07/17/1991
DATE
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ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORY BOARD
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AGENDA
CITY OF CLEARWATER
ENVIRONMENT~L ADVISORY COMMITTEE
July 17, 1991; 4:00 P.M.
I.
Routine Agenda
(E. A. Committee)
. . . ..
. .
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. . . .
A. Review Minutes for Approval
B. Consider Agenda Modifications
c. other business of the Committee
II. Public Works Agenda . . . . . . .
A. Fiscal Year 199~-9l Budget Revie~
(T. H. Miller)
1.
General Summary . . .
. . . . . (T. Wilson)
(T. H. Miller)
. (T. H. Miller)
. (T. H. Miller)
2 .
Environnental/stormwater .
3.
Reclaimed Water .
B.
New Position status
c. status of RFP for Watershed Management. .(T. H. Miller)
III. Old Business . . . .
(E. A. committee)
A. storrnwater RFP: continue discussion regarding
committee's role in the overall process.
IV.
New Business .
(E. A. committee)
A. E.A.C. commission presentation in October
B. Ozone Issues and Request Staff Action. . . CR. Reuter).
(attached)
v. Future Business
A. Tree Planting Program and Landscaping enforcement.
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Minutes
ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
June 19, 1991
Members Present:
William C. Jonson, Peter Reuter, Harold
W. Hunt, Ed Mazur, Will Perry, Mike
Foley, and Sue Espey.
Also Present:
T. H. Miller, Assistant Directorj
Environmental, Douglas Robison of King
Engineering, Ray Korzeniowski, Chamber
of Commerce and Viola Wasilewski
(Recording Secretary)
Absent
Charles DeBlaker, Anne Garris
and George Davis
The meeting was called to order at 4:05 P.M. by Chairman, Mr.
Jonson, in the DRe Conference Room at the city Hall Annex on June
19, 1991. Corrections were noted to the May minutes relative to
votes on Stevenson Creek a being 5 - 4, the opposing votes were
Mr. Jonson, Mr. Foley, Mr. Reuter, and Mr. Hunt. Correction was
also made to spelling of Ann Garris' name. Motion was made to
approve the minutes by Mr. Reuter, and seconded by Mr. Hunt. The
motion carried unani~ously.
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Public Works Agenda
Mr. Miller introduced Mr. Korzeniowski, of the Clearwater Chamber
of Commerce. Mr. Miller provided the committee members with a copy
of a letter received from the Chamber of Commerce in support of the
Environmental Management Group that was addressed to Mayor Garvey
with copies to the Commission. Mr. Korzeniowski also made some
general comments about the Chamber's willingness and desire to
assist the City in this new Environmental effort.
Mr. Miller also notified the committee members of the status of the
new positions, in reference to application, testing and
evaluations.
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NEW BUSINESS
stormwater Eetention/Detention
Mr. Mazur gave a br ief explanation of why retention/ detention
ponds are necessary then introduced Mr. Robison I Director of
Environmenta1 Sciences for King Engineering who further discussed
the concepts of water quality and quality designs.
Mr. Robison presented a handout "The Hydrology of Runoff Quality
Control" to committee members. Mr. Robison gave a lengthy
presentation on the history of stormwa ter management and the
effect of urbanization when impervious areas are increased,
without stor1l\water control. stormwater is not an issue in a
natural water shed, but as areas are developed, problems occur due
to the high percentage of impervious area created. Mr. Robison
went on to e>cplain that various erosion problems will occur as
areas are developed and with the increase in velocities and volumes
of runoff, erosion is also increased. Sedinents that are carried
by stormwater runoff tend to get into the Vlaterbodies, lakes,
estuaries, bays and oceans. In addition, there are unnatural items
such as fertilizers, chemicals, etc. that further increase
pollution.
Mr. Robison e~plained how the water is treated with the use of
littoral sheLves. Slides and diagrams were presented with examples
of different ponds and retention areas in the City of Clearwater.
He pointed out several ponds that were planted and designed
properly. ffe also presented slides of ponds/retention areas that
allow sedimentation, but without biological treatment. Overall,
Mr. Robison noted that maintenance is crucial to the proper
functioning of all stormwater structures and facilities.
Mr. Robison explained the difference between wet detention and dry
, detention facilities. Dry detention systems are the most effective
method of recharging the aquifer. Mr. Robison presented slides of
different dry detention areas, stating that some areas can be used
for different functions as well, when designed properly.
There are different ways to deal with stormwater quality control.
All communities in the state of Florida and nationwide are required
to go back and look at the drainage plans and address water
quality. Mr. Robison discussed the importance of looking for ways
of treating stormwater runoff.
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A discussion ensued about the maintenance of retention ponds. Mr.
Mazur explained the evolution of retention ponds in Tampa Bay area
and that it was realized that retention ponds were needed, but it
was undecided as to who would maintain them. Presently the
regulatory agencies will not allow a retention pond to be
constructed unless soneone capable has been designated to maintain
it. Presently municipalities have been requested to take them over.
This provides more reason for some form of stormwater utility
managenent.
Dry detention areas are easy to design and
relatively ineff iciency . Wet detention areas are
design but are more efficient, and can also be more
pleasing and be incorporated into parks.
operation but
difficult to
aesthetically
Mr. Robison stated that he believes the future will see stormwater
Reuse as conservation of water will become a major issue.
Mr. Jonson inquired as to what the average maintenance cost of a
wet pond would be. Maintenance fees differ, depending on size of
pond, nowing of sides, removing sediments, chemical treatments if
required, and how it was initially installed.
Mr. Mazur informed the committee that Countryside Mall runoff
drains to a retention area north of the center. ~t has recently
been refurbished and probably consists of approximately 20 acres.
The retention area was designed for water quantity, but not
designed for water quality.
stormwater Management Plan
Mr. Miller provided a copy of city drainage basins to committee
members. Mr. Miller notified committee members that the City is in
the process of requesting bids for proposals to do a city wide
managenent plan for the City of Clearwater.
Mr. Miller presented the conmittee with historical information
regarding the growth of the state and how the state has progressed
to its present environmental status. Impacts that are due to
stormwater are not just related to flood protection and drainage
issues anymore, but are also related to wildlife habitat issues,
urban development, and water quality protection.
Mr. Miller presented committee members with legislative changes
that had occurred in 1990 that now require Clearwater to apply for
Part I and Part II NPDES Permits. Mr. Miller then proceeded to
explain each part, requirements and what the city's plan might be.
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Mr. Miller continued to explain the legislative revision of the
state water policies. The intent of these revisions was to place
the stormwater goals into state law, that established the USEPA's
priorities for NPDES as a state priority that we must now also
follow.
Plans for the upland water shed areas will be crucial to meet this
new criteria and improve water quality.
At this point, Mr. Mazur wished it to be noted that his firm is
putting together a presentation for the city of Clearwater, and if
any of the committee members thought his presence would represent
a conflict of interest in this discussion to please notify him at
anytime during the meeting. Mr. Jonson stated that he saw no
conflict with Mr. Mazur's presence.
Mr. Miller discussed the current request of proposals that
consultants were directed to look at. Mr. Miller gave the members
an overview of what will be expected of the consultants and
indicated t.hat the City is looking for a consultant that would
bring creativity in problem solving to tne city of Clearwater.
Mr. Hunt expressed interest in the cost of project. Mr. Miller
explained the procedures that the city would follow. Mr. Miller
informed the committee that the city has $375,000 (current budget
indicates $593,963) budgeted for this project. The guidelines for
completion of Part I will be completed by May 1992, and Part II by
May 1993.
Mr. Miller presented procedures on how projects are generated. The
city will request residents and businesses within basins to
identify existing problems. Primary water systeIlls will be the
major subject in the stormwater Master Plan, and this is where a
solution is designed for the problems. 1.'his will be done by
looking at technical solution, if needed to solve problems. In
conjunction with this activity, an urban ecosystem nanagement plan
to be developed, in secondary and tertiary systems to see what
improvements cou~d be done to affect water quality and water
quantity changes in the primary system as ~ell.
Mr. Miller proceeded to give further explanation as to how
priorities might be determined to achieve water quality protection
that the federa~ government is looking for. Another goal of the
plan is to have a Comprehensive Public Education Program.
Ultinately, the program hopes to solve problems by preventing
problems.
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A discussion ensued among members pertaining to the RFP requirement
that projects maintain flood flows in stream banks for the 25 year
storm and out of houses for the 100 year storm. Concerns were
expressed that this might be a more stringent design criteria than
had existed for projects to date. Mr. Miller agreed to look into
this further for the committee and report back in the future, but
did not believe this was a change in design criteria.
Mr. Jonson stated that he feels the committee should be involved in
the Watershed Management Plan as it is developed. Mr. Mazur agreed
and stated that he believes the commission will expect to get some
recommendations from the Environmental Advisory Committee. Mr.
Mazur suggested that perhaps the Environmental Advisory committee
might want to host a Watershed Townhall Meeting. Mr. Miller
suggested that once a consultant has been retained he will come
back and let the committee know what the plan would look like and
perhaps then committee members can attend public meetings as panel
member$. .
Mr. Jonson wished it to be noted that the consensus of Committee is
that they are pleased with the draft and support it.
Mr. Miller distributed to each committee member, a copy of the
Allen's Creek Watershed Management Plan as presented by pinellas
County. A short discussion followed.
FUTURE BUSINESS
Mr. Miller will present an overview of Environmental and Watershed
Management Project.
Mr. Jonson notified the committee that he would not attend the next
meeting. Mr. Hunt also would not be able to attend.
Mr. Hunt suggested that Mr. Miller present the budget to committee
members with sufficient time for members to make comments.
A meeting was scheduled for July 17, 1991 at 4:00.
Meeting adjourned at 6:25 P.M.
Respectfully submitted by viola wasilewski, Recording Secretary
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THE HYDROLOGY OF
RUNOFF QUALITY CONTROL
· DESIGN STORMS FOR DRAINAGE
SYSTEMS ARE INFREQUENT
LARGE EVENTS
· DESIGN STORMS FOR RUNOFF
WATER QUALITY CONTROL ARE
SMALL FREQUENT EVENTS
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AXIOMS FOR DESIGN OF
URBAN RUNOFF QUALITY CONTROLS
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· THE MOST EFFECTIVE RUNOFF
QUALITY CONTROLS REDUCE THE
RUNOFF PEAK AND VOLUME
· THE NEXT MOST EFFECTIVE
CONTROLS REDUCE THE RUNOFF
PEAK (
· FOR SMALL STORMS, PEAK
RUNOFF RATE SHOULD NOT
EXCEED PREDEVELOPMENT PEAK
FROM 2-YEAR STORM
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· MOST OBNOXIOUS URBAN POLLU-
TANTS CAN BE SETTLED OUT
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AXIOMS (CONT.)
· THE SINGLE MOST EFFECTIVE RUNOFF
QUALITY CONTROL IS THE MINIMIZATION OF
DIRECTLY CONNECTED IMPERVIOUS AREA
(DCIA)
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OTHER EFFECTIVE
RUNOFF QUALITY CONTROLS
SITE CONTROLS
· INFILTRATION BASINS
· INFilTRATION TRENCHES
· POROUS PAVEMENT
· SWALES
· FILTER STRIPS
CONTROLS FOR LARGER AREAS
· INFILTRATION BASINS (BE CAREFUL)
· DETENTION
-- STANDARD (4 - 6 HOURS)
-- EXTEN DED (20 - 40 HOURS)
-- WET (2 - 4- WEEKS)
· WETLANDS
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Runoff
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· EFFICIENCY: EXCELLENT (Small depressional
infiltration basins are great onsite controls)
· FUNCTION: INFILTRATES RUNOFF TO
GROUNDWATER, SOIL FILTERS POLLUTANTS
· MAINTENANCE INTENSIVE (Mowing,
upstream erosion control)
· NON-FUNCTIONAL IF PLUGGED
· SOIL MUST BE HIGHLY PERMEABLE, AND WET
SEASON WATER TABLE 3 FT. BELOW BOTTOM
· EXPERIENCE WITH UNDER-DRAINED INFIL TRA-
TION BASINS IS POOR
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SWALES AND FILTER STRIPS
AS CONTROLS
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· EFFICIENCY: LOW
· FUNCTION: SLOW RUNOFF RATE,
MINOR FILTERING AND INFILTRATION
· MAINTENANCE INTENSIVE (MOWING)
· KEEP SIDESLOPES OF SWALE SMALL
· USE IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER
CONTROLS
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Perforated riser
Outlet
· EFFICIENCY: POOR FOR DETEN110N TIMES UNDER 12 HRS.
GOOD FOR DETENTION TIMES GREAl'ER THAN
24 HOURS
· FUNCTION: SETTLE POLLUTANTS QUi; SOLUBLE
POLLUTANTS PASS THROUGH
· MAINTENANCE IS MODERATE IF PROPERLY DESIGNED
· IMPROPER DESIGN CAN MAKE FACILITIES AN EYESORE
AND A MOSQUITO-BREEDING MUDHOLE
· NEWER DESIGNS ARE INCORPORATING A SHALLOW MARSH
AROUND OUTLET. RESULT: BETTER REMOVAL
EFFICIENCY AND NO MOSQUITO NUISANCE
· REGIONAL DEiENTION FACILITIES SERVING 100 - 200 ACRES
CAN BE AESTHETICALLY DEVELOPED
RESULT: LOWER MAINTENANCE COSTS
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WET DETENTION PONDS
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· EFFICIENCY: EXCELLENT IF PROPERLY DESIGNED
CAN BE POOR IF BOTTOM GOES ANOXIC
· FUNCTION: REMOVES POLLUTANTS BY SETTLING, AND
DISSOLVED POLLUTANTS BIOCHEMICALLY
· MAINTENANCE: RELATIVELY FREE AFTER FIRST YEAR
EXCEPT FOR MAJOR CLEANOUT AT ABOUT
TEN YEARS
.. AESTHETIC DESIGN CAN MAKE POND AN ASSET TO
COMMUNITY. ADJACENT PROPERTY ACTUALLY
INCREASES IN VALUE
· EXC:::LLENT AS A REGIONAL FACILITY
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SUMMARY
· DESIGN RUNOFF QUALITY CONTROLS TO
CAPTURE SMALL STORMS
· DESIGN TO MAXIMIZE SEDIMENT REMOVAL,
AND REMOVAL OF OTHER POLLUTANTS
WILL GENERALLY BE GOOD
· l-HE MOST EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR REDUCING
URBAN RUNOFF POLLUTION IS TO
MINIMIZE DIRECTLY CONNECTED
IMPERVIOUS AREA (DCIA)
· OFF-LINE DEVICES ARE MORE EFFECTIVE
THAN ON-LINE DEVICES
· INFILTRAl-ION DEVICES ARE MOST EFFICIENT
BUT MOST DIFFICULT TO MAINTAIN
· DRY DETENTION IS EASIESTTO DESIGN AND
OPERATE, BUT EFFICIENCY CAN BE LOW,
ESPECIALLY IF IT IS ON LINE
· WET DETENTION IS MORE DIFFICULTTO \)~.(
DESIGN BUT MORE EFFIClENT THANwtf
DETENTION, AND OFTEN MORE AESTHETIC
· WITH SOME THOUGHT, URBAN RUNOFF
QUALITY CONTROLS CAN BE AESTHETICALLY
INTEGRATED INTO DEVELOPMENT PLANS
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Chapter 1: Impacts of Urban Runoff
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Figure 1. 1: Cnanges in Watershed Hydrology as a Result of Urbanization
a. Water Ba&.nee
Canopy
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Elltculive Commillce
Robert A. BUlWolI
P'lIsidrml
Kennelh G. HamihCln
PlflSidllnr.EJo.ct
Daniel M. Andriso
VP BU$/n"ss Developmenr
BrucD M. Baldwin
VP Economic D9vI/Iopmenl
Phil M. HClOdorson
VP Tourism
David A. Timmons
VP Ml1mbersMp
Ann M. Wilkins
VP Govllmmllnrnl Affairs
R. Carllon Ward
Trusu"r
David P. Siano
Immodiale Pasl Prflsidllnl
Julius J. Zschau
Leg~ Counsel
Peler Woodham
Executive V"A:e PrBsidsml
Board or Directors
Loo E. Arnold. Jr.
Alan C. Bomuoin
Tlmolhy A. Bouchard
Frank A. Brock. III
Reboo::a A. Buffaloe
Robort W. Byrd
Harry S. Cline
L Darrllll Cook
BlIrnadehe K Craig
Dennis E. Eckol
David D. Everel!
Michael W. Fields
Slllphon R. Fowlor
Herbllrt S. Freitag
T. James Graham
Douglas A. Graska
William M. Hargett
Duanll T. Houtz
E,e. Polo Jonos
Nicholas G. Koray
Roland S. Konnedy
John T. Krnsas
Richard C. lokan
Garry R. lubi
Ed'Nard M:uur,Jr.
J. H. MeCurtain. Jr.
Michele R. MillAr
Oavid C. Rijos
Jack E. Russell. Jr.
Talmadge RUlledgll
John A. Schaefer
Oon L Sealon
P arkllr J. Stafford
James W. Stewart
Julie F. Tiornan
John H. Williams, III
Robert F. Zogby
.
ACCREDITED
CHAMII" 01' COMIiIllCI
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0' 'M' U""'IO ,r."t
G~EATER CLEAf-\W ATER
CHAMBE~ OF COMlv\ERCE
128 N. OSCEOLA ^ VE. P.O. DOX 2457, ClIAI\WATIP-. Fl ~4617' 01 ~/46 1 -00 11 . FAX 61~/449.2889
May 28, 1991
Mayor Rita Garvey
city of Clearwater
P.O. Box 4748
Clearwater, FL 34618-4748
Dear Mayor Garvey:
The Clearwater business community recognizes how critical it is
for us to do what we can to protect our environment. For that
reason, the Board of Directors adopt~d the enclosed position
paper supporting the City of Clearwater's Environmental
Management Group (EMG).
We feel that we can assist the EMG in a variety of ways. Both
the chamber and the city will benefit from this working
relationship. The true benefactor, though, will be our naturul
environment.
Sincerely,
UI\~W;QL~
Ann Wilkins
vice President
Governmental Affairs
cc: commissioner Sue Berfield
Commissioner Richard Fitzgerald
Commissioner Bill Nunamaker
Commissioner Lee Regulski
City Manager Mike Wright
Public Works Dir. Bill Baker
Public Works/Env. Asst. Dir. Thomas Miller
Ed Mazur, King Engineering
,
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enclosure
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GREATER CLEARWATER CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
POS rrrION PAPER
Crl'Y o Ii' CLEl\HWNl'ER ENVIRONMENTl\.L Nl\NAGEMEWl' GROUP
BACKGROUND
There have been many factors responsible for the City of
Clearwater instituting an environnental management program.
Foremost was the city's desire in 1987 to reorganize the
environmental functioll to (1) Ensure continued environmental
protection for the city, and (2) To enhance the eff~ctiveness
of environmental review to provide an improved environmental
level of serv ice to the c i ti zens of Clearwa.tel:.
Further restructuring was necessary due to the significant
changes to local, state and federal environmental regulations
which required an even greater environmental service be
provided by local government. Legislative changes in the areas
of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination, watershed
management, stormwater protection (SWIM, state Water Policy),
and land/growth manClgcIlIent (comp:-ehensive plonninq) provided
addition-al incentives for the cit}' to redefine:! it's
environmental management program.
ANALYSIS
The Environmental Management Group has been organized to
address four key areas:. (1) Environmental Administration,
Policy Development and Education, (2) Environmental Regulation,
(3) Watershed Management and Water Quality Assessment, and (4)
Environmental Permit Acquisition & Materials, Waste Management.
,.
The development, implementation, management and enforcement of
the above mentioned programs will affect the general business
community in a variety of ways, some of which will be stricter
guidelines/regulations, stringent reviews and increased
monetary responsibilities. In add~tion to the Public Works
Department, other city departments will be impacted by the
environmental program and it's implementation. The ne~
endeavor will require additional funding from the city budget
to pay for new staff and other operating-related expenses. The
initiation of certain programs will hopefully result in state
and(or federal grant monies to help alleviate city financial
constraints.
POSITION
The Board of Directors wholeheartedly SUPPORTS the goals and
objectives of the city's Environmental Management Group_ It is
imperative that we as the business community strive to protect
and enhance ou~ natu~al environmen~. The chamber will be a
leading advocate in promoting and encouraging sound
environmen~al practises among ou~ rnembe~5 ~C~ ~he pu~pass -_.
,~ n :12 n c .:; 1 S :::n.': :- '..: :::- ::. c T. :.- e set.: :- ::: E: S .
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The Board of Directors would encourage and challenge the
Environmental Management Group to work closely with the chamber
in the areas of education'and communication. Having un
understanding of the various programs, how they a~c implemented
and how they will impact indivual businesses and our co~munity,
will be crucial in how effective we as a chamber can be in
educating Clearwater businesses on the values and policies of
implementing a citywide environmental program.
PASSED AND ADOPTED THIS 2Jrd DAY OF M^Y 1991
/;
Grea ter C ~e<;1rv7~ t r Chamber
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By: ' I ' I '
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,lIt-obert IL BUl"\oJell
.' Pres ident
of Commerce
Attest:
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Pete Woodham
Executive Vice President
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ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Meeting Date:
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Attendees:
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To: 'I'HJJam J(lhn,Svl1\ CIlCii}'/lUUI CIne! 1I11..nll)(#l's (If lIlt..' CJf'L1l'\,,,tlL'I' EAC
F l' on1 : r e t e J' N, n l'" 1I t t= /'
4.q(-h~(>S
He:' New bllsjl)l'~~ ""fn\ jelfls" 1'01' I~^C fl1f:,:'t iJIg: MitY :J'1. 1 !J~J
1. R e <J U E' S t s l <:\ f f t <<.' I' (' P () I' t
malce ti'f.'aled ~r\l,'f-'l' ",'~I('I'
elluI'coal and/or ,..thel'
nJ~lll, mag/leLlc:>, t.: I c, \~.
d n d )' e pOI' t toE ^ r. ;1 t III r~
(I 11 [e <.1 ::: i L 111 l y and en m P ;Jl' ,J li " e
!; ;J r f' f 0 }' II 1 jJll Hilt' () 11 ,r; \l m r 1 j (r 11
(' i It ('J' S , )' L' " 1'.' )' S e (, s m (),S i ~, (I Z (I n to'
tht! c.:osl of tn:atill.l!; In'iH.:li.isll
,Ill /1': m (::' t' till g ,
C; (I .<; t l (I
by :;; il.llcJ,
trt~(Jt-
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2. Request staff If' Slll'\'L'~' C](!LlI~watL'I' e:iljzC:115 [(I delt~l-l11illl: tilt:'
pC!l'cent rlll'chasiIlg theil' urinklll,g widel' In bottl(.s and (h, n(ll
use c1t~. will'-:I' illl('J'fl,,J]~', PCl'Ct:111 IIj cily v'1Ilt", utiljzed
intenlzdly dlHI "C"pnl'l tl' LAC..l( the JU1H l1ief,tlll~,
" H E:!qu est S1ClfJ I (/ J 11 \' (' ,c; t j ,E', ,I I ( , utj}jl'ing ~,p'.;a.~f' I I' ( . ,11m f:> n 1 J> Jell! t
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~a.$ t l) P I' (l d II C (' '. 1 (' c t ,. j l: J l y j II .c; t f: it d (i f /1111'11 JII~. i I I'hilrl., f' ,\ ,
has dOllP i 1 :; i II ce' 1 ~r;. ~ . H (~ /> (J " t 10 [,\C " t llll' JUIl\' nJl'l'till.l':.
4. R0'1Ut'"sl
dl'inlting
c 1110 l'i n (.
the com ~ ;U' i ti r (~ r: << , .;; t II t I' .:. <:<, ~
P II (11 \I,';d C' r 1\ jIlt ( I i' (I Ill' ills t 1_' (I q 1.1 I
lhe .J\H1E- mCt:till:;.
s t it f f t (. ill Y L' S t i gat f.~
lI'8lel' and ~.I';im/ll~/l~
Ii n cI I' ';'1"' (l l' t l '. I E'\ C n t
5 . R e q u € S t s l Ci J f I II
pipe effluen ls
report to EAC ;:Jl
in v est if. a t. e III (~ com r ~ l' j t j v ceo s t tot rea t sew C: I"
1I' i t h (I Z I) n e i 1\ S tea d (of h Y d I' (I g e n per 0 x ideo an cI
thE' ~lllnE' meeting.
6. "Don't Bag Il" - RequJ?st City (d Clehl'lq.'.L,.:-r LCI actively sUPPol'l
aOld pl'Onlote AgricultuJ'ill Ext l'nsion Services effort to convil1ct.!
hOOleOWl1t:l'S lo leave ~1'C:iSS c:lippinF,.c; 1;,:' (In lc.\I.'lJ tt" dE-c(,mpose and
f E' e d t 11 e g r a $ oS. 1 ~ t! g p; P.::;1 11.$ i n h n (I c h ern i c a 1 san d 5 e e din g 1 a W 11
l\' i t 11 ear t h W 0 r rn .s l (I 0 S .s i s t m i c r (I - (I J' F. ani s m s d ~ C I) m p (l 5 r? g r ass c 1 j F' -
pings, lea.\'l~s and twig.:; into ff~}'tili7.f::'r :!'Ol' lh<:; gl'dSS,
7. Mass tt'Cinsil is an f~n'\,.il.(lnnlt?rtl;il i~::-:lte beca.usE:, rtnp c:a}~ dl"'iven
to :1rHl J'I'OlJ1 \1.1.]'1, fr,l':; ;,,:';:':' rl'(ldll(":':~:~) I.'\ll!nd.c; IIj hydl'(.Ic<.:.rh(lJl::~,
63 pUUI1c1s (If ciJ.rbo!1 m(l!JlI...~id',:,.,: pnund:: ni~I'II~,' II oxid..:::. and 1
1'(Jund (Ii' pal.Ucu];.des; (I);;t;; pubUslw h~' Tht. ArnC:l'ic;ill Puldie:
Transit Assoc.) PSTA nE'l:'cis '-I major I:'xpansiol1 tCI serv~ majell'
l'u~ds that pl'e-sently arc llIHIf:'l~-Sel~Vf'.:'d. EX;ullp}e 111meJ'ton Hd.
has 6,000 cars per peak hOU1~ and has no lhrl)u~h bus service. Tv
rart1CilJy l'e)jp\'t' congestion bus service should be eV(~J'Y 10
minvt'l '.Ill Ulmel'lon tI. dCI""ntowl\ Tampa.
co.. Fl'~qu(~nt :;t:I'vjrl' 1." necessal';: t,. nl(lti\'atr.:' l'Ommutcl'S tl) U~('
c. bus to and it"om l"II~';.:, Fr('s('ntly fllt.st PST..'." l'l..lul~$ <tl'~ huul'l~'
i1IlU ul..!,SiKnf:d to .<:;E;"I'Vf:, lIlt.' lI(1n-drivel' and IlCtl\dicRpppd,
b, PI'eselltly PSTA plal)S Lo increase it.'i 1~r; fl(-~t (If 40 bargE'
bU.sF:~ h~: 10 hu.sr'~. l"'r ~''';.'l'. Thi~ i.s j (. Shill ct race- ~(, ef:ici
('rlll~,' utili?':' th... '~-:~c Sh81"e (If npE'rCJ.lin~ C'lq:;t paid b\' la:q_")i'f~'f':-'s,
M 7" I' e .c; f:::t I' c /J j Il(! ; :.. ;1 1 r- s P ~ ~'t \ 1\ .:- I:' d .s :. n b t! ,<;":: 1 r l .S (- ~' " .:. ! h t . II r I rl " !
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HOUOJ1 ,';(:lId the: i,:t('clJr.'( iJl'('I'(I.~,t~d
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