Minimal Traditional
NR=NeocWsica1 Rcvival
QH=Quonscl Hut
FMSF #
8195
8196
8197
8198
8199
8200
8201
8202
8203
8204
8205
8206
8207
8208
8209
8210
8211
8212
8213
8214
8215
8216
8217
8218
8219
8220
8221
8222
8223
8224
8225
8226
8227
8292
8384
8385
BLD.#
AM = Art Modeme
MR=MeditcrranC&D Rcvival
TR=Tudor Revival
P = Prairie
C=Craftsman
R=Rancb
M=Mission
1740
1735
1724
1715
1709
1705
1704
1701
1700
1611
1610
1607
1604
1603
1601
1505
1504
1500
1414
1404
1402
1310
1309
1307
1305
1303
1302
1301
1217
1213
1212
1208
1743
1766
1729
1803
MO=Modem
IR = Italian Renaissance
NS=No Style
QA=Queen Anne
STREET NAME
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Sunset
Use/FuDction:
R = Residential
C=Commercial
RE=ReligioU5
S = Social
CIR =CamlcrciaII
Residential
I = Instiwtional
--------.......... ....-
STJAVE.
/BLVD. STYLE
Dr. FV
Dr. MR
Dr. MR
Dr. FV
Dr. FV
Dr. FV
Dr. MT
Dr. FV
Dr. FV
Dr. MV
Dr. FV
Dr. FV
Dr. B
Dr. CR
Dr. B
Dr. FV
Dr. MR
Dr. FV
Dr. MV
Dr. FV
Dr. M
Dr. MV
Dr. FV
Dr. FV
Dr. FV
Dr. FV
Dr. FV
Dr. FV
Dr. QA
Dr. FV
Dr. FV
Dr. MV
Dr. MT
Dr. MV
Dr. MV
Dr. MR
DOC USE
c. 1936 R
c. 1936 R
c. 1949 R
c.1949 R
c.1938 R
c.1939 R
c.1946 R
c. 1936 R
c. 1935 R
c. 1926 R
c. 1926 R
c. 193 I R
c. 1931 R
c.1925 R
c.1931 R
c.1931 R
c.1940 R
c. 1931 R
c. 1940 R
c. 1935 R
c. 1931 R
c. 1931 R
c. 193 I R
c. 1948 R
c. 1940 R
c.1948 R
c.1948 R
c.1935 R
c. 1885 R
c.1948 R
c. 1933 R
c.1948 R
c. 1943 R
c.1949 R
c.1948 R
c.I925 R
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CONSULTANTS
INCORPORATED
Sarasota, Florida
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FMSF # BLD.# STREET NAME STJAVE.
/BLVD. STYLE DOC USE
8399 1723 Sunset Dr. FV c. 1940 R
8462 1732 Sunset Dr. MV c. 1950 R
8469 1764 Sunset Dr. MV c. 1949 R
8511 1702 Sunset Dr. FV c. 1941 R
8512 1503 Sunset Dr. MT c. 1950 R
8308 600 Turner St MV c. 1920 R
8312 603 Turner St. FV c. 1920 R
8320 606 Turner St. FV c. 1922 R
8321 609 Turner St. FV c. 1920 R
8349 619 Turner St. FV c. 1922 R
8350 628 Turner St. FV c. 1922 C
8355 629 Turner St. FV c. 1922 C
8363 631 Turner St. FV c. 1922 R
8366 636 Turner St. FV c. 1922 C
8565 411 Turner St. CR c. 1923 R
8722 615 Turner St. FV c. 1921 R
8187 406 Venetian Dr. M c. 1925 R
8183 309 Venetian Dr. FV c. 1948 R
8184 311 Venetian Dr. MT c. 1948 R
8185 319 Venetian Dr. FV c. 1946 R
8186 405 Venetian Dr. MT c. 1948 R
8376 17 S. Washington Ave. FV c. 1938 R
8377 21 S. Washington Ave. FV c. 1928 R
8378 21A S. Washington Ave. FV c. 1938 R
8379 2IB S. Washington Ave. FV c. 1950 R
8476 219 S. Washington Ave. FV c. 1930 R
8477 301 S. Washington Ave. FV c. 1931 R
8478 308 (306) S. Washington Ave. FV c. 1950 R
8479 312 S. Washington Ave. FV c. 1945 R
8564 3121/2 S. Washington Ave. FV c. 1950 R
Architectural Style: UseJFunction: .-. "-
FV=Frame Vernacular AM = Art Modeme MO-Modem R = Residential r: "",..-;:q t ARCHAEOLOGICAL
MV=Masomy Vernacular MR=Mediterranean Revival IR = Italian Renaissance C = Commercial
CR = Colonial Revival TR=Tudor Revival NS=No Style RE=Religious
B = Bungalow P = Prairie QA=Queen Anne S = Social ~ CONSULTANTS
MT=Minimal Traditional C=Craftsman CJR =CamICIciaII \~. INCORPORATED
NR=Neoc1assicaJ Revival R = Rancb Residential
QH=Quonset Hut M=Mission I = Instillltional Sarasota. Florida
......