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258 , f. V V O l ' BUILDING CODE ORDINANCE NO. 253 -- l AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY W. CLEARWATER, FLORIDA, TO BE v ? „ ENTITLED, "AN CRDINANCL Ch[sATIiiG TIII O?''I-`ICE: OP BUILDING y INSPECTOR OF THI- CITY Ov CLEARWATEaR AND ADOPTING A ? L4. ?. ? BUILDING CODE". ,??' ?° I` '`` •s`r F? i ? ?'.?7.s:. .? y'?'i?} Y rn • ?±• y?t ?.„1??..1 ?'?}S'4`?/? qty ?•: .. .. BE IT ORDAINED By the City 0ditanis3 ion of the City of t± Clearwater, Florida. SECTION 1. That there is hereby creaated the office to be known as the office of Building Inspector of the City of Clearwater, Florida. Said Building 'Inspector shall perform all of the duties herein sot forth and shall receive such compensation as the City Commission shall determine. SECTION 2. The Inspector of Building shall be charged with the survey and inspection of buildings and the enforce- ment of these regulations and with such other duties in respect thereto, as the City Commission or City Manager may assign to him , and while holding office the Inspector of Building shall not'engage or be interested in business as an architect, engineer or builder in the City of Clearwater, or in the sale of building :materials. He shall sign and issue all permits, certificates and notices, render the regulations; keep on file all applications, places of buildings for public assemblies and notices received keep the records of all violations of the regulations and all matters relating thereto, and report therm to the City Manager; keep blank permits, certificates, notices, appli- cations and complaints; make anneal reports of the -9perations of his office, and such reports as may be required. He shall require the intent of the regulations to be observed in all matters affecting structure not specifically set forth herein and other such reconstruction as he may deem necessary-for safety; and person or persons evading such order will be liable to penalties provided in Section 63 of tho,.regulations; he shall see that the work is done in accordance with the law and'regulationn, that materials .are up.to the standard required; work done, in a substantial :i 4: .. „ ' tai ...... ........... r ... - .. , .... ..> ,,., - „ „ -.a.7 r:.:.' -.... ?. 2 r` .. 58i manner; shall examine any building when application shall bo•made for permit to raze, onl.argo or build upon it and ' ' make a record of its condition. ,It shall be tho duty of the BuildinB inspector to inspect all plwitibing, electrical work, steam fittings, gas fittings, boating plants, and • nny and all thingc onter.ing into the construction of any building. It shall be the duty, of the Inspector of Building i ' to enter any building or premises within the City of Clearwater for the purpose of examining the stoves and . pipes, ranges, ftax°nacec, heating aparatus of every kind ' whatsoever therein including the climneys, flues and pipes which with/the same may be connected, engine rooms, boilers, ovens, kettles, and also chemical apparatus or other thing which in his opinion mAy be dangerous to , the life and limb of occupants or otherd? n case of fire or explosion; and upon finding any of these defective or dangerous, or in any manner exposed or liable to fire or explosion from any cause Y•:% ?.: he shall issue orders, either printed or ,mitten, directing Ff'. °q owner or occupant to alter same or remove in such manner and within reasonable time, as may be necessary to insure ,•. :i safety., and in case of neglect or refusal to do so within r the time prescribed by such orders or direction, the party offering shall, on conviction be subject to the penalties of Section 63. The Inspector of Building so far as may be ' necessary for the performanco of his duties, shall have the right to enter any new or unocupied building or any 'building cJ.'} 5'•', ,. „I under construction, repRir, alteration or removal of any building alleged to be unsafe or a a,onane to life and limb, # upon shoring his badgo of office, and any person interferring '?'' `*a 1 with him in erformanco of such duties s a 1. be .:f ??': {?ti., _;Frt?::tc•. .Ig F:.. :.- p , h l liable .? #85,',,.' to penalty as provided in Section 63 -of the Regulations. Provided , however, that in case of entering a private ragidanco . :',° :fir>i?'??.•Pi?'. " the Building Inspector shall secure the permission of r. occupant or. legal authority for entering said building. SECTION 4* (a) Permits must be obtained in advance from =-? ' ?? ;41?'?}??•;?1?'? t' ?;#.1a.4?1(;=4 ?? < , • ": ; .gib, '. `,,?; "'.?°'' ' `;'?4 '':? I..:fs:'?i ?Flra1{a?-'-' //?y ? .'?.i-.:. - .:Il'P•'!rF :'..-Ik ??'f W i THE Inspect-or of Btxildings`or the oroetian, alteration, repair, (xlt7Dit. x), removal, and mai.ntainance of all buildings' and their appur. tenaneo which may affect safety of life and limb and neighboring property, or subject them to undue risk through structural defects or danger of fire or explosion. All buildings for purpose that might become a nuisance "in the opinion of the Inspector of Building" shall have the consent of seventy-fivo per cent of the property owners within a distance of 200 foot from any point of said building ` before a permit shall be issued. Plat showing property . ? = r. within said 200 feet and shorting consent shall become part 'of the records of the Building Department. Permits are required for erection or repair of hot water heaters, steam boilers, engines, furnaces, bake--ovens, machinery or oil tanks or any similar appliance:..which may causo fire or explosion, disturbing noise or vibrations. Also, for Storage and sprinkling tanks, for the location establishment, and maintainance, of certain kind of build.ing or premises, which without restraint or regulation might interfere with the health, safety and comfort of the conu;.unity, or result in s public nuisance. This applies to wood, coal, lumbar, stone, wagon and storage yards, automobile garages, stables or pens for animals, slaughter houses, markets, dairies,soap factories, or other such establishments further enuii.erated and controlled now or hereafter in the building regulations. (b) Permits are required for observation stands, temporary sidewalk coverings, bay windows, towers or other projections, area valllts, cellars, baseipent steps and all. excavation pertaining to buildings; and for awnings lights, signs or advertising devices attached to buildings or other structures. (e) A permit is required to convert any building to + other use than that for which it was originally intended as expressed in the application and permit issued for its construction or repair. Permits are not required for minor interior repairs where there is no interference with,,t.he „ r construction of the building, the fact to be determined in each care by the Inspector of }Buildings, or when the •- structural integrity of the building is not affected, to be determined by the Inspector of buildings. ' (d) Permits. Work shall be started on any oporation for t which a permit is issued within 90 days from date of issue:, otherwise permit recoi:es null. and void. (e) Drawings and Specifications to accompany applications. Applications for permits shall be made in writing and signed by the owner; or signed by the owner and witnessed . 1• ?7 3/t '' •??s7?-?`a ..i="?`h 7,"iY, ;x'•:.:8.4 _ by his builder, architect, or authorized agent, or by proper officer, or member of a corporation, corapany or firm, stating clearly work contemplated to be done, made upon blanks to be i.ssiiedifor the purpose by the Inspector of Buildings. In all cases two sets of drawings on linen tracing mounted blue or black prints or other approved fabric, and speci- fications sufficient to enable the Inspector of Buildings to obtain full and complete i.nfoiTtation as to 'the extent and character of the word: to be done shall be presented with such application. When such application and plans conform to these regul.a.ti•ons, the Inspector of Buildings shall issue a permit, file such applications and shall stamp plans stating that such drawing to which the same shall have been applied comply with the terms of these regulations, one set o f plans when stamped to be returned to applicant. Any person desiring such permit shall file with the Inspector of Buildings with afore mentioned plans, a plat of the proposed land upon which the proposed work is to be done, describing the same by?lot and block or other description by which same may be readily located or identified, the general dimensions of the building to be erected, constructed, altered, razed, built upon, moved or demolished. It shall be unlawful to alter or erase any plans upon which a permit has been granted without the approval of the Building Inspector.. Such approved•plans to•be kept nt the building under.construction•.or alteration during its construction f ['' em p 1 00 t. UYJ be aasil seen. f[`. a i i ?l 5... f? (f).Storage of fuel. No yard for the storage of coal, lumber or wood, or of any combustihlo material, shall be established without the consent of owners of 3-4 of the real estate within 50 feet of the boundaries of the place where it is proposed to establish the same, provided, however, that consent shall not be nocesnary to establishment of such to place wl thin 50 feet of a building or property used " for a.,similar character of business already established and # which is in active operation; if such establishment ceases to be operated for the purpose for which permit has been _ obtained, the permit shall be void and a new permit will be E Jr=•1,e.'???s ??•:. :'So; 'S)i. "?w:? `e. :•?'•'r IF -x'•.' required as in case of a new site. Porsons having upon their promises for sale, wood sawed and split not exceeding 5 cords in amount, shall be exempt from the provisions of the regulations of wood yards. SECTIO14 5. Fire Limits of the City of Clearwater are hereby designated as all of that territory within the corporate limits of the City lying within the following boundaries, within which no third class building may be erected Begin at a point of intersection of Fast City limits with a line 160 feet south of and parallel to the center line of Cleveland Street; Thence due West along said parallel line to the center line of the T & G. Co R.R; thence due South along said center line to a line 162.5 feet South of, and parallel to a center line of Park Street, thence due West along said parallel line to the center of the A C L R R; thence Southerly along said center line to a lihe 352.5 feet South of, and parallel to, the center line of Court Street, thence due West along said parallel line to the East line of Garden Avenue; thence Westerly to the inter- section of the vest line of Garden Avenue with the center line of Markley Street; thence West along said center line of Palm Avenue; thence North along said center line' to the center lino of Haven Strut; thence East along said center line to a line 218 feet East of, and parallel to, the center line of Fort.Harrison Avenue thence North along.sai.d parallel VVLIA ; dk,:? 584 ' 1 _ . line to the center line of Pierce Street; thonce, along said center line to the center line of Osceola Avenue; thence ENorth along said center line to the center line of Laura Street; thence Last along said canter lino to the common dividing line between lots facing on Osceola and Port Harrison Avenue, projected; thence North along said dividing' line to the center line bf Drew Street to the center line of Port Harrison Avenue; thence North along said center line to the center of alley between Drew Street and Jones Street; thence due East Along said center line to the center line of A C L R R, thence Southerly along said center line to a lino 165 feet North of,and parallel to the center line of Cleveland Street; thence due East along said parallel line to the East City limits; thence due South along said City Limits to the point of beginning. SECTION 6. Engineer:-L-- Chocking. No permits for the construction or alteration of any building or structure designated as first class of reinforced concrete frame, steel, combined steel and concrete or heavy will type or for storage warehouses. skull be issued until the details,, drawings and loadings shall. have been certified by a structural engineer as required by the State Law adopted by the Uegislature of the State of Florida, at its regular session 1915, and approved May 29th, 1915, governing the design of structural works, The Building Inspector may de- mand strain shoots to accompany the above specified plans. SECTION 7. Aggrieved Persons. Any person who may feel aggrieved by the decision, action or interpretation of the Inspector of Buildings, on an application for or revocation of permit, or the terms of any notice, or order from hirr,, or his manner of applying or in enforcing the regulations may appeal to a board of survey composed of the City Manager, .one disinterested architect, enpineer or builder selected 'by..?he applicant :and a third by these two. All such appeals shall be made in writing within ten days after M i 1 the refusal or revocation or a permit, or witnIn trio tlmo mentioned in any notice, or order.,w within five days of the decision of the Inspector of Building as to his intor- pretation of any building regulation and not after the period mentioned, such appeals must be made in writing and must be aeeompained by the receipt of the City Clerk r ' f for 6'20.00 deposited by the applicant to ray the compensation of ti`10.00 each to the architect, engineer:.. or builder, serving in each case. If the person so aggrieved is justi- find in his contention by the said Board of Survey, said fee of $20.00 shall be refunded. Such written appeal must be deposited with the City Clerk, who shall if demanded .give a receipt stating time of receiving such appeal and forward same to the City Manager within twenty-four hours. ' No oral complaints or appeals will be considered. The Inspector of Buildings shall comply with the decision of the majority of this Board of '"urvey, but nothing in this section can be construed in contravention of.the provisions-' in Section 8 for the condeic:nation of dangerous buildings or parts thereof. The interested parties dissatisfied with the board of survey may further appeal to the City Comission. SECTION 8. Dangerbus Buildings. If in the City of Clear- water, any building, or part of a building, staging or other ',. structure or anything attached to or connected with any building or other structure, shalll from any cause be reported unsafe, the Inspector of buildings shall exau.ine such structure, and if in his opinion, the se"me be found unsafe, he shall immediately notify the owner, agent, or other person, having an interest in said structure to cause the same to be Trade safe and secure, or that the sauke be removed, as may be neces:3ary. The person or persons so notified shall be allowed until •12:00 o'clock nooh of the day following the service of such notice in which to commence the securing the removal, of the same; and, he or they shall employ sufficient labor to remove or secure the said -R p, K' ,_.y{yyy .> building. as expeditiously as can be done; provided, however, r .r , ,• • ,Y 1t ei 4?t ?lr ? 5 ilYaw 3 Fts 58T that in a case where the public safet7, requires itimadiate ; action the Inspector of Buildings may enter upon the prom-. ises , with such workmen•,and asoistnnee as may be necessary and cause the said unsafe structure to be shored up, taken '...,'? down or otherwise secured without delay and a proper fence or. boarding be put up for the protection of passers by. • Wien such structures shall have beon declared unsafe, and i shall have been trade safe or taken down by the Inspector of Buildings, the cost and expense of such work shall be ? assessed upon the lot or ground whereon such structure ?'. stands orstood and unless the said assesmient is paid within ; N ! ninety days from service of notice on the owner, a agent or other person having interest in said structure, the same shall bear interest at the rate of 8 per cent from date of such assessment until paid, and shall be collected as general taxes; but said assessment shall- be without prejudice to the right which the owner way have to recover from any lessee or other person liable for repairs. ' SECTION 9. Survey of Walls. It shall not too lawful for any person or persons to build or erect or cause to be erected, to a greater height than one foot, the walls of any building in the * City of Clearwater upon any building " lot recorded in the office of the Engineer of the said ?.'. t City of Clearwater, without having first exhibited to the r Inspector of Buildings s certificate froir, the Engineer to =+ E: the effect that said walls, as marked and set out and begun, upon the footings thereof, do not encroach without legal ; .. .. ` authority upon spaces of any sort, and that walls so mapped 5. as party walls coincide with lot lines previously established Y e J. by the said Engineer. SECTION 10. Class of Construction. A building shall be ' - designated as of first class construction if strictly fire- .ei"• of •'ay: >' Y.f ?.C• i' • ;` ??:_' :` ;`d=, proof throughout. A building shall be designated as second q /,'[ tel:• s ?:4•?t r,??.s?;? "fw.:;_,: - class construction if of sen.i-fireproof construction. A ;:? ,?;;,;x,a_'=''? f,. shall beesi naiad as third class if of wood frame building I g construction. .,? ?` ?; ?.? R.r.?; `- - 'n'e:: .- •'; '= i:-.-;x%'74 ry,; >.'• . jc- ?'? ' ? t, . ? ; ; :. 5 is ?:r,'t;.'..?,.., , { ` + y 588, SECTION 11. Within lire Limits. Every building within the fire limits erect-.,id orailargad must be of first or second cInss construction. No frame or wooden structure shall be built within fire limits except tcii,poraty frame shods or office u,.-ed by the builder during construction., , to be removed at tbr, co:l:plot:lon of the building, or at the F discretion of V,e Building Inspoctor. i'ormita il,uat be ob- tainod from tho Building, Inspoctor for t1D oroction of ' temporary atte.. is, -' atforass, and booths. Temporary permits for the erection of tents to be occupied as temporary dwell- - ings may be is:.'led, and such pormit shall terminate b limitation, six months from date thoreof. All such t=- . 9 4.' porary dwellings shall have toilet facilities to be' aproved by the Sanitary Officer and shall not be nearer than twenty feet (20) to any other building. No such tent, or tent .. house to be used for any purpose, shall. bolocated within the 1- ; fire limits except by approval of the City Commission No frame building Within the fire 13..iFits shall be repaired or added to that has deteriorated 50 por cant above its foun-- dation. No frame building shall have a greater addition added thereto than 10 ft. x 12 ft. or 120 square feat floor space be permitted of combustiblo material. SECTION 12. Building Outside Fire Limits. Frame sides or walls of cox,.bustible material on any single building d3 all _ not be within three feat of the side or party line of the ; ' lot, except thatAhird class buildings may be built in pairs, i' { provided that there is a space of not loss than five feet #. j between the frame side and the next lot lire. Division =M1 wallas between the two adjacent buildings may be of stool covered with metal lathe and cement plaster both sides. Whore raore than one dwelling is erected of combustible ? material on one lot, there must be at least six feet between ..tL;Fr buildings.. v '- :?.?:??1w?..L?r=: • . '?\ rl V.'a3 ?. i,'.I •' ;Zt.t?? ayY}; ^4t_-.. -d ":.- v r . rah: - V"' "" i?: ,. .sM1' irf `i{: r?=•` ??'.`? .'Yt .?,. +E.ww .,. .:r.•-. r .. .'.. -. _ ,..? . e°-a war .-.. . ,. .« .. j;tf,. '''. • 10. .. i89 SECTION 13. Excavations. All excavations shall be pro- tr3cted.by sheet piling or adequate shores, or retaining walls of proper thickness, if necessary by the persons causing the sanio to be trade, in order that the sides shall not cave in and that the adjoining buildings and property shall not be dawaged. Provided, however, that the cost way be divided in certain cases under Section 14, regulating under.nia2irzg of walls. SECTION 14. Foundation walls. Foundation walls shall include all exterior walls below grado. 2. Foundation walls for solid wnll construction shall be of brick, concrete or stone. Brick foundation walls and those of concreto or stone shall not be less in thicI.- ness, than the walls immediately above them, and in no case '.•: '' less than 12 inches, except that when the enclosure is not ;% excavated they may be 8 inches thick if included within the allowable height of B inch-%ialls. 71hen built of concrete I' foundation walls shall be at least as thick as the walls supported, but in no case less than 8 inches. When built " - of rubble stone, they shall be at least 15 inches thick, ' rubble stone shall not be used as foundation for buildings (. over 35 feet. 3. Foundation walls for walls of hollow building tile, hollow concrete bloc.., or hollow wall of trick may be built . t . °: of brick, concrete, hollow concrete block, hollow Viall of brick, or hollow building tile. Hollow the and block 6 foundation walls sha11• be not less tha.a 12 inches thick, 4 but shall be required to be filled with concrete. 4. YYhen the stras,os duo to earth pressure and super - . 4. -i -i:i' inforced building exceed the rraxirnum. working stress specified, 1 e t. •! ,r j g'•'r: ';' _.- the wall thickness shall be increased to bring them within these limits. 5. Foundation galls for frame construction shall extend at least 8 inches above the adjoining ground surface, shall be ' ^` rr'^.`? . r• .:• r ?` ,. L ? . ?, {ys ia'.. .• j.''s'?;S? r ,I ` `; I' 4 ' ,i at least 8 inches thich and hollow til or brick walls A r y } 174? ti+lS?, z . skull not be required to be filled with concrete. When. the c I'i3`3 ia, 3ti {. }s € t= <` ?i =; `Y' ?5 y hei.ght of the earth against the ' walls of frame buildings . ? : ? (i+ ' ?' ° 'S1°;'e?-ass--.a-..r K .a .f ?k'.w •; J -MYIY C-" tl ? e •k s, w J S ,. ` , . , .. . , . k r 'i 4 4 4 s exceed five feet, additional thicknorns will be required. 6. Pouttdntion vialls shall be water-proofod with :3-4 inch of cement plaster or other offectivo mends, and in riot locations open tile drains shall be placed around the footings on outside, dincharging into an outfall or sower. This, applies to buildings with collars. Foundations must be at least 6 inches wider than well carried. Foundation of frame buildings oxceedi,ng twelve,foot in height to eaves of roof, shall be continuous, built of concrete, brick, or • ,?"?"},!'?',':I,.;..° 5 vii °'r.;•ti??;.' hollow tile, wdll ventilated. SECTION 15. Bbick-'Poundations. Hard bricks only shall be used in foundation. The bond of brickwork shall be formed by laying one course of hoadera for every five courses of stretchers. All joints longitudial as well as transverse, shall be thoroughly filled with mortar and each brick bedded in mortar under its entire surface. In building brick piers, receiving concentrated loads, there shall be provided at every offset in each pier, or at-every point where such brick pior receives the load, a bond stone at least 8 inches thick and at the top of each pier, a cap stone at least 10 inches thick, or in all. cases a bond plate of cast, or rolled iron the full size of thgpior. SECTION 16. quality bf Brick Work. All brick work shall be of sound well shaped bricks laid plumb and level, bedded in mortar and of the composition and qualify prescribed in those regulations for the different classes of buildings, with well filled well flushed up at every course with said mortar. No edging course will be allowed a=ccept in face brick, and all brick work shrill be laid level to avoid blbeking up under joists or beams. When necessary to block up, it must be done with slate, brick or other hard iacom- bustiblo material. No mortar joints shall be less than 1-4 inch or more.than 3-4 inch in thickness (except in face or press brick). SECTION. 17. Quality and Strength of Material. All which materials .are to be of su?c!h.quaLliryty for the purppsgfor ?) r III .. i .1 ; •_ +J.,?M:.4,.. r.... r'M%'.%-rte ... .. .. .. .. • r I • _ , . .. J v I r 2 r'1 i thay are to be used as to ensure in the Judgment of the Building Inspector aulple safety and security to life and limb, and neighboring property; arid to conform to legal trade and manufacturers standards, subject to the approval of Inspmctor of Buildings, who may require tests to be inade by the architoc.t, engineer, builder or ownor to determine i the strength of the structural material bofori or after they are incorporated in a building and who may require i° certified copies of results of tests made elsewhere from architects, engineers, builders, owner or other interested parties. ShOTI0,11 18. Walls Built Simultanecusly. The walls of every building must be built as nearly simultAneously as possible; and in no case shall a wall be built more than 8 feet higher than any other unfinished wall• of the same structures without special permission of the Inspector of ,-> Buildings, defining the manner in which the work is to be done.. r SECTION 19. Wall--How Anchored. Roof and floor beams and joists must be anchored at each tior into side, end or party walk and to each other with proper connections. In case of Waists wrought iron strap anchors 3-8" thick and 1 1-2" wide to farm continuous ties across building not more I than 4 feet apart. When joists pass or lap they crust be spiked together; wall anchors must be well fastened to the s sides of the joists and beams securely built into the walls. These wall anchors shall be on the case of iron or steel ',.l,';'.}'•' beams, angles with at least 4 inch logs riveted to the web ... :}, ' •?,_,V?"3'? .. of beams • and fo a ,.,,n .; . :,: .,I. ;t • . , , for joists t each pier 1 1 inch wide, 24 inches long, 3-8 inch thick, known as T anchors, and shall -r be well spiked to the side of Joistsg When joists rest on girders or beams, the girders or beams must be anchored to the walls with aforesaid anchors and where joins pass or ' 1-` it•k +Is# LCwEr' iY ,,;,•;s;t??:,.,.:, ? lap on such-girders or beams, they must be well spiked _-?;:, Ile- {*r?:"'Gs`}"together. Floor beams rugning parallel or nearly.parallel 'I 7,. "? p ?x = ;':R with walls must be anchored to said walls one-in every lb ,,.44 f i L.-a t ?i^,*?' "?! ? ??""?"/.."'M'^!"'^"'r`n.`r+!KFraw..rw+waw•e..•.•-.n .5 •?•.1 >.?•?•,?'3 Y?.z 2?1eF ?.• Y k 44 49 14 T r ` [T fi . i 13. '! 592 fe foot at the cross bringing; or with anchors of sufficient length to span at least throw ,foists, so that'all walls shall be anchored at least every ton foot all around the building. All exterior piers in a building shall be anchored to beams, Joists or girders as provided above. All walls between buildings or division walls shall be carried up to a height' not less than 1 foot abovo roof. SECTION 20t Bonding Courses Brick walls and piers in- cluding the backing in press brick walls and ashlar malls, AV .i .. shall have no less than one heading or bonding course for every five courses of stretches. INhon the walls are faced with pressed brick they i„ust be at loast 15 inches thick and the press or face brick must be bonded.at least every eighth course with Flemish hoaders or by cutting of the inner corners of the face brick and putting in diagonal headers or by splitting the face brick longitudinally or by metal ties. Walls insist be carried up in level course around the entire building. No soft or salmon brick alloyed in outside exposed wall; hollow tile may be used in walls of dyiellings. Eight inch walls faced with pressed brick shall be bonded as a cormnon brick wall. SECTION 21. Party Walls, incase any wall is intended as a party wall, or hnving been built as a party wall, and is in good condition and safe and proper thickness as required under these regulations fbr a party wall, then the person causing the excavation to be made shall ':at his own expense preserve such party wall from injury and support the snore by proper means, so that the said party wall s)lall be and remain safe as before the excavation was bogu.ri. In case the footings and foundations of any party walls are not in good condition, or not suitable for .the existing building and the new one, it shall'be the duty of the builder to extend such defective or insufficient footing or foundation or replace same with nc'w, footing or foundation. In case of excavation for new building going to'a greater depth than the existing party'?vall,,the, builder at his own,expenae shall underpin' CP1_ we.,'.?,?,?,?,,,.s?+?cc??3??^3?p.?x•?.t.:?,'.r•---..?,....._w....,.--emu *p.,?ec. = a . said wall., increasing the thickness four inches below .. existing wall, laid up witli hard brick. And cement niortar, " said underpinning shall center existing wall, and said builder shall pay the cost of such foundation extensions. No party walla of cement or hollow tilo will be allowed for a greater height than 2 stories., SECTION 22. Allowable loads for spread foundations. A. 1. Soft rock 10 tons. ?.0 ? . .,. i. cl,''?4?G•;'•i"..? a:?-va... ,?? °' Sri !.:. a Disintorgrated rock, 5 tons. Firm Clay, clay and gravel, 4 tons. Clay, sand, sand and clay, 3 tons. Soft clay, 1-2 tons. Artificial fill, 1-2 tons. 2. When the site may be underlaid with organic matter, and for other doubtful foundations, the Inspector of Buildings may require boring or test holes and load tests, at-the owner=s expense; however, the test settlements shall not be talzon as an indication of the probable building; settlement unless the testis copmrable in size with the proposed foundation. , 3. Foundation plans shall show the assui,ed loads as specified 1-A. 4. Before concrete footings are poured, the bearing values of the said soil shall be approved by an Inspector of Buildings. B. 1. Foundations shall be so designed that the load will be uniformly distributed, and not.in excess of the allbw- able load. Combined footings shall be so designed that the center of gravity of the footings shall coincide with the center of gravity of the loads, except in. case of lot line when the-footing shall be so steped so n.s to properly dis- tribute the load Precaution shall be taken that :footings oxi fill be protected from surface water by proper fill and drainage. F 7, 15 594 , 2. Footings shall be at least 1 foot deep and shall have a miniumun ' projection of six inches for walls on each side of j walls, and nino inches for piers. For plain concrete footings the mixtures shall be not less than ono' ? part Portland cement " 2 1-2 parts sand, 5 parts of rock, or reinforced concrete, i not weaker than 1 part cement, 2 sand and four gravel or rock, for steel grillage 1-2-4 the gravel or stone shall not aceed 21-211. All above portions by volumo. ?- SECTION 23. Pile Foundation Borings. Whon such faun- . .. ,. - •., - dations are contemplatod or required and the nature of the i sub soil is not known to the Building Inspector, borings ;?. shall be made at the expenses of the owner. Notice shall be given to the Building Inspector when such borings are to be made and full written report shall be made to the Building Inspector on completion of the borings, giving the elevation and character of the strata-found and olevation of pert manent ; waters. Drawings and specifications filed with the application for permit shall stRte the location, spacing, size apgroxi- } f s mate contemplated length, the material of piles and the load to be placed on each. SECTION. 24. Wood piles. The heads of wood piles shall ,,. be protected against splitting while being driven, and sawed off to a solid wood to receive grillage. Grillage shall be of long leaf yellow pine timber, concrete, reinforced concrete, steel beams, stone or other suitable na terial, so proportioned that in the transmission of strains from pile to pile the extreme fibre stress in the matorial of the grillage shall not be more than the safe stresses allowed. The taps of al1 wood piles and tin.ber shall be below the grillage permanent - ground water level. All steel in grillage shall be pro- tooted by concrete, not less than G inches in thickness. Wood piles driven to refusal into hard strata shall not be loaded more than twenty tons to each pile. The Inspector or Building may require the owner to make such loading tests as.,:. may be neoessary to determine tho actual safe load capacity :e of the ilea. ? •.' ',. ?? L+ 1 ?- `•'6 r M-.«•n,. +r. ?,IC^?+•3+ew.waw..:.....**vxu+rr^..c- vw.. .[ f' ?-'id',:. ?"y "'n.+"" .. .., ..-. .. .. .. -, .. ......., .. .. .. .. .,... a .t{`?` ?'•' . 3 4 9 'rt a:{1111 ?' .?"???ja, ,- '°f-. 'i; ?.1?:' ie?i ??•j. SECTION 25. Height and Thickness of Solid Brick Wallso (a) The minimum thicknoss for solid exterior bearing ,or party walls, shall be 12 inches for the uppermost, 35 feet of their height, and' ehall be increased 4- inches for each successive thirty-five (35) feet or fraction thereof measured downward except the top story extorior bearing walls•', of a building not exceeding three stories of forty feet in boight, or a wall of a one story coitanorcial or industrial building, may be 8. inches thick, provided that such 8 inches does not exceed 12 feet unsupported height, and that the roof basins are horizontal. Exterior solid brick bearing ' walls of a one or two fa,Aly dwelling may be 6 inches thick when not more than thirty feet (30) in height. When gable construction is used. for such dwellings, an-additional five (5) feet is permitted to the peak of the gable. ' (b) Where solid brick exterior bearing or party walls are stiffended at distances not greater than 12 feet apart ?.. .. }} by cross.walls or by internal or external offsets or returns, at least one foot wide by two feet deep, they may be 12 inches thick for the uppermost sixty (60) feet, measured downward from the top of the trall, and shall be increased four incl^es in thickness for each successive sixty feet or I - fraction thereof. 1 (c) 451 to 601, 3 stories, reading down 13"; 18" below,. ; Basement or collar 22". (d) 601 to 70t, 3 stories, reading down 13"; 18" to 1st floor; 22" below. (e) 70t to 801, 3 stories down to fifth floor, 13" ; 18" to 2nd floor, 22" below. ' (f) 80l to 90•', 3 stories 13"; next: 3, 18"; 2nd story 22 ins,;' 1st and basement, 2611. (g) 901 to 1002, 3 top stories 13" 7th to 4th down 18"; 4th to 2nd 22" 1st and basement 26". (h) 7.00' to 110T 3 top stories 13"; 3 noxt stories 18" 2 next 22", 26" to first floor; 30" to cellar. {i) 1101 to 1301 or 11 stories -2 top stories 13", 3 next 18" ; 4 next 22=' ; 1.'st and 2nd 30"; :cellar 34". ;,'?, ::'?a +F ri"., :"?EYtn - r: . PPM l SECTION 26. (a) Hollow the walls. Concrete building blocks with hollow spaces not exceeding 1-3 the aroa•'of tho ' .. block and having an alriulus of' uniform thickness and not exceeding J" high nor less than 811 on the boils, n.ay be' Z1- IPA 'tT a,(jj substituted for buildings of the 3rd class not exceeding three stories in height, provided the foundation walls conform to those regulations; and that the safe unit stress in blocks is within the limit elsewhere sot forth in this section, blocks shall be set in Portland cement mortar, not poorer -than 1 part all cement to three parts of sand and not more than 10 per can't hydrated line. The con?presgive strength of building blocks shall in, all cases be calculated upon the gross area' of the bedding faces. For terra cotta blocks laid with cells vertical it shall he not less than 1200 pounds 13or square inch. The allowable working.stress of hollow building blocks shall not exceed 100 lbs. for square inch of gross area for terra cotta blocks; or 75 lbs. per square inch of gross area for con.-crete blocks ..If walls be.built of blocks with cells horizontal, the allowable working stress shall not oxdeed 30 lbs. per square inch in gross area. (b) Walls, hollow tile, concrete block, or till and hollow walls of brick shall not axceod forty foot in height above the top of foundation walls. The irinimum thichness of'exterior walls of hollow the or concrete block, or tile or hollow tilall construction shall be 12 inches for the uppermost thirty-five feet of this height and at least sixteen inches for the remaining portion. The top story walls of a one story commercial or industrial building may be eight inches, provided that the roof boanls are horizontal. (c) - The exterior walls of a one or'two family dwelling may be eight inches for the uppermost twenty feet, when gable construction is usbd, for such dwellings, an additional five fodt is perinitted to the peak of the 'gable. Where walls are stiffened' at distances no,t',creator than twelve feet. by. cross walls, or by external' or internal returns at r I I , rr=i. c, .r?'rr Pte,: ?,1 ?.', ii'r•,-i-,-.`. ;'R;?}k•k PV.s .i r''?S'irrii?'=i}'•r` -his-: '?. 'z. •ti •,??t'?S tx' „?E S ¦ ¦ at'least ttiro'.feet deep, the Phichness may be 12) inches throughout. The top story for one or two family dwellings, the uppermost twenty feet rosy be eight inches as provided as above. (d) Where two or zi.ore hollow units are used to suako up the thickness of a wall, the inner and. outer course shall be V' bonded at vertical intervals not exceeding throe courses by ! ., topping at least one cell completely over a cell of the uhit below. Suitable provisions shall be made at each tier of ;t 1 • `t:• floor beams of hollow walls, or walls of hollow units to shut off the spaces above from those below, and to ensure good bearing for beams, and uniform distribution of loads. Pilaster for concentrated loads to be built of brick, rein- forced concrete, or hollow tiles, filled with concrete for entire heights. All chases for pipes over one inch must be built in. Chases cut for smaller pipes must be completely filled with cement mutter of not poorer than 1 part cement to throe parts sand. (e) The average compressive strength of hollow concrete block or concrete the used for interior bearing walls or be piers sha.l.l/notless than seven hundred pounds per square inch of cross sectional area listed as used in the wall. Piers of clay, hollow building tile or hollow eoncreto block, or concrete tile, shall be solidly filled with concrete. The unsupported heights of such piers shall not exceed ten times their least horizontal dimensions. All bearing walls having n horizontal, cross section of less than four square feet and not bonded at the aides, into associated masonry shall be considered as piers. Piers used as L.ullions and supporting no load other than their own weight, shall not be subject to the above requirements. SECTION 27. Chimney Construction. 1. Chimneys shall not rest upon or be carried by wocden floors, brackets, or beams, nor be hung from rafters. 2. Chimneys shall be'built upon concrete or masonry foundation,,:?properly proportioned to carry the weight im- .....ova!..yr}?w..w.+M»,.ww.w..? r s E is = •`? .r posed without danger of settlomnnt or cracking. 3. The walls of brick buildings may form part of a chimney, but the walls of the chimney ohall be oecurely bonded into the walls of the building and the flue shall bo lined the `•'S .• • '1'. :.i.,_ =ill , F.w?iw.r '?w7??,_i?. f75.?ry,'o-i,?2°•'?,? ??((k ?;gLt: f i i same as an independent chinmoy. 'Flues in party walls shall not extend beyond the conter of the wall, and this location shall be pormanently indicated on the exposed surface of tho wall. i 4. No wall less than 12 inches thick shall be used to support a corbeled chimney, such corbeling shall not project more than 6 inches from the face of the wall, and in all such cases the corbeling shall consist of at least 5 courses }",•,.' of brick or corbeled in the angle or 8 inch walls. :, . 5. Chimneys shall be built at least 3 feet above flat roofs and 2 feet above the ridges of peak roofs, and shall "be properly capped with terra cotta cement, or other approved material. But no such capping shall decroaso the required flue area. ... 6. All chimneys built of brick, stone, conctete block or hollow tile, except chimney having solid brick walls 8 inches thick or more, •shall be lined throughout with terra cotta : . flue lining, adjotaing flue linings in a chimney shall have ! the joints broken at leant 7 inches. The flue section shall be set in mortar, and joints struck smooth on the inside, the masonry shall be built around each section as it is placed, and all spaces between masonry and lining shall be- properly filled with mortar, no defective flue lining shall be used, linings shall start below the bottom of smoke E" intakes or form the throats of fire places and shall be continued, the entire height of the flue. . 7. Concrete for chimneys cast in place shall flow readily, be well rodded, and shall be reinforced vertically and horizontally. The walls shall be not less than 3 3-4 ?. inches thick and shall be lined with flue lining, linings may be omitted provided the walls of the ablmneys be not less -than 6 inches thick. •• to M 1 • eke i.r :y, .. i.. .PNJ• , .} fi? '•t . .........5......•.?,...-':ns......c,-,: J;3?;..w,..•;.;;,.y' 'r:'.rw?,y?;?pa?q?'''• ' 0. Concrobo black in n chirnney construction shall be not '. less than 3 3-4 i.nchos thick, and blocks enclosing more than ono flue nhall, have suitable reinforcements completely encircling tho bl.ocka and well embedded in them, ID Stono chivnnoys, unless built of sawed or dressed stone in coursas propoz-ly bonded at cornars and tied with metal anchors, aht111 trove vialls at lonst 8 inches thick. 10. Hollow building the shall not be used for the walls of Isolnted or indopendent chimneys, but may be used for chiinnoya built in connection with oxtori.or hollow the walls of buildinga, in which case the chiutney walls shall not be { ff Ions than 8 inches thick. The outer 8 inches of a building wall nny oorve as tho outside wall of a chimney buttho' roinni.ning chi.niney walla shall be constructed of two layers -'; ?'r,a) 771l.x7 ,fi: •,?,` f,. of 4 inch tile set with broken joints, or may be built of ' 4 inches of solid brickwork inoithor case the outside walls of the ckiinmey shall be securely bonded into the walls of do building. No chinineY shall be corbeled f tom a hollow •.• ,.:r Y .f '/ S ttF 'i . ;} 1 tile wall. 11. The inside area of flue linings shall not be less than 75 squaro inched for each furnace or fireplace, and 49 E.., ! squnro inches for each stove or range, when coal coke wood or oils is the fuol used. Whon gas is the .fuel unod ?. ; ina Mating furn.acei boiler, or automatic water heater, the flv.e shall be of the same size and construction as required ` ',:;J;'•1' ``' for :Moves and ranges using other fuel. Vent flues where =.: ?- '.,;=; • .. required Tor other gas burning; appliances (dor.ientie) may be ':•; . of ci smaller size, but not lesn than 10 square inches, such F, t,';` FV flues sha11 be made of fire clay or its equivalent, not less is 'f.,, E: ?•? 'll.'. '''j ' than 1 inch thick, with joints properly designed to• offect p•,.. ?`. u perinanent seal. Metal vent flues are not permitted, except when covered with three layers asbestos P per. ` 12. No chan a the ex eri.or dimensions. of chiaruieys -;t art J,, s : i ° •" t. a ;. a`?G.._.,: shall be ur$da wfthiaz a distance of 12 inches above ob k; t k'.=?.?r} ?k?4 J,Y".t :Y? f. ?.'q3 „•,?.y •ti'l7: ?1=J ? '. ." , q !t ' : `F;? •ti ? =; below the rafters or roof joists, or raked or corbeled over inhere. they. pass between f1 core. 4?? w k f. ? F' ;ts•'? T?{E$vf.` r (/'(f?}/ tu, , 'f` i'`-• fr`?'' ',i.'t'./,'?j4 dli.. f ??.. ?e ??`?',y?1'ia'• g ?i ''. .. ? ,V .. k f'''s'«.•''4?r,{3?., '.,, r'r ;. ,_ {,., ??`>?.i!`f.4t+'i v?a*•° ;.`?;#?1':'4L!52t"-Yf3VUSaZxY.•:4;y;:'ait.C.w. ! Y ?- ff?t:l.. .rv? ' E .' !k• `, i F . ' . ,,,?".1? A. '} *?•th?, , . .`.''"?-• .., < s J Yf+ a'ltiF`t+ti??.i ' .. ?'..?'......'r.'.'!tif?'wutn,yar7 v,n.ee?r?...e. ,..r4,e f` ,,?: •,.C1. .,;(.'. ?'„ ?. A i 4 4 P 21. ` Me Smoke pipe intakes to flues shall always enter the ahinuzoy through the lido, and shall consist of fire-clay or metal thimble securely set in the ehi?.ney wall with mortar, such openings shall be at least IS inches below. __ wooden lath and plaster, or other combustible coiling or open foists, unless tho surface above the pipe is protected with incozF.bustible material neither intake pipe or thimble 'y shall project into the flue. No woodwork shall be placed within six inches of the thimble, where ever possible the thimble wall shall project to the plane of the lath of any F • :I k e4 t :f furred wall covering the chimney and the plaster to made continuous over lath and brickwork, or the thimble shall be surrounded by metal lath and planter for a space of 6 inches. 14. All flues shall.bo thoroughly cleaned and left smooth on the inside. 15. No wooden beams, sills, joists, studs or rafters shall be placed within 2 inches of the outside of chimneys. No woodwork shall be placed within 4 inches of the back wall or any fire place, nails sball.not be driven into any chimney when the breast of a chimney projects more than eight inches it shall be built on the same line from the foundation, or where this is impracticable it shall be secured in such manner, as is determined by the Inspector of Buildings. SECTION 28. Hearth. Hearths, fire places, and gates shall be laid upon trimmer arches of brick or concrete, turned the full length of the 'chimney breasts or upon bars of iron supporting trimmer arch. When laid upon trin.iner arches of brick the ' kb= center 'must be removed before plastering. in no case shall nails be driven into the masonry of any flue, nor sha11 any base, flooring or roofing, nor any other woodwork be placed against any flue until it shall be well plastered externally as providedfor in these regulations. SECTION 291 ARCHES.- O..M', OPRNINGS.. Opbki.ngs over do Wm end windows, except as otherwise provided, shall have ].iritQls' of stone,, iron-, xeinrbrced coi.kcrete, or 'similar 1R.w?','t<nywRV+e+w:+rrf+:rxN:F;4tF;1'??+h:??""''°Y'?"4'?YxNStr.?a:.^tt?k'9?.,'?A',Ft'k?,3?use-ESSS-van?wtxarrw.:+e+n»+?-a-.,--.-- a ??.-,..,.,?_,,,?„ f t i I% noncombustible inatori.al, or a auffi.ciont•, arch of stone or bricle well built and keyed with maple abuts ants and skewbacks; ¢ nnchorri and tie rode ahr,ll be insortod when" abutme nt a are not sufficient in Wto judgment of the Building Inspector." Arches built in eur'vod wall and corner towers or squinshes ' i shall havo iron rode and curved plates to provont outward t ' thrust. Archon ahal.l. 'be turned over woodeh lintels, without , regard to widths, over openings in which the width of the steel in lees than the thickness of th was, jtRb% gt?p Ported fmba 11atel.a j 1intcl.a/shall be usod on the inside Rde s a1.[ rest a* ea?h Y end not lens than 4 inches on any wall and arches turned over thorn. Wall openings of more than 10 feet in width shall be supported by irori beams of girders. Cut stone or hard . r . i Brick arches finny be turned over 'any' opening over 10 feet A' r t z .:, and lean than 30 foot in width, provided they have skew , baaka of cut stone or cast iron properly secured against ' spreading, by abutments of sufficient weight and strength .. or by two wrought iron tension rods of sufficient strength. SECTION 30. Stone fronts. All lintels of stone fronts, turned over corner openings, shall be of iron or steal of the full width of the wall to be supported and shall be made safe, as above detailed. Corner openings. The walls i; of buildings over corner openings shall be sustained on brick, out stone, monolithic concrete columns, cantilever . steal beams, or iron supports, and if iron, said support :` tt shall be protected by fire proof coverings. 1 SECTION 31. Ashlor Facing. This ashlor facing shall not be counted in determining the thickness of walls. If :tone facing is used with bond courses, alternately, not loss. r` than 8 inches thick on the beds then such facia shall be counted as foraying parts of the wall and facing shall be -iS not less than 12 inches. SECTION 32. Mortar. Mortar below level of water shall ? ?. be no poorer than 1 part cement and two parts sand. Mortar for first class buildings shall, for the lower half of their height'., be no poorer than 1 part cement and 3 parts sand: ; - r?Y`?:ls3 if=ry;P> and for the upper half, 1 part cement, 2 parts lime paste, j•,.: ;}I. `;;1; ? 3.4E .. _ .. .. .. .. ....._." ., .. .. ..... .'ri:._4?r.`.`'?:;', 4 23, parts sand. For second and third class buildings, one- i fifth of bulk must be• eemont. All line shall bo thoroughly I E. f burned, of good quality and thoroughly sMcked. SECTION 33. Quality of Timbors. S:.za of Joists Distance Cypress Pine on centers Space in feet 2 x 6 16 inch 10 foot 10 feet .276 02 6 6 2 x 8 12 13 14 2 x 8 16 12 13 2 x 8- 12 15 16 2 x 10 12 19 21 3 x 8 16 14 15 2 x 10 16 17 18 3 x 10 12 19 21 3 x 10 16 17 3.9 2x12 12' 20 22 2 x 12 16 18 20 3 x 12 12 22 24 3 x 12 16 21 23 Joists for stores. 2x3.0 12 inches 14 feet 15 feet 2x1,0 16 12 13.6 Inchos 3x10 12- 15.6 in. 17 3x10 16 14 15,6 inches 2x12 12 16 18.6 inches 2x12 16 15 16.6 inches 3x12 12 19 20 3x12. 16 17 19 3x14 12 22 24 3x14 16 20 22 SECTION 34. Bearing of timbers in walls. All floor timbers and ends of beams, rafters and joists entering brick walls shall have a bearing of at least 3 1-2 inches thereon? and shall be cut on a splay of 3 inches in their depth, or the joists may be hung in iron stirrups; said stirrups to be approved by the Inspector of Building. Door and Window openings'in party walls. No door or window openings shall be placed in party walls until the written consent of the adjoining owner has been filed in the office of the Inspector of Buildings, and permit issued by Inspector of Buildings; said openings to be protected as required by the underwriters of insurance. SECTION 35. Strength of Floors. All floors shall be de- signed and constructed so as to have strength sufficient to sustain the weight to which the proposed weight of the building will subject them and floors now existent shall ?? 1?i ,l?'SCi}KS 'S.?',. ' 'fi'b w"?,'F?i1?s.«'.?{iCSps:?F':.`F+Ti;siiuTs'.+'e..`",.:y,i?'6v i`s):,sW`?F..?F?`I?LiSn"k3°43'fESYX,:<4,sri..l?ak'ru.'u.?+wsx.«c..+xr...wr;dntr•.+hstw<::.rtahir. n t W f not be loaded in exceas of the safe loads given In these A regulations, allowing an increased factor of safety for ` docrouso of strength from docay, dry rot or other causes. Rvory application for a permit shall, state for what purposo f Wit, building is degignatod to be usod,and the permit itself shall state such use and it shall be unlawful to use the } building for a purpose not mentioned in trio application and permit, unless by consent. of the Inspector of buildings, use or for othor/purposes. Floors shall be capable of sustaining per square foot of surface, imposed loads as follows: Z 4 0 Floors for dwellings 50 :tbs. Hotels, apartment houses, tenements, and boarding schools and other buildings used as dwellings 50 lbs. in the private rooms or apartments and 75 lbs. in halls, offices, dining rooms cafes or rooms for public use. Light office floors, 75lbs. except halls, lobbies,.. and other parts for eoiimon use of tenants, where it shall be i 110 lbs, Floors of ;,public buildings and stor6s for light I merchandise, 110 lbs. School room floors, 75 lbs., store floor for heavy merchandise, warehouses and mercantile buildings of title character, at least 150 lbs, for floors not included in this classification and floors subject to vibration from machinery or of drill rooms riding Schools, r otc., or those supporting moving loads, the imposing loads shall be determined by a computing engineor. SECTION 36. Roof, ' and floor tiusbers. When roof, floor and coiling timbers enter a wall from opposite sides there must be at least 4 inches of brickwork between the ends, or slate or solid bed of mortar to separate timbers. Roof timbers must be provided with wind braces, secured to the walls or ceiling; joists. Each span of joists must rest upon girders capable of cnrr=Ding the entire load without ,the assistance from stud partitions and with adequate supports, or upon brick walls. SECTION 37. Fire Stops. Fire stops must be placed in all buildings of the second and third class at each floor in all. through •vertica,l partition's formed by .faring or, studs, W",?{?S(.Y?±i'.iaw!ti+:!!??'*.!.w?'•w?w..r?s??r.7,.?way.lr'r.'i:aaic.tnww?s?'a+:.w.r. kxivre: :i.h+?...,??.-....!v?.........-. ...-.w:.a•:..,., w..w."+:asww. • t .nax,ur?K.jl:.:?YJap, won . - +, - . W f Where partition studs pass through floors the entiro spaces between the studs inuat be filled. ? Section. 38. Stair Carriages. When against the walls, stair carrages must be bracod or bridged and secured to the, vialls by wedging or plugs to prevent pulling away from tho vralls.' Headors. Each woodon header or tr. inaner carrying a floor load shrill he doubled and at Bast twice the thicknoss of the floor Joists bearing thorein, framed with• mortice or tenon or hung on approved stirrup or roused. All tail and similar beams beams/of mood shall be framed or }sung in stirrup or housed. _ SECTION 39. Rocfa. Every building or addition thereto, hereafter erected vri.thi.h the . city limits ' 3hal.l be roofed severy root o aombu1tib a tercel with noncobustible material/whiA shall ?econie .mpalro ono-fourth of its original value if within the fire limits 7-;' or one-half if without the fire limits shall be replaced by the owner with noncombustible rrterial. Scuttles. Each a roof on a building of 2 stories or over shall have a scuttle not less than 2x3 feet, with a stop ladder or flight of steps lending thereto, to be securely hinged, hooked or latched to roof. Mansard roofs. No mansard or other roof shall bu construct ., f cad more than one story in height, and such mansard roof , s? shall be battered not leas than 2 inchas for each foot in E. height:, of the mansard portion. 1i S)eMLOI3 40. Cronices. Cornices, roof anoulding, finiels i . , crestings, ornamentations and dormer window fronts on all buildings hereafter erected within the fire limits shall be made of noncoiabustible material. All cornices shall be ?'` ,' :;`' ., ' "• ,f well secured to the walls, and in all casos the walls shall be carried up to the planking of the roof, and whore the a cornice projects above the roof, the wall shall be carried ; up to tho top of the cornice. All cornices on buildings within the fire limits, when replaced shall be of noncom- bustible nw terial..' this regulation does not apply to front - f ???t:w, ?: t.f.1.4:3a'`,JY3 :1:' •i,. i ',Y .;9...: t (.'slt re°ti,7 .1rv ??`i'- -.:4:.?'?•?ri .F?'a.. .t .. ''' -- .:.:5. . hMVM, 12 door or windows or porches. .;??-nF'?# if•?'?,.?g«Y S???i}'iy r,??? ,'??"?'F•r, •:i?S' . t`? .. -- '. ., ,It .,r,',:itd ''b":°a ? csr` ;?S4ps !R" «.=?. f:i.a ,s.Y }?;='?t° -•c-. ., 'i`• r11+.. a`?, ??i':'3`' f! 3s 3l'iLy-.?r•.<t°rLif' ..L '•.5 ".. .. :?..k•Z?. LY.-.. '•: ,?s.k.. •. j•1. )??-ra'h' 26. SECTION 21. Roofs and Skylights. All new and ronuwed ? roofs in rAddition to Choir own wolrht must be designed to ` stand a pros:-3uru of twenty-five pourids par square foot nroo chid iii mrlrlitian n ivied "Assure of frr%m ter. to t"hirt E ,. r? ; t , •1 ..t '5 -'Ft' i'a..;'.. sA c. s _ it ".; nounds per square foot or aroa according to un&le of roof. A3.1 thin glass skylights shall be covered by rire netting when required. Floor timbers shall. not be out for piping or other purposes in such mannor as to reduce the strength of, the supporting parts below thnt required by tho regulations. SECTION 42. Light and Vent Shafts. In all buildings hereafter erectod or•altered, except frame buildings, all walls or partitions forming interior light or vent shafts shall be••buil.t in accordance with the requirements for :stairs and ulovator shafts in now buildings as specified. The malls of rill light and vent shafts hereafter erected shall extend not less than 3 feet above the roof 'and if of masonry, walls shall be covered with a coping. SECTION 43. Concrete and Reinforced Concr';;te•. A. Structural drawing required. before a periait will be issued for the erection of any building containing reinforced "concrete, structural plnns giving complete d.esii-rn infor:-.ation, together with typical details, sliall be submitted. The Inspector of Buildings shall have the right to require the computations to be submitted for his oxamination; and in special cases, he Lily call for the submission of two sets of the bar bonding details. B. Inspection and tests. Before concrete footings are poured tho benring values of the soil shall be approved by tha Inspector of Buildings or his assistant. In cases of apparent defective cons•truetion, the Inspector of Buildings iriny-"squire loading tests at the expense and risk of'the owner; however, tests shall'not be such as to exceed trice the ral4owable stresses specified in this code. C. Materials. Portland cement, shall conform to the standard,, specifications of the American Society of Testing i 970 Materials for Portland bament. Fine aggregate. Fine aggre- gate shall consist of 'andfree from injurious amounts of dust, lumps, soft or flaky particles, shale, alkali, organic' It j ' < t 11 matter, loam or other deleterious substances. Fine aggregate shall range in size from fine to course not less than 85 per cant passing through a No. 4 sieve. The weight of the gilt, loam, clay, eto., removed by decantation shall not exceed 5 per vent, when tested in accordance with speci- fiontioas of the American Society of Testing Mat©rials for Tentative Method of Decantation for Sand and other Fine aggregate, or wet volume of silt,-loam, clay,eto., shall not exceed 8 1-2 per cent, when sand and water are thoroughly agitated in a cylindri.oal vessel, Sand, when tested in Accordance with Standard Method of Test for 6rganio Impurities. in Sand for Concrete, of the American Society for Testing Materials, shall show a color not darker than the standard color. Coarse.Aggregate. Coarse aggregate shall consist of crushed stone, grave; or other approved inert materials with similar characteristics, or combinations thereof, having clean, hard, strong, durable, uncoated particles free from injurious amounts of soft friable, thin, elongated or laminated pieces, alkali, organic or other deleterious matter, Cinders shall not be used as aggregate in reinforced aonciqete. Coarse aggregate shall be uniformly graded from fine to coarse, not more than 10 jar cent passing a No. 4 sieve, the maximum size passing a 2 1-2 inch ripg; except that the maximum size pass through a 1 1-8 inch ring for concrete floor construction having Joists 6 inches or lees in width, or for other thin sections. Aggregate shall be so stored as to avoid the inalug7ion of foreign materials. Metal Aefngoroement. -Me-t&1--rei-nf-era ement. Metal rein- forcement shall conform to the requirements of. the Standard Specifications for Intermediate Grade Billet Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bars, of the American Society of Testing Mater- lals,_exoept that the provisions for machining deformed i ! i i {I F , i 1 i 2e. '1 607 w bars before testing shall be d:iminated. The areas of de- formed burs shall be determined by they minimum croon-section 4 thereof. Structural steel sliapea used for reinf oroements i ': Lelia, .p( 1 ???, ??lN^t'?$y.???i, •_J1 ?7 .14 j.. ?> •n' a> 1.3.1 ?,:Y ? a' i. `: it .. ?,?:a ?? ?:?•. s'• . s ,r Y4 5?'a r ? •'r ? ; , u ?d::-.?;?ti,• rat a t??`? ??' ??r:??? ? `,?? •{ ?i .-y shall conform, to the requirements of the Standard speoi- fioations for structural Stool Buildings, of the American Sooiety.for Testing Materials. Wire for concrete eein- i f oroements shall conform to the requirements of the Tentative I Specifications for Cold Drawn Steel Wire, of the American Society for Testing Materials. Expanded metal and metal ` fabrio shall be at least equal to the billet steed, bars. The inspector of Buildings may require the owner to have approved mill inspection of the reinforcement; filing reports as may be required. D. Proportioning and Mixing Concrete: Concrete shall be mixed in the proportions and with the eonsistenabs specified in the following table; and will be assumed to develop the oompreasive strength, in pounds per square inch, as'indiosted. Fine Coarse Maximum Assumed ultimate Conant Aggregate Aggregate Slump Compreddive Strength at 28 days 1 2 4 6 " 2000;.bs. per sq. ins. 1 1 3 " 2000 lbs. per sq. ins. 11 1 3 6 " 2800 lbs, per sq.- ins. 1 1 " 2500 lbso per sq* ins. 1 1 2 6 " 3000 lbs. per sq* ins. l l JL " 3000 lbs, per sq* ins. The above proportions are by volume. Coarse aggregate may be of either of the maximum sizes previously specified. The unit of measure shall be the cubic foot. Ninety-.four pounds of Portland cement, 1 bag or 1-4 barrel, shall be considered as one cubic foot. The ua thod of measurement shall be such as to secure the specified proportions in each batoh. the aggregate shall be measured separately by volume. Each concrete mixer shall be equiped with a measuring box. The oonsistancy.of the concrete shall be measured by the slump test as described in the Tentative Specifications for Worka4lity of Concrete kor Concrete Pavements, of the American Society for Testing Materials.. Care being taken to.:meaeure the slump from the top of the cone to the top i r { k a { of the slumped concrete. The maximum slump for the dif- ferent mixtures of concrete shall not be greater than that indioated in the above table. Each aonorete mixer shall bo equipped with a standard slump cone which shall be used to check the consistency, from time to time, during the progress of the work. She mixing of concrete unless otherwise author- , ized shall be done in a batch mixer of approved type which will insure a uniform distribution of the materials through- out the mass, so that the mixture is uniform in color and homogenous. The mixing of each batch shall continue not less than one minute after all the materials are in the mixer, during which time the mixer shall rotate at a peripheral speed of about 200 feet per minute. When hand mixing is authorized by the Inspector it shall be done on a water j tight platform. The cement and fine aggregate shall first be mixed dry until the whole is of a uniform color; the water and coarse aggregate shall than be added and the entire mass turned at least three times, or until a homogeneous mixture of the required consistency-is obtained. The re- tempering of concrete which has partly hardened, will not i be permitted, The use of the following mixtures will be permitted for increasing the plasticity and workability, waterproofness and acceleration of hardening of conorete. For concrete with an assumed strength of not more than 2000 pounds per square inch at 28 days a maximum admixture will be allowed of four per cent of diatomacious earth(celite); S per cent of calcium chloride; 8 per cent of kaolin or 12 per cent of hydrated solution of commercial chloride; 8 per cent of ka:blin or 12 per cant of hydrated lime. For a " stronger concrete, one-half of the above admixtures will be.permitted, Admixtures should be in addition to the required amounts of cement, and are given in percentages of the volume of the required cement. If tests are nade, the ultimate compressive strength of concrete at age of 28 days - shall be based on tests of 6 inch by 12 inch or of 8 X1161n. " inch.oylinders, made and tested in accordanoo with the , j ?• 609 I Standard Method of Making and Storing Specimens of Concrete in the Field, of the American Society for Testing Materials, also with the Tentative Method of Making Compression Tests of Concrete of the Amorican Society for Testing Materials. ` i E. Before depositing ooncrete, debris shall be removed i from the space to be occupied by the concrote, forms shall be thoroughly wetted,", or obled. Where oil is used, it shall' be applied before the reinforcement is placed. Reinforcement shall be thoroughly secured in position and approved by the Inspector. Concrete shall be handled from the mixer to the place of final deposit as rapidly as possible by methods E. which prevent the separation or loss of the ingredients. It shall be deposited in the forms as nearly as practicable in is its final, position to avoid rehandling. Forms for walls or 1 other thin sections of considerable height shall be provided j with openings, or other devices, which will permit the concrete E to be placed in a manner that will avoid accumulation of hardened concrete on the forms or metal reinforcements. Under no oircumstanaes shill concrete that has partly harden- ad be deposited in the work. When concrete is conveyed by 1 ahuting the plant shall bVof such size and design as to insure a practically continuous flow in the chute. The ` angle of the chute with the horizontal shall be such as to i allow the concrete to flow without separation _'of the `z i i%redienta. The delivery and of the chute shall be as close as possible to the paint of deposit: when-the open- . ?' • '? ,? , . " ation is intermittent, the spout shall discharge into a • '' hopper. The chute shall be thouroughly flushed with water ? F before and after each run; the water for this purpose shall be discharged outside the forms. Concrete, during and immediately after depositing, shall be thoroughly compacted by means of suitable tools* r'or thin walls or inaccessible portions of the forms, where rodding or forking is impraoti-. able, the concrete shall'be assisted into place tapping or hammering the forms opposite " the freshly deposited oonorete. i ?; :Sr?;: -hi T.q'?S:?yeA `. .1.• ! i' f. y .r ; f I The concrete shall be thoroughly worked around the-rein- foroements and into the corners of the foams. Concrete ' shall be deposited continuously and as rapidly as praoti- cable until the unit of operation is completed. The . exposed surfaces or concrete shall be protected from pre- mature drying. Before depositing now concrete on or against - i concrete which has sat, the farms shall be retightened, the surface of the set concrete shall be roughened, thoroughly cleaned of foreign matter and lsitanoe, and saturated with ; s water. The now concrete placed in contact with hardened or ; partly hardened concrete, shall contain an exoeas of cement to insure bond. To insure this excess cement at the juncture Urthe hardened and newly deposited concrete, the cleaned ' and saturated surfaces of the hardened concrete, including vertical and inclinel surfaces, shall first be slushed with a coating of neat cement grout against which the new concrete, shall be placed before the grout has attained its initial set. Water shall be removed from e=cavations before concrete is deposited unless otherwise directed by the inspector. Any flow of crater into the excavation shall be diverted through the proper aide-drains to a sump, or be removed by other approved methods which will avoid washing the freshly deposted concrete. Water vent pipes and drains shall be filled by grouting, or otherwise, after the concrete ? z , has thoroughly hardened. Where concrete is deposited under water, a method shall be used that will prevent the washing of the cement from the mixture, minimize .the formation of ' laitance and avoid the flow of water until the concrete has fully hardened. Concrete shall be placed so as to minimize E segregation of materials. Fe Forms, and Removing Forms. Forms shall be substan - tial and sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of mortar; ' they shall be properly braced or tied together, so as to maintain position and shape. shore?+ shall be on suitable wedges. if adequate foundation for shores cannot be secured , trussed supports. shall be provided. Temporary openings shall, f:hi w?F. .',id.¢. 7t' i' •,I,S.' -??•? t".,k•+F'•.' -`7ii1,.. '4'.a?' lT..i,:: _5 •tr: ,',.•. --T 32. \: -~ 611 be provided at the bass of column and wall forms and at other r points where necessary to facilitate cleaning and inspection f immediately before depositing concrete, Forms and slorex;' shall be inspected during the pouring of the concrete to J i i i li •.k • r• ' v . >F -•; .,, , :'•'. ?: •`s7:, >?' }}?4y fie" '.,F'? - ??''' .?.?'- .. } ?r.r'z,?,?-?.ri}:rc?arirc?4;?`?l•S,ii' •F?.,,'.;. ?.. ?.i?,?14e? ? ' •4?s TY4?'+??t.r?i:??: ?....?r. •:•f, I??: ,Vr; v..e}t, i r,i. insure against movement of collapse. Forma shall not be disturbed until the concrete has adequately hardened. Shoring shall not be removed until the member has acquired sufficient strength to support safely its weight and the load on it, Members subject to additional loads during construction shall be adequately shored to support both the member and the construction loads in such a manner as will protect the member from damage by the loads. This shoring not shall/be removed until the member has acquired sufficient strength to support safely its weight and the loads on it, Forms shall be removed at the builders risk, but they shall not be removed in less time than: For slabs less than 3 feet span, 3 days. For slabs more than 3 feet, less than 8 feet, 7 days. For slabs more than B feet and less than 15 feet and all beams, 15 days. For columns and walls, 3 days, '"The Inspector shall keep a record of the dates of pouring and of the removal of the forms and shores. Admixtures for accelerating the hardening of concrete shall not reduce the above times of removal of funms, except with special permission from the Inspector of Building, Go Details of Construction, Metal, reinforcement,' Rein- foreement shall be carefully formed to the dimensions in- dicated on the plans. Cold bends shall be made around a pin having a diameter, of four or more times the least dimension ,of the reinforcing bar, Reinforodment shall not be bent or straightened in a manner that will injure the material., Bars with kinks or bends not reg"red by the plans or specifications shall be straightened. Metal Reinforcements, before being positioned, shall be thoroughly cleaned of excess rust and o •'caatings .that will destro'or reduce the bond. i a, 3 fi 71 612 33. • 1 Reinforcement appr6oiably reduced in section shall be re- jected. Where there is a delay in depositing concrete, f reinforcement shall be reinspeoted, • and, when necessary, ' cleaned. Reinforcement shall be accurately positioned, and secured against displacement by using annealed wire of not less than No. 18 gauge, or suitable clips, and shall be supported by concrete, tile, metal chairs or spacers, or metal hangers. The minimum clear distance between parallel I bare,shall'be one and a half times the diameter of the bar, . but in no case shall the space between two bars be less than " t one inch. The above distance shall apply both horizontally and vertically, In slabs and beams, splices of reinforcement s a11 nof be made at points of maximum atress Splices shall provide sufficient lap to transfer the stress between bars by bond and shear; adjacent bars shall not be spliced t,, :• at the same point. Splices in columns, piers, struts, shall provide sufficient lap to transfer the stress bond. Tenn- ; perature reinforcement, which shall be provided in all ,slabs reinforced in one direction only, shall consist of bars not 4. . lose than 3-8 inch diameter spaced not more than 18 inches on conters and placed at right angles to the main reinforce- went. Where changes in the cross-section of a compression f member occur, the longitudional reinforcing-bars shall be ? f sloped for the full. length of the member, or offset in a region where lateral support is afforded. Where offsets the slope of the inclined portion from the axis of the member shall not be more than 1 in 6. When the offset is more than . . inches, loose dowels shall be used. f f Exposed reinforcing bars intended for bonding with future " extensions shall be protected from corrosion. Protective • concrete Covering. Metal reinforcement in all footings shall. 3 have a minimum protection by 3 inches concrete. At surfaces of concrete exposed to weather, the reinforcement shall be by not less than 2 inch concrete. Metal reinforcement in '' ` I i .w.. - •.}3 :,'..4 `i? ????.a•,,.:'?'??=? '}? 4.' •`n? y?"• '; "? ?¢• • z ,'1: fire resistive construction Shall' be protected by not less than . , . 63 34. } one inch of concrete in slabs and walls and not less than 1 two inches of concrete in beams and columns except that in rectangular columns with spiral reinforcements and minimum protection of 1 1-2 inches of ooncrete shall be used. For office buildings, schools, apartment houses, dwellings, flats, and tenements, lodging or boarding houses, hospital and dor- mitories the metal reinforcements shall not be placed nearer i the exposed surface than 3-4 inches in slabs and one and one-half inches in beams and columns. Joints in Concrete Construction, Joints not indicated on the plan shall be so designed and located at least to impair the strength of the structures. To prevent laitanoe in horizontal Joints, excess water shall be removed from surface forming the joint after depositing the concrete. Surfaces of contact cleaned and wetted before depositing is resumed. Where additional resistance to horizontal shear is'required, stones shall be partly embedded in such manner as to key with the adjoining conorete; or mortices or keys shall be formed in the concrete. Joints in columns shall be made at the under side of the deepest bean framing into same. Haunches and column capitals shall be considered as part of, and to act as continuous with the floor. Not less than two hours shall elapse after depositing concrete in the ? column walls before depositing in beams and slabs. Con- . , struct%ton Joints in-floors shall be located near the middle of span of slabs and beams, unless a beam intersects at this point, in which case the joint in the beam shall be offset a distance equal to trice the width of the intersecting beamv Adequate provision shall be made for the shear by the use of inclined reinforcements. Pipes in Slabs: Whore pipes•or conduits not exceeding one inch in external diameter; are placed in the floor slab, they shall-be so arranged as to not affect the strength of the concrete oonstruotddn. In solid concrete slabs they ?' ';: ?,?,:, ????;,?.. '.•= - : .shall be placed near the bottom of the slabs directly above . y , ? , ? ?. ?. : concrete thi ' n oonstructad. of a the ci?ag rode* In. slabs reinfor . r Y 350 614 f topping over metal, centers or hollow tile, pipes or con- duits shall be placed in the bottom of tho' topping. Pipes and conduits shall have not less than 3 inches horizontal clear distance between them. Where pipes or ducts, greater than one inch in external diameter, occur, Provision shall t be made in the concrete construction?to assure proper strength. t Where pipes or ducts are to be installed after the concrete work is in place, sleeves of proper sizes shell be placed before the concrete is poured; these sleeves to be so arranged as not to affect the strength of the construction. Holes shall not be cut in concrete construction without first ob- taining the aproval of the Inspector. Slabs Containing Hollow Units. Where the floor finish is integral with the topping over metal canters, hollow clay tile or gypsum blocks, such topping shall hhv a minimum thickness of 2 inches for a live load of 40 to 70 pounds per square foot; three Inches for live loads of more than 100 to 150 j pounds per square foot; three inches for live loads of more then 100 to 150 pounds per square foot, and 3 1-2 inches for live loads of more than 150 pounds per square foot. The above thickness shall. not be required where there is a flooring or rill over the topping, but in such lases the topping shall have a minimum thickness of two inches eaoept, that where the metal counters hollow clay tiles or gypsum blocks exceed 7 inches in depth, the topping shall be not less than 2 1-2 inches thick. In the above cases the topping shall have such reinforcement as may be necessary to trans- fer the loads upon it to the concrete joists. whore hollow building tile is used with concrete Joists extending in two directions at right angles to each other and the ends of the ? tiles are left open permitting concrete to enter the cells ' of the tiles, the above required topping may be omitted; the'oompressive stress in the extreme fiber of tho tiles shall not exceed that allowed for concrete with compressive c strength of 2000 pounds per square inch at 28 days. l0 k 1 t 1 1 r 1 i. 36. ' M? 615 In all calculations involving the weight of the construction, the cells of'the tiles shall be assumed to be not less than 50 per cent, filled with concrete. Shells of tilos shall not be loss than 3-4 inch thick and have outer surfacer eoored; webs shall be not less than 1-2 inch thick. In all con- struotion of metal centers, hollow clay tiles or gypsum blooka in oombination with concrete, the Joists shall, in no vase, be less than 4 inches wide. SECTION 44. Walla of Plain Concrete. Monolithic concrete construction containing not more than two-tenths of 1 per cent of reinforcement shall be classified as plain concrete, by cross section area. Materials for bearing walls and piers of plain concrete shall be mixed: I part of Portland cement. 3 parts of sand. 5 parts coarse aggregate by volume or mixture of fine and ooarse aggregate giving an equivalent strength and density. Coarse aggregate shall consist of crushed stone, grave4 or slag, 85 per cent of which is retained on a No. 4 screen and graded in size from large to small particles. Fine aggregate shall consist of sand, washed stone screenings, or other similar inert material, and shall range from fine to coarse. Plain concrete walls shall be supported at right angles to wall face of intervals not exceeding 20 times the wall thickness, such lateral supports may be cross walls, piers, or buttresses, when the limiting spacing is horizontal, or by floor when the limiting distance is vertical. Sufficient' bonding or anchorage shall be provided between the wall and supports to resist the assumed wind force acting in an outward direction. The minimum thickness of plain concrete bearing ,walls shall be 10 inches for the uppermost 35 feet of this height and shall be increased 4 inches for each successive .35 feet' or fraction thereof, measured downward from the top of-, the wall. The top story wall of a building not exceeding 37.' 616 3 stories or 40 feet in height, or the wall of a one story 3 commercial or industrial building may be 8 inches thick, provided that such 8 inches wall does not exceed 12 feet unsupported height and that the roof beams are horizontal. Exterior bearing walls of one or two family dwellings may be' y 6 inches when not more than 30 foot in height, gable o6n- z struction may be 5 feet additional height. The minimum thickness of plain concrete exterior bearing walls shall ' be 10 inches for the uppermost 70 feet of this height,, and increased 4 inobies for each successive 35 feet cw fraction thereof, measured downward from the top of the wall. ' SECTIuN 45. Structural Steel. Structural drawing required. A. Before a p ermit will be issued for the erection of any building containing structural steel cast steel, or cast iron, structural plans giving complete design information, ' together with typical details, shall be submitted. Inspector of Buildings shall have the right to require the computations to be submitted for his examinations. 1 2* for all buildings containing over hundred tons of structural steel, and when requested for smaller buildings, two complete sets cf shop details, for the structural steel, ' cast steel, cast iron, shall be submitted to the Inspector of Buildings for approval. " ? " •[ FEE Workmanship and Inspection. Be The workmanship shall conform to recognized standards ` for all buildings containing a hundred tons of structural z steel, approved field inspection must be maintained as, and no work shall be concealed until satisfactory reports have been ` Inspector of furnished the/Building. The Inspector of Building may require the owner to have approved mill and ship inspection, filing reports aw may be required. '' =r fr{'.> ' • so ' Materials. 3 ,` L ( Ii f"V.•1• ' " ' li • C. 1. Structural steel shall conform to the current l standard specifications ons of, the American Society for eeting '.'-' .rM.?i}?;M$ a ??•r. _. "taw i } J:. i e1'3?s'°` ,r.i•' `r."r.:`n, ? ` ?f , ,4.. . , , , ? 'l 2 . I i 1 , { i 38. ? 617 Materials for structural steal buildings. 2, Cast steel shall oonform to the standard apecificat4 i ! ions of tho American Society for Testing Materials for steel casting. 1 3, Cast iron shall conform to the standard speoifications i F •?: «? '?,?'r?.: ?-•''r.'?til..:y yet ',y?? 1 :rF ? IF t of the American Society for Testing Materials for grey iron ' t # casting, . Allowable Stresses for Structural Steel: All parts of t the atmature shall be so proportioned that the aura of the maximum stresses in pounds per square inch shall not exceed the following: 1. Tension. Rolled steel, on net section 18,000 except bolts, hangars roods for wood trusses on net section 13,000. 2. Compression. Rolled steel, on short lengths or where lateral deflection is prevented . . . . . . . . .180000 Y . on gross section of columns with square ends 18,000. 1 x 22 18,,60 r In which 3 is the unsupported length of the column and r " is inches. For pin and eolumna use ?S per cent of the above. ? i For the corresponding least radius or gyration of the section, i both in main compression members, t4a ratio lr shall not exceed 120 and for bracing and other seoondary members 200. open columns shall have standard lattice bars and tie plates, ? . 3. Bending, On extreme fibres of rolled shapes, and built k { E up sections, net sections if lateral deflection is prevented - 4 - - - - - - _ - _ - - .. - - - - _ --- - - - - - - - - -18,000 ' When the unsupported length 1 exceeds 15 times b, the t width of the compression flanges, the stress in pounds per t - , ' a square inch shall not exceed - - - - - - - - - - - - - 208000 U, 2,9000 b2 The laterally unsupported length of beams and girders all not exceed forty times b, the width of the compression + flange. .4. Shemin on power driven shop rivets - - - - - .12 000 t ti. . tLt r =F fi.? On turned bolts and reamed holes with a clearance of not { more than 1-50 of an inch - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10,000 On field rivets - -----------•----- 9x000 f b On un inished olts - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7,000 On the not area of the webs of beams and girders where h is the,'height between flanges in inches is not more than f 60 times t, the thickness of the web in inches - - - - 12,000 ' 1 On the net area of the webs of beams and girders if the web is not stiffened where h the. height between flanges in inches# is more than 60 times t, the thickness of the web the ? maximum shear per square inch S A shall not exceed - -18,7000 In which S s tike total shear and A is net area of a y web in square inches. 5. Bearing. On power driven shop rivets - - - - -240000 On turned bolts in reamed holes, with a clearance of not more than 1-50 inch - - - - - •- - - - - - - - - - - - 20,000 On field rivets -• -- - ---------------}8,000 ? On unfinished bolts -----------------14,000 f 1 R. Combined Stresses. ; 1• Members sub3ect to both direct and bending stresses shall be so proportioned that the greatest combined stresses shall not exceed the maximum allowable limit, 2. All members and their connections which are subject to jj reversal of stress due to the action of live loads shall be designed to suetkin the stress giving the larger section with 50 percent, of the smaller stress added to it. If the reversal of the stress is due to-the action of the wind, the ' member shall be designed for the stress giving the larger section and the connections proportioned,,for the larger stress. Beams and Girders, ' 19 Rolled beams shall be pvpportionad by a moment of in- :. ,',?.',?•- ? ?'?'??? '?`<F? ::_:° ?.. ertia of their net section and compression d preasion shall be pro- z , ,;,:: _. . 1• ::.. R -w) portioned by the e moment of y h inertia of the net section* f' ?'.?#?.4 7?E1 ?L{,,??fj xp^5.1Rj4'•.,?s': „ 1 i k r?• t 1 1 j f ? 3 1 . Y' tf! }. i.'....? PS ,. } T < - 40. 619 Q. Plate girder webs shall have a thickness of not less than 1-160 of the unsupported distance between the flanges, but in no vase less than 5-16 inch thioknessa 3. Web splices shall consist of one or more plates on each aide of the web capable of transmitting the full stress through the splice rivets. 4. Stiffeners on the webs of rolled beams and plate grinders at the ends, at points of concentrated loads and at other points where h, the clear distance between flanges is greater than 85t into the square root of 18000xA over S minus 1o in which•it is the thickness of the web. When stiffeners are required, the distance in inches between then shall not be greater than: 85t into the square root of 18000xA over S minus 1e or not greater than 6 feet. When h is greater than 60 times the thickness of the web of a plate girder, stiffeners shall be required at distances not greater than 6 feet apart. Stiffeners under over-concentrated loads shall be propor- tioned to distribute such loads into the web. Plate girders stiffeners shall generally be in pairs on one each side of the web, and shall have a close bearing against the flange angles; stiffeners over the and bearings shall be on plate fillers. The pitch of rivet in stiffeners shall not exceed 6 inehos . 5a Flange plates of all girders shall be limited in width so as not to extend more than 6 inches, or more than 12 times the thickness of thinnest plates beyond the outer row of rivets connecting them to the angles. 6a Where a direct load comes on the flange between the stiffeners, the rivets connecting the flanges to the web shall be_pnoportioned to oarry the resultant longitudinal and transverse shears. 3 4 7, 41'. .1 1 j i ' 7. Rivets oormeoting the flanges t'o tho trebs of plate { gar ders and of columns subjected to bending shall be so spaced as to carry the increment of the flange stress between the rivets. 8. When two or more rolled steel beams are used as a t girder they shall be oonnected together by bolts and separ- ators at intervals of not more than 5 feet. All beams twelve ' inches and over in depth shall have at toast two bolts to each separator. „J 9. Beams, girders, and trusses shall be securely anchored t to all supports, and where they are supported on masonry, # they shall be provided with bearing plates of such size and ' thickness that the allowable unit pressure on the masonry will not be exceeded. ,r a. Trusses. 1. Trusses shall be of such design that the stresses in each member can be calculated. All trusses shall be heldt rigidly in position by efficient systems of bracing;, struts being so placed that the maximum limit of length to least radius of gyration, as hereinbefore established is not exceeded. 2. Where members are•tmade of angles riveted through one I leg only, only that leg shall be considered in proportioning " areas. Members meeting at a joint shall have their lines of centers of gravity meet at a point, if practicable, if not, provision must be made for eccentricity. If the rivets connecting a member are not on the center of gravity lines, provision must be made for the effect of the eccentricity. No bolts shall be used in the connection of the trusses, excepting where riveting is impossible, and then the holds •.` shall be drilled or reamed and turned bolts used# with a =. clearance of not more than 1950 of an inch. 3. Gusset plates shall have a minimum thickness of 3-8 • inch if the end reaction exceeds 35,000 pounds. 4. Supports and anchorage shall be as requiregAbove for girders. „ i i "s i s s ,J 1 } > i i 1 Vw. (• µf`f min ?w a3, i:' t4 f.,5. .`:6t7 pE?,?.•i; ill S ' • ial'Yf.?. ?}1 {YK ?e}? ^l;r :` ^ ?..5 a°•?`??'•t? ??S e, '. 3 a t 42. ..--\ H. Column Bases. 1. Proper provision shall be made to distribute the oolumn loads on the proper footings and foundations. 20 All east iron, oast steel, or rolled steel slab bases for columns shall be planed for the oolum bearing, and when the bases root on steel beams or girders, the bases shall be planed both top and bottom. 3. Column bases shall be set true and level and with full, bearing on their supports. The thickness of metal of oast bases shall be not less; than ono inch; the inclination of the outer edge of ribs, with the horizontal shall be not less than 45 degrees. An adaq.,uate cooling rim shall be provided around the edge of the bottom plate. Cast steel bases shall be properly annealed. 4. Columns shall be connected to oast iron or cast steel bases, or of grillage beams and girders, with not loss than four 3-4 inch bolts. Columns, with built up steel bases or rolles steel slab bases, shall be secured to the foun- dations with not less than 7-3 inch bolts, however, when the foundations are protected with membrane water proofing, such bolts may be omitted, provided proper means are taken for safe ereotion of the columns. b. Rolles steel slabs shall have their thickness pro- portioned by the following formula: t equals P into the square root of W over 4000* t-thickness of rolled steel slabs in inches. F-rectangular projection of slab beyond column in inches. W- unit pressure on base slab, in pounds per square inch. I. Deflection. 1. In all oases provision shall be made by suitably proportioning the structural members, or otherwise to prevent danger from horizontal or vertical deflection. For beams supporting plastered ceilings, the deflection caused by the live load, only shall not exceed 1-360 of the span. 3. Eccentric Loading. Full provision shall be made for stresses caused by.aooentrio load 621 1. F I l r r L 4 f'1 K. Abutting Joints, . Compression members when faced for bearing.shall be spliced sufficiently to hold the connecting members securely in place. Other joists, whether in tension or compression, 3 shall be fully spliced. } L. Net Section, I In calculating tension members, the net section shall s be used, and in deducting the rivet holes they shall be taken 1-8 inoh greater in diameter than the nominal diameter of the rivets. Mo Riveting and Bolting, 19 All shops and field connections shall be riveted except ' as follows: (a) Where, in the opinion of the Inspector of Building, i it is impossible to obtain satisfactory power driven rivets, turned bolts may be used in reamed holes, with a clearance not over 1-150 inch, and the threads shall be--entirely outside the holes. Washers not less than 1-4 inch thick shall be used under the nuts and threads shall be burred. (b) In buildings of wall bearing design not more than three stories or forty feet in height, filed connections may } be bolted with unfinished bolts; except that connections of 9 all trusses and riveted girders and of all rolled beams over ' 16 inches in depth or over 25 feet in length shall be riveted, Connection of or to , cast iron shall be bolted. Bolts shall be long enough to extend entirely through the nuts, which shall be screwed up tightly, and threads burred, (c) Unfinished bolts may be used in field connections of frame work for small metal covered buildings and for such members as girts, door and window framing in all buildings. (d) In all cases where tensile stresses are to be resisted, ` ?. turned bolts with washers shall be used instead of rivets. 2. In tension members composed of two angles, a pltoh of 3 feet '8 inches will be allowed, in compression members • but the. ratio. Ir for each angle between rivets shall ' ;aj, ., 5 .?.?a?.:jti: e,, i' .?.'? ,..'.. , k „s 22 . 1 E i f 74 E. 71 I j 623' 44. 't be'not more than 3-4 of that for the whole member. 3. The pitch Pf rivets at the ends of built compression members shall not exceed four diameters on the rivets for a ` length equal to 1 1-2 times the maximum width of the member, but not less than 2 feet. { 4. Rivets carrying eoloulated stress, and whose grip exceeds five diameters, shall have their number Increased 1 per cent for each additional 1.10 inch in the rivet grip. 5. The minimum distance between the centers of the rivet holes shall be three diameters of the rivet. The maximum pitch in the line of compression members shall not exceed sixteen times the thickness at the thinnest outside member. 5 with a maximum of six inches. At right angles to the direct- Ion of stress distance between lines of ilivets shall not exceed thirty-two times the thickness of the thinnest outside members. The distance from the centers of rivet holes to the edge of material shall conform to standard practice. 6. Rivets after driving shall be tight, completely filling the holes, with heads concentric with the holes and in full contact with the surface. Except in special cases where countersunk flattened heads are required all rivet heads shall be hemispherical in shape and uniform size throughout the work I for the same size rivet. pp 7. Material, may be punched 1-16 inch larger than the nomi- nal diameter of the rivets, whenever the thickness of the f metal is equal to or leas than the diameter of the rivet. When the metal is thicker than the diameter of the rivet, plus I ? 1-8•inoh the holes shall be drilled or sub punched and reamed. { Drifting to enlarge unfair holes shall'..not be permitted. s ` H. Tie Rods. . sew Tie rods shall be'not less than 3-4 inch diameter, except that sag roids may be 5-8 inches in diameter. Tie rods in i = s{` floor arches shall be placed on the line of thrust of the arch. The spacings of the rods shall not in any case exceed ???=z- •'??_=' ,?.;;,: F ;';:° t ti; '?' eight timee- the depth of the beam nor 8 feet. 1- i .1 1 .W 11 1.1? .. 4 iI 4 i ¦ 4 45. 4. Minimum Thickness. No steel less-than 5.16 inch shall be used for exposed i construction nor lose than 1-4 inch for interior construction, except for linings or fillers, webs of rolled structural. beams and channels for one story shoot metal building, sky- lights of light miscellaneous steel work. t Pe Steel Pipe Columns. le Steel pipe columns shall conform to the requirements for structural steel. Details of tho bases, caps, splices and -? 3 f connections shall be subject to the approval of the Inspector of Building. 2. When the cores of steal plat columns are filled with Portland cement ooncrete, such concrete shall not be weaker j than 1-11-3 mixture. 3. When not filled with concrete steel pipe columns shall be designed in accordance with the requirements for structural steel columns. When filled with concrete, they shall be designed in accordance with the requirements for Composite Columney however, the concrete core shall not be assumed to carry more than 1-4 of the total load. 4. Steel pipe oolumns shall not be used in buildings exceeding 60 feet in height, 4e Cast Iron Columns,. j Cast iron columns shall not have smaller outside diameter or aide than 5 inches, nor shall they have an unsupported lengt greater than 70 times their least radius of gyration. The thickness of metal shall be not loss than 1-12 of the diameter or least dimension of cross section, but not less than 3-4 •) inch. When noeessarjF, the thickness shall be increased near the and so that the cord of a column below a joint shall not be larger than the core of the column above, in which case the metal shall be tapered down for a distance of not less ' ¢ ;,•.,: than 6 inches, or a joint plate may be inserted of sufficient strength to distribute the load. Wherever the core of a cast iron oolumn has shl'rted more than one-fourt)i of the thickness the :shell thickness of the metal all around shall be of : , i ........ _.. 05 j 46. d t assumed equal to the thinnest parts. i 2. Cast iron columns shall have sufficient seotional area so that the maximum stress in pounds-per square inch shall not l 3 i -fit 1. t' .. T??{"+::,'?'?,'. s,i s :}:?.?','•. exceed 900-40-1 over r, in which 1 is the unsupported length of the column and r is the corresponding least radius of gyration of the section both in inches. 3. Cast iron columns shall be machine faced at the and to a true surface, perpendicular to the axis. They shall be bolted together with at least four bolts, not less than 3-4 of an inch diameter, passing through the flanges, the bolts being of sufficient length to extend entirely through the nuts, which shall be screwed up tightly and the threads burned. 4. When cast iron columns rest on top of another, the top flanges of the lower columns shall project on all sided not leas than three inches from the outer surfaces of the column, and the shape and dimensions of the bottom flange of the upper columns shall be the same•ae those of the top flange of the lower columna. When a oblumn is placed near a lot line, the flanges on the side, toward such lot line may be omitted, if not required for bolting. Flanges shall be at least one inch in thickness when finished, and reinforced by fillets and brackets when necessary. All holes in oast iron columns shall be drilled, the diameter of the holes•shall not'exoeed that of the bolts by more than 1-16 of an inch. 5. Cast iron columns shall not be used in any case where the load is so eccentric as to cause tension in the oast irons They shall not be used for parts or the structural frame of buildings which are required to resist stress due to wind. Cast iron columns shall not be used in buildings more than 3 stories or 40 feet in height. 6. No cast iron column shall be set in place until it has passed an inspection satisfactory to the Inspector of Buildings. Wherever blow holes or imperfections are found in oast iron ooluxamos which reduce the area of the cross section at that point more than 5 per cent, such coXumins T/,, t 4 rs_.. ...k t T s 1 t • .. ? of .i ? "i<'?',?'• 5., a 3't ,? ' 47. ?. 626 .: shall be oondemed. Cast iron columns shall have four holes, not more than 3-8 inch in diametor, drilled in the shaft, and axes at right angles to each other to exhibit the thickness of the castings. R. Protection Against Corrosion. All structural metal work'shall be cleaned of all scale, dirt and rust and so thoroughly coated with one coat of approved paint before erection. Cast iron columns shall not be painted until after inspection. After erection all struct- ural work shall be painted with at least one additional coat of approved paint. All. iron or steel used in damp locations or below water level, shall be embedded in Portland cement concrete of 1-2-4 mixture, not less than 3 inches thick, to exclude the air and water. Paint may be omitted from steel surfaces embedded in concrete, s. Erection. ` 1. The framework of buildings shall, be carried up true and plumb, and temporary bracings shall be introduced wherever necessary to take care of all loads to which the structure may be subjected, including erection equipment, and the operation of sauce. Such bracing shall be left in place as long as may be required for safety. 2. As erection progresses the work shall be securely bolted up to take care of all dead loads, wind and erection stresses. Cast iron.columns shall be securely bolted in place as erected. No riveting shall be done until structure has been properly aligned. 3. See Section S. part 3 for temporary floors during erection. T. In no case will it be permitted to attach structural steel supporting mechanical device to the structural frame of ' building without a special permit being granted. Complete structural drawings must be submitted and approved by the Building Department for such work. SECTION 46. Formed Steel Joists. Formed steel 3oists 621 48. ` 1 1 shall be made of rolled sheet or strip steel, with a minimum .? thickness of 00272 inch,.whose component parts shall be securely spot welded or riveted together in sections similar 1 - to standard structural steel sections. The flange width of t 4 formed steel foists shall not exceed half of their depth, , except that flanges of joists five inches or less in depth may be three-quarters of the Joists depth. The use of splices will not be permitted. The spacing of formed steel joists shah s not exceed 24 inches center to center, and they shall be 1 .1 .; 4 :s'•ESt: , t .'4..,d'?,; ,.•z ??' )?,; _,?•.'• ?'r,'?try`°`; •LS ir'?:.SY.}? .L I._?'.??F• :,°0.1.1$ ...3 rj; bridged with tension over bridges six feet on centers, the first row of bridging to be not more than 3 feet from the ends of the joists. When formed steel joists are supported on structural steel beams, or shelf angles, they shall have a minimum bearing of 2 1-2 inches, where supported on masonry, walls, a minimum bearing of halftheir depth but not less than four inchesp and when supported by reinforced concrete beams, a minimum bearing of 2 inches in the stem of the'beam. In the latter case, consideration shall be given to the red- uction of the strength of the conobete beam in shear', Every third Joist shall be anchored to masonry walls. Framing around large openings, such as elevators or stair walls, shall be structural steel or reinforced concrete, but, steel joists maybe used around small vent shafts or similar openings Riveted or bolted connections shall not be used to transmit Mlhear. SECTION 47. Concrete and Structural Steel Buildings. In all buildings over three stories of reinforced concrete or steel, all well holes, stair walls and openings in floors shall be protected during the ereotion of such buildings by stout railings around such openings, or same to be covered with 2 inch boards and s suitable ladder shall be provided at each floor for access to floors above during construction. SECTION 48. Protection of Structural Steel. Cast Iron and Formed Steel Joists. A. Where fire resistive construction is required, structurml 1 ? I t I f i steel, cast iron, and formed steel joists shall be protected 4 l? from fire, except for,lintels not spandrel beams., having a clear. soan of less than 8 feet, and except for special structures, such as chimneys, gas holders, transmission I ? towers, ratio towers, tank supports, signs, power house, eta., when permitted by the Inspoctor of Buildings. ' H. Structural Steel, steel pipes and oast loon exterior columns in party walls shall be protected at all points with a minimum of 3 3-4 inches of stone, brick or architectural terra ootta and brick, or 3 3-4 inch of 1-2-4 Portland' Cement concrete. Structural steel, steel pipe and cast iron interior columns shall be protected at all points with a minimum of ' 3 3-4 inches of stone, brick, clay, hollow building or cored j gypsum blocks. Such protection shall be Continuous from bottom to top of columns, Gypsum blocks shall not be used in the lowest story. The extreme outer edges of lungs, brackets and similar supporting metals may project to within one inch of E ' h the outer surface of the protection. No voids between the meted and the protecting casing shall be permitted, and i e and a e a ed e the required conduits protection. When concrete is used columns shall be wrapped with No. 10 gauge wires 6 inches apart or approved equal. Wires not smalled than No. 12 gauge shall be securely wrapped around each course of tile or block covering. Brick block and tile shall be laid up in mortar not leaner than 1 1-4 cement line mortar, and gypsum block shall be laid up iri 1-3 gypsum mortar. Co Structural steel other than oolunns shall be protected at all points with a minimum of 2. inches of clay, the gypsum or 1-2-4 Portland cement concrete, except as provided in paragraphs below, and except for floor beams in flat -" ' ceiling construction where corners of beams are not exposed, :a this protection may be a minimum of 1 1-21hohes thiclF, `-° ::r :: • Concrete and gypsum protection on bottom flanges of beams shall be suitably anchored with No. 10 gauge mires 9 inches apart or approved equsel. i , i .T 1,;?c i¢a? .1P,;?a•WW?r'?S":. °1 `i`,r4.?^?: y1 '. .s. > 50• 629 D, Where there is clear ceiling height of over 20 feet In theatres and other places of assemblage requiring fire- ,resistive construction, and over fifteen foot in one-story garages, the structural steel, supporting'roof only, many be protected by a suspended ceiling of 1 inch of Portland cement or gypsum plaster on metal lath of at least No. ?4 U. So gauge, leaving a clear air space of 2 inchos between the structural steel and the runner channels, or angles supporting the lath. The ceiling hangars, channels, angles aril lathes shall be protected against corrosion, this space shall be used for no other purpose than to carry piping and flues on not less than No. 16 U. S. gauge iron, and such flues to brave two inch flanges turned outside of the fire protection material. E: Steel angle and tee roof purlins carrying clay or gypsum tile may be protected by not less than two coats of plaster. F. Where fire resistive construction is required, the top flanges of formed steel 3oists shall, be protected by a minimum of 2-inohes of concrete, on expanded ;petal lath, firmly secured to the joists and of such weight as will afford adequate reinforcement for the concrete slab, but such metal lath shall not be less than No. 16 U. 5o gauge. Such concrete shall be 1-2-4 Portland cement concrete, or may be "nailing con- crete", providel it shall be of such quality as to have a minimum compression strength of 1500 pounds per square inch at the age of twenty-eight days. When nailing screens or sleepers are used, they shall not reduce the above minimum of 2 inches of concrete over the tops of the joists where fire- resistive construction is.requi.red. Go Where fire-resistive construction is required, the bottom flanges of formed steel joists shall have a minimum of 1 1-2 inches protection, as required by paragraph above, except that when used in office buildings, schools, hotels apartments, dwellings, flats, tenements, lodging or boarding houses, hospitals or dormitories where such buildings do not exceed 85 feet.in height the ceiling may be 1 inch of Portland coo 51. cement or gypsum plaster on metal lath of at least No. 24 v.s. gauge H. Where formed steel joists are used, the air spaces s 1 between the upper slab and the ceiling must in all cases be ' ` y completely isolated from the open atmosphere. SECTION 49, Occupation of Public Space with Building Material. Persons engaged in the erection, reconstruction, or repairs of any building may occupy the public space with building material for suoh reasonable period as the Inspector of Building may determine, to be apsoified on permits issued by him. The maximum area permuted to be occupied shall not 1 extend beyond one-third of the roadway; in all cases the shake allowed for building materials is restricted laterally to- the width of the front • or fronts of the building' under construction or repair, or of the premises upon which it is erected or to be erected. When considered necessary by the Inspector of Buildings, the space allotted for materials may . extend laterally in the roadway 20 feet on each side of the lot on which the building is being erected, when consent ' has been obtained from adjoining occupants. Building materials or earth from excavations may be temporarily deposited in alleys 15 feet or more In width; to encroach not more than one-third the width of alley, not to obstruct traffic and •' subject to immediate removal when so ordered by the Building .. Inspector. No steel, iron or brick or other heavy material to be dumped on street. All brick to be stackede Lights on material. mach builder or owner occupying the roadway or sidewalk with material shall exhibit a red light at night, so placed as to warn the public of the obstruction, and to show clearly the passageway left in the road. Removed of earth and rubbish. Earth taken from excavations and rubbish taken ' from buildings must not be stored upon sidewalks, roadways, or >t= alleys, but mkst be removed from day to day. Where dry rubbish apt to produce dust, is handled, it must be kept wet or covered to prevent its being blown by the wind. Y; •f?,µRit pfl?u ?°' w?Yr• .Fi'?.?r.•.i 6k ' ? ' • . ? l fAj K/ f .. • ?./' j'. 3 i t i. . J .y i '?I t 52. SECTION 50. Exist Required. There shall be provided in every building erected inside the fire limits, for each floor area abovgkhe first floor at least two means cf aggress; d• no portion of said floor area ahall be more than 100 feet from place of egress; said means of egress shall be remote from each other, and one of them shall be an enclosed stairway ` as herebefore specified. Elevators shall not be oonsidered as a means of egress. All exits to fire escapes shall hairy a red light with "exit" painted on globe, also a card with "exit" painted thereon with at least 4 inch letters. Both the above to be placed in a conspicuous position. SECTION 51. Dumbweiters. All dumbraitars are to be lined k throughout their height to 1 foot above roof with incombustible materials and doors to be self closing. { SECTION 52. Stairways and elevator shafts. In all build- 4 ings hereafter erected or altered and used above the first floor for business purposes or for public oemblies p if of j over three stories high, the stair shafts shall be separated and continuously enclosed with noncombustible partition. Elevator shafts in all buildings hereafter erected shall be ? enclosed-in like manner; the partition to be of brick or ot7}er i fire resisting material, approved by the Building Inspector; " x hollow tile partition not less than 6 inches thick. All such partitions erected in future buildings shall be pro- teoted by fire doors with wrought iron or steel hardware and securely attached to wall or partitions; or incombustible frames anchored thereto. If glass panels be used in such doors they shall be wire glass. Interior shaft windows not `. permitted. Doors opening into stair shafts shall open in 1. ' '...: direction of exit traveled; shall be self closing and not loss 'than three feet wide. Enclosing walls for all elevator shafts shall extend at least 3 feet above the roof and at ='`+ least 3.4 of suoh shaft area shall be covered with skylight as in Section 43e •?`F:1,•JZ.txti4 Y'.s 1".? is'•,... ,;?? >? y?r; 'gyp o. • F:-}j`K':, ?'.+ N't s i sQ, 632 } When the osiling of any basement is 6 feet above the grade line f such basement shall be oanstrued as a story. When a stair- . , way, afe?ator or dumb waiter shaft extends through the roof, the skylight shall be oonstructed of non-combustible frame and sash with wind glass, and where elated with thin. glass, it shall be covered by galvanized steel wire screen, i with a mash not more than 1 inch and not smaller than No. 12 gauge. The screen shall have metal supports at least 6 inches above the skylights, or a window may be placed in the f shaft above the roof on the side fartherest removed from a property line. i' SECTION 53. Scaffolding. All scaffolds erected for use in construction, repair, alteration or removal, of buildings shall be safely supported and of sufficient width and properly secured to insure the safety of persons working :j thereon or passing under or by the same, and to prevent the } falling of any materials therefrom. All scaffolds (except ' such types of scaffolds as are specifically approved by the , . Inspector of Buildings) shall be provided with suitable guard rail or, cable. SECTION 54. Condemned material. Any and all building material condemned by the Inspector of Buildings as unfit or unsafe under these regulations for purposes Intended, shall be removed from the premises as per instructions by the Inspector of Buildings. t SECTION 55. Garage or Repair Shops. No public garage shall be located, established, or maintained outside of . the..fire limits in the City of Clearwater, without the wrilb ten consent of the owners of 75 per cent of the property within two hundred feet of the proposed establishment. No public garage Shall be maintained in any frame building. The floors of public garages shall be of noncombustible material.. All elevators and stairways shall be protected , roof by automatic firedoorgapproved for this purpose, and windows p W nearer, than ten feet to any other building shall be of. ,5<r .,s. ?'+yL,?;,1'.;k ?. ? ,51e•?',?f:?;{ -'???'. '-4, r'. ':; ' ' ' ' } ?Y .. .{ y,LKil':':.` ^' i : t. •f•` <S:° ,_ ?•F ; i"it s?s,,•.;,}G'? r,.47 ?ti.?y.r: :sl' ^?4'?"' .?? ''.i `Y" •'.?, Y",' ?hfti??yV."r-:f.Cr:ar:`;,;?sod' .?. ?: l.s,.. _• ,? $yl;7???}' ... .. Sri[ , ?}} r t, 'T tt .4 ..?..?!i4.. r. t. _ .e ." e: .. , A i r i 9 - ' i } A? 633 meted sash frames and wire glass. All storage of gasoline- shall be in an underground tank as approved by the Chief of Police and the Building Inspector and outside of buildings. • r The reservoir of motor.vehioles shall be filled directly 3 through hose from pumps coupled to permanent filling stations connected with main storage tanks. No transfer of gasoline or inflammable liquids in any garage shall be made in an open oontainer« Hasa for use in connection with filling 9 stations shall be of such design and m terial as to prevent leaking. Storage tanks for gasoline shall be carried to such points as shall be directed by the Inspector of Buildings ' Fire Chief, or Chief of Police. Top of tank shall be at least 1 1-2 feet below the surface of the ground and below the level of the lowest pipe in the building to be supplied; tanks also may be located in the building if placed 11-2 feet j. below the ,surface. Tanks shall be surrounded by soft earth z or sand well tamped, or encased in c6norete and may have test well, providod it extends to near the bottom of the tank, and top hermetically sealed and looked, except when necessary to {open. When tank is located underneath a i i building its test well shall extend above source of supply. The amount of tank storage permitted shall not exceed 500 } gallons. Tanks shall be riveted, welded, or brazed, or otherwise made tight in a workmanlike wanner, to prevent leakage, and if to be used with a pressure discharge system shall sustain a hydrostatic test at least double the press- Y ure to which the tank may be subjected. Top of tank to be securely fastened to top ring with joists similar to those ik. between rings, and shall be covered with asphaltum, or t k other runt preventing substance. Wipe connections shall. be made of flanges or reinforced metals, secured by riveting, welding or bolts to tank and made tight. All underground storage systems, containing inflamabl.e gased, shall have one inch vent pipe running from top of tank to a point ' outside the buildings acceptable to the Building Inspeotor `i ?tsi,.• .4„ :7%' ,y5°.'r. ;? '•,:';?'?t.?.z'la,'-:Sv!`•v?'1.?`5..^sA'x"c'?.rt.;r.r;:?cx,s.+..„...: •,'t s'.'; 's. I 1 s+ AI a 4 4 54, E t and shall end at least 12 feet above level of supply source, . and located remote from any fire escapes, and not more than 3 feet measured horizontally and vertically, from arW window or other opening; to terminate in a goose nook with, at its outer end, a 30x30 mash brass wire screon, or a oom- j bind vent and filling pipe, so equiped and located as to vent'the tank during the filling operation. Bo Drawing of Pipes. Drawing off pipes terminating in- k ' side of any building, shall have valves at discharge'ends. The end of the filling pipes for underground storage tanks shall be carried to an approved location outside of any 4 building, but not within five feet of an entrance door, or k } cellar opening, and shall be set in an approved metal box . I with cover; to be kept locked, and except during filling operation, to be closed with a screw cap, a 30x30 mesh r shall be placed in the supply and of the filling pipe. C. Liquids Drawn. Liquids shall be drawn from tanks by pumps so constructed as to prevent leaking or waste splashing, or by other system approved by the Inspector of 4 Buildings or to allow control of amount of discharge and I prevent leakage or discharge inside of the building, by ? any disarrangement of this system. When inside of a ' building the pump or draw-off device shall be located on the grade floor, near an entrance or other well ventilated ' place, but not between line and curb. Smoking not allowed in any public garage and signs shall be prominently die- 4 played in three or more places "NO SMOKING" in letters 4 3 inches high. Gasoline or other v6latile or inflammable liquids, shall not be allowed to run upon the floor or fall or pass-into drainage system of the premises. Self closing metal cans must be used for all wastes, oily wastes or wasted oils. No oily waste shall be allowed to remain et- f.d'4a? posed to the danger of spontaneous combustion. All garages shall be kept clean, two or more approved fire extinguishers and four or.more pails of sand must be kept convenient for quick :use in .oase of fire.//''No artificial light, except . 1 1i I 4 1 I,,) n 550 :; ?l 535,,, electric light, shall be-permitted in any public gars-so and electric work shall be inspected by the Electrical s Inapeotor• E. Strictly private garages housing not more than four, s motor driven vehicles outside the fire limits, when within ten feet of a dwelling, or within the walls of a dwelling, or where living quarters are attached or constructed, over, such garages shall be lined throughout with fire resisting materials. Openings into any part of a dwelling to be fire proof. Stairways to apartments over such garage shall be on the outside of walls of buildings. No garage of combustible ! build- material shall be located within six feet of any frame ing other than which it is a part of a duelling. No garage i shall be nearer than 3 feet of party line and bn rear of lot. SECTION 56. Dry Cleaning Establishments using Inflam-' enable Cleaning Agents. Machines using galoline or any other inflammable agent shall be enclosed in a separate room from the remainder of the establishment which 'shall be finished inside with fire resisting material. Tanks containing the cleaning agent shall be buried underground outside the building. Boilers shall be at least 10 feet from cleaning ` room. Machines used for deodorizing shall, have automatic steam connection, for combating fire inside said machines. I All doors to cleaning roan shall be self closing and lined with metal. Boiler room to be of fireproof construction. Not over one gallon of gasoline in open vessel. SECTION 57. Radio Masts and Poles. i ., A. No part of any radio equipment shall, be ereoted in or ` across any public street, avenue, highway, road, alley, or public apace, and no wire in connection with, used other or intended to be used, for radio reception shall be when ereoted, .or in course of erection, either over, on or within, ten feet of any eleotrio light or power Wire. B. No wire, mast, guy or support, for any wireless aerial shall be attached to, or strung over any fire escape, or fire ladders nor shall any radio antennae which crosses the roof' t• 4W 4W 4WD , 11 •r 56* 636. of any building be at an elevation of lean than aoven foot. Co No pole or mast guy or support, for any wireless aerial shall be placed in any soil stsok, vent pipe, or other i i plumbing appertenanae, no pole or mast •on the roof of a -building and exceeding twenty feet in height shall be erected ' w1bbout approval of the Inspector of Building, and a permit obtained thereof, showing the dimensions and proposed method of securing saxes i SECTION 58. Construction of Hotels, Apartments, Houses, Rooming Houses, and Restaurants. Relative to the construction of Hotels, apartments, rooming houses, and restaurants, said '. • regulations as authorized and adopted by the State cf Florida " in the book of rules are hereby made a part of these regu- 1 lations. SECTION 59, Protection and Restoration 6f Adjoining Property. Every portion of every structure in process of ' construction, alteration, repair or removal, and all neighbor- ing property and structures or any part thereof effected by such process or by an excavation, shall be sufficiently i supported and protected by the builder during such process. . And all necessary precautions for protection for life and limb shall be taken by said builder or his agents, who shall, within a reasonable time yithinthe tba judgment of the . a Building Inspector, restore the adjoining property and structures removed or damaged by him or them, to as good ` condition as they were immediately prior to his or their operation.' SECTION 60. House. Moving. No building shall be moved on any street or alley in the City of Clearwater without permission first obtained from the Building Inspector and approved by the City A"anager, who shall designate the route to be taken. No building shall be alloyed to stand in one ` -°• place longer than 16 hours. Sundays and holidays are excepted, reasonable diligence shall be used to keep the building moving during each working day after it is plaaed- on the atreot. t Where wires of any public servile corporation may e ;-f .lj $a?'y?!°'`t`?l?-?4ia "?yz:it' up;• ;3: -};t i .! . .. .. .. ',' - ,. .st3 1 ss "±.r V 'I • T 1 . ,.,.i.. .,.Ci [' .fir. "F ?•.i?:.?Y 570 a be interfered with or disturbed, it shall be the duty of the hougv mover to give such corporation reasonable notice of the route to be taken in order that wires may be properly { 3 protected. Due oare shall be taken, by planking or other ? t approved methods to protect the streets from danger, The i , house mover or owner or both shall mako'good any damage caused by such moving, SECTION. 61. Signs. No fixtures to be used as a sign or advertisement of any sort, shall be placed, built or hung upon or from the outer wall of any projection of any building without a permit from the Inspector of Building., Where lights of any description are to be used on a sign, or where It is proposed to illuminate same by artificial means, a permit must be obtained from the Inspector of Building, All signs projecting beyond the building line or face of building, i shall be rigid and not less than 12 feet above allays.' Drawings, showing wthods of construction, means of attach- ment, etc., must be furnished to the Inspector when so required. Awnings. All awnings over sidewalks in the fire limits must be supported by rigid metal or frame supports, approved ; by the BuilcUng Inspector and must be at least 8 feet above sidewalk. SECTION 62, Building Line, The City Planning Board shall establish a building line in the City of Clearwater. SECTION 63, Equipment and Operation of Picture Machines. i ` By the term "Picture Machine" as used in the following sections r. is ment any machine or device operated by or with the aid of electricity, calcium light, or tither illuminant, and adapted" or used to pro3eat upon a soreen or other surface pictorial 1 representations in which inflannnable films are iised. (,) From and after the passage of this Ordinances no picture machine shall be installed, maintained, operated or lioensed except In conformity with the prov*asions of this Ordinance. ;• - fe' 1 1 .,r 680 r1 . 63$ (E) Every picture machine installed or operated shall be enclosed within a booth to be not less than 6'x8' in size and 7 feet in height. (C) The frame of this booth shall be composed of angle iron not less than 1 I-2 inches by 1-4 inch property braced ' to secure rigidity, and securely united or bolted at the Joiatsi Every such booth shall be sheathed and roofed with " sheet iron of not leas than No. 20 U. S• metal gauge, or with'1-4 inch hard asbestos board securely riveted to the angle iron frAme or 2 inch of Portland cement plaster, and metal lathe may be used. Floors to be of same material as sides and roof securely fastened to iron 'frame and covered with non-conduoting material. ' (D) The entrance door into the booth shall be no larger than 2,115 feet of the same construction as the booth and so arranged as to close automatically by metal rope and weight attachment or by a spring of sufficient strength and ton- e sion to keep the door securely closed. (E) All furniture and shelving within booth shall be of iron or non-oombustible material. " (7) A ventilator of area not less than that of a 12 inch circle flanged to carry standard conductor pipe for exhausting hot air generated in operating machine, shall vent to out- side of building. :. (G) All picture machines shall be equipped with non- oombustible magazines for receiving and delivering the fitas during the operation of the machine. (H) Openings for operators view through whioh the picture o b and ted 6 inche 12 inche ll l t b th i h y jec s pr a no e arger an s s s ' shall have self closing shutters. 'i SECTION 64. Heating kurnaces and Appliances. Any wood- work, wooden lath and pastor partition within 4 feet of the ?_.:';:....:. sided or back, or six feet from the front of any heating ;.: _ •... =.• f boiler, furnace, bakery, bake oven, coffee roaster, fire f , ., , D ` ` heating candy kettle,laundry stove, or similar appliance, oti ,., .y y1 3 ... k 1 i f l 639 shall be covered with metal to a height at least 4 feet i above the floor, extending the full length of the boiler or other appliances and at least 5 Past in front. Metal ! shields shall be loosely attached, preserving an air space { behind thew; no furnace boiler, range or other heating appliances shall be placed against a wall furred with wood.. ? Open Flame Heating Devices: All, gas, gasoline, oil or charcoal, burning stoves or heating devices shall be placed on iron stands 6 inches above combustible supports unless the burners are at least 5 inches above the base with metal guard plates 4 inches below the burners. SECTION 65. Calcium Carbide. Calcium carbide shall be kept in air tight boxes, or packages in a wAtertight containers placed at least 2 feet above floor level, and no greater quantity than 100 pounds shall be kept in any one garage, except by permission in writing by the Inspector of Building or the Chief of Fire Department. Nat more than two quarts, at one time of gasoline, shall be conveyed in any pUblia• garage from one point to another in any open can, vessel or container, nor shall any gasoline be put into or taken out of any automobile at any point within thirty feet in direct line of any fire or open flame. SECTION 66. Penalties. Any person or persons, whether as principal., agent, or employee, violating any of these regulations or amendment thereof, shall, upon conviction, thereof in the Municipal Court of the City of Clearwater, be punished by a fine of not exceeding $200.00 or imprison- ment not exceeding sixty days or both, such fine or imprison- ment at the discretion of the munioipal judge, and each day of duration of such violation may be considered a soparate offense. SECTION 67. An advisory board shall be appointed by the City Manager, consisting of one architect, one structural engineer, and one builder, whose duties shall be to pass on any question arising in connection with'new material that may come onthe market and new building methods that may be vented:' :'Their' findins pu t?n a rovsl".of the City Mans ex 950, rr ? ' ? ._. .. ? .. .. ..... • ,., "• .' .1. ? .. .. ? '. • .. <, .. .. ... ,...f - .600 640 r k 'shall automatically become part of the Building Code of the City of Clearwater. j SECTION 68. All 'Ordinances or parts of Ordinances in conflict with this Ordinance are hereby repealed, and all = Ordinances, dules or legulatione not in conflict with this ordinanoe shall take etfeot on the . ? ? , passage of this Ordinance.. ,.I. FRANK. J. BuOTH, Mayor Co=isaioner. •4 I Attest: City AudLtor and Clerk. } -August 20, 1926. ° Fjz..??„??.?;r?it'isy??•°`???y=,£a;t=.iFi'?ii??ri'; • r .. `"6' :?1.•-r ?Y't^•W r1{. .SjY e',•:•+' lv: r3?l.a •"j??• , r .?? .•p} .41 ?'a ?: ? ?ri: esh h . ?? ?) i'i`'.?,•-. ?. ` '•?,' S' i . ? 's , "t : ,'%'.," eJ. -",;,;<-'.(?,'ti r2 : " S 7' i S" 'r*'+ p ?,? ?. A11[??j(J'1? ,.I'?' •5 .I.C? S3 .r Ky:•?,'}:• +`I?:.,?; {q? ? ?.. "? 1': ,!t . ? YI }}e ..f :+a .. L'• ,.f Ic',` r? . !r?,; . Sl?•; •r ! ? F ?r.rr kr ? _,6y a?i ? .'r??.?t? 1r?'r`,???r?. i.•??,i`'!'T.Sk s: ..a.e.r ? r: U+'r9'??id' °rY.d?,.aA ? ? r..?? 11,:,,?-?:.??.? fir:?. r, ?, _ _ +?•" i?`•?•?,r•';.°,'.` E k• ? !• ? fMi.r?.y .kr •p w a F . r... .v W ,.+ . ? ? ?')jl' ?.{:.. `:?r G?'? f