04/25/1994 - Special
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NOTICE
CITY OF CLEARWATER
PUBLIC HEARING
REGARDING DUNEDIN PASS
hearing relating to the opening of Dunedin Pass will be
6:00 p.m. on April 25, 1994, in the city commission
Chambers at the Clearwater City Hall, 112 South Osceola Avenue,
Clearwater, Florida.
Coastal Technology, Inc., the City' s consulting engineers, has
completed the first data gathering phase of the proposed project
and will present to the City commission and the public the results
of their findings.
Interested parties are invited to attend the meeting and express
themselves concerning the project.
city of Clearwater
P.o. Box 4748
Clearwater, FL 34618-4748
cynthia E. Goudeau, CMC
City Clerk
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City Of Clea~water, OW 'cl:e:r~":.;};~
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{;'~~::~iPiaa8e be advi sed tha~ I strm'lgly supp~;rt' the opening of Dune~i~'i~'::1:.'
p;,a,as;. andfeett.hat 1 t. Will enhance the estuarY' habitat in Cleat'W'ate
~,~)\;and be an asset to. the: 'enti.re~'comrnunitysurroun~ing theBay~
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':';J~lea.. oall (813) 447-2201
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LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS <3)
NORTH PINELLAS COUNTY
DATE:
April 25, l494
TO:
Clearwater City Commission
FROM:
League of Women Voters/ North Pinellas County
RE:
Uunedin Pas s
Since 19~8 when the County proposed dredGing Dunedin Pass
both Pinellas Leagues of Women Voters have opposed the
project for the following reasons:
Legal ObJections - It does not meet the criteria in F.s.
403.918 for granting permits. It is inconsistent with the
Coastal ~one Management ~lement of the Clearwater Compre-
hensive Plan and the ~ampa Bay Regional Policy Plan. New
legislation in 1992 states, "The artificial creation of
new inlets or flushing outlets is prohibited." (Chapter
l6B-41. 13 F.S.)
Environmental Issues - The pass,which closed naturally,
Is in the Aquatic Preserve where marine vegetation and
wildlife habitat meritl special protection. A flourish-
ing biological community has developed and Clearwater
Beach has widened since the pass closert.
financial Problems - Now that Coastal fechnology has pro-
vided cost estimates we ca,n address this aspect. The costs
for the least expensive options are mere than two million
dollars not includingthe permit expense or maintenance
dredging \'-J11i ch \'1ill be needed.
. The Florida League of ~o~en Voters after a year-long study
of coastal issues concluded: "v'vise coastal management poli.'
cies recognize the natural shift of the coastline. ~pend-
ing millions to turn back the tide will not preserve or
protect florida's beaches for future generations." The study
also adamantly opposed "sca"\ialls, breal\waters, groins, and
jetties that obstr1lct the natural sandrift." The structures
proposed by Coastal Technology are the largest part of the
cost ranging from $6.4 to $1.35 million.
Opening Uunedin Pass is not in
number of residents should not
fits a few boat owners.
t~~~t (1 ~\"l'-f3 V'v'~t-t{\.
}.'lary r\n1 ;Jm~ t/1, P reSl dent
the public interest. J\ large
pay for a project that bene-
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, Let. 'L (),UL 1 i_,~-().. cL(.:l...,~L;. }
j\largerY' Cridland" Chair
Natural i{esources Com.
P,O, BOX 6725 · CLEARWATER, FLORIDA 34618 · 813-447-1564
10l}',', RECYCLED PAPER
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· RESCUE
· REPAIR
· RECUPERATION
o RELEASE
SUNCOAST
SEABIR.D
SANCTUJ\RY
~
18328 GULF BOULEVARD
INDIAN SHORES
FLORIDA 34635
(813) 391-6211
FAX (813) 399-2923
April 22, 1994
Dear Public Officials:
I am writing you in reference to the Dunedin Pass dredging project.
I am completely opposed to this action. Dunedin Pass is a fertile,
productive habitat for thousands of resident and migratory birds.
The sandbridge of the closed pass, and the extensive mud and sand
flats all provide important habitat for shore and wading birds in
Pinellas County. This quiet, undisturbed area has been attracting
greater numbers of birds each year, and in essence it serves as a
protected refuge for them. The birds rely on this area for
breeding, nesting, and feeding. Much of this habitat has already
been lost, and what little remains is fast disappearing in both the
county and the state.
Dredging and cutting a new pass through this environmentally
sensi tive area would destroy both the sandbridge, and the extensive
mud and sand flats, thereby causing untold damage to the
populations of birds already stressed in this age of rapid
development. The truth is these birds have nowhere else to go. The
entire Dunedin Pass ecosystem would suffer long-term and
irreparable damage as well as large areas of coastline far away
from the Dunedin si tee The effects of continuous maintenance
dredging is silting. This churned and muddy water would disturb
Gulf shorelines up and down the coast for miles, thus affecting
marine life, bird populations, and tourism. How many tourists dream
of swimming in muddy brown water? Finally, I wonder if the
residents along the bay have considered the fact that opening up
the pass would subject their homes to potentially greater hurricane
and storm damage.
You may well ask why such a destructive action would even be
considered. The answer to this question is so trivial that one
wonders why anyone would even take such a request seriously. The
reason Dunedin Pass is threatened is because WEALTHY AND
INFLUENTIAL INDIVIDUALS WITH LARGE MOTOR YACHTS AND SAILBOATS ARE
TOO LAZY TO TRAVEL A SHORT DISTANCE THROUGH THE INTERCOSTAL TO THE
CLEARWATER PASS! That's right. Our irreplaceable wildlife is
threatened for miles up and down the coast because of just a few
selfish people. Don't let this atroci ty happen. You can make a
difference.
Sincerely,
O:~ ~l
Ralph T. Heath
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CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT
FOR '- ~~f!l:
REOPENING DUNEDIN PASS
FOR
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THE
CITY OF CLEARWATER
By:
~ COASTAL TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
January 17, 1994
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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\ :
SUBJECf
PAGE
II'i
L
Executive Summary
............. .... .......... .... ... .... ... .....
Jllli
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CHAPTER 1: Introduction
Authorization ................................................ 1-1
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I'H
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Scope ...................................................... 1-1
Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
"'1
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CHAPTER 2: Public Interest Assessment
r1J
I
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General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
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Public Access and Navigation .................................... 2-2
Public Safety and Welfare ....................................... 2-7
Public Land Management ....................................... 2-8
CHAPTER 3: Alternatives
Water Quality ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Avifaunal (Bird) Use of Dunedin Pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Habitat Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Design Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
"Sbble" Chann.el .............................................. 3-2
;tiJ
~
Maximum Historical Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Reopen the Closed Pass ........................................ 3-4
Previously Proposed Location (Pinellas County, 1990) . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . 3-6
;
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,.
Adjacent Beaches ............................................. 3-7
Erosion "Hot Spots" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Ebb Shoal ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
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Jetties ..................................................... 3-10
jl'
Weir and Deposition Basin ..................................... 3-10
Channel Revetments and a Sand Trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
i
~
CHAPTER 4: AgencyIPublic Comments
r '
CHAPTER 5: Recommendations
CHAPTER 6: References
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1.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4a
3.4b
3.5a
3.5b
LIST OF FIGURES
Regional Map
Regional Map
Dunedin Area Marinas
Water Quality Sampling
Seagrass Coverage
November 1993 Regional Aerial Photo
Maximum Limits Historical Pass/Previously Proposed Location
Reopen the Pass Alternative . . . . .
Adjacent Beach Dredge Disposal
Jetty and Weir Section - Plan View
Proposed North Jetty and Weir Section Construction -
Typical Cross-Sections ...........
Channel Revetments and Sand Trap
Channel Revetments and Sand Trap
1-2
2-3
2-4
2-10
2-18
2-19
3-3
3-5
3-8
3-11
.....
Plan View
Cross-Section
.^ .
'"
TABLE OF CONTENTS
r~-"
SUBJEcr
PAGE
f"'_#'
Executive Summary
... .... ........................... ......... ...
r-"
CHAPTER 1: Introduction
\. .-
Authorization ................................................ I-I'
,:.~ ,
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Scope ........................................................ 1-1
Background . . . _ . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
,..~ ...
I
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CHAPTER 2: Public Interest Assessment
pr'",:
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h...
General . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. 2-1
~.
Public Access and Navigation .................................... 2-2
Public Safety and Welfare .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Public Land Management ....................................... 2-8
.
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Water Qualit:y' ........ . .. . . . .. .. . . . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . . .. . . . .. .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. .. 2-9
tb~t
~,
Avifaunal (Bird) Use of Dunedin Pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Habitat Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
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CHAPTER 3: Alternatives
General . . .. . . . .. . . . _ . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . 3-1
Design Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
"Stable" Channel ..................................................... 3-2
Maximum Historical Pass . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . 3-2
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Reopen the Closed Pass ........................................ 3-4
Previously Proposed Location (Pinellas County, 1990) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
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Adjacent Beaches ..................................................... 3-7
Erosion "Hot Spots" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Ebb Shoal ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 3-7
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Jetties ............................................................. 3-10
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Channel Revetments and a Sand Trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
CHAPTER 4: AgencyfPublic Comments
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CHAPTER 5: Recommendations
CHAPTER 6: References
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APPENDIX A - Elements RequiredUnder.:Ch~~ter':'16B;41~()()8 (l)'(m};:;;;:W
,APPENDIX B - Water Quality and Sediment Sampling by CH2MHill'\~;,')~i:;
APPENDIX C - AvifaunaI Study by Biological Research Associates'~..,~.:!':,i.;;
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; APPENDIX D - Sieve Analysis Results
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Regional Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'. .. .. ..~ ; . .'. ."~ ' . '. . . . . . . . 2-3
Dunedin Area Marinas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . .'. . . . . 2-4
Water Quality Sampling .............................. 2-10
Seagrass Coverage ..................... '. . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-18
November 1993 Regional Aerial Photo .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-19
Maximum Umits Historical PassIPreviously Proposed Location . . 3-3
Reopen the Pass Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Adjacent Beach Dredge Disposal ........................ 3-8
Jetty and Weir Section - Plan View ..................... 3-11"
Proposed North Jetty and Weir Section Construction -
Typical Cross-Sections ....................... ~ . . .. . . .
Channel Revetments and Sand Trap - Plan View .. ..,;.'~.... . '..; .
Channel Revetments and Sand Trap - Cross-Section " .<' .. ~. ; ,.
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;fbspectiveRecreational Boating within the Stud}/AreaI'.,\C?~;(";:.,,~: .."..2~5
, . ," "2.2 : :c "/Prospective Benefitted Boats .................... /. . ~'. .' ~.. . . . 2..S
,2.3:"':"l.ocal Marina Interviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2~6
,:;2.4 Bridge Opening Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2':'7.
25 Dollar or Fuel Savings Per Opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2~8, .
2.6 Comparison of Water Quality Data .......................... 2-11
2.7 Water Quality Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-12
2.8 Bird Use (FGFWFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-14
, 2.9 Historic and Current Avifaunal Use of Dunedin Pass ............. 2-15'
, " 3.1 Design Vessel Dimensions ........
3.2 Alternatives Summary Table
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1. INTRODUCTION
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Authorization: This report is authorized by an agreement dated October 11, 1993
between the City of Clearwater and Coastal Technology Corporation.
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Purpose: Dunedin Pass was closed to navigation in 1979 and fully closed in 1988.
The City of Clearwater has determined that it is desirable to reopen Dunedin Pass.
The purpose of this report is to present results of data collection and analysis
relative to documentation of historical Dunedin Pass and relative to benefits and
costs associated with reopening Dunedin Pass. This report provides a basis for
conceptual evaluation of a reopened Dunedin Pass towards discussion with City staff
and regulatory agencies in a pre-application conference and towards formulation of
recommendations for reopening Dunedin Pass. Following the pre-application
conference and subsequent public input relative to local needs and objectives, the
report will be completed and include recommendations to the City of Clearwater.
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Scope: An assessment of public benefits and costs, and demonstration of necessity
and net public benefit, are critical to obtainment of the permits and easements
needed to reopen Dunedin Pass. Chapter 2 addresses a Public Interest Assessment.
Specifically, public benefits are addressed; costs will be added to Chapter 2 upon
identification of a recommended plan. Costs are qualitatively addressed in
Chapter 3 - which addresses alternatives.
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The maximum extent of the historical pass is identified as a possible range for the
location of the pass in Chapter 3. Two alternative locations for a minimum channel
are also presented. Alternative locations are presented for disposal of dredge
material and possible mitigation of future beach impacts that may be attributable to
a reopened pass. Structural alternatives for stabilizing the pass are also presented.
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Chapter 4, to be added later, will include agency permit requirements and comments
as cited at the pre-application conference. Chapter 4 will also include public
comments obtained at a possible, future public hearing.
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Chapter 5, to be added later, will cite recommendations for City action towards
reopening Dunedin Pass.
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Background: Navigation charts dating to 1883, identify a navigable pass - known
then as Big Pass - in the general location of Dunedin Pass - see Figure 1.1. In this
century, dredging and filling of Clearwater Harbor has occurred for the construction
of causeways and to create lands and canals. Filling of the Harbor has altered the
flow of water within Clearwater Harbor and has resulted in a reduced ability of
Dunedin Pass to maintain itself by scouring and maintain the ebb shoal. The
1-1
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extensive ebb shoal, which existed offshore of the pass in 1950, has almost entirely
migrated landward and further choked the pass - leading to closure. As such, the
closure of Dunedin Pass might not be considered a "natural event" but due to
unnatural dredge and fill activities.
Prior to the closure of the pass in 1988, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
conducted a study of Dunedin Pass to determine whether improvements were
justified (USACE, 1985). The USACE concluded that an expanded and maintained
channel are economically justified. The US ACE report recommended Federal
participation in funding be authorized by Congress if permits are obtained for the
work.
In 1984, an application for permits was submitted by Pinellas County for the removal
of shoals within the pass. The 1984 permit application received a negative response
from the State of Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (DER); the local
Regional Planning Council recommended denial; the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
(USFWS) cited potential adverse impact to foraging habitat of the ''pipling plover"
(a threatened species) and encouraged the use of Hurricane Pass and Clearwater
Pass to meet navigation needs. Prior to resolution of issues, this application was
withdrawn by the County.
In March, 1989, the ballot for elections held within the City included a "straw ballot"
question regarding whether the pass should be opened. A total of 5,541 voted for
opening the pass; 2,793 voted against opening the pass.
On November 21, 1990, a joint permit application was submitted by Pinellas County
to the DER, the USACE, and State of Florida Department of Natural Resources
(DNR). The application requested permits "to re-establish a navigable connection
between north ClealWater Harbor and the open Gulf of Mexico." The proposed new
connection cited in the application was about 1,500 feet south of the most recent
"naturaf' location of the pass. The application cites this location as desirable so as
to minimize adverse impact to natural resources and improve stability of the pass.
The application received negative comments from environmental permitting agencies.
On February 12, 1991, the Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners voted
to withdraw the application; the application was subsequently withdrawn and
permitting efforts ceased. Renewed local interest and continued needs have
prompted the City of Clearwater to initiate this report towards reopening Dunedin
Pass.
1-3
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2. PUBLIC INTEREST ASSESSMENT
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General: To obtain a State of Florida Dredge and Fill Permit for reopening
Dunedin Pass, the City "must provide reasonable assurance that the project will be
clearly in the public interest" (Sec 403.914 FS). To obtain easements for the proposed
channel on sovereignty lands of the State, within the Pinellas County Aquatic
Preserve, the City must demonstrate that reopening Dunedin Pass is "necessary ... to
enhance the quality or utility of the preserve or the public health generally" (Ch 72-663,
Laws of Florida). These requirements are formally addressed in a "Public Interest
Assessment to determine whether... benefits clearly exceed the costs" of a project
(Chapter 18-20 F AC).
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A primary focus of this report is to address public benefits and costs. In conjunction
with this report, data was collected to demonstrate the extent of public benefits and
costs towards assessment of the feasibility and, if appropriate, towards providing a
basis for permits to reopen the pass.
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Reopening Dunedin Pass may result in the following public benefits:
a) public ac'cess to the Gulf of Mexico;
b) improved public safety and welfare associated with reduced SR 60
bridge openings;
improved public land management associated with controlled access to
Caladesi Island State Park;
improved public navigation associated with reduced travel times to the
Gulf of Mexico and reduction of congestion at other passes;
improved water quality within Clearwater Harbor;
restoration of the natural habitat surrounding the historical pass;
improve habitat for endangered and/or threatened species.
c)
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Reopening Dunedin Pass may also result in the following public costs:
a) degraded water quality during construction associated with dredging
operations;
b) reduction of natural habitat associated with physical construction of the
pass;
and, c) harm to endangered or threatened species habitat.
The costs associated with reopening of the pass are not addressed in this section of
this January, 1994 draft report. Costs are addressed under Alternatives (Chapter 3).
Following a pre-application conference with regulatory agencies, an alternative will
be recommended and associated costs will be included in this section to complete
the public interest assessment. All alternatives are assumed to result in the benefits
described in this draft.
2-1
.
BENEFITS
Public Access and Navigation: Prior to 1979, historical Dunedin Pass was the main
navigation passageway between the Gulf of Mexico and Clearwater Harbor for the
portion of the harbor between the Dunedin Causeway and the Clearwater Memorial
Causeway (Figures 2.1 and 2.2). There are two Federal navigation projects in close
proximity to historical Dunedin Pass:
1) The West Coast Intracoastal Waterway running north and south
through Clearwater Harbor and St. Joseph Sound;
and, 2) Clearwater Pass Channel to the Gulf of Mexico.
At present, Dunedin Pass is closed; Hurricane Pass is navigable only by small craft
(ATM, 1993) and Clearwater Pass is the only maintained navigation channel in the
area. The Hurricane Pass Inlet Management Plan cites that Hurricane Pass is
navigable only by small craft. Bathymetric contour charts indicate an existing
channel depth of -9 feet relative to MSL (ATM, 1993) but, discussions with Caladesi
Park personnel and local marina operators, indicate that severe shoaling is occurring
at Hurricane Pass ivhich is causing the channel to become more narrow and
unreliable. Material is accumulating near channel marker 3 at the pass entrance.
Beach nourishment material placed on Honeymoon Island could be the source of
this material.
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The design depth of the Federally maintained channel at Clearwater Pass is -8' MSL
(USACE, 1985). Vessels, with a draft greater than 4 feet, north of the Clearwater
Memorial Causeway and south of the Dunedin Causeway, must pass through two
bascule bridges to reliably access the Gulf of Mexico - at Clearwater Memorial
Causeway (SR 60) with a 90 feet span and a vertical clearance of 25 feet and
ClealWater Pass Bridge (CR 183) with a 50 feet span and a vertical clearance of 24
feet.
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There are at least 11 commercial/municipal marinas in the area and two boat ramps
(Figure 2.2). In 1985, the USACE estimated that there were approximately 2,328
recreational boats in the Dunedin Pass area - based on a physical boat count and
estimated ramp and transient boat use (USACE, 1985). The 2,328 boats accounted
for about 7.7 percent of the total boats registered in Pinellas County. Table 2.1
presents the prospective recreational boating within the study area (Honeymoon
Island to Clearwater Pass) as estimated by the USACE based on 1980 data. Actual
1990 boat registrations in Pinellas County were 44,624.
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Scale in Miles
Source : USGS Quad Mop
for Pinellos County, FL
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Dunedin Area Marinas
Figure 2.2
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TABLE 2.1: PROSPECTIVE RECREATIONAL BOATING
WITIllN THE STUDY AREA
~1!1~!~I;;';~~ill~~~;~;;;;i;;'i~~~;;Iil!
1985 35,043 2,699
1990 40,294 3,103
2000 49,255 3,790
2010 57,504 4,428
2020 66,517 5,122
2030 74,624 5,746
2040 83,479 6,428
Source: USACE, 1985
The USACE evaluated navigation improvements to Dunedin Pass and estimated that
a significant number of vessels would use and benefit from the improvements as
cited in Table 2.2. The estimates do not include vessels which would be too large
(greater than 4 feet draft) to use the proposed improvements or vessels too small
(less than 16' LOA) to regularly desire access to the Gulf.
TABLE 2.2: PROSPECTIVE BENEFrrf~D BOATS
. . . " . .. .. . ... . . .. , .
." . ...." ,... ." "' }:'VeSscl:Type >:: .. .,... .. . .
:::j::-:::}Y~r"':'.;::';": ',' '26.... :;::2140:': :"'>40i.: , .:Total
.. . . . , .
::':17.. '::: ,
1980 Sail 322 175 15
Power 1,441 413 41 2,407
1990 Sail 369 202 17
Power 1,657 475 47 2,767
2000 Sail 451 246 21
Power 2,024 580 57 3,379
2010 Sail 527 288 24
Power 2,365 677 67 3,948
2020 Sail 610 333 28
Power 2,735 784 77 4,567
2030 Sail 684 373 32
Power 3,086 879 86 5,140
2040 Sail 765 418 35
Power 3,433 983 97 5,731
Source: USACE, 1985
2-5
,
The closure of Dunedin Pass has adversely affected local navigation by concentrating
access to the G'ulf of Mexico at CleaIWater Pass. This has resulted in increased
vessel traffic along the ICWW, delays at bridges, and lack of a quick refuge (safe
anchorage) during storms for boats in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico adjacent to
Dunedin Pass. Interviews with local marinas (see Table 2.3) indicate that the
closure of the pass has resulted in congested boat traffic in Oearwater Harbor and
that there is a long delay in travelling to CleaIWater Pass and passing through two
bridges to access the Gulf.
TABLE 2.3: WeAL MARINA INTERVIEWS
:,"::::.>::;::::/" . '." .,....<~.........:.. :::>:':'>'./" .... . ..:.' '::.... \;". . "..:..:,' ': :"..' ';", ".':', ':" ..,..,..,.;:'.,..:::.:. >:'..:':....',.. ..
..." .', ,."Manna/LOcation ,., ':.::; ..:".,COmments/Commenta~r:::::,<
.,.. .,. .. . '::.,"",:::, ':"':; .' :
:;::':,::>:;::.:,::::;....,... ,,','.' , ", ' ",<::"
Marker One (At this marina) "Boat Size has decreased and changed to
(Dunedin ) shallower drafts." George, Manager.
Walter Prior Boat Yard "Boats have to go through two bridges to get to the Gulf."
(Dunedin )
Clearwater Marina "Forty four percent would use Dunedin Pass if open.
(Clearwater) (Opening) would cause less bridge openings for through
traffic and in event of a storm, would provide an additional
access to the Harbor." Bill Held, Harbor Master
Island Harbor "Possibly very small impact on access for boaters to general
(Island Estates) area. " Rob, Manager
High 'N' Dry "Where we are, it has cut back the traffic past our marina.
(Clearwater) Big boats cannot get under Causeway Bridge."
George's Marina (Pass closure) "Discourages sailboats because no water at
(Ozona Smith Bayou) low tide. Tide changes radically in the cove - last week
there was an 8 foot change. H umeane Pass is shoaling
near marker #3 and becomes narrow; boats with draft
greater than 3 feet use Clearwater." Joe Cascio
Marine Advisory Board "North side of causeway must go through 2 bridges to get
to the Gulf. Hurricane Pass is not really reliable."
Bill Stephan, Chairman
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The USACE evaluated two alternative channel improvement projects for Dunedin;
a north channel and a south channel. The total annual automobile energy savings
and recreational benefits for these projects for a 50 year project life were estimated
to be $580,000 for a northerly channel and $487,300 for a southerly channel
(USACE, 1985). The USACE determined that navigation improvements at Dunedin
Pass would result in needed public benefits in excess of costs. The USACE
recommended construction of improvements upon receipt of all necessary regulatory
perrni ts.
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Public Safety and Welfare: Due to the closure of Dunedin Pass, boat traffic is
r" forced to Clearwater Pass which results in opening of the' bascule bridges at the
Clearwater Causeway and the Clearwater Bridge. Bridge opening data for
Clearwater Memorial Causeway and Clearwater Pass Bridge are shown in Table 2.4.
r
i TABLE 2.4: BRIDGE OPENING DATA
F'"
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,:; ..<,..::<:;";.,.:.:.;.;.::: .. .... . ... . . . . .,. ::":i:::,::>::::;'~~iM~~rt.i~:(SR60):Openin~:...:;::.:
.,.."'.,...""'..."'."""'~'"
.". ......... :<.((:::~ce~~:{CR:1I3)~:-.:<<::.,.?\ ..
.:::/:::;:~:.~::~::~::;~::~::~~:~;~:~; ,
,.. ..
:.~<:<;: :"\}{f :::~;: ..
". '. '.', .. :::<f '.:::-No.'~r.y~", .. .. .' ..,.., . . , . .
::;::y~:.::::.:: :>.;:,:,:'Q;;.,i~ " , .. ... '" .. .. . ,
:;:. ,,:,-::::.::'.,,:".,,:.: ::. :0peDJ.nr;s :-". :.No.'oC VeSsels.
.n. ....,... ".',:,. .. ... .. ... ..
1972 10,079 3,432
1973 10,602 3,564
1974 12,850 3,702
1975 13,118 3,495
1976 15,243 3,743
1977 8,966 3,666
1978 9,893 3,996
:':::::,:::<,:,;:::': . ' ,. .,.'. '.' .. ,.,:::..,'. , , ' ::,:,:,>:. '" ,;"
.. :-::::,,:,:'\>"', ,"': : Pass Oosed io Navigation .. , : :,..',',:;,';:<:
<:,:, . ,''';:'",'.'. ,. ,"':,..., : " " ',..,.., .'
1979 10,941 4,321
1980 (No Data)
1981 5,401 8,061
1982 3,999 6,191
1983 5,386 8,783
1984 5,565 8,936
1985 14,991 5,935 9,570
1986 13,188 5,848 8,569
1987 9,1s03 5,251 7,762
1988 11,3703 4,542 7,006
1939 12,574 24,794 5,360 7,9113
1990 14,377 24,904 5,046 8,080
1991 12,811 23,902 5,365 7,678
1992 12,810 2,489 5,208 7,732
1993 11,79;/ 23,400 4,0~ 5,990
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Data for 1972 to 1979 from US ACE, 1985.
Data for 1985 to 1993 from City of Clearwater.
Data for 1972 to 1979 from US ACE, 1985.
Data for 1981 to 1993 from Florida DOT.
3 Bridge closed for 2 months
4 Through October, 1993
5 Through September, 1993
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Dunedin Pass was closed to navigation in 1979. From 1972 to 1978, the Clearwater
Pass Bridge, over the Clearn'ater Channel, averaged 11,536 openings per year and
from 1979 to 1993, averaged 13,098 openings per year; an increase of 13.5 percent.
From 1972 to 1978, the Qearwater Memorial Causeway Bridge, over the ICWW,
averaged 3,657 openings per year and from 1979 to 1993, averaged 5,171 openings
per year; an increase of 41 percent. This increase in bridge openings after Dunedin
Pass was closed to navigation may indicate an increased use of Clearwater Pass by
boaters who previously used Dunedin Pass.
I.
II
,..,
The USACE estimated that each bridge opening would cause approximately a two
minute automobile delay; and based on vehicular count data for each bridge,
predicted the fuel costs for each bridge opening. Table 2.5 presents estimated
automobile fuel savings per bridge opening at Clearwater (USACE, 1985).
.. "
TABLE 2.5: DOLLAR OR FUEL SAVINGS PER OPENING
'it
.. ". .
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.. ",' . .... . ", ," ", ,.. . .'''.",'' ", ..,........
Memoiial\cau~y'Dl"Bw,.,.:
. . '.','.>.:($)\....< ','
7.40
7.55
7.70
7.70
7.70
7.70
7.70
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......... ........ ...
}:;>Yeiif:'...:::"Clearwater.::Pas's',.nmw::,:
:..,.", ....($). ,
1985 2.15
1990 3.65
2000 3.70
2010 3.70
2020 3.70
2030 3.70
2040 3.70
Source: USACE, 1985
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The USACE estimated average annual automobile fuel savings associated with
maintaining Dunedin Pass at between $30,000 and $40,000 per year due to decreased
waiting at bridges. These potential savings and reduced traffic are public benefits.
ll',J
Public Land Management: The closure of Dunedin Pass and the formation of a
land bridge between ClealWater Beach Island and Caladesi Island has adversely
impacted the control and management of Caladesi Island State Park. Prior to the
pass closure, Caladesi Island was only accessible by boat; the majority of the park
visitors arrived by ferry through facilities under park control where entrance fees
were collected. The park is now accessible by pedestrians walking north on the
beach from Clearwater Beach.
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Park personnel have estimated that 50 to 100 people per weekday and up to 250
people per weekend day access the Caladesi Island beach from Clearwater Beach
(WATSON, 1993). Park rangers have not determined the number of people who
access Caladesi Island beach from the south and are actually using park facilities.
At the present time, the park facilities have not become "over used." Park personnel
have indicated the following adverse impacts from the pass closure:
a) Security: The park can no longer control access and boundaries. Loss
of revenue occurs from unpaid access. There have been isolated
incidents of theft and vandalism (WATSON, 1993);
b) Feral Cats and Dogs: Park personnel have expressed concern that
domestic cats and dogs will access the park from Clearwater Beach and
establish themselves on Caladesi Island and become untamed. If cats
and dogs establish themselves on Caladesi Island and reproduce, these
animals will be competing with native species.
The park has experienced an advantageous impact from the pass closure. The south
end of the park is no long experiencing erosion and is now accreting (CUTTS, 1993).
Reopening of the pass would result in improved control of access to the park and
better management of these public lands.
Water Quality: The existing water quality for a portion of Clearwater Harbor is
below minimum State standards. Reopening Dunedin Pass would eliminate what is
now a dead end canal that has formed with the closure of the pass.
Limited water quality sampling was conducted in September, 1993 at 6 stations
extending from Clearwater Harbor to the Gulf, immediately west of the closed pass,
as partially shown in Figure 2.3. These 6 stations replicate the locations of prior
sampling locations cited in previous studies by Pinellas County in 1989 and 1990
(pINELLAS COUNTY, 1990), and by CH2M Hill in 1988 (DEAN, 1990); Dunedin
Pass fully closed in 1988. Appendix B contains the water quality report and data as
provided by CH2M Hill for the September, 1993 measurements. Table 2.6 presents
a comparison of water quality data for stations 1 through 6.
In 1993, station 2 at the western end of the closed channel had the lowest values of
dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and salinity of all stations sampled. The DO in
September, 1993 at station 2 was 1.5 mgll on a rising tide and 4.9 mgll on a falling
tide, resulting in an average value of 3.2 mg/l. Surface water quality standards for
Class ill (marine) waters are contained in Chapter 17-302.530 FAC. Dissolved
Oxygen should not average less than 5.0 in a 24 hour period and should never be
less than 4.0 mgll. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) was measured at station 2 in
the closed pass and station 6 in the open waters of the Clearwater Harbor. The
BOD was approximately 235 mg/l at station 2 and was undetectable at station 6.
2-9
,I . . . . y . , .,Y. " , " , .' f I ~ ~ ,. ~ ~ ' _'.
Dunedin Pass J')ll(
Nate : Pass CD
closed In 1988
Po.. ClOHd
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~ 1000 R,f. : Chap. 17-302530 FAC
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Water Quality Sampling
Figure
2-10
2.3
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LEGEND
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. 2-90
* 9-89
... 12-88
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r~ TABLE 2.6: COMPARISON OF WATER QUALTIY DATA
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, Depda (n) Flow (rv-) , 00 (mall) ,
, Sladon
'.'3 UO "9.&9 lU1 ~ :'510 ,.., lUl 9-'3 Zo9O .,.., ,LUI'
......
I 1 3.61 9.18 8.86 4.59 0.7 6.1 7.35 5.62 8.52
I 2 2.14 3Jl.4 0.6 3.2 9.43
3 2.62 6.89 6.89 2.79 0.35 5,9 6,64 4,08 9.19
""
4 3,94 8.2 7.54 3.71 0.38 5.8 6,92 4.45 9.08
I
I.. 5 5,4 8.96
11.48 7.05 0.82
r 6 8.2 5.77 2.9 5.4 9.21
I, " 's.um1J (ppt) ";,, " &cchl Depth (fI)'
.. pll
'-93" " , . ,,019
; Sladon "~ ..,.&9 " lUI "'-93 :.~ .lUS ".93 %-510 '019.' ....1241
r . '-, ':
1 26.1 32.8 34.8 33.97 8.1 7.<yJ 7.95 8.02 3.3 6 7.1 2.52
2 24.8 32.16 8 8,17 2.1 3.05
! 3 25.2 32S 32.9 32.46 8.2 8 7.95 8.2 2.1 3.9 3.1 2.3S
i
4 25.5 32.5 33.2 32.04 8.3 8,07 7.97 8.21 2.1 3.8 3.3 3.23
.
5 25.3 31.89 8.3 8.21 2.3 4,09
~' 6 25.2 32.26 8.3 8.23 2..8 3.86
,
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':. . . :., ..' .. ;,Temp(C) '. 'BOD (~ TKN'(~)',."
", "
f " , Slatlon: "9.93; ":.'~90: ,'. . ',.a9 .1Ul 9-93 %-~ g~ 'lU3 9.93 %-90 ,.., 'lz.18.
" .
. 1 30.5 20.01 28.66 17.34 2.8 6.05 0.545 0.5 0.9
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2 29 17.06 2.45 0,67 Nol 0.95
IJ "
\ 3 29.7 19.24 27.36 16,8 4.1 5.1 0,668 o.m 0.88
.\1,';'1 4 28.9 19.45 27.62 17.13 3.81 6.7 0.569 0,66 1.08
5 29.3 16.22 0.73
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! 6 29.5 16.35 <2 0.035 0.73
1
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.. .... .' ':.:'AmiiioDlaN(~>,: ' . 'To&al P (m&II) '. ' . Chloropb111 It. (Ql&iCabJc' meler) ': .
f';;;;1 ,':,.:,.;.;., " " " . '"u.s.','
"sWJoll:'; .',,9;93 . "WIO' ,,9-19 "'lUl 9-93,' ' 2090 ,.,9 lUl ' !1093 2.90 '.all
irJ~ 1
0.2 0.05 0.05 0.04 4,9 3.5 8.79
F:;";' 2 0.13 0.25 0,045 0.05 6.85 8.29
1 '
3 0.17 0,05 0.051 0.03 8.3 16.1 5.88
~
4 0.18 0,05 0,05 0.03 8.4 9.2 5,47
. 5 0,15 0,04 6.59
,
6 0.06 0,18 0,035 0,04 8,6S 8,69
.......
.'C. ,
I ,ToCalColUonD (c:oV1OOml) Fecal CoWorm (co~I00mJ)
!
I Station, ,'.93 . ':'90 '''9 12-18 , ,9.93, %.90 ,-19 1%41
.......
1 27.3 7
" 92.S 6S,9 59 53.2
2
,
""- 3 47.6 34.4
4 57.1 7,9
,
5 46.8 10,7
-- 6 <1 44.1 I <1 I 11.2
2-11
..-
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..
.
These data indicate oxygen depletion at the closed channel. The DO measurements
also indicate that the degradation of water quality is localized and concentrated in
the closed channel of the pass which has formed a dead end canal. The
measurements for stations 3 to 6 were approximately the same and ranged from 5.4
to 5.9 mgll.
The plots of the Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) and total Coliform measurements
also indicate elevated levels at the closed pass compared to the open harbor. The
TKN level at station 2 is not higher than the 1988 measurements. However, the
TKN level at station 2 was approximately 1.3 times higher than station 6 in 1988, but
the 1993 TK.N concentration at station 2 was approximately 20 times higher than the
value at station 6. Nitrogen levels are an indicator of nutrient input, "excessive
nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorous) constitute one of the most severe water
quality problems facing the State" [Chapter 17-302.300 (3) FAC].
, '
;.
The total coliform, while below maximum Bacteriological Quality Standards of 2,400
at any time or a monthly average of 1,000, also indicates degradation of water quality
at the closed pass. The 1988 data indicate a coliform count approximately 1.5 times
higher at station 2 than at station 6; the 1993 data indicate a coliform count 90 times
higher at station 2 than at station 6.
" '
\. ,
Interviews with local marinas indicate a decline in water quality since the pass closed
in the area (see Table 2.7) and also indicate that re-opening the pass would improve
the water quality.
~ ,
The water quality data indicate that degradation has formed in the dead end canal
because of the pass closure.
.'
TABLE 2.7: WATER QUALITY COMMENTS
. ,. ,.
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\:::\/:/::::,:,:,<:::',:',::'~arUui/l.oC8tJon "
to".
COIDJ11eDtslColDIDeDtalor' , ,,':
Walter Prior Boat Yard
(Dunedin)
"Flow is vel)' limited now. It doesn't come like it used to."
aearwater Marina
(Clearwater)
High .N' 01)'
(Clearwater)
"Opening of pass would improve water circulation,"
Bill Held, Harbor Master
,. " I.
"Decline in water quality, dirtier and siltier, increased tidal now and tidal rips. We
are at the end of a dead end."
\0,;,.'
Caladesi State Park Marina
(Caladesi Island)
"Poor flushing, used to be vel)' clear water and good fishing." Mr. Kohler
George's Marina
(Ozona Smith Bayou)
"Need to increase flushing of waters." Joe Cascio
j),'!
Marine Advisol)' Board
"Pass closing cut off flow of ....'Bter to Harbor Sound area." Bill Stephan, Chairman
),
.' .
2-12
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The reopening of Dunedin Pass would result in tidal exchange between the Gulf of
Mexico and northern CleaIWater Harbor. The mean bay tidal range is 1.9' and the
spring range is 2.8' as reported in National Ocean SUlVey (NOS) tide tables for the
Dunedin area. The tides are a mix of semi-diurnal and diurnal (NEWMAN, 1983;
DAVIS, 1990). Dean (1990) performed a numerical study of the hydraulics of a
proposed pass opening of similar dimension as considered in this study and
estimated that current velocities through the pass would be 2 to 2.5 feet per second.
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The tidal prism of an inlet is the volume of water entering the inlet on flood tide or
leaving the inlet on ebb tide. The tidal prism can be calculated from field
measurements or can be estimated from theoretical relationships. For a channel
cross-section of 1,700 rr below -0.0' NGVD, the theoretical equilibrium tidal prism
ranges from 5.8 x 107 ft3 (JARREIT, 1976) to 7 x 107 ff (O'BRIEN, 1969). These
theoretical values are within range of the predicted values for a pass with a cross
section of 1,500 ft2 as modeled by Dean (1990).
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Reopening Dunedin Pass will result in an average flow of water on the order of
65,000,000 cubic feet per tidal cycle through the pass; the exchange of this water
between the Gulf and Clearwater Harbor would clearly improve flushing and water
quality within CleaIWater Harbor and would result in public benefits.
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Avifauna) (Bird) Use of Dunedin Pass: Two broad categories of avifaunal are
present in the Dunedin Pass area; shorebirds and wading birds. The activities of
these birds can be separated into two distinct uses; nestingfbreeding and
feeding/nesting. Specific avifaunal studies have been performed for the Dunedin
Pass area by Biological Research Associates, Inc. (BRA) in 1994 for this study, and
in 1990 and 1989 for previous studies. The 1994 study is included in this report as
Appendix C. The Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission (FGFWFC) also
prepared an avifaunal assessment of a previous proposal for reopening Dunedin Pass
in 1990.
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The FGFWFC documented feeding and foraging birds on interior tidal flats and
nesting birds on the sandy beach areas of northern Clearwater Beach Island in
December, 1990; see Table 2.8.
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2-13
I.
TABLE 2.8: BIRD USE (FGFWFC)
".,Use ,,"
, , .
'Species ,.,
Piping Plover
Snowy Plover
Roseate Tern
Least Tern
American Oyster Catcher
Little Blue Heron
Snow Egret
Roseate Spoonbill
Brown Pelican
Least Tern
Roseate Tern
Snowy Plover
American Oyster Catcher
{,
Feeding and Foraging
in Tidal Flats
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Nesting on Sandy
Beach Areas
.;
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The 1994 BRA study documented 11 species of wading birds and 10 species of
shorebirds nesting in the Dunedin Pass area; it was also noted and that over 40
species of birds have been sited in the area. Table 2.9 identifies wading and
shorebirds known to use the area in some manner; their historic and current use,
and their protected status. The 1994 study (BRA, 1994) was unable to document the
specific use of specific species at or near the fanner pass. Local "birders" have
observed that "the area has become an important nesting and feeding site for both
shorebirds and wading birds." Mr. William Cutts, the Park Manager of Caladesi
Island State Park, has indicated that park personnel have noted an increase in
shorebirds nesting and feeding on the interior sand bars of the closed pass (CUTTS,
1993) .
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BRA conducted a field inspection on October 10, 1990 and noted 4 listed, protected
species by the USFWS in the project area - Snowy Plover, Piping Plover, Brown
Pelican, Snowy Egret. The 1989 study by BRA concluded that the sandy beaches of
northern Clearwater and southern Caladesi Islands provided nesting habitat for
plovers, terns, and skimmers. The report also concluded that as the mud flats in the
interior of the closed pass become larger and vegetation such as cordgrass becomes
denser, these areas will become less valuable as avifaunal habitat. Most of the
shorebird bird species (i.e. plovers, sandpipers, terns, etc...) expected to occur or
actually observed in the interior region are "intolerant of dense vegetation characteristic
of cordgrass marshes and mangrove swamps." (BRA, 1989).
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TABLE 2.9: mSTORIC AND CURRENT AVIFAUNAL USE OF DUNEDIN PASS
~_...........-_. y....-:.:.:::::::::..-~ _ ......~:.::::::::.::...:;::.:::=::::.: =~...:;~_... .:...::=____....It.i-~:::==-.......... -~."....-I ..........~..,.-.............-... ...
~ffimore7{-~.:-...._.;~ ~K' .' .. ......---....".---.-- .:~~. . .. .. .. .":"'I."J:~~....,............-. .,.~=
.a 1 A. a;il . ......_.....-.....-.-.-......... wn ';"'U I
::-.... ...---.-.......-.....-.,.,..--.-.-.... =- --- , ---..--'::"=.,"''::''':.-y- - ................ ...--.
- - ..,-"",....--.-...---........................ ........... -........ . _............._.~..-..............._...""'.......~.-.....-~.....~ -......-y......... ....... "".--"""...... ...... ... ....y. .. ........,.,.,. -_, ---..--....
""'-.--...----........-.-..-...-.....-........-..-. .......__..._._.........-.._..._...__........._.__..._-~ .......~.~-':-._.._- ....-.-...-....-.... --................- ..-----...-.....- ~~~~
-...-........~._........_.-....................-........_..~ #...-.-..............-...,.---....-.....................-............ ~W&~.-"'.'_ ...~~. .", ...---.~..... ...........~..- ~
;..:::::;:::.-:.-;.-:.......---~~_.,........................~4 ....._.............__.......,._~.=.::.~~~......"""'"....... ,....,.., ::: ___ .. ...... ::::::. ' '" .
-~. _......-..............,.,...--.........._...............-~. ..-...............................~..........~_....................... .. .....
.....-_.........~._._________...._____ ,_ a.. ....---.-.__...._ _.. .. _. _~ ~;_ _..........;,;._~.;.;.; ___.~..... ..............--..... _--..
--..-.....-......-...-............................................. ...........................,.................................... .......................~ ..-..-......--...-.,: ......--...--...... .................~~ ...._~- ......-'!~
.-_........-.'Io_......____............_........_.....""".._.~ ".~_..""..""........._................._..................__...__...=:.. ...........--..........-:: #Io~'!tf-Jti _.....__..... ~~;~~;~ -
:...-::".:::.~:::--..._-..==.::-::::::::::.. :.:::.":""....-........-:.-:::::::.::.::.-:::.:::..:-:.::.:.::;"';::;.,..-:=:.:::: =.:.:.:.~~.;,; ~...:.::.:.." -.... ~-~;--".
_ ____...__v""'____ ,__._ ,....._ _ ..---.;~ ... .......:.'::'
WADING BmDS
Great Blue Heron
Great Egret
Snowy Egret
Little Blue Heron
Tricolor Heron
Reddish Egret
Green-backed Heron
Ardea herodias
Casmerodius albus
Egretta thula
Egret!a caeruJea
Egrerla tricolor
Egrefta rufescens
BUlOrides striatUS
x x x x NL
x x x x NL
x x x x sse
x x x x sse
^ x x x sse
x x x x sse
x x x x NL
x x x NL
Black-crowned Night Nycticorax nycticcrax
Heron
YelJow-crowned Night NyClicorax violaceus
Heron
White Ibis Eudocimus alhus
x
x
NL
x
x
x
.
x
x
x
Roseate Spoonbill
SHOREBIRDS
Ajaia ojala
x
sse
x
x
x
Brown Pelican
Pelecanus occidemal.is
Pha1acrocorax aurirtus
x
sse
NL
x
x
x
Double-crested
Cormorant
:.Y;
x
x
Clapper Rail
Black-bellied Plover
Snowy Plover
W1lson' s Plover
Semipalmated Plover
Piping Plover
American
Oystercatcher
Rallus longirostris
Pluvialis squataroIa
Charadrius aJexandrinus
x
^ NL II
X NL
x T
x NL
x NL
x T
x sse
x
x
x
x
Charadrius wilsonia
x
x
x
Ozaradrius semipalnuuus
Charadrius melodius
Ha~ma'opus pallia/us
x
:x
2-15
.
~~~::~1':;;r, '7:~;; fs~~~~~~'~'~':-~~~:: ~m":~ri~~.~Eti~ ;-=....~=.~~
. .... .Q1.E.:..~~== ~ ljl~.)."iQ:l!!o"::'._.=...= _~..,~~ .. ...- .JiE:: ",-. . ........_.~,
~-..~ ~_rt.~ ,111 t n.. l J....._~~.~~,~..._.... .....A."'".:;:.~ ~.. :.:..,:::::.:~.. .........-... .............._____ ...~....:_,.".;.;;..
~";. I .~ t .1 T'" .".11"'" .......... T ~...- ...,.,..~. ::'::8':" ~
... -A..... _.....__........ ... .::.::.~....~... .. _ ~....... ' . ~ "'~''''''''!~~
:::............... I'~ y ... .. ~ ......""..,......1.... ,""t T -......... ~... __. ~ ... , .,,~, .. _.~~ ... ~ ~ ...
.::::: ~... 4- .........~.........,. .:...~~ "-~""lt --...~~II.l"''' ~~~ .- ~
=~....-~.-= ... ...~~ - ~:::'".:-:~~. ~ 1...... t. T ..._. 1:.;'""_ 44l', 4JJ1......"...~......
- r I J ................... ..... .-............. ... _ :...~~..:;...,. .. . ..... ... '0', ..,...-- 4-.1 J .............
Greater YeJlowlegs
Lesser Yellowlegs
Willet
Tringa me1mUJleuca
Tringa jIaYipes
Catoptrophorus
semipalmatus
Actitis ~
Numenius phae()PUS
Numenius americmws
x
x
NL
NL
NL
x.
x
x.
x
x
Spotted Sandpiper
Whimbre1
Long-bi11ed Curlew
Marbled Godwit
Ruddy Turnstone
Red Knot
x
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
x
x
Sanderling
Western Sandpiper
I...east Sandpiper
Donlin
Limosa leMa
Arenaria interpres
Calidris canutus (Tringa
COlUltUS Auk 4)
Calidris alba
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
T
sse
. i
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Calidris nunui
x
Calidris miltU/illa
Cdlidris alpina
x
x
x
Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus grisew
x
Laughing Gull
Ring-billed Gull
Herring Gull
Black Tern
Caspian Tern
Royal Tern
Sandwich Tern
Common Tern
Larus atricilla
Larus delilwarensis
Larus argentatus
ChIidlJnias niger
Sterna caspia
,Sterna maxinul
Sterna srmdvicensis
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
~:: .
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
STerna hiruruW
x
x.
x
Forster's Tern
SteT1Ul/osteri
Sterna arui/larnm
Rhynchops niger
:x
x
x
Least Tern
Black Skimmer
:x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NL = Not Listed sse = Species of Special Concern T = 111rcalcned
2~,16
II< = Listed but no status
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The 1989 BRA report also concluded that human traffic on the beach results in
human disturbance of shorebird nesting activity. The landbridge between Caladesi
and Clearwater formed by the pass closure has resulted in a significant amount of
human traffic and some vehicular traffic in the area of the former pass. The 1989
BRA report stated "the sand dune area provides open sandy expenses ideal for ll.eSting
Least Tenns, Black Skimmers, and. Wilson's and Snowy Plovers. Disturbances caused
by humans and. their pets to ground nesting species can have devastating results on
reproductive success." The proposed reopening of Dunedin Pass would reduce human
disturbance to the nesting activity of shorebirds.
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Habitat Restoration: Seagrass beds are present in the shallow waters of Clearwater
Harbor and St. Joseph Sound adjacent to the project area. Data indicate that these
grass beds have declined in extent since closure of Dunedin Pass. Three types of
seagrass - turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum), manatee grass (Syringodium filiforme),
and shoal grass (Halodule wrightii) - are present in the nearshore waters of Caladesi
Island, northeast of the project site; the beds east of Caladesi Island are the most
dense in the area (DAWES, 1989). However, in the vicinity of the closed pass at the
interior dead end canal, there are few to no existing seagrass beds (CUTIS, 1993
and EDWARDS, 1993).
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The Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) has prepared a report on the
seagrass communities adjacent to Honeymoon Island and Caladesi Island (BARD,
1992) which presents a historical comparison of seagrass coverage in the Dunedin
area. The report compared aerial photography from 1973 to 1990 provided by
Southwest Florida Water Management District and the Department of
Transportation and biological resource maps of 1950 and 1982 provided by FlQrida
Marine Research Institute; the data is summarized in Figure 2.4. The long term
data indicates a reduction in seagrass coverage of 72 percent between 1950 and 1982
and a short term reduction of 20 percent between 1973 and 1990. The pass shoaled
and eventually closed during this time period between 1973 and 1990. The data
showed a sharp decline between 1973 and 1975; the report stated that unusually cold
weather most likely was responsible for the sharp decline. The pass was closed to
navigation in 1979; the pass fully closed in 1988.
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Figure 2.5 presents a regional aerial photograph of the pass (AEROMAP, 1993)
conducted specifically for this study. The observed seagrass beds in the area agree
with the DEP data (BARD, 1992) in that few seagrass beds are present in the
interior region of the closed pass. Some new seagrass beds have apparently
developed on shoals that formed in the channel subsequent to the pass closing. The
proposed reopened channel will avoid the larger seagrass beds.
2-17
. ... I ~, ,,' f'''' .... ". . ' . ' ~ ,~. .. . > '\J ...
.
~
(f) 460
(l)
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0
-+- 440
0
Q)
I
"'--"" 420
w
C>
<( 400
fr::
W
> 380
0
0
(f) 360
(f)
<(
0:: 340
C)
<(
w
(f) 320
1972
Source. : Bard, 1992
Historical Comparison of Extent, of Seagrass
coverage in the nearshore waters of
Honeymoon Island State Recreation Area
andCaladesi Island state Park from 1973-1990
Seagrass Coverage
Figure 2.4
2-18
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November 1993 Regional Aerial Photo
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2-19
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Previous studies (BARD, 1992 and DAWES, 1989) have documented that turtle
grass (Thallassia) is the dominant specie of seagrass adjacent to Caladesi Island.
This dominance is consistent with the findings of Zieman and Zieman (1989) who
concluded that turtle grass was the largest and most robust species on the west coast
of Florida. These previous studies (BARD, 1992 and DAWES, 1989) also concluded
that the seagrass communities were confmed to shallow depths because of limited
water clarity. Dawes (1989) concluded that dense seagrass was restricted to above
mean low water -0.7' NGVD and that "turbidity is a major limiting factor for
establishment of beds at any depth below this zone. tI Dawes also concluded that the
water clarity degradation in CleaIWater Harbor is very evident compared to northern
St. Joseph Sound because north of the Honeymoon Causeway, seagrass beds extend
to over 1 m (3.28 feet) in depth.
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The DEP Division of Parks and Recreation has created seagrass protection zones
which prohibit the use of boats with internal combustion motors east of Caladesi
Island. These zones extend from the MHWL to water depths of 3 feet as indicated
on NOAA boat charts. There are no posted protection zones in the interior of the
old pass; the closest protection zones to the project site are adjacent to Moonshine
Island (CUTTS, 1993).
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The proposed reopening of Dunedin Pass will not adversely impact existing seagrass
beds but would likely improve progation of seagrasses surrounding the pass. ~'
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COSTS
This section will be added following identification of a recommended plan. Costs
are generally addressed within Chapter 3 for each alternative.
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3. ALTERNATIVES
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General: Towards reopening Dunedin Pass, several alternatives exist relative to the
size of the channel, the location of the channel, the location of dredge material
disposal, and structural features for stabilization of the pass. These alternatives are
discussed in this section.
" .
The following are general design objectives:
1) provide safe navigation between the Gulf and Clearwater Harbor;
2) improve water quality within Clearwater Harbor;
3) minimize future maintenance requirements;
and, 4) avoid, to the maximum extent possible, then minimize and mitigate
adverse environmental impacts.
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Following a discussion of the design channel, alternatives are developed within the
full range of physical feasibility and each alternative is considered relative to these
design objectives.
1...._ ,.
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CHANNEL ALTERNATIVES
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Desian Channel: A prior detailed navigation study by the USACE (1985) prescribes
a design channel width and depth which are accepted as a minimum channel -
sufficient to meet navigation needs. The USACE (1985) performed an economic
analysis comparing costs and benefits for various channel depths and concluded the
design vessel dimensions given in Table 3.1. The USACE proposed an interior (in
protected waters) channel design depth of 6 feet MLW and a channel design width
of 50 feet.
\,~-,
TABLE 3.1: DESIGN VESSEL DIMENSIONS
.
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'.Sail' , ,Power
Draft (ft) 4 3
Length (ft) 28-36 26-40
Height (ft) 36-48 15-24
Beam (ft) 8-11 8-12
Source: USACE, 1985
!
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-
Sailing vessels are assumed to have nominal squat (< 1/2') and power vessels are
assumed to have a squat of one foot. To account for wind, waves, currents, and
approach from different directions, the USACE proposed entrance channel design
dimensions at 150 feet wide by 8 feet deep (ML W).
3-1
10,..,
These design channel dimensions are considered reasonable, and adopted for a
conceptual design channel. The ICWW has a design depth of 8 ML W. The USACE
proposed a channel width slightly smaller than the historical pass width which varied
from approximately 230 to 360 feet from 1974 to 1984. However, during this time
period (1974 - 1984), the pass was either unnavigable or only used by small, shallow
draft crafts.
..
A 150 feet wide channel is consistent with Channel Geometry and Navigation
Guidelines of the Permanent International Association of Navigation Congress
(PlANe, 1980). The PIANC guidelines prescribe a 144 feet wide channel for two-
way traffic for boat dimensions prescribed in Table 3.1. Side slopes of 1 V:5H are
assumed to be reasonably stable.
1 .
"Stable" Channel: The design channel dimensions (150' x 8') reflect an unstable
cross-sectional area of 1,700 square feet. Frequent dredging will most likely be
necessary to remove shoaling material; up to 165,000 cubic yards per year are
estimated to deposit into the channel. An additional channel width and/or a
deposition area are appropriate to account for sediment transport into the pass. As
cited in Appendix A, a throat cross-section of about 3,000 square feet is estimated
to be more likely an hydraulically stable channel. Such a "stable" channel should
have the same design depth as the design channel; if the channel were 335 feet wide,
a cross-sectional area of 3,000 square feet would result.
.: ,
LOCATION ALTERNATIVES
The pass could be reopened to the maximum extent historically recorded or
alternately, at some point within the historical range. The following location
alternatives are considered - as physically feasible:
1) the limits of the maximum historical pass;
2) the same location as the closed pass;
and, 3) the location previously proposed by Pinellas County in 1990.
oJ' :
Maximum Historical Pass: The pass could be opened by dredging within the
maximum limits of the historical pass. Figure 3.1 shows the maximum limits of the
historical pass based on the 1873 MHWL (DEMIRPOLAT, et aI, 1987). The 1873
shoreline data is the earliest reliable shoreline information for the project site and
also corresponds to the maximum known limits of Dunedin Pass (known as Big Pass
in 1873). In 1873, the pass width was approximately 1,650 feet at a depth of 19 feet
(DAVIS and GIBEAUT, 1990). The pass narrowed with time due to northern
migration and spit growth. The maximum limits of the historical pass along the
shoreline (approximately north/south) are from near DNR monument R-27 on
Caladesi Island to between monuments R-32 and R-33 on CleaIWater Beach Island.
3-2
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HIS ORICAL
ITS OF
DU~EDIN PASS
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300
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100
Historical Pass/Previously Proposed Location
Figure 3.1
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This alternative is intended to show the maximum area which might be dredged to
re-create the historical pass. If the entire limits of the historical pass were dredged,
on the order of 1.6 million cubic yards would need to be excavated from
approximately 77 acres of uplands. The estimated cost of dredging, based on
USACE (1985) estimates of $110,000 for mobilization and a unit price of $2.45 per
cubic yard, is approximately $4 million. A large opening would tend to be more
stable, against closure, than a small opening. A large opening would also tend to
migrate with northern spit growth. Also, it is expected that the navigation channel
would meander and migrate. The excavation would also eliminate valuable upland
marine turtle and bird habitat. This alternative is considered environmentally and
economically infeasible.
"
Reopen the Closed Pass: By removal of the shoals from the existing closed channel,
the pass could be restored to the approximate conditions present immediately prior
to closure. Figure 3.2 shows the existing conditions of the pass and the proposed
channel alignment for a reopened pass in plan view and cross-section. The shaded
region represents the limits of dredging to create a channel from the Gulf of Mexico
to the former channel at Dunedin within ClealWater Harbor. Approximately 218,450
cubic yards would need to be excavated to open the pass with this configuration.
The offshore channel excavation will require removal of approximately 22,000 cubic
yards. The entrance channel, across the closed pass, will require removal of
approximately 65,000 and the interior channel will require removal of 131,000 cubic
yards. Based on USACE (1985) cost estimates of $110,000 for mobilization, and a
unit cost of $2.45 per cubic yard, it is estimated that dredging costs would be
approximately $645,000 to achieve the design channel and $1.2 million to achieve the
"stable" channel.
Two channel alignments were considered for the option of reopening the closed
pass. The first alignment was a southwest channel along Clearwater Beach Island;
the second alignment was a northeast channel along the southern end of Caladesi
Island. The channel alignment proposed combines the advantageous elements of
both options considered following the existing channel remnants and minimizes
impact to seagrass beds.
1 .
The proposed channel follows the east side of Clearwater Beach Island, south of
Moonshine Island, to the northeast end of Island Estates. Access to the ICWW
from the north end of Island Estates can be obtained by heading along the east side
of Island Estates and then to the ICWW at Seminole Boat Ramp or by heading
north along Pope Channel. Shoals at the northeast end of Pope Channel will need
to be dredged to maintain navigable access to the ICWW if this route is desired.
'"
3-4
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Re-open the Pass Alternative
Figllre 3.2
3-5
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Reopening the pass at this location would improve water quality conditions in the
western end of the closed channel. This location is towards the northern end of the
maximum limits of the historical pass and is approximately 3,000 feet north of the
northern development on Clearwater Beach Island.
"
Reopening the closed pass would require frequent maintenance dredging. The long
curving navigational channel will tend to shoal quickly. If the reopened pass is not
stabilized, it will also tend to migrate towards the north. Some loss of bird and
turtle nesting habitat would occur and some minor loss of seagrasses would occur.
~'
Previously Proposed Location (pineIlas County4 1990): Pinellas County submitted
permit applications to reopen Dunedin Pass in 1990 in the location shown in
Figure 3.1. This proposed location is towards the southern limits of the maximum
historical pass and approximately 250 feet north of the northernmost development
on Clearwater Beach Island. Dredging the pass in this location would require
excavation of approximately 98,600 cubic yards at an estimated cost of $351,570;
excavating a "stable" throat would require excavation of approximately 197,000 cubic
yards at an estimated cost of $594,000.
L
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This location is at the narrowest portion of the undeveloped shoreline in the project
area. The channel alignment is approximately straight east to west and opens to
unconfined water on Clearwater Harbor. The location and alignment of this option
will most likely result in a more stable cross-section than reopening the closed pass.
However, if the channel is not stabilized, the reopened pass would tend to migrate
towards the north - adversely impacting valuable avian habitat. Also, reopening the
pass in this location will not eliminate the "dead end canal" feature fonned on the
interior of the closed pass.
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DREDGE DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVES
The beach compatible material excavated to create the new channel could be placed
in a number of different locations surrounding the project area. The existing
sediment characteristics are described in Appendixes A and D. In summary, it is
expected that all of the excavated material, except a thin layer of silt/mud on the top
of the existing channel bottom, will be beach compatible quality sediment.
1.... ~
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The following disposal alternatives are considered:
1) adjacent beaches;
2) erosion "hot spots";
and, 3) ebb shoal.
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These are described below.
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Adiacent Beaches: Dredge material could be placed on the adjacent beaches to
offset adverse impacts associated with the creation of the pass. Historical shoreline
information shows that the former pass consistently migrated towards the north,
indicating a probable net longshore transport from the south towards the north.
Historically, the north end of Clearwater Beach Island narrowed as a spit grew
towards the north and the very southern end of Caladesi Island eroded from scour
associated with the northern migration of the pass.
I"
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Based on historical conditions prior to closure of the pass, there exists a potential
for erosion on the shoreline to the north of the reopened pass if the pass is
reopened. Dredge material could be placed along the shoreline on Caladesi Island,
north of the reopened pass. Figure 3.3 shows the fill template in plan and cross-
section. The estimated construction costs for dredging include costs for beach
disposal.
f'
Erosion "Hot Spots": Dredge material could be stockpiled for subsequent placement
on shorelines that become eroded in the vicinity of the reopened pass. As localized
regions of severe erosion ("hot spots") develop along the shoreline from Honeymoon
Island to Clearwater Pass, the stockpiled material could be transported by truck or
barge and used for beach nourishment.
f
This option will require a large upland area to stockpile the dredge material. One
or more areas with a total surface area of 27 acres would be needed to store the
estimated 218,400 cubic yards of dredge spoil at an average height of 5 feet. The
use of a stockpile will require that the dredge material be handled twice:
1) transport to the stockpile location;
and, 2) subsequent transport to the localized erosion "hot spot."
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Assuming an average distance of less than one mile between the stockpile location
and the "hot spot", it will cost approximately $5.00 per cubic yard extra for this
option as compared to direct beach disposal. The additional construction cost to
stockpile material and then place material at "hot spots" for the design channel
would be $1 million and $2 million for the "stable" channel. This option allows for
a flexible sand management approach for the reopened pass. As conditions evolve
at the reopened pass which warrant beach nourishment, beach compatible material
will be readily available to rapidly respond to these needs.
~~"'ll
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Ebb Shoal: This option entails the placement of dredge material offshore of the
newly created pass to form an ebb shoal. In the absence of an ebb shoal, sediment
in the longshore transport system will be directed at the newly created pass and
jetted offshore to form an ebb shoal. The sediments which would naturally deposit
to form the ebb shoal will create a sediment deficit at adjacent beaches - resulting
in erosion. This option attempts to: "pre-form" the ebb shoal; decrease potential
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impact to adjacent beaches by reducing sediment impoundment in the ebb shoal
region; and, provide a pathway for natural bypassing. Remnants of the ebb shoal
of the historic pass are located south of the closed pass offshore of CleaIWater
Beach Island.
At an inlet, an equilibrium ebb shoal forms to correspond to the tidal hydraulics,
geometry of the inlet, and wave climate. Dean (1990) estimated the equilibrium ebb
shoal of a reopened Dunedin Pass to be 377,000 cubic yards based on throat cross-
sections of 1,490 ft2. The estimated dredge quantity to reopen the pass is
approximately 218,000 cubic yards. An estimated 467,000 cubic yards are present in
remnants of the former ebb shoal centered approximately 2,000 feet south of the
closed pass.
It is anticipated that the excavated material would be placed on barges and
transported offshore for placement. The offshore region is too shallow for the use
of hopper dredges and disposal from a hydraulic pipeline would result in significant
turbidity. It is anticipated that offshore disposal will cost an additional $2.00 per
cubic yard; projected construction costs are an additional $437,000 for the design
channel and $926,000 for the "stable" channel.
The effectiveness of this option is dependent upon the stability of the reopened pass.
The historic pass migrated towards the north. As the pass reduced in the throat
cross-section and prism, the pass migrated and the ebb shoal migrated landward; the
result was an updrift offset ebb shoal. The ebb shoal was asymmetrical and offset
towards the south along Clearwater Beach Island. The reopened pass will need to
maintain a stable location to be able to place sand offshore to "pre-form" the ebb
shoal. The reopened pass would need to be hydraulically stable against closure for
this option to be effective. There exists a potential for the material placed in the
ebb shoal to wash into the channel. The ebb currents through the pass would need
to be able to jet offshore any material from the ebb shoal that flood current or
waves deposit in the channel.
STRUCTURAL ALTERNATIVES
The historic pass, prior to closure, was unstable and migrated towards the north.
This migration resulted in growth (elongation) of the northern end of CleaIWater
Beach Island and erosion of the southern end of Caladesi Island. The reopened
pass would most likely tend to migrate towards the north unless the pass is stabilized
with structural features. Structural alternatives considered include:
a) jetties;
b) a weir and deposition basin;
and, c) channel revetments (or bulkhead) and a sand trap along the south side
of the channel.
3-9
.
1<
Jetties: Construction of north and south jetties would stabilize the reopened pass
(Figure 3.4a). The jetties would extend offshore to the design depth of the channel
(-8.7' NG VD). The jetties would stabilize the location of the navigation channel and
act as "training" structures for tidal currents within the channel. The jetties would
also improve navigation by sheltering boats from wave attack at the mouth of the
pass.
f<
A typical cross-section is shown in Figure 3.4b. The cap elevation would be at +5'
NGVD and 10 feet wide; side slopes would be IV:1.5H, with about a 50 foot wide
base at -8.7' NGVD. Each jetty would be approximately 1,900 feet long and require
approximately 39,900 tons of stone. Based on an estimated unit cost of $80 per ton
for stone, the jetties would cost approximately $3.2 million ($1,690/ft) each.
~
It is anticipated that the jetties would be effective in stabilizing the pass but may
have adverse impact on the adjacent beach to the north. Sediment would most likely
be impounded adjacent to the south jetty or the updrift beach and also directed
offshore to form an ebb shoal. Some sediment would also shoal in the navigation
channel. These areas of sediment deposition would most likely be offset by sediment
erosion on the downdrift beach on Caladesi Island - adjacent to the north jetty.
(' ,
,
. '
Weir and Deposition Basin: A weir and deposition basin would include north and
south jetties, with a weir section in the south jetty. A deposition basin would also
be excavated along the interior of the weir section (Figure 3.4a). The lower weir
section would allow sand to be transported into a sheltered deposition basin to avoid
deposition in the channel. Periodic dredging of the deposition basin would allow for
sand transfer to the down drift beach and decrease the need for channel dredging.
The weir section might be 1,000 feet long with a cap elevation of 0.0' NGVD to
allow sand to flow over the weir. Approximately 25,500 tons of stone would be
required for a southern jetty with a lowered weir section. The weir section jetty
would cost approximately $2 million. It is estimated that the additional dredging
cost to excavate the deposition basin would be approximately $80,000 based on a
unit cost of $2.45 per cubic yard. The dimensions of the deposition basin would be
1,000 feet long by 70 feet wide and 8 feet deep. The deposition basin would have
a capacity of approximately 32,500 cubic yards - equivalent to about 20 percent of
the estimated gross annual transport in the. area. This alternative would improve
stability of the pass and allow for sand transfer. The deposition basin dimensions
(1,000' x 70' x 8') are approximately the largest area that can be excavated and
maintained, core boring information indicates a rock layer at approximately -
16' MLW.
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3-12
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Channel Revetments and a Sand Trap: Revetments or bulkheads could be
constructed along the channel shorelines with a sand trap along the south side of the
channel. The structures would stabilize the pass throat section and reduce northern
migration of the pass (Figures 3.5a and 3.5b). The revetments would provide
protection against scour and the sand trap would reduce the potential for spit
growth and allow for sand transfer. Bulkheads are susceptible to toe scour but are
more easily constructed and may be more easily removed if unacceptable adverse
impacts occur.
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The revetments or bulkheads might be 700 feet along the south shoreline and 900
feet along the north shoreline and extend from the mean high water line at the Gulf
of Mexico landward to where the channel changes orientation and CUIVes towards
the south. The crest of the revetment might be at +5' NGVD and the toe of the
revetment will be at -8.7' NOVD. The revetment would slope at 2V:1H. The sand
trap might be along the entire south side of the excavated channel resulting in a trap
area 1,850 feet long by 6 feet wide. The sand trap might be excavated to
approximately -16.7' NGVD where core borings indicate a rock layer exists (USACE,
1985). The sand trap would be 8 feet below the channel bottom and have a capacity
of approximately 60,000 cubic yards - equivalent to about one-third of the gross
sediment annual transport to the pass. The revetment would require approximately
11 tons per foot. The USACE (1985) estimated that the unit cost for revetment
construction would be $64 per ton. At $64 per ton, the total revetment construction
cost would be $1.2 million. Alternately, the bulkheads are estimated to cost about
$1 million. The extra dredging cost for the sand trap, based on $2.45 per cubic yard,
would be approximately $150,000.
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Table 3.2 presents a summary of the alternatives considered and indicates estimated
costs and impacts to surrounding resources. Monitoring costs are expected to be on
the order of $300,000 - $600,000 for a 3 year monitoring program. Monitoring is
most likely to consist of bathymetric sUIVeys and biological studies; a more detailed
monitoring program will be developed with the regulatory agencies at pre-application
meetings.
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6. REFERENCES
II" '.
Applied Technology and Management, Inc., 1993. "Hurricane Pass Inlet
Management Plan." Prepared for Pinellas County, Clearwater, Florida.
"
Bard, AM., 1992. "The Status of the Seagrass Community of St. Joseph Sound
Adjacent to Honeymoon Island State Recreation Area and Caladesi Island State
Park, Pinellas County, Florida: Ecology, Distribution, Ilnd Recommendations for
Management." District 5. Technical Report 1.
Biological Research Associates (BRA), 1989. "Letter report to PinelLas County
Reopening Dunedin Pass: Effects on the Avifauna. "
Bruun, P., Gerritsen, F., and Morgan, W.B., 1958. "Floridtz Coastal Problems:
Engineering Progress Ilt the University of Florida." Bulletin Series 101, pp 33-79.
f'
Cutts, W., 1993. Department of Environmental Protection, Caladesi Island Park
Manager. Personal Communication.
Davis, R.A, and Gibeaut, J .C., 1990. ''Historical Morphodynamics of Inlets in
Floridll. " Models for Coastal Zone Planning. Technical Paper 55. Florida
Sea Grant College Program.
" ,
Dawes. C.J., 1989. 'j4n Analyses of TJuzlassia Testudinum Beds and Water Quality
Assessment for Dunedin Pass and Southern St. Joseph Sound, Pinellas County,
Florida." Submitted to Pinellas County Board of County Commissioners.
I
.....,.;
t
Dean, R.G., 1990. 'j4n EvalUlltion of the Reopening of Dunedin Pass." Prepared
for Pinellas County, Clearwater, Florida.
6-1
'-.
Demirpolat, S., Tanner, W.F., and Knoblauch, M., 1987. "Historical Floritkl
Shorelines: An Atlas Pinel/as County, 1873 - 1979." Department of Natural
Resources Bureau of Coastal Data Acquisition.
Edwards, N., 1993. Department of Environmental Protection, Cleremont Office.
Personal Communication.
Hine, AC., Mearns, D.L, Davis, Jr., R.A, and Bland, M., 1986. "Impact of Florida's
Gulf Coast Inlets on the Coastlll Sand Budget. II Prepared for Florida
Department of Natural Resources, Division of Beaches and Shores.
.
"
.H.
REFERENCES CONTINUED
i '
a, '
Jarrett, J.T., 1976. "rulal Prism - Inlet Area Relationships." Gm Report 3. U.S.
Army Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg, Missouri.
l!<-,,"
Lynch-Blosse, M.A, 1977. "Inlet Sedimentation at Dunedin and Hurricane Passes,
PinelLas County, Florida." Thesis for the Department of Geology, University
of South Florida.
. ,
IL,:
Lynch-Blosse, M.A., and Davis, Jr., R.A, 1977. "Stability of Dunedin and Hurricane
Passes, Florida." Coastal Sediments '77. Fifth Symposium of the Waterway,
Port, Coastal and Ocean Division of ASCE. Charleston, South Carolina.
". .
I I
"
Newman, R.J., 1983. "Cleanvater Pass Glossary of Inlets Report #12." Report
Number 56. Florida Sea Grant College.
fi
~.
O'Brien, M.P., 1969. "Equilibrium Flow Areas of Inlets on Sandy Coasts." ASCE
Journal of the Waterways and Harbors Division. Vol. 59, No. WWl, pp. 43-
52.
t '
:;, I
t:;.1
PIANC, 1980. "Permanent IntertUltionalAssociation of Navigation Congress' Intenuztion
Committee for the Reception of Large Vessels Group IV Bulletin #35."
lie-!
"';..1
Pinellas County, 1990. Dunedin Pass Joint Application for Works in the Waters of
Florida.
1 ,,~
It.d
~: !
Rosen, D.S., 1976. ''Beach and Nearshore Sedimentation on Caladesi Island State
Park, Pinel/as County, Florida." Thesis for the Department of Geology,
University of South Florida.
~"..
~,
,.
t!'{,l
Ross, B.E., Dorzback, H.L., 1986. "The Pinel/as Coast Inlet Study Part One -
Dunedin Pass." Center for Mathematical Models, University of South Florida.
, .
'H~
USACE, 1985. "Dunedin and Hurricane Passes, Pinellas County, Florida, Detailed
Project Report, Improvements for Smal/ Boat Navigation and Environmental
Assessment." Jacksonville District.
t:"'::,;I
USACE, 1977. "Feasibility Report on Navigation Improvements at Dunedin Pass,
Pinellas County Florida." Jacksonville District.
IQ.;,\l
In'"
l!!B.l
6-2
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'.., ,'"";,,,..' ,,,,'! ,,',:. c.::':> '-;.;,\} :/. ",,' , ,;e;,:.,,;-.:
,',..;;,"':.'.,..,,;;>,L,: ",>.' ,'>,;,,; '/.'J..:J.':, ,," C,"" : ,.,,;: :.:"'" ,":,.," ~,' ,>', c.',",
.":', '::;,':;:};';JL. ::: ';'<,: q.", , ",,'..,", ,"~;;' . 'j':<::': ::;. ': :,.,...:, :;, ;",' ;,', ':",';,,"/,>,E-< ',,:", ,..' '/:; ":;. ,;, "
','~:';:; :,'<:, ,'.,;". :.:. :". . ':' ,., . "::' '"':":,,,....:;' . ;,::,':':.. ',;::':."': in .,' " 73::...~.::: ."" .., jX:' ,;,;,;",".,' ::,',"",,'
;,' , : \,:;;'ir'/ .' '~'" ;": :',;;~,/;/",':; '." , }.;}'.';:"; ,:,'::' .:;; ;',:;",,;':: "i: " ,t )'{,.'.,
><";';:~tC,,",.~< " .:, :..., ;', '.. "':,';(J" ..:~:::;:;L:';:':{;; :,;1 ;:;..,;':',... ,'" "."i ".., ":",,,':':
.::Xi;". /.'...:"..;,:'.. '. ," ,,'.;,', ,:..:-,'<,," 'X';" 'C,;"" :,s""',.; "'i;;'"
,,' ",;" ' ,'" ">:.':;:..,.., ",,,;,.;': " )""<',
."., . " :. ~:.:::.' . . .;ii/!' ii', :.".; ".:'.'
REFERENCES CONTINUED .. ,. ":'~:", /:"..., ". iJ2i;>:C;~...:,'\,:,\:;<:,'~'.:f.".)\'y,;.,;. ,', ;;..'::'
, .. ,'< ", ,'...,::.';:;'':'.".", .',:'.'e;' :"'" "
: "" .':: ,',,' ,i'.:::.':,"<,p..'.. ..' . :;'.' . "', ',' ,'.');'.<;" "
.' ,,',', .'". {'.i..'. .,', ;, ". . :,; .".. ,': '.,: (",,:.):.; "
.'. <-0,._.<;',
Walther, M.P., and Douglas, B.D., 1993. "Ebb Shoal Borrow Area Recovery." Journal
of Coastal Research. Special Issue #18. .
USACE, 1966. "Beach Erosion Control Study onPinellas County,Florida. " Jacksonville :..
District. .'
Walton, Jr., T.L, 1976. "Littoral Drift Estimates Along the Coast of Florida. " Report
Number 13. Florida Sea Grant College.
Watson, D., 1993. Department of Environmental Protection, State Parks, Assistant,'
Park Manager. Personal Communication.
. !
'. ~ieman, J.C., and Zieman, R.T., 1989. "The Ecology of the Seagrass Meadows of the'
West Coast of Florida: A Community Profile." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.', ,',
dc,Biological Report 85 ((.25). 155 pages. ' ,
"
\ ""-.." .y~: i! \f~~~ ':,.:..,: . 7
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:~, 'c;:j:~}~~;;;"~K~i:~~f~i~:2,;",."".~~,_, TABLE OF CONTENTS ' '''.'C;';
.".. ,< ~t;t~;igi~~:f1:,f~t:.!;if;-".,,- : -' :;,/:.c
,'. ,':':;'" ,), :iL .<i:,',' , APPENDIX A .;\' .2'" ."... ?:'
", 4':,"\."::;:;',.; ;"'0 " ,
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:"'i{~yqb';' " ,': ~\j:;,;" '"F, )".;:~<'Y,'< '. '.,,:
General . . . . . . . .
Physical Characteristics ........
Sediment Budget . . . . .
Ebb Shoal ...........
Sediment Budget of Reopened Pass .....
Wind and Wave Climate ........
Sediment Characteristics
Man-Made Structures
Shoreline Change
Stability and Hydraulic Characteristics . . . .
Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . .
, Stability of a New Pass ........
References .......
. . .
A-l
A-l
A-2
A-7
A-7
A-9
A-9
A-16
A-16
A-19
A-23
A-27
A-28'
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~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;..:/:~!::..:~.~:::..,:/};~.:.: ._,
'.;. 'A2 Apparent Sediment Dispersal Patterns at Dunedin Pass as .' . ",':;> G
' Determined from Current, Bathymetric, Bedform, and ,I <
Surface Circulation Data (Circa 1975) ................... A-6 .' " _ b.1
November, 1993 Offshore Bathymetry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . - A-B." 'Ji
Core Log and tiN" Blow Counts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-l1 'IX
Geological Cross-Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-14 < '", ~. ,',
~~~~rin/h~C:::a~~ f~r' D~~dh; P~~s' · . · . . · . ., . .. · · · A-IS '.., ,.... .....lJ
and Hurricane Pass . . , . · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17i;",~ f' "
St. Joseph Sound Tide Data ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-20",,:', ::::;,; ,t,~;
Current Velocity Data at Dunedin Pass .................. A-22c,.,~J. ::,
Channel Cross-Section (A) and Measured Tidal Currents (B) ,. '<'};".-' ;'<C,':r;'
at Dunedin Pass. . .. . ... ... . ... . .. . ... . .. . ... . .. . . .. A-24-;:~?" ".:};,~r,
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AI, "Predicted Transport Rates (Cubic YardslYear) . . . . '.':'t~~:;:;,:-r;. . .n.'::~..~:A_4 -'
A2 Soil Investigations .............................. ~'. ... . ~ .. ~ 'A-9'
A3 Sediment Data From Cores ............................ . . . .A-12 -'
A4 Summary of Grain-Size Analysis of Sediments from Dunedin Pass ... A-13
AS MHWL Feet from Monument .............................. A-18
A6
A7
A8 Calculated Maximum Velocities Through Inlets
(Tides for Month of August, 1984) . . . . . . . . . .. .,..:'~_.~'.,.~ ~,..:.~. ,/} -2"~<
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Maximum Measured Current Velocities ....................... A-21
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General: Appendix A contains the information required under Chapter 16B-41.008
(1) (m) for a coastal construction permit.
Physical Characteristics: Dunedin Pass, previously known as Big Pass, is located
along the barrier island system of Pinellas County. The pass separated Caladesi
Island and Clearwater Beach Island and previously connected Clearwater Harbor to
the Gulf of Mexico (see Figure 1.1). Hurricane Pass is located approximately 3 miles
north of Dunedin Pass and Clearwater Pass is located approximately 4 miles south
of Dunedin.
"
f
Clearwater Beach Island is immediately south of the pass and is a developed island
connected to the mainland by the Memorial Causeway (State Road 60) which was
constructed in 1925 - 1926. Caladesi Island, to the north, is a State park which was
only accessible by boat prior to the closure of Dunedin Pass. Caladesi Island is
predominately undeveloped. Tidal flow through historical Dunedin Pass created a
channel which extends to the Intracoastal Waterway (ICWW) along the eastern side
of Clearwater Harbor. Nautical charts dating back to 1883 indicate a navigable inlet
at Dunedin Pass (LYNCH-BLOSSE and DAVIS, 1977 and DEMIRPOLAT,
et aI, 1987).
~
~,
In the late 1800's, Dunedin Pass appears on nautical charts as Big Pass; at that time,
the pass was the predominant influence over the entire Clearwater Bay and St.
Joseph Sound tidal area (HINE, et ai, 1986). In 1921, a hurricane breached what
was known as Hog Island to form Hurricane Pass; the northern portion of Hog
Island is now known as Honeymoon Island and the southern portion of Hog Island
is now known as Caladesi Island. Hurricane Pass diverted tidal flow away from
Dunedin Pass. This tidal diversion contributed to shoaling in the channel at
Dunedin Pass. Memorial Causeway, to Clearwater Beach Island, was completed in
1926, isolating Dunedin Pass from Clearwater Pass to the south. Between 1926 and
1950, Hurricane Pass continued to exchange the majority of the tidal prism for this
area and Dunedin Pass began to migrate (HINE, et aI, 1986). In September, 1950,
a major hurricane struck the Pinellas County area and considerable shoaling
occurred at both Dunedin Pass and Hurricane Pass (L YNCH-BLOSSE and DAVIS,
1977); both passes experienced increased migration and spit growth.
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In 1958, the dredge and flu construction of Island Estates began between Dunedin
Pass and the Memorial Causeway. This caused additional reduction in the tidal
prism. The Honeymoon Island Causeway was constructed during 1960 - 1963 and
separated Clearwater Bay from St. Joseph Sound. Hurricane Pass subsequently
controlled the majority of the tidal flow at the north end of Clearwater Harbor; the
cross-sectional area of Dunedin Pass decreased (HINE, et aI, 1986).
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In the 1960's and 1970's, Dunedin Pass continued to migrate towards the north and
the south end of Caladesi Island eroded. As the pass continued to migrate north,
shoaling increased and in 1979, all navigational aids marking the pass were
discontinued (pINELLAS COUNTY, 1990); however, small vessels continued to use
the pass. The hurricane season of 1985 (Elena, Kate, Tropical Storm Joan) caused
substantial shoaling within Dunedin Pass and prevented any navigation of the pass.
Hurricane Elena eroded any remaining portion of the ebb shoal and the inlet began
to close (DAVIS and GmEAUT, 1990). These storms most likely transported the
sediment remaining in the ebb shoal into the mouth of the pass. The tidal flows
through the pass were not strong enough to scour out the storm deposited sediments
and permanent shoals formed at the pass. These shoals further reduced the tidal
flows through the pass resulting in increased sedimentation and by 1988, the pass
was completely closed.
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Sediment Budget: The magnitude and direction of sand transport in the region of
Dunedin Pass are important design parameters for a reopened pass. These transport
parameters are also difficult values to quantify. At the historical Dunedin Pass, the
net transport direction could be reliably determined, but the transport magnitude
was much more difficult to reliably determine.
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The segment of shoreline including the project area from Anclote Key south to
Indian Rocks Beach at the western extremity of Sand Key represents a single large
longshore drift cell (LYNCH-BLOSSE, 1977 and BRUUN et al, 1958). Local
sedimentation patterns occur at inlets within this cell. Longshore transport
computed from offshore wave data predicts a net transport to the south (USACE,
1985; NEWMAN, 1983). Historical migration of the inlet and sedimentological data
indicate drift reversals, and a net transport from south to north at the historical pass
(L YNCH-BLOSSE, 1977; ROSEN, 1976; USACE, 1985).
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Lynch-Blosse (1977) theorized that the down-drift offset at Dunedin Pass resulted
from circulation patterns, drift reversals, and an unusually high rate of beach ridge
formation on Caladesi Island. The study also reported that wave sheltering and
refraction due to the ebb shoal resulted in a net accumulation of sediment on the
downdrift beach on Caladesi Island. This transport resulted in the growth of large
shoals which became emergent and eventually welded to the shoreline. It was also
noted that during the 1970's, as shoals were forming on the north side of the pass,
the northern migration rate of the pass increased. The report hypothesized that the
increased rate of migration and some deepening of the channel was a reaction of the
pass to "attain equilibrium. "
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A-2
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The closure of the pass was nlost likely due to ebb shoal sediments being transported
into the pass, as the pass was becoming more narrow due to decreased tidal prism
and increased northern migration. The ebb shoal volume was too large for the
hydraulic capacity of the pass. Eventually, the tidal currents at the pass were not
strong enough to scour out material that was washed into the pass.
Another feature affecting the transport processes at Dunedin Pass is the change in
shoreline orientation between Caladesi Island to the north and Clearwater Beach
Island to the south. Clearwater Beach Island, adjacent to the historic pass, is
orientated approximately north-south. Caladesi Island, adjacent to the historic pass,
is orientated approximately 20 degrees from true north in a northeast to southwest
direction. This large change in shoreline orientation (neglecting inlet affects) tends
to cause longshore transport gradients resulting in erosion of material at the pass.
Waves out of a southwest quadrant will cause a northerly transport gradient such
that less material is transported from Clearwater Beach Island towards the pass than
material is transported away from the pass along Caladesi Island. Similarly for
waves out of a northwest quadrant, less southerly transport reaches the pass from
Caladesi Island than is directed away from the pass along Clearwater Beach. Thus,
if the pass and ebb shoal were never present at this location, longshore transport
processes would tend to erode the beaches to "smooth" the shoreline.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers estimated the longshore transport in the vicinity
of Hurricane and Dunedin Passes using average ocean swell and average wind waves
observed in deep water off of Tampa Bay (USACE, 1985). This analysis also
included longshore transport estimates based on littoral drift roses (WALTON,
1976). Table A.t presents predicted transport rates from wave data and littoral drift
roses (LDR) from the north end of Honeymoon Island to the south end of
Clearwater Beach Island (USACE, 1985). Figure At presents a graphical deposition
of the reported transport rates for the region.
Both transport analysis (wave and LDR) were based on the orientation of the north
end of Clearwater Beach Island which is approximately due north and the
orientation of the south end of Caladesi Island which is approximately 20 degrees
east of north. The transport estimates by the USACE indicate a gross transport of
195,275 cubic yards to 183,295 cubic yards per year south of the pass and 235,425
cubic yards to 163,805 cubic yards per year north of the pass. The range of
estimates account for different predicted gross transport based on wave data and
littoral drift roses. The littoral drift rose predictions agree with those by Newman
(1983) who predicted a gross transport rate of 195,275 cubic yards per year for the
northern end of CleaIWater Beach Island and 154,000 cubic yards per year at
Clearwater Pass. Based on this range of gross transport and based on the transport
ratio methodology (WALTER and DOUGLAS, 1993), up to 165,000 cubic yards year
are projected to deposit within the channel. 1be estimated maintenance dredging
cost would be approximately $514,()()().
A-3
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TABLE A.1: PREDICTED TRANSPORT RATES (CUBIC YARDSIYEAR)
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.:.:;:::.:.:;: ,::.':,:;:-.,:::..:':.:.>:': ::.,: :- . .:: :":.~;:::: :::';:
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, :;,>/.:::::Bcii~h:::'CJli
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....:::';\::.:..:.;.:;.:::;.:.:,':::.::::::
. . . . , . . . . . . .
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. .... ..... ",' . ....
" . ,...... ... ... " ." . .. .,"
:::<:::/Nortb:,:?-: Y;;South::,
.... ..,.. .
.....,
Honeymoon Island
R-8 to R-12
79,8351
(116,800)2
61,195
(51,100)
53,015
( 49,275)
33,500
(54,750)
39,015
(65,700)
61,195
(51,100)
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Caladesi Island
R-18 to R-20
R-20 to R-22
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1) Numbers not in parenthesis
are based on wave data.
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Source: USACE, 1985
h...j
ft "
/100..1
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, ,Littoral,Drin
71,780
(87,600)
122,100
(144,175)
133,645
(153,300)
128,940
(160,600)
124,790
(169,725)
122,100
(144,175)
-8,055
-(29,200)
60,905
(93,075)
80,630
( 104,025)
95,440
(105,850)
85,775
( 104,025)
60,905
(93,075)
151,615
(204,400)
183,295
(195,275)
186,660
(202,575)
162,440
(215,350)
163,805
(235,425)
183,295
(195,275)
2) Numbers in parenthesis are based
on littoral drift roses.
These swash platfonns at the historical pass were supratidal (at times emergent) and
periodically migrated landward (L YNCH-BLOSSE, 1977) which produced "a
continuing process of offshore bar Jonnation and shoreward migration" ... resulting ... "in
the gulfward advance of shorelines immediately adjacent to .Dunedin Pass" (USACE,
1977).
Comparison of 1950 historical bathymetric charts and surveys performed in 1976
indicate a net gain of material from the north end of CleaIWater Beach Island to the
north end of Honeymoon Island (L YNCH-BLOSSE, 1977). The sediment circulation
patterns for Dunedin Pass for circa 1975 are shown in Figure A.2 for ebb and flood
tidal flows. Lynch-Blosse found that sediment was directed from offshore towards
both the north and south beaches during flood tide and that during ebb tide current
eddies generated a return flow on the north side which also directed sediment from
offshore towards the north beach. Lynch-Blosse concluded that a continuous
addition of sediments to the north beach occurred thus creating the downdrift offset
and resulting in landward migration of ebb shoals which would attach to the south
shoreline. The landward migration of sediment at the pass was apparent by the
presence of swash platforms and spits on both the downdrift and updrift beaches.
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A-4
85,775
(104,025)
t
60,905
(93,075)
t
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HONEYMOON
I S LAN D
t
V 71.780 WAVE
t (87,600 LOR)
t
t
61,195 WAVE
(51,100 LOR)
122,100 WAVE
(, 44,175 LOR)
+ 39,015 WAVE
A (65,700 LOR)
tr 124,790 WAVE
t (169,725 LOR)
DUNEDIN
PASS
~ 61,195 WAVE
A (51,100 LOR)
tr 122,100 WAVE
t (144,175 LOR)
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t Transport to the South ey/yr
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WAVe Transport based on Wave Dota
Transport based on LIHorol Drift
ROles
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CLEARWATER.
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Sediment Budget
Figure A.l
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Ebb Shoal: The historic pass had a very large ebb shoal; in 1880 - 1885 the ebb
shoal volume was estimated to have been approximately 8.8 x 106 cubic yards
(DAVIS and GffiEAUT, 1990). Figure A3 depicts the offshore bathymetry as
surveyed in November, 1993 for this study. The remnants of the former ebb shoal
can be seen offset to the south offshore of Clearwater Beach Island. This feature
is most noticeable by the position of the 10 foot contour.
The historical Dunedin Pass had a asymmetrical ebb tidal delta which varied in size
from 8.8 x 106 cy in 1880 - 1885 to 1.2 x 1cr cy in 1984 (DAVIS and GffiEAUT,
1990). The reported volumetric loss in the ebb shoal from 1950 to 1984 is 7.6 million
cubic yards. This represents an annual change of approximately 223,000 cubic yards.
The majority of the former ebb shoal landward of the 9 or 10 foot contour is no
longer present and most likely has migrated landward. Historic bathymetric charts
for the Dunedin area for the 1970's and 1980's indicate that the 4 foot to 6 foot
contour was approximately 2,000 feet offshore and the 12 foot contour was 4,000 feet
offshore (ROSEN, 1976; L YNCH-BLOSSE, 1977; DAVIS and GffiEAUT, 1990).
The 6 foot contour in 1993 was 150 to 250 feet offshore and the 12 foot contour was
2,000 to 2,500 feet offshore. The ebb shoal appears to be offset towards the south
or the reported downdrift direction. This offset would be consistent with the
reported theoretical net transport direction, but conflicts with the observed northern
migration of the pass. The appearance of the offset could be due to the pass
migrating towards the north and the southern extremity of the ebb shoal becoming
offset relative to the "moving" pass. The availability of sediment on the southern
shoreline from the ebb shoal could have provided a readily available source of
material for the northern spit growth.
As the ebb shoal decreased in size, the pass's throat cross-sectional area decreased
from 13,986 if in 1880 - 1885 to 753 ft2 in 1986 (DAVIS and GmEAUT, 1990). For
a proposed new pass of a minimum throat cross-section of 1,490 ft2, Dean (1990)
estimated an equilibrium ebb tidal shoal volume of approximately 377,000 ey.
Sediment Budget of Reopened Pass: Existing literature does not provide a definite
quantification of a sediment budget for a reopened pass. It is clear that any new
pass will trap significant amounts of longshore sediments. The historical pass
migrated towards the north accumulating material on the Gulf shoreline fronting
adjacent portions of Caladesi and Clearwater Islands, and in an ebb shoal. The
historical pass eroded the southern extremity of Caladesi Island which formed the
northern boundary of the throat of the pass. An unstabilized new pass would most
likely tend to migrate towards the north, trap material in a navigational channel and
. ,
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November 1993 Offshore Bathymetry
Figure A.3
A-8
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.
shoals, and possibly form offshore sand bars or spits. Table At (see page A.4)
shows a range of predicted gross transport rates of 163,805 to 235,425 cubic yards
per year for the project area. It is anticipated that a new pass would initially
impound a large portion of the gross transport and, in time, impound an ever
decreasing portion of the gross transport as shoals mature and adjacent shorelines
approach equilibrium.
K.
Wind and Wave Climate: The prevailing winds at the Dunedin Pass area are from
the northeast and north during the winter months and from the east and south for
the remainder of the year (US ACE, 1985; NEWMAN, 1983). Tabulated wave data
(USACE, 1985; NEWMAN, 1983) are in general agreement with the offshore wind
data; it was found that the largest percentage of onshore swell is from the southwest.
The USACE (1985) stated that ". . . waves affecting the Dunedin Pass study area rarely
exceeded a height of 6 feet atui generally average less than 3 feet with a period oj about
5 seconds. tf
,
"
Sediment Characteristics: Six soil investigations have been conducted in the
Dunedin project area. These soil investigations are summarized in Table A.2. These
studies indicate the following:
#
"
1)
2)
Silt and mud is accumulating on the channel bottom to form a thin silt
layer;
Below the surficial silt layer, there exists a layer of beach compatible
sand from approximately -13' MLW to -16' MLW.
"
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TABLE A.2: SOIL INVESTIGATIONS
~' i
>Da~;;:
.. ., Comments
1990 Central Florida Testing Laboratories - Standard
penetration test in "new" channel alignment
1989 Dr. Richard Davis - Sediment samples and cores at
Dunedin Channel and in the bay
1987 A&E Testing - Sediment samples and borings in
Dunedin Channel
1984 Central Florida Testing Laboratories - Sediment
samples and core borings in Dunedin Channel
1977 USF - Sediment and core log analysis for
sedimentation study of Dunedin and Hurricane Passes
1977 USACE - Sediment samples and core logs in the pass,
channel, and bay
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1990 - Central Florida Testing Laboratories: A standard penetration test
boring to a depth of 16.5 feet below existing grade was performed within the
"new" channel alignment proposed by Pinellas County. Soil samples were
taken at 1.5 feet increments and sieve analysis were performed. The core log
and "N' blow counts are shown in Figure A.4; sieve information is provided
in Appendix D. The sieve analysis results in an average of 2.2 percent passing
the number 200 sieve. All samples were classified as SP, poorly graded fine
sand (Uses SYSTEM). The lab concluded that "Results of testing show the
soils encountered to consist of slightly loose surficia4 non cohesive sands to a depth
of not over 1.5 feet followed by clean, medium dense, noncohesive sands and sands
with varying amount of shell fragments the remainder of the boring. "
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1989 - Dr. Richard Davis: Sediment samples were collected and analyzed at
locations in the project area. Five of these locations were from the Dunedin
Pass Channel, equally spaced from stations 2 to 4, and one station was in the
Gulf of Mexico.
~4
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Station
Location
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1
2
3w
3e
3
4
1 ()()' west of closed Dunedin Pass
1 ()()' inside closed Dunedin Pass
Along north bank of Dunedin Pass, 600' east of station 2
On the north bank of Dunedin Pass
In channel, by northern piles in Dunedin Pass
In channel, by marker 7 in Dunedin Pass approach
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The stations correspond to the numbered sampling stations used for the water
quality measurements. At station number 3, three samples were taken at the east,
west, and center of the channel. The analysis showed that the "... bottom sediments
are dombUlted by fine quality sand with secondary amounts of shell gravel and mud. II
The samples from Dunedin Pass had the highest amounts of mud of all the samples
taken.
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The analysis showed at Dunedin Pass that n... the general stratigraphy of the cores
shows mud at or near the top . . . " The cores showed that pelleted mud (which
passes through the intestinal tract of organisms) was accumulating in sheltered areas
of low energy. Table A.3 presents sediment data from the core logs indicating 21
percent to 89 percent mud in the upper sample of each core.
'-
A-10
~.,
.
CENTRAL FLORIDA TESTING LABORATORIES, Inc.
BORING LOG 11-'
Client: ________P_i.!l=~l~.:> _~o~.?~y_~~g!~:..eE~n!? .?-=pa.E!:lI!.eE~ _ _ __ Date: ___Ol=!.~-JQ __ ____
Job Location: __~'!.~~!!!J'.!l~~ ----- --- -- -- ------ - - -- - --- - -- - - - - - -- - -- - --- t.
Boril1~ No.:____J___ Boring Location:_~~~_~ls.eJ:~Q.__ _______ _ Ground Elev.:_EJCjf2.t.,i.ng___
Utho,....pby Ualfled Peaetratlon. Resistance
Blows Per Foot ..'
DepUa Descriptloa Lor Cl....
-
cr Gray ~ SaId wItt 1 2 3 50 70
SP
.,
SP
:2 ..
SP
SP t< ;
10 SP
>
. '
't". .
IX Gray F:ire Sard w/9lill SP
15 Gray F.ine Sam w~
SP
Botton of 1bring
> ;
* 1" Brown J.iJ.E SaOO
. .,
l!IpUtapooa: A.STM D 1518
I10ck Core: ASTat D %113
\i--.,.:l
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pc. .
f
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t
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. ...
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2C-1
2C-2
2C-3
2C-4
3WC-l
3WC-2
3WC-3
3C-l
3C-2
3C-3
3EC-l
3EC-2
3EC-3
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4C-2
r"
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TABLE A.3: SEDIMENT DATA FROM CORES
, .'
"Wt.:(g)H:
13.49
46.36
28.48
34.33
16.16
28.22
40.57
12.49
27.30
43.23
29.47
39.20
43.03
4.87
30.54
Source: Davis, 1989
... ..
%GraveL:%Salld ',..%Mud ..,'.
0.15
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.00
0.18
2.11
0.17
0.05
0.72
0.00
0.36
78.50
99.01
68.82
93.80
48.95
87.38
96.45
40.75
92.89
97.22
97.49
93.72
96.68
11.09
91.32
21.35
0.95
31.14
6.15
50.93
12.51
3.45
59.25
6.92
0.67
2.34
6.22
2.60
88.91
8.32
" ,
.. . P' ..... .
.. .. . . . . . . . .
.. .. ,... ... .
/%Tc:)t;()rg::.
2.58
0.07
3.93
0.61
5.79
1.34
0.35
7.20
0.80
0.05
0.31
0.78
0.30
8.71
0.76
:ijoOl'g~'M:ud .'.
12.06
7.65
12.61
9.93
11.37
10.69
10.14
12.14
11.54
7.78
13.10
12.50
11.54
9.79
9.08
1987 - A&E Testing: Eight core borings were obtained along the Dunedin
Channel floor in areas proposed for navigation dredging. The core logs
showed a surficial silt layer 12" to 18" deep on the channel bottom below
which beach compatible material was present to at least -13' MSL. The beach
compatible material contained 1 percent to 5 percent fines. The bottom silt
layer contained fines of approximately 12 percent and organic matter of 16
percen t.
......
.,-
1984 - Central Florida Testing Laboratories: A sand sieve analysis was
performed for seven locations - one in the Gulf outside the pass, one in
Dunedin Pass, five in the Dunedin Channel and approaches. The sieve
analysis showed 5 percent to 25 percent passing the number 200 sieve in the
Dunedin Channel and 15 percent to 75 percent passing the number 200 sieve
for samples in the ICWW.
L."
'~.
A-12
.
1977 - USF Inlet Sedimentation Study: Extensive sediment sampling was
performed in the Dunedin .Pass project area. The study found that the
channel sediments at Dunedin Pass mainly consisted of shell fragments. The
updrift and downdrift beaches had similar sediment composition. Table A.4
from this study presents the mean grain size, standard deviation, and skewness
in phi unit for different features at Dunedin Pass. It was found that gravel
and coarse sands (<0.0 <p) were located in the channel throat, coarse sand
(0.0-1.0 <p) was located on the updrift swash platform and outer bar, and
medium to fine sands dominated other inlet features. The sediment standard
deviation and skewness were correlated with the mean grain size.
1977 - USACE: Subsurface investigations were perfolmed for Dunedin and
Hurricane Passes. The study concluded that "The channel through Dunedin
Pass and northern interior channel again is primarily fine sands with areas of silt
and shell to be excavated. The channel through Dunedin Pass and the southern
interior channel would require removal of fine sand with traces of shell fragments. "
A geologic cross-section constructed from bore logs (Figure A.5), with the
core boring log locations shown in Figure A.6, indicates a maximum depth of
excavation in the project area of -13' to -15' MLW. Below these depths, rock,
sandstone, and limestone will be encountered.
TABLE A.4: SUMMARY OF GRAIN-SIZE ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM
DUNEDIN PASS
.. ...... . .
.. .. ."... . ..
. . , . . . . " ..... . ,. . . .'
::StibenVironmenf .' :#: Samples..' X(q,) ., [(mean )0(4))] .',,' , .,',.(mean ,Sk} ,
Channel Floor 13 0.13 1.74 0.30
Swash Platform (Updrift) 6 1.03 1.65 -026
Spit Bay/Cat-Eye Pond 6 1.28 1.70 -0.32
Swash Platform (Down drift) 8 1.45 1.54 -0.55
Subordinate Channels 5 1.46 1.43 -0.49
Channel Slope 18 1.69 1.38 -0.55
Terminal Lobe 4 2.52 0.88 -1.07
Spit Platform 11 2.54 0.90 -1.11
Ebb-Tidal Delta (Downdrift) 7 2.60 0.82 -1.05
Ebb-Tidal Delta (Updrift) 8 2.65 0.65 -1.02
Flood-Tidal Delta 6 2.81 0.62 0.84
Channel Margin Linear Bar 4 2.88 0.47 -1.11
All Environments 95 1.92 1.15 -0.51
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CLEARWATER. ,.,'
BEACH
ISLAND
o
e::::> c:::::J
HONEYMOON
ISLAND
.'," .'
,'.. .... .'....
HURRICANE
PASS
f ,.'
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CALADESI
ISLAND
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rjl~~~r~~&jEilJWn';}iM;;~i;:;;;J1'ic{i~ijil'J;i!;,;{(;,II
,...'......L E G END '....
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CLEARWATER
PASS
f;
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CLEARWATER
~. ,
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Core Boring Locations
W::i
Figure A.6
"',,",
A-15
't.c:,,"
~..
.
Man-Made Structures: Man-made structures influencing Dunedin Pass include:
1) Clearwater Memorial Causeway constructed in 1925 - 1926;
2) Island Estates (dredge and fill island development) constructed in
1950 - 1958;
and, 3) Dunedin Causeway constructed in 1960 - 1963.
/,.....".
"
The construction of the causeways and Island Estates has resulted in constrictions
which restrict the tidal exchange. The causeways construction sectioned off
Clearwater Harbor and, with the formation of Hurricane Pass, resulted in a
reduction of the tidal prism at Dunedin Pass (L YNCH-BLOSSE, 1977; DAVIS and
GmEAUT, 1989). The construction of Island Estates also contributed to the
reduction in tidal prism by reducing the ClealWater Harbor surface area and also by
constricting flow.
, ,
There do not appear to be any navigation or shore protection structures on the
adjacent beaches of Caladesi Island and Clearwater Beach Island. There is a small
jetty or groin on the south side of Clearwater Pass. Clearwater Beach Island, south
of Dunedin Pass, is heavily developed with primarily single family residences. Along
the Gulf of Mexico, most of the residences have constructed privacy walls along the
west side of their property. At the center of the island, approximately 2 miles south
of the pass, groins were constructed for shore protection. Along Clearwater Harbor,
the residences have constructed bulkheads and small docks. A navigable channel
with. water depths of 6 to 10 feet exists along the buIkheaded east side of Clearwater
Harbor.
l.........
Shoreline Change: The shorelines along Caladesi Island, north of the historic pass,
and ClealWater Beach Island, south of the historic pass, have typically been
accretional. Figure A.7 presents historical shoreline maps for the Dunedin Pass and
Hurricane Pass areas. Note the reference mark at each pass to help in determining
relative changes between different years. Tables A5 and A6 present historical
mean high water line data for DNR monuments north and south of the pass, and
shoreline changes for different time periods.
\......-
The shoreline along the southern end of CleaIWater Beach Island has fluctuated due
to the influence of Clearwater Pass; however, the shoreline of central Clearwater
Beach Island has remained relatively stable. The northern end of Clearwater Beach
Island has been influenced by Dunedin Pass; the shoreline trends have been
dominated by elongation and spit growth from northern migration of the pass. As
can be seen in Figure A. 7, the northern migration of the pass exceeded the erosion
of the southern tip of Caladesi Island, and the spit in fact migrated across the
historic pass.
A-16
.
N
Ol
N
Ol
o
~
N
Ol
o
(J1
80. 50'
o
-
Reference
Point
t,
~
A
80. 49'
Ho~h
1883
o
.
1 OOOm
.
..0
~
\II
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1926
~
c:.
""
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.,
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c
"
1950
o
\11
\11
r
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'f".:t
1970
~ ,-;
E
t.
Source:Lynch-Blosse. 1977
1976
Historical Shoreline Maps for Dunedin Pass
and Hurricane Pass
\<",
Figure A.7
A-17
Caladesi Island and Honeymoon Island were previously attached and known as Hog
. Island. In 1921, a hurricane breached Hog Island forming Hurricane Pass. The
portion of Hog Island north of the beach became known as Honeymoon Island and
the portion south of the pass became known as Caladesi Island. Caladesi Island has
rotated in a clockwise direction subsequent to the formation of Hurricane Pass. The
north end of the island has eroded due to the development of Hurricane Pass and
the south end of the island has accreted due to shoals at Dunedin Pass attaching to
the shoreline. The southwest end of Caladesi Island historically experienced erosion
due to channel scour at the former Dunedin Pass.
('"
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TABLE A.5: MHWL FEET FROM MONUMENT
l..
f"
. .. . . .
/"M6ririiti~ti:::::\::i87.3.<,/:.':.:'.19~t/:.:.J.943>': .:'::1974':';:I:::::::l9iS,}.::;:;::t987 I :.&)3\:;
i
I:"
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
", ^
I
"},.....'
r
I...,
~.
I
!
.----.
r
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
i
;..,~
'-'
l.......
r'
......'
256
-136.16
-222.36
96.89
-3.64
37.9
24.8 175.55
-34.96 219.66
261.5
361.6
39.63 261.29
83.22 376.38 393.95 395.09 447.9
-481.47 -71.22 131.51 220.92
-605.59 -207.2 201.77 85.09
-400.79 -111.45 173.31 225.91
-35.5
-79.99
-6.84
48.71
64.69
53.38
346
285.3
270
94.9
200 146.12
-461.45 -135.27 134.85 76.67 43.11
Dunedin Pass
129.73
244.6
402.4
414.3
420
360
497.7
539.2
198.6
107.9
317-59 117.35 186.36 141.64
151.89 -302.12 .325.34 24.46
41.45
191.26
238.96
-41.98
69.79
29.74 17208 330.01
-92.7 131.87
-55.22 284.71
46.26 289.79
7.89 67.37
53.69 42.05
232 294.99
74
A-18
..
TABLE A.6: MHWL CHANGE (FT)
.
:::::M~~~r;.~ni; ):187itOi926 1926 to 1943 1943 to 1974 1974 to 1993
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
94.33
132.62
260.26
410.25
398.39
289.34
326.18
-72.('9
-31.42
45.32
202. 73
408.97
284.76
270.12
150.75
254.62
293.16
89.41
-116.68
52.6
-58.18
Dunedin Pass
29
221.66
-200.24
-454.01
-35.5
-121.44
-198.1
-190.25
106.67
-16.38
-261.29
69.01
.23.22
65.24
-12. 71
-48.38
-2.45
-56.8
0.31
129.73
-44.72
349.8
142.34
224.57
339.93
243.53
59.48
-11.64
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
..
85.95
141. 94
71.52
125.08
200.21
44.09
18.23
..
t
..
,", .
t ~
f '
114.87
260.76
389.84
247.92
228.13
212.99
249.41
131.23
65.85
't, ,
t
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Presently, both the north and south shorelines are experiencing accretion. Review
of DNR aerials flown in 1990 indicates that the majority of the accretion occurred
between 1987 and 1990. The average shoreline change north of the former pass
(R-28 and R-22) between 1974 and 1993 was 98.1 feet or 5.2 feet per year. The
average shoreline change south of the former pass (R-29 to R.37) between 1974 and
1993 was 211.2 feet or 11.12 feet per year.
Stability and Hydraulic Characteristics: Tides along the northern shorelines of
Pinellas County are mixed, asymlnetriC<ll, semi-diurnal, and diurnal with a neap tide
range of 1.6 feet and a spring tide range of 3.9 feet (L YNCH-BLOSSE, 1977).
Figure A.8 presents tidal elevation data for October 27, 1977, measured by the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers (USACE, 1977). The elevations of the interior gages is
almost identical to the elevation of the ocean gauge and the Ing time (about 3 hours)
between the ocean gauge and the interior gages is approximately the same for all the
interior gauges.
A-19
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A-20
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G."
In 1977, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers measured currents at seven locations
around Dunedin Pass (USACE, 1977) over two complete tidal cycles on October 26
and 27. The current gauge locations are shown in Figure A5. Table A.7 presents
the maximum flood and ebb current velocities.
G ,,"
TABLE A.7: MAXIMUM MEASURED CURRENT VELOCITIES
II:
Maximum Velocity (rt/sec) ", ' " ,
Station
, Number Flood "Ebb"
1 0.88 1.28
2 1.83 1.77
3 1.72 1.83
4 1.63 1.77
5 1.22 0.89
6 1.48 0.50
7 1.20 1.42
Source: USACE, 1984
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The data indicated that the velocity and tidal flow through Dunedin Causeway
(immediately north of Hurricane Pass) lagged flow through Hurricane and Dunedin
Passes and the Clearwater Causeway by about 4 hours on ebb tide and 1 hour on
flood tide. The maximum current velocities for Hurricane Pass and Dunedin Pass
were very similar. However, at Dunedin Pass, flood currents were no faster than ebb
currents and at Hurricane Pass, flood currents were slower than ebb currents.
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Current data was also measured in 1975 by the University of South Florida at 6
locations in Dunedin Pass (L YNCH-BLOSSE, 1977; L YNCH-BLOSSE and DAVIS,
1977). This data (Figure A.9) indicated that at the mouth of the pass, ebb current
velocities exceeded flood current velocities by approximately 1 foot per second. This
study also concluded that:
1) flow leaving the main channel is directed to the south west;
2) . tidal currents in the asymmetrical main channel are quite clearly
channelized;
currents in the marginal channel show no ebb or flood dominance;
the average maximum ebb current velocity was 2.13 feet per second;
the average maximum flood current velocity was 2.10 feet per second;
the duration of the ebb phase constitutes 60 percent of the tidal cycle.
("'.:1
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Current Velocity Data at Dunedin Pass
Figure A. 9
A-22
.
Figure AI0 indicates the surveyed channel cross-section and the measured tidal
currents in 1989. The data indicated that a distinct tidal cycle existed (even though
the pass appeared to be closed) and that maximum flood current velocities were .26
feet per second and that maximum ebb current velocities were .29 feet per second.
The measured tidal currents for Hurricane Pass were very similar to these measured
in 1975 (LYNCH-BLOSSE, 1977) at approximately 2.3 feet per second for both ebb
and flood flow. The USF study also measured currents at Hurricane Pass and
concluded that flood current velocities were greater than ebb current velocity, and
that the ebb phase duration was slightly longer than the flood phase.
t
Tidal currents were also measured in January, 1989 at Dunedin Pass, Hurricane
Pass, Willy's Cut, North Willy's Cut, and the Dunedin Causeway (DAVIS, 1989).
Even though Dunedin Pass seemed to be completely closed to tidal exchange,
measurements indicated some tidal flow in the channel.
.',
:,
.. ,
This study also found that the tidal currents at Dunedin Causeway to Honeymoon
Island were different for the east and west bridges. At the west bridge opening
adjacent to Honeymoon Island, the currents were strong and related to the currents
at Hurricane Pass; ebb flow was towards the south and flood flow towards the north.
At the east bridge opening at the ICWW, the currents were weak and related to the ,{ ,
open sound to the north; ebb flow was towards the north and flood flow was towards
the south.
If! '
Stability: Dunedin Pass was obviously an unstable inlet as evidenced by its closure
in 1988. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE, 1977) prepared a stability
curve for Dunedin Pass in 1977; this analysis indicated that the pass was within a
stable range with a measured cross-section of 1,816 ft2. The study concluded that
"The high factor of inlet resistance for Dunedin Pass due to the long channel with low
hydraulic radius is an indication that further northward migration or extreme stonn
conditions with accompanying high sediment transport rates could alter the existing stable
conditions." These conditions, as stated above, did occur, and resulted in the closure
of the Pass as stated by Dean (1990), "It is clear that the Pass has shoaled from the
south with closure occurring due to filling in of the south side of the channel. Also, the
closure occurred fairly rapidly and was probably influenced substantially by the hurricane
season of 1985 . . . "
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Two numerical models have been performed to determine what, if any, conditions
need to be present at Dunedin Pass to result in a stable inlet. Ross and Dorzback
(1986) performed a study for Pinellas County to assess the affect of proposed
improvements of the navigation channel by use of the University of South Florida's
Center for Mathematical Models - hydrodynamic model of Clearwater Harbor. The
model was calibrated using the 1977 tidal current information obtained by the
USACE. The study simulated tidal flow in and out of Hurricane Pass, Dunedin
\1
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A-23
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Pass, Clearwater Pass, and through nearby causeways. The authors used an inlet
stability method proposed by Jarret (1976) which cODlpares the minimum cross-
sectional area of an inlet to a spring tidal prism. The analysis concluded that
"Dunedin Pass can be restored to a stable condition by enlarging the present submerged
cross-section to 3,000 square feet. . . " The numerical modelling predicted that the
above mentioned enlargement would result in a tidal prism of 166,000,000 cubic feet.
"'
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Figure A 11 shows the predicted stability curve for Dunedin Pass and shows the
predicted changes in tidal prisms for Hurricane Pass and Clearwater Pass as the
cross-section at Dunedin Pass is varied. Ross and Dzorback (1986) concluded that
if a stable section was maintained at Dunedin Pass that ''No adverse effect upon either
Cleanvater or Hurricane Pass is expected. An improvement in tidal prism, hence flushing
for the whole ClealWater Harbor, is expected."
" ,
, ,
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Dean (1990) used a one-dimensional model to study the stability characteristic of
reopening Dunedin Pass. This study used a cross-section of 1,490 ft2 (as proposed
by Pinellas County) to determine the required hydraulic conditions at the pass to
maintain a stable inlet. Relationships between tidal prism and the minimum cross-
section for stable inlets as developed by O'Brien (1969) and Jarrett (1976) were used
to determine the required tidal prism and a velocity of 2.4 feet per second.
i,
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The model used a tidal elevation record from Clearwater Beach for August 1984 as
the tidal-driving function for the model. The study results found that for the ten
largest velocities (for the model run corresponding to one month) that only five (5)
of the ten largest velocities at a "reopened" Dunedin Pass would maintain a stable
inlet. Table A.8 presents these results and results of other model runs. The study
found that even though a reopened Dunedin Pass had higher tidal velocities than
Hurricane Pass, that the predicted tidal prism for Hurricane Pass of 192,000,000 fe
to 236,000,000 ff was higher than the predicted tidal prism for Dunedin Pass of
58,000,000 tt3 to 73,000,000 ff. The modeling results indicate that approximately 60
percent of the tidal prism for Clearwater Harbor flows in and out of Clearwater Pass
with the remaining portion divided between 10 percent at Dunedin Pass and 30
percent at Hurricane Pass. The report stated that "The only way to stabilize the pass
without structures will be to remove sand from the south side of the pass where it is
expected to accumulate and transfer the sand to the north side."
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DUNEDIN PASS
VELOCITY vs AREA
· Flood
6 Ebb
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Area
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1000 2000 3000
Area (sq ft)
4000
Source:Ross and Dorzback. 1986
.....-
stability Curve for Dunedin Pass
r
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,,-...... TIDAL PRISMS or EACH PASS AS THE
{'~ ~ 1000 ~UNEDIN PASS AREA IS CHANGED
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......... "- o Dunedin
. 600 o Hurricane
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Dunedin Pass Throat Cross- Sectiona I Area ( ft2 )
Predicted Tidal Prisms of Each Pass vs.
Dunedin Pass Throat Area
'--
Figure A.ll
A-26
I,
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i
TABLE A.8: CALCULATED MAXIMUM VELOCITIES THROUGH INLETS
(TIDES FOR MONTH OF AUGUST, 1984)
:}::::::'-;::::.}::.:.::::::":,:-:.>:,.': ,.:..., : :'.::,;::..::':: ' :../:"..,<:, <':: ,.:..,',.: ;(;:. :R&Dked :Tenmgh~iyvel~ities (ft/s)...:;.:..,.. .~., ,....;',..;.<.,';'.
<::':'~:Iril~faridJ:ondlti~ns"-'-: ....,. .... ' " ., .;::.. ' ,; ",::: '>": :': .... ,
. "'"'' :'.':,..' :: '.':::,:':'.: ..:,: . . .': 1.' ':' ....2....:3.....-: ""'4" '.', ";'5. ' /',::6::-"1'7,, :.,'8 .:' ,::'9".;:, ';:":itf:::
Dunedin Pass Open,
Other Conditions
Current
a) Hurricane Pass 201
b) Clearwater Pass 2.80
c) Dunedin Pass 254
,'-
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1.98 1.90 1.90 1.90
277 261 259 259
251 251 245 2.40
1.87 1.83
2.54 251
237 2.36
1.82
2.48
2.34
1.81
2.42
232
1.79
2.41
2.25
J....,'
~. .
Dunedin Pass Closed,
Other Conditions
Current
a) Hurricane Pass 2.06
b) Clearwater Pass 284
Hurricane Pass Closed,
Dunedin Pass Open
a) Clearwater Pass 2.86
b) Dunedin Pass 272
,.,..
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203 1.95 1.93 1.93
2.81 2.80 2.65 2.65
1.90 1.88
2.63 2.59
1.85
2.56
1.85
2.54
1.83
2.48
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2.83 282 2.72 2.67
2.69 2.68 2.64 2.59
2.67 2.66
2.55 2.54
2.60
2.52
2.60
2.52
2.53
2.46
l ;
Source: Dean, 1990
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Stability of a New Pass: The modelling results of Dean (1990) and Ross and
Dorzback (1986) showed that a new pass or an improved historical pass would have
a minor impact upon the tidal prisms of Clearwater Pass and Hurricane Pass. Both
studies concluded that Clearwater Pass was the predominant means of tidal
exchange for Clearwater Harbor and that the tidal prism of Hurricane Pass would
be approximately twice that of an improved Dunedin Pass. The historical data and
eventual closure of Dunedin Pass have shown that the former pass was unstable.
These modeling studies indicate that even with improvements in conjunction with
a new pass, that the tidal hydraulics of Clearwater Harbor would not be substantially
altered. It is unlikely that a stable inlet could be maintained for a new pass at
Dunedin unless the tidal prisms of ClealWater Pass and Hurricane Pass were to be
significantly reduced.
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A-27
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REFERENCES
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I
APPENDIX A
,...
I
Bruun, P., Gerritsen, F., and Morgan, W.H., 1958. "Florida Coastal Problems,.
Engineering Progress at the University of Florida." Bulletin Series 101, pp 33-79.
r"
I
Davis, 1989. "Current Measurements and Sediment Analysis: Dunedin Pass and
Southern St. Joseph Sound, Pinellas County, Florida." Prepared for Pinellas
County Board of County Commissioners.
f1'-
I
, .
f'''
Davis, R.A, and Gibeaut, J.C., 1990. "Historical MOTphodynamics of Inlets in
Florida." Models for Coastal Zone Planning. Technical Paper ,55. Florida
Sea Grant College Program.
\,.
!'...
f
l....
Dean, R.G., 1990. "An Evaluation of the Reopening of Dunedin Pass." Prepared
for Pinellas County, ClealWater, Florida.
f....
.. ,-' ~
Demirpolat, S., Tanner, W.F., and Knoblauch, M., 1987. ''Historical Florida
Shorelines: An Atlas Pinellas County, 1873 - 1979." Department of Natural
Resources Bureau of Coastal Data Acquisition.
i.. ..
l...-
(,
,
Hine, A.C., Mearns, D.L, Davis, Jr., R.A, and Bland, M., 1986. "Impact of Florida's
Gulf Coast Inlets on the Coastal Sand Budget." Prepared for Florida
Department of Natural Resources, Division of Beaches and Shores.
'........
t'
.
~........Jt'
Jarrett, J.T., 1976. "Tuial Prism - Inlet Area Relationships." Gm Report 3. U.S.
Army WatelWays Experiment Station. Vicksburg, Missouri.
Lynch-Blosse, M.A, 1977. "Inlet Sedimentation at Dunedin ana Hurricane Passes,
PinelLas County, Florida." Thesis for the Department of Geology, University
of South Florida.
Lynch-Blosse, M.A, and Davis, Jr., R.A, 1977. "Stability of Dunedin and Hurricane
Passes, Florida." Coastal Sediments '77. Fifth Symposium of the Waterway,
Port, Coastal and Ocean Division of ASCE. Charleston, South Carolina.
Newman, R.I., 1983. "Clearwater Pass Glossary of Inlets Report #12." Report
Number 56. Florida Sea Grant College.
'-..'
A-28
.
,.-
t.f! -
REFERENCES CONTINUED
..."
t
O'Brien, M.P., 1969. "Equilibrium Flow Areas of Inlets on Sandy Coasts." ASCE
Journal of the WateIWays and Harbors Division. Vol. 59, No. WW1, pp. 43-
52.
&'''',
. ':;,
Pinellas County, 1990. Dunedin Pass Joint Application for Works in the Waters of
Florida.
, '
,:-- ~
Rosen, D.S., 1976. "Beach and Nearshore Sedimentation on Caladesi Island State
Park, PinelLas County, Floridil." Thesis for the Department of Geology,
University of South Florida.
t,
~'""
..
Ross, B.E., Dorzback, H.L., 1986. "The PinelLas Coast Inlet Study Part One -
Dunedin Pass," Center for Mathematical Models, University of South Florida.
It,;.
..' '
USACE, 1985. "Dunedin and Hurricane Passes, Pinellas County, Flon'da, Detailed
Project Report, Improvements for Small Boat Navigation and Environmental
Assessment." Jacksonville District.
~"
'-~. ;i
J '
,;
USACE, 1977. "Feasibility Report on Navigation Improvements at Dunedin Pass,
Pinellas County Florida," Jackso~ville District.
....",
USACE,1966. "Beach Erosion Control Study on Pinel/as County, Florida." Jacksonville
District.
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.....4'...
Walther, M.P., and Douglas, B.D" 1993. "Ebb Shoal Borrow Area Recovery," Journal
of Coastal Research. Special Issue #18.
..,,,,.
Walton, Jr., T.L., 1976. "Littoral Drift Estimates Along the Coast of Florida." Report
Number 13. Florida Sea Grant College.
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A-29
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TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
CHMHILL
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TO:
Michael Walther, P.E.lCoastal Technology Corporation
COPffiS:
Don HohneslCH2M HILL
Russ BowenlCH2M HILL
Steve CostalCH2M HILL
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FROM:
Rick GorsiralCH2M HILL
Jim Bays/CH2M HILL
,
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DATE: October 29, 1993
SUBJECT: Dunedin Pass Re-Opening: Phase I Water Quality and Sediment Sampling
Results
PROJECT: TPA36255.AO.WQ
!~'n ,
Introduction
\..-.
Coastal Technology Corporation (CTC) is currently directing the Phase I Pre-
Application/Concept Development of the Dunedin Pass Re-Opening Plan for the City of
Clearwater. As part of the Phase I scope of work, CH2M HILL was contracted by CTC
to conduct a limited survey of existing water quality conditions within the historic
Dunedin Pass located north of Clearwater Beach in Pinellas County, Florida. These data
were intended to provide a basis for a limited comparison to water quality data collected
at the same location in 1988, as well as a basis for developing a scope for performing a
more detailed water quality assessment of the effects of Pass re-opening.
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Sample Collection
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Water quality and sediment samples were collected on September 28, 1993 by CH2M
HILL scientists at the old Dunedin Pass in Clearwater, Florida Sampling was conducted
between 0830-1140 hours on a rising tide and 1400-1700 hours on a falling tide. Data
taken from local tide tables indicated that low and high tides were scheduled to occur
respectively at 0511 and 1125 hours in the morning, and 1738 and 2330 hours in the
afternoon.
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Station location and identification followed the same conventions as used during the 1988
sampling conducted by CH2M HILL, as shown on the sampling station map included in
Appendix B. Field measurements were taken at Stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and included
depth, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, conductivity, salinity, transparency, flow
direction and velocity and wind direction and velocity.
. . .
.' .':.'" . '. . ' .. '. . ~ ,
..
MEMORANDUM
Page 2
October 28, 1993
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Depth-composited water quality samples were collected at Stations 2 and 6 and surficial
sediment samples were taken at Stations 1 and 2 in accordance with CH2M mLL' s
FDEP-approved Comprehensive Quality Assurance Plan (CompQAP) No. 910036G for
Field Operations. Samples were preserved in the field and analyzed according to
CompQAP Plan No. 870121G for the CH2M HILL Gainesville Laboratory.
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The samples were shipped via certified carrier to the CH2M IllLL Gainesville laboratory
for analysis. The total and fecal coliform samples were delivered by courier to Savannah
Laboratories for analysis to meet the short holding times for microbiological analysis. No
problems were encountered in the field sampling and all holding times were met for all
samples.
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Results
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Water quality samples were analyzed for turbidity, chlorophyll ~ total kjeldahl nitrogen,
ammonia-nitrogen, total phosphorus, five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BODs) and
total and fecal coliforms. Sediment samples were analyzed for percent solids, bulk density
and the following 23 ICP metals: Ag, AI, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd" Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mo,
Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Zn. The analytical results and field parameters are
presented in Tables 1 through 4. Original data reports containing information on the
methods, holding times, and quality control are provided in Appendix A. Copies of field
notes and a map of sampling station locations are provided in Appendix B.
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Table 1
Analytical Results of Surface Sediments
Collected at Stations 1 and 2
Dunedin Pass, Clearwater, Florida
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STATION
Parameter Units 1 2
Physical parameters Detection Umit
Percent solids (%) 78.7 84.7 NA
Bulk density (glcm3) 1.74 1.73 NA
Metals
Aluminum 0.489 0.948 <0.05
Antimony <0.03 <0.03 <0.03
Arsenic <0.054 <0.054 <0.054
Barium 0.006 0.021 <0.002
Beryllium <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Boron <6.1 <6.2 <6.1
Cadmium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Calcium 115 239 <0.5
Chromium <0.000 0.018 <0.006
Cobalt <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Copper <0.000 <0.006 <0.006
Iron 0.37 1.17 <0.02
Lead <0.04 <0.04 <0.04
Magnesium 2.32 2.86 <0.05
Manganese 0.012 0.053 <0.002
Molybdenum <0.020 <0.020 <0.020
Nickel <0.015 <0.015 <0.015
Potassium <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Selenium <0.075 <0.075 <1.0
Silver <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Sodium 13.3 9.5 <0.005
Strontium 0.637 1.01 <0.05
Thallium <0.04 <0.04 <0.005
Tin <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Vanadium <0.005 0,013 <0.005
Zinc <0.005 0.018 <0.005
Legend:
Station 1 - Gulfside
Station 2 - Inside Dunedin Pass
All units are in mglkg unless otherwise stated
NA - Not applicable
Source: CH2M HILL, 1993
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Table 2
Water Quality Results of Stations 2 and 6
at Rising Low Tide (L) and at Falling High Tide (H)
Dunedin Pass, Clearwater, Florida
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ST A. TION
Parameter 2-l 2-H 6-L 6-H
Nutrients
Ammonia (as N) 0.13 0.06 0.05
Kjeldahl Nitrogen (asN) 0.75 0.04 0.03
Total Phosphorus (as P) 0.04 0.04 0.03
Oxygen Demand
BOD (5 day) 2.8 <2.0
Biological
Chlorophyll a (mg/cubic meter) 6.9 7.5
Tota! Coliform MF (coI/100m!) 85 <1
. Fecal Coliform MF (eeI/100ml) 33 <1
General
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Turbidity (NTU)
legend:
Station 2 - Inside Dunedin Pass
. Station 6 - At channel marker "12" near Pope Channel
All units are in mgll unless otherwise stated
Source: CH2M HILL. 1993
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Table 3
r- In Situ Parameters of Stations 1 through 6
L~ at Rising Low Tide (L)
Dunedin Pass, Clearwater, Florida
,.,..
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lha
Parameter 1 2 3 4 5 6
r-. Temperature (C) Surface 31.5 NO 28.8 29.0 29.3 29.1
! Mid 31.0 29.0 28.8 28.9 29.2 29.1
.
i_ Bottom NO NO NO 28.8 29.0 29.1
r-- .Conductivity (umhos) Surface 42500 NO 40750 41000 41750 41200
j ; Mid 42500 39500 42500 42800 43250 43000
....... Bottom NO NO NO 43000 43250 43200
Salinity(o/oo) Surface 25.5 NO 25.0 24.8 25.0 24.8
r"~ Mid 25.5 23.8 25.5 25.8 26.1 26.0
I Bottom NO NO NO 26.0 26.0 26.1
.....
00 (mgll) Surface 6,0 NO 4.6 4.8 4.7 4,3
- Mid 6,0 1.5 4.5 4.8 4.5 4.3
I
I i Bottom NO NO NO 4.8 4.5 4.3
!
..- Current Flow (ftIsec) Surface NO NO 0.6 0.6 0.9
0.8
Mid 0,7 NO 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8
,.... -~ Bottom NO NO NO 0.7 NO.
i 0.7
i
l,....: Current Flow Direction Surface NO NO N SW SW SE
Mid N-NW NO N SW SW SE
f"; Bottom NO NO NO N NO. NW
, .
i: Wind Velocity (mph) 1.5 1-5 1-3 4-6 4-6 4-7
L.:
Wind Direction NE NE NE NE NE N-NE
,. 0 pH (s,u.) 8,2 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.2
,
i
i Secchi (m) 0,8 0,6 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.1
-.
Total Depth (m) 1,0 0,6 1.1 1.5 3.B 3,0
Time 900 830 1140 1105 1030 945
legend:
N - North
, S - South
, ;
, ;
- NE - Northeast
NW - Northwest
of ~ . t SW - Southwest
i ;
SE - Southeast
I NO - At depth of less than 1.0 meter, no data collected at surface or bottom of profile
......
At depth of less than 1.5 meters, no data collected at bottom of profile
· - No flow data collected due to insufficient cord on flow meter to reach bottom
,
i..... Source: CH2M HILL. 1993
.. i; . . '. . \, / ~ , ~ " - # .
. '
~-.,
"'1\;\
r,\.>'
Table 4 L
In Situ Parameters of Stations 1 through 6 r'"
at Falling High Tide (H) 1.
Dunedin Pass, Clearwater, Florida
STATION J:,..~
!
Parameter 1 2 3 <4 5 6 t "
Temperature ( C) Surface 30.0 NO NO NO 29.5 29.8 ,<'<
Mid 30.0 28.9 30.5 29.0 29,5 29.8 (
i
Bottom NO NO NO NO 29.3 29.8 i I
'Conductivity (umhos) Surface 44000 NO NO NO 40750 40300
Mid 44000 42800 41500 42750 42000 42000 ,..
I
Bottom NO NO NO NO 42275 42000 It
Salinity(o/oo) Surface 26.8 NO NO NO 24.2 24.0
Mid 26.5 25.8 25.0 25.5 25.2 25.2 ""
"
Bottom NO NO NO NO 25.0 25.2 I,
f..
DO (mgn) Surface 6.0 NO NO NO 6.4 6.6
Mid 6.2 4.9 7.3 6.8 6.3 6.4 t-,
Bottom NO NO NO NO 6.1 6.5 i ,
,
Current Flow (fUsee) Surface NO NO NO NO 7.7 5.0 t.,,"G'
Mid NO 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.8 4.2
Bottom NO NO NO NO 0.7 6.0 f'<
I
I
Current Flow Direction Surface NO NO NO NO S NW i",.1
Mid NO No Direc. N N SW NW
Bottom NO NO NO NO SW NNW ,...
i '
Wind Velocity (mph) 8 -12 5-9 10-12 9-12 5-9 5-7 I
n1
Wind Direction NW NW NW N-NW N N
pH (s.u.) 8.0 8.0 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 r. \
Secchi (m) 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 1
tr..uJ
Total Depth (m) 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.9 3.2 2.0
Time 1450 1400 1700 1645 1615 1540 H
,
1 ;
Legend: ...,'"
N - North {, 1
,
S - South . '
, .
"'~
NW - Northwest
SW - Southwest ~ ;
NO - At depth of less than 1.0 meter. no data collected at surface or bottom of profile i
At depth of less than 1.5 meters, no data collected at bottom of profile I,;.J
Source: CH2M HILL, 1993 ~ '
"
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- Planners
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- ScIentists
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October 29, 1993
".,.
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Rick Gorsira
CH2M HILL/TPA
~
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RE: Analytical Data for Dunedin Pass Water Quality
LGN Lab Ref. No. GN-03161 CORRECTION
[W:
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Dear Mr. Gorsira:
"""
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On September 29, 1993, the CH2M HILL Gainesville Laboratory (LGN) received six
samples with a request for analysis of selected inorganic parameters. A report
for this batch was issued on October 22, 1993.
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Data for soil samples were inadvertently reported as a water mat.rix. The values
for t.hese two samples have been corrected to mg/kg dry weight and enclosed are
numbered pages for substitution in the original report. We apologize for any
invonvenience this may have caused.
['"
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CH2M HILL Laboratories appreciate your business and look forward to serving your
analytical needs again. If you should have any questions concerning the data,
or if you need additional information, please call me or Tom Emenhiser, Client
Services Manager, at 904-462-3050.
rl
iw
Florida No. 82112, E82124
Alabama No. 40080
California No. ]:-1014
,
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Sincerely,
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Karen Daniels
Client Services Coordinator
Enclosures
St.ate Certifications:
h
,
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~
CH2M HIU Quality
Analytical Laboratory
One Innovation Drive. Suite C. A/ochua. FL 32615-9586
P.O, Box 370. Alacf1uo. FL J2615-o370
904 462.3050 I,: '
Fax No, 904 462.1670 ,
,
-
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CASE NARRATIVE
Cations
~
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Lab Number:
GN-03161
,....
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.
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Client/Project:
Dunedin Pass Water Oualitv
i-
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1.
Holding Time:
All holding times were met.
II.
Digestion Exceptions:
None
l"""""
III. Analysis:
,..-
A.
Calibration:
All acceptance criteria were met.
.--
,
B.
Blanks:
All acceptance criteria were met.
r<-
C.
Iep Interference Check Sample:
All acceptance criteria were met.
D.
Spike Sample(s):
All acceptance criteria were met.
'.,,-
E. Duplicate Sample(s) :
All acceptance criteria were met.
'--.
F. Laboratory Control Sample(s):
All acceptance criteria were met.
G. ICP Serial Dilution:
Not required for this level QC.
H. Other:
This is a revised report. The soil samples, 316105 and 316106,
were inadvertently reported as water. The values have been
corrected to mg/kg dry weight.
IV. Documentation Exceptions:
None
v.
I certify that this data package is in compliance with the terms and
conditions agreed to by the client and CH2M HILL, both technically
and for completeness, except for the conditions detailed above. Release
of the data contained in this hardcopy data package has been authorized
by the Laboratory Manager or is designee, as verified by the following
signature.
SIGNED:
DATE:
/0 /~, / f?3
I (
'-,
Inorganics Division
000001
I ,.'.., , .... . . . '".' <11. .'
, .
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CASE NARRATIVE
General Chemistry
~
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Lab Number:
GN-03161
r
..
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,Client/project:
Dunedin Pass Water Qualitv
[~
I. Holding Time:
All holding times were met.
r
E.
Lab Control Sample(s):
All acceptance criteria were met.
f-i'''
i:
r..,
II. Analysis:
A.
Calibration:
All acceptance criteria were met.
B.
Blanks:
All acceptance criteria were met.
[:
C.
Matrix Spike Sample(s):
All acceptance criteria were met.
r
t",-,
D.
Duplicate Sample(s):
All acceptance criteria were met.
r~;
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c
F.
Other:
None.
r;
. I
L
Documentation Exceptions:
None.
o
"",' ,IV.
I certify that this data package is in compliance with the terms and
conditions agreed to by the client and CH2M HILL, both technically
and for completeness, except for the conditions detailed above. Release
of the data contained in this hardcopy data package has been authorized
n by the Laboratory Manager or his designee, as verified by the following
signature.
f ,
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SIGNED:
"-~
D.
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DATE:
10 /~ Cf 193
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Isaac Lynch
Supervisor, Inorganics Division
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e_ Engineers
- Planners
GJIlJ1JJlJ Economists
- Scientists
REPORT OF ANALYSIS
! .
Florida Certificatioo: 82112; E82124
MI900
10/28/93
P&Je 1 of 6
Sample Nos: 316101 - 316107
r"
Dunedin Pass
CH2M Hill
pi,
Attention: Rick Gorsira
Address: TPA
Project No: TP.A36255.AO
Beoeived: 09/29/93
Reported: 10/22/93
,. ,
Collected: 09/28/93 by client
'lyPe: water I soil
IDeation: Water Quality
""-,
SNPLE NlJ1BER
p".
SAK'LE DESCRIPTIOOS
...
,
GENERAL
Turbidity (Nro)
,.'
SOUDS
Percent SoHds (%)
'"'-. -
tETAlS
A 1 LIlli lUll, I CP
Antinooy, ICP
Arsenic, ICP
BariLm, ICP
Beryllill11, ICP
Ca:lmiUll, ICP
Calcill11, ICP
ChranilJ1l, ICP
t<<lTE: Values are ng/1 as substMlCe unless otherwise stated.
Values are ng/!(J] dry weight for sM1>le 00. 316105, 316106.
n/ r · not requested
toTE: This report contains test data met no interpretation is interned or ill'plied.
CH2M HILL Quality
Analytical Laboratory
One Innovation Drive. Suire C. Alachua. FL 326/5-9586
P.o. Box 370. Alochua. FL 326/5-0370
904 462-3050
Fox No. 904 462-1670
nonrj(l';
.
~- Engineers
- Planners
CE1JJ1JJ!J Economists
- Scientists
AA 1900
10/28/93
Page 2 of 6 .
Sample Nos: 316101 - 316107
REPORT OF ANALYSIS
Florida Certification: 82112; E82124
I I I I I
SPJ1PLE NtJ1BER 316101 316102 316103 316104 316105
I I I I I
I I I I I
STA2-l STA6-l STA2-H STA6-H STA2
SNf'LE DESCRIPTlOOS 00/28/93 001213193 00/2B/93 00/28/93 00/213193
08 : 15 00:45 14:15 15:40 14: 15
Cobalt, ICP nlr n/r n/r n/r <2.4
nlr n/r n/r n!r 10122/93
Copper, ICP nlr n/r n/r n!r <1.4
n/r n/r n/r n!r 10/22/93
Iron, ICP n/r n/r n/r n/r 276
n/r n/r n/r n!r 10122193
lead, ICP nlr n/r n/r n!r <9.4
nlr n/r n/r n!r 10122193
Hagnesiun, ICP n/r n/r n/r n!r 674
n/r n/r n/r n/r 10122/93
Manganese, ICP n/r n/r n/r n/r 12.5
n/r n/r n/r n/r 10122193
f10 1 ybderon, ICP n/r n/r n/r n/r ~.7
n/r n/r n/r n/r 10/22/93
Nide 1" ICP n/r n/r n/r n!r ~.5
nlr n/r n/r n!r 10122193
PotasSiUII, ICP nlr n/r n/r n!r <236
nlr n/r n/r n/r 10122193
SeleniLl1l, ICP n/r n/r n/r n!r <17.7
nlr . n/r n/r n!r 10/22193
Silver, ICP n/r n/r n/r n/r <1.2
n/r n/r n/r n/r 10/22193
Sod i lB11, ICP n/r n/r n/r n/r 2240
n/r n/r n/r n/r 10122193
Stnntiun, ICP n!r n/r n/r n/r 238
n/r n/r n/r n!r 10122/93
1ha 11 i LIll, ICP n/r n/r n/r n/r <9.4
n/r n/r n/r n/r 10122193
Tin, ICP n/r o/r ri/r n!r 32.1
nlr n/r n/r n/r 10122193
V (I'lid i 1.11I, ICP n/r n/r n/r n!r 3.1
nlr n/r n/r n/r 10/22/93
Zinc, ICP n/r n/r n/r n/r 4.2
n/r n/r n/r n/r 10122./93
NUTRIENTS
Pmmnia (as N) 0.13 0.06 0.13 0.05 n/r
f<<)lE: Values are ng/l as substance unless otherwise stated.
Values are ng/~ dry weight for saqlle no. 316105, 316106.
n/r · not requested
f<<)lE: This report cootains test data Md no interpretation is interded or iJT4>lied.
CH2M HILL Quality
Analytical Laboratory
One Innovation Drive. Suite C. Alachua. FL 32615-9586
p,o. Box 370. A/acnua. FL 326/5-0370
ro4 462-3050
Fax No. 904 462.1670
n n n ,', (j 4 '
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,.'~ i.~ Planners
.. Economists
- Scientists
REPORT OF ANALYSIS
MI900
10/28/93
Page 3 of 6
Sanl>le Nos: 316101 - 316107
Florida Certification: 82112~ E82124
fI'
I I I I . I
SNf)LE HU1BER 316101 316102 316103 316104 316105
I I I I I
I I I I I
STA2-l STA6-L STA2-H STA6-H STA2
SPWLE DESaIPTI~S 00/28/93 00/2JJ/93 00/213/93 00/28/93 00/2JJ/93
08: 15 09:45 14: 15 15:40 14:15
I<jeldahl Nitrogen (as N) 0.58 0.59 0.75 0.36 n/r
10/15/93 10/15/93 10/15/93 10/15/93 n/r
Total Phosphorus (as P) 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 n/r
10/13/93 10/13/93 10/13/93 10/13/93 n/r
OXYGEN DEHAAO
BOO (5 day) 12.1 1 <2.0 12.8 I ~.O I n/r
00/30/93 00/30/93 09/30/93 00/30/93 n/r
8IOlOOICAl
Chlorophyll a (ng/cubic meter) 6.8 7.5 6.9 9.8 n/r
10/20/93 10/20/93 10/20/93 10/20/93 n/r
.
Il"
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" '
~. ^ '."
mTE: Values are ng/l as substMce unless otherwise stated.
Values are ng/Kg dry weight for siWrple no. 316105, 316106.
n/r - not requested
tmE: This report oootains test data md no interpretatioo is interded or i~l ied.
CH2M HILL Quality
Analytical Laboratory
One Innovation Drive. Suite C, Alachuo. FL 32615-9586
P,O. Box 370, A/achua, FL J261S..()370
904 462~J050
Fax No, 904 462-1670
000005
J.
e_ Engi
-~
lEIIlJlJllJ Economists
- Scientists
REPORT OF ANALYSIS
AAI900 '
10/28/931
PlWJe 4 of 6
Sample Nos: 316101 - 316107 ,
I
Florida Certification: 82112; E82124
Dunedin Pass
CH2M Hill
Attention: Rick Gorsira
Address: TPA
Project fib: TPA36255.AD
Received: 09/29/93
Reported: 10/22/93
.. '
Collected: 09/28/93 by client
Type: water, soil
IDeation: Water Quality
. '
SNFLE Nlf1BER 316106 316107
STAl Laboratory .
SJl11PLE DESCRIPTIOOS 00/28/93 Hethod 81 ank
14:40
" '
GENERAL ,
t
Turbidity (rmJ) n/r I ~.2 . ' '
n/r 09/30/93 r
SOUDS ,
Percent Solids (%) I 78.7 I Not Appl icable I
tn.;
10/07/93 10/07/93
HETALS
A llllri run, ICP 124 ~.050 ~-'"
10/22193 10/22./93
AntilTOrlY, ICP </.6 ~.030 , .
10/22193 10/22./93 \
Arsenic, ICP <13.7 ~.054 t':->.f
10/22/93 10/22./93
Barium, ICP 1.5 ~.002
10/22193 10/22./93 ~'-'I
Beryl 1 il.m, ICP 4>.51 ~.002
10/22193 10/22./93
Ccdmi un, ICP <1.3 ~.005
t";.vf
10/22193 10/22./93
Calciun, ICP 29300 ~.500
10/22193 10/22./93
O1raniun, ICP <1:5 ~.006 .".....
10/22/93 10/22/93
t<<l1E: Values are ng/l as substance unless otherwise stated.
Values are ng/Kg dry weight for sa11l1e no. 316105, 316106.
~,.,~;
Respectfully sumi tted,
b,~.. "
Isaac O.
n1r · not requested
t<<lTE: This report contains test data lIld no interpretation is intemed or i~lied.
.......1
CH2M HILL Quality
Analytical Laboratory
One Innovation Drive. Suite C. AJochuo. FL 32615-9586
P,O, Box 370. Alachua. FL 32615-0370
904 462-3050
Fox No, 904 462. 1670
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Planners
lE1IJJ1DlJ Economists
- ScIentists
REPORT OF ANALYSIS
Florida Certifkation: 82112; E82124
SAft>LE Htt1BER
316106
SAli'LE DESCRImONS
STAl
00/28/93
14:40
Cobalt, ICP
~.5
101Z2/93
<1.5
10/Z2/93
94.0
101Z2/93
<10.2
101Z2/93
590
101'12193
3.1
10/22/93
<S.1
101'12/93
<3.8
10/'l2/93
<254
10/'l2/93
<19.0
10/'l2/93
<1.3
10/22/93
3390
101'12193
162
10/22/93
<10.1
10/22/93
<12.7
10/22/93
<1.3
10/22/93
<1.3
10/22/93
Copper, I CP
Iron, ICP
Lead, ICP
Hagnesi un. I CP
Hanganese, ICP
Holybdenum, ICP
Nickel. ICP
Potassiun, ICP
Se lenillll, 10'
Silver, ICP
Soditnn. ICP
Strontiun, ICP
Thall ium, ICP
Tin, ICP
Vanadillll, ICP
Zinc, ICP
NUl'RI ENTS
M1'oonia (as H)
n/r
n/r
t<<lTE: Values are ng/l as substance lDlless otherwise stated.
Values are ag/t<g dry weight for sOllllle no. 316105, 316106.
316107
Laboratory
Method Blank
~.010
10/22/93
~.006
10/22../93
~.020
10/22../93
~.040
10/22../93
<0.050
10/22/93
~.002
10/22/93
~.020
10/22/93
~.015
10/22/93
<1.0
10/22/93
~.075
10/22/93
~.005
10/22/93
~.005
10/22/93
~.050
10/22/93
~.005
10122193
~.050
10/22/93
~.005
10/22/93
<0.005
10/22/93
<0.04
10/18/93
MI900
10/28/93
PaJe 5 of 6
Sample Nos: 316101 - 316107
Isaac D. Lynch,
n/ r · not reques ted
t<<lTE: This report contains test data and no interpretation is interned or implied.
CH2M HILL Quality
Analytical Laboratory
One Innovation Drive. SUite C. Alochua. FL 32615-9586
P.O, Box 370. Alochua. FL 32615-0370
?04 462.3050
Fax No, 904 462-1670
n ."j n (i n 7
I
,,~...,
e_
Engineers
- Planners
CEllJ1JJ!J Economists
- ScIentists
REPORT OF ANALYSIS
AAl900
10/28/93
Page 6 of 6 .'".
Sanple tbs: 316101 - 316107 I
Florida Certification: 82112; E82124
~ .~
SA"FLE NlI1BER
316106
316107
S/lWLE DESCRIPTlOOS
SfAl
m/28/93
14:40
laboratory
Hethod Blank
~~'
~
'~ ,
Kjeldci1l Nitrogen (as H)
n/r
n/r
n/r
n/r
~.04
10/15/93
~.01
10/13/93
I"'~
f'
L
Total Phosphorus (as P)
OXYGEN DEMAND
BOO (5 day)
n/r
n/r
I ~.O
r:l}/30/93
"..,
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1
fll
BIOLOOICAL
Chlorophyll a (l11J/cubic meter)
n/r
n/r
<1.0
10/20/93
-'"1
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NOTE: Values are ng/l as substance unless otherwise stated.
Values are ng/Kg dry weight for s~le no. 316105, 316106.
t:l
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,
It.U
n/r · rot requested
t<<>TE: This report contains test data md no intef'llretatioo ;s interxted or i""lied.
Ie ,
......
CH2M HILL Quality
Analytical Laboratory
One Innovation Drive. Suite C. AlochuQ. FL 32615-9586
p,o. Box 310. Alochua. FL 32615-oJ70
904 462-.3050 !
Fox No, 904 462-1670
-
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S L SAVANNAH LABORATORIES
& ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES. INC.
6712 Benjamin Road. Suite 100 · Tampa, FL 33634 · (813\ 885-742,7. .'F.a~q813} 685.7049
LOG NO:
B3-31666
w
Received: 28 SEP 93
w
~
~
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Mr. Bob McConnell
CHlM Hill
2701 N. Rocky Point Drive, Suite 800
Tampa, FL 33607
Project: TPA 36255.AO/Dunedin Pass WQ
Sampled By: Client
',~
k~
REPORT OF RESULTS
Page 1
LOG NO
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION , LIQUID SAMPLES
DATE SAMPLED
c:'
r~
--------------------------------------------------
31666-1
31666-2
STA. 2-L
STA. 6-L
09-28-93
09-28-93
--------------------------------------------------
PARAMETER
3~666-1
31666-2
"r'~
"
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Total Coliform MF, col/~OOml
Fecal Coliform MF, col/~OOml
100
85
<1
<1
~J
----------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ----------
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o
w
c:
a:
w
m
~
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. (/)
(/)
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a:
o
o
et
w
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z i=
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~-.J
( J
~~
..
~
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~
D;
IQ
..
-
-~
...
~~
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e:::>,~
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e:(~""
ctN.'" C3
~
W
a:
=:J
...
e:(
z
t:)
~
~
~}...
.... V\
I- < >-
Q ..
:t
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-=:J'I'-
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~~
~~~
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l 2
~ ~
w\J w
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W
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et
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): 0
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o CI)
w :3
~ 0
w Z
~ < ... iTI
OCr a:
I>
w )w
~, ~
l~
w ~w
...., ...
C3 ~
1.\
U
t
~
~l
~ i-V
::J
~ ~
~ \ ~
~ ~~
!:2 <(
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~ -:-:-
I't-~
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~! \ ~
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t.
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t")
~
, l'i I
I -r
'"1::' '. v . '/I_ . . .',1 , ... .'. ....:.' t.. . . .. . ' . .' ,. \' .. .
I
SURFACE WATER FIELD DATA
Date
Time
Station
Sampled By
1 (:L'fI1 i J
14 1)0
{rll 1-
(;.b h.,~11Vt
f't t!: C; IV .u ~(.,L
Station description:
1) ~ ~ '-I' . " It
Surface
3tJ I ()
4~tJ tJ (j
2. ,i
f, 0
Temp (C)
Conductivity
Salinity (0100)
DO (mgll)
Flow (fVsec)
Flow direction
Secchi () V 013
f/.-l- gd< y, 1 J-~
Seaih{ent sample collected es
Water sample collected s
. Notes:
No
.&
,....
, 1
~ 1
. '
--
! "
~ .
Cloud Cover :Jo ...~ , vtJl.c.o-of; 1l~~G~i~ ~lI't!.1I
Antecedent Rain it ,
Temperature
Wind Velocity & Direction j' /2. ~ Aftv'
Tide Stage M'CJ/.e; t ~ /1/(;
.
Mid
30,0
l..f 4 , () tJ'1J
2 G,.,
b,7-
Bottom
CH2M HILL
......~
~
f
t-:
""i'l
"
~/
.;'"
L,;
f"',
f '
i:d
r~
L}
J''''
'f" .
^ ;
;lid
r'/~
tJ
0""',','
: ~
t.'"
.
'y :
;,...,
t"'\
,
'k
u
r, ;
Ii
~.
t>,
II '
~
(i' -?
~
f
r '
~
1:
t ;
w
~:
" ,
;.....
SURFACE WATER FIELD DATA
Date
Time
Station
Sampled By
Of I;;.?/ cr3
,...,. 00
~4- ?- - tf
~J.-f { CZA
Me..<::'p#vrJf. CL
Cloud Cover t T, f-/A~~; +c.~", ,^~v.L, J(,~oJ';~;.~
Antecedent Rain ~\.\ ~
Temperature
Wind Velocity & Direction ,.. - '1 ~ NW
Tide Stage f.f; (,.(./ , F ~{.,l'c N(r
Station description:
y e(~ e. : 2. (. 0 i....e....,
Surface
Temp (C)
Mid
'J 8'1
t{2}8oo
"2S-.0-
~'7
O,b4
H6 J i \k -{1:'"'-'.
2b'O
, . f
( U ,.> If I.f e10 )
P.,o..,iOM
No
No
Bottom
Conductivity
Salinity (0/00)
DO (mgll)
Flow (ftIsec)
Flow direction
Secchi (i~ ~
r~ Y-7'j'
Sediment sample collected 1?fii:2
Water sample collected ~
. Notes:
~..\..~.,: l... c. '1-........1.
\I
~.l.L...,.q ~,~
(;.~
~(("~ - j.#..Jl-.w
w~,J. ~'J
~ c.l Cr(.A''-f,~i- C'~ ~fl~4 ~~kD~ ~
. ( '.p r, ()
..~ '\0..-"" \":) f' 'v.. ~~...;.. \""'V C'~ 4"'... .
t ,- , I
IVI '""'....~ ~...J~
/'. , ..,./ '. ,-
I
~~' k..-'-!l
/' . \ ~
\.)., '~rj''J..1 ./.j..I./
,
~- 1::;.,.~"\.l) ,
~~t~
L-~~ ~
9\1\~ ( u.... ;;,,-~)
CH2M HILL
, .. . . ' \ "" , " . ,.,." .
.
...-...
SURFACE WATER FIELD DATA
Date
Time
Station
Sampled By
r (2.1 / rJ
~ ~~
'.f11 ...3
6- 0 11. ~ I L.,q
M ~ (6A) A.J~ (t
Cloud Cover L. J 0 it SU}.l~
Antecedent Rain
Temperature 2.~,t7 ~G
Wind Velocity & Direction I 0 - ~~ ~e.. !1JW
Tide Stage /1\--;;:). LolAJ - _ ~ I? fJrr
,:,~;;
,
Ii '
/>,.
,
, .
Station description:
f;ld.'
>t ,
r~
,
f:i
U.e.y it ; f. s- f(.(,f
Surface
D
Mid
~~. S-
tIlI flJ tJ
2S,O
{-,3
01/'-1
N01~
NP
Bottom
NP
,ft,;:.!
'j
Temp (C)
Conductivity
Salinity (0/00)
DO (mgll)
Flow (ftIsec)
Flow direction ~
Secchi (("'~) V 0 B
pH ~ g, 30
Sediment sample collected Yes
Water sample collected Yes
,.,~
f""
i.l
~.,
t .'
'e.,!1
J, '
i ;
t:l
@
.(5)
!l'\
i
~-
. Notes:
-S L Cv J '\.aIY1 ~ "'...).."
~ (/V'Y--. e.. ~ (~
r(~ J-.h I fi ""f. .)'~
()~
\
v.J ~ tyP(AWI ~\,.;~ / ~..Mf'~
1U1J-kJ +t.10+c-f-
}<t~ f--Wl J 1b .}A...
~ 1- tt11l~'~1''\.L
uvU-
t'
b...
Vl4t-~
\ "" ~t;?
f \
"
I
I!"~
Cc::J. f) loA ~ .:I
V)-'J(;"~'" .~
{: )
~.,.,,;.J. ww u.J ~ Ji <It.
~
t~ ~
.~
~ ;
......
~ "
r '
.-mt
CH2M HILL
"..,.J
1,--'
\
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,
,
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,
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.
,
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I
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f.. -: ~
fl....,
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, ,
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ft..1.'~
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t".J
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10;...;'
,. .,.
I .
L ;
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IJ
}
!
{
"'-
f' ~
.
i
--
~
~..,.
Date
Time
Station
Sampled By
r{ii;13
(;ffJ ·
'An~~A
G ~fLL
Station description:
1) ~ft~ : \o./:) ~t-
Temp (C)
Conductivity
Salinity (0/00)
DO (mg/l)
Flow (ftIsec)
Flow direction ~ 0 -k~
Secchi (r \\ ~ )
f\t
Sediment sample collected
Water sample collected
, Notes:
SURFACE WATER FIELD DATA
Cloud Cover 5'CJ ~ $ LI/'J~ 'j
Antecedent Rain
Temperature ~ (1 .. c:.
Wind Velocity & Direction 5" - , ~ Ii.
Tide Stage _MED, H i~fi I E i3ij/N 6-
5 c.. c.. ,1..,<... ~ 6 LM Wv.. )JluJ
Surface
z C; I !:J~
'10/ t.m
, ,
7-'1 ' 2-
t,Lt
7.1-
.s
-:/2.tJ
8 I Jt.(
Yes
Yes
Mid
11~7
'-/';).. ,000
I
'2 f I )...
{;,3
(jeT'
St0
Bottom
27,3
Lf2/2 T)
;L~/IJ
&..(
tJ"T
SL.V
~
.~
-c..:";V
'S.J c1 0' ~~ ~--t'1 "=-~J-V>
1N
.....~~(..
. !,' )
VldvJ
/)(
I~
~
--....,
\
f
CH2M HILL
.
..-
SURFACE WATER FIELD DATA
....,
"
Date
Time
Station
Sampled By
r Ift(' ~
9::r /.. ~I M
r W~Alg; (l
I
Cloud Cover btJ C7~ i t ~v.. 4: l;1Uev../.., /() cx't-:,,,;
Antecedent Rain ~ ·
Temperature 1 )) e i '
Wind Velocity & Dj~ection >- - r .-"ft N I.'
Tide Stage M..-. d AA~#. E UjN(,.
. i \
pi /i1 ,i..~E A '" 'I
Station description: /2.. - LIO Ff. Mtff
1>'0(vt ; (,t ~J
Surface Mid Bottom
Temp fe) 2 f. 8 '<j' ! lCJ/t
Conductivity 1.10 ,300 '-fl () 00 l{2,rJOO
I 1 ,
Salinity (0/00) 2 L{ ,0 2 '-;-, 1... 2 5/ 2-
DO (mgl/) C;.6 h'1 G,~
Flow (fUsee) 5:0 I{ ,1 b.O
Flow direction blw L(. 1 N \J NNW
Secchi (iL.~ ) 2'i I' Nb ~})
rH 0' '31./ ~
Sediment sample collected Yes 5-rA. C-H
Water sample collected @ . No
.';,
.
r'
,
i,'J.
r',
;
f, ,
p;"it
~ ;
"'..,1
* '
J
f /
'W"l .
f~' :
t
'" .
.'
I ,
I
,
W",I,..a,
. Notes:
'.' I
'h. ~ '" c:l '-"? 1 ~ e... < ~ ~ J '111 ~; ~ (o...v ~ clc ~ G..<A.) ~ .{ ~}.,
~+- IU~ r I L{ ,I A J0u-,kJ SU<1\-- ~ .t;n~~ <-J ?""""J (};7 ~,
~ :fofL ~,~ rr ~~ :""
/
/ It( (
A
, r 0
I
. H
i
/ f~"1 S "l t
I UJ.,l~AI~( f
I ~ x ~ 14-1, r* i/.eJt. ":b
.4 12 \J ~A tvTGtJ1J1t "T(JUJc~
\
~ CH2M HILL
-;..:::
\
~
'\....,
......
'" .
,
,
-
-----
5"~~
r~ ,:'I-d
fL (-H
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"'-
..~
.
.....~
,
,cr <
,..-"
1....-.
io..,.""..
...
!
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f '
I
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1
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J1'.,."
i
;
.-V
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. '
I
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.....;
t ': '
, '
-~
i' ..,
I
: ~
-.;
,
"'-"
t' "
I
6-'
(d
i
....-
L_
"" . ' , , { I -. I ' . \. '. .
Date
Time
Station
Sampled By
jll.8/~3
o 'J t7(J
STA I
Cr (J n.t. ( ,{b,
f'4 ( OJ) He ~l
SURFACE WATER FIELD DATA
~ 10.4
Cloud Cover
Antecedent Rain .
Temperature 2-t. {. C
Wind Velocity & Direction I - > ~
Tide Stage LoiN fl.1 JI4! F-
r'
Station description:
:5~C NG'(fS
Phuk 1<;-;)'-4 i2.\
p/1-
Temp (C)
Conductivity
Salinity (0/00)
DO (mg/l)
Flow (fUsee)
Flow direction
~Secchi ( i \o.~)
--? -:Y-erL.e (;--.JIl ~
Sediment sample collected
Water sample collected
Notes:
~/)
Surface
'6 1. I:J
1/ l,rb(J
2t~~
N\
(
j
Yes
Yes
G-,^lf
o
.
f \ \ i tv"
-"ui<"j,{,/
.. .
Sr.f'\ (jrn~
..../ ..
,..-
-
. .,
. .
Mid
3 I.. (/ "c
tI?.' L;-()t1
-Z c;-/ 7'
G,cJ
o.t~
-e- N - NW
33
Lif)
Bottom
'1'\ l)
)
J
No
.~
~r~/~ ~iM .
)( f ..!.-Off ~f1~~*
>
/'Jo,( 1~
- jl
'~)<ros(;::. ' .JiGH
Po' l~....." flit. ) SpAA J,j....,
'.~
l 1 ' "
VJ~,- ~
,,: j CH2M HILL
\
N~
~
._ ,..... . '. _. ~.,', ... ~ . . \.. '. . . 17 ". '
.
,.~, .,
SURFACE WATER FIELD DATA
~,
~~~ -:;;1 {~ 1/13
Station ':>Tit, 2-
Sampled By G- 0 A. OS; ~
1-f c. CoN'; II
Cloud Cover L (0 ..."
Antecedent Rain
Temperature 25'.'S'. G
Wind Velocity & Direction (,ItLM 1-)" /LIe:.
Tide Stage -1,0 lu J R' ~ ( N 6-
f""
"
Station description:
~~ fo~ 4
Ii 0 \..J.e -I-
\"~to 1:'_1912., .
lAB8A(~ IJnLI-A $r-~Hb.,
, .
10'
..
, '
<:;' !
p~ ' Surface -=l- Mid Bottom
. y~
Temp (C) 2,.0
Conductivity 39 f ;tJ()
Salinity (0/00) ZJ.C
DO (mgll) /' ,-
Flow (fUsee)
Flow direction
Secchi (ff. ) 2. 0 f..{
WArE'1- 'f:>Ef:'/J (f) 2,0
Sediment sample co eCted Yes No
Water sample collected ('5J No
. Notes:
I."
t..",
iI>..,
>
t"
l
..;
'( 'j
lh.
,
<j; "
f. '
'.tt:;"
t: '
Si\1v ~\SE ~'1 AfP"LEK. ?:3o AM. ;t1A,v'1 51hI<Ef5:~i)S f'LIo'{Ef) ",,<
otJ ~AI.I c. GtlNl.s ~ klo~ ~ "p1,(!Llt.JG. /,oC,.-J../ Yips:>;!
Sf'" b i NA. Ft l-f..... ....""'1 [0 ~ tL ~ "'? ~.g" d.. I\.<{. ; d- C. o,.f i aM L 'K. ~ ~po ~ ·
f=.J(foft;) $'I1M ,410/V(,. LvE5TE~1J .>Ifoll-f L;IfIE 70c...J frp(.PS Q-.(.,{ (jC of:. ,v1EA"1 C.O -;;",1
C HA".HJE. L N A I); f.1I B [e f ~r'-l ~.. c~ ~..ct.', "~"" ""-II
wJ~ ~~ , ("-'k~~'''''\ ,-c:"J:J~\J
4f.\<" '\..C. ~ '. .
l;'
_.
7t i
"e;....r
,.,...;
CH2M HILL
..,...;
I ".... . '.' .. " ',.,~' I ~.: .'~ ' .. '. " '. . .' ~ . . . .
,.~,
l
\
,....
i, "
r~
i/28/1.3
II "0
<1141
6 D I... ~f r1..1.
Ml CO.., ...n:. U
t i
Date
Time
Station
Sampled By
C'
SURFACE WATER FIELD DATA
Cloud Cover sL. UA 2E .' s~ lJ"'^!
Antecedent Rain
Temperature
Wind Velocity & Direction t - ~ ~t.. NE.
Tide Stage Mf b ij-i 6-#. Vt...f '5 fA> (r
,.....
I '
,
.
'. .
Station description:
"',I; $""1'" bF J.j"l" """"''S/h',f.,''''' teL""; t~, . spv.ft.~ ~~~~
~ +4 ~/.)t '. pl..t.+<.Ov-<.- oV\ ~T ;:,ck. t
I
..~..
I
1) Gt"Hl : 4:l. ; ... ~
I... '
,...
i
h'...'
Temp (C)
Conductivity
Salinity (0100)
DO (mgJI)
Flow (fVsec)
Flow direction
Secchi ( ifl\~)
f>>
Sediment sample collected
Water sample collected
rw;
I
l..."
r'
1-:
r"
i
....,vI
(;' <4
I
i
~~"JI
Surface
2. 8 ,0
4 () I =1.,0
"2 ~,O
4 . {,-~
Olsb
N
?3.()
9 I \li
Yes
Yes
Mid
28.3
tr 2, 5"00
2..1).7
/1, ,.
t),b1-
,,'
N)
Bottom
----M 1>
),,1 Q
.~
h '~
!
. Notes:
LJt.~~ j~~1 ~ ~~: '-t,W ~ ~~d~Ui. / ~f.(A~~ ~{~~ ~
........
r'.' )
l
I
...-.
f'
I \
! j
-
-..
i
!
; ,
'I " '...
J . ......... .
i
I
/
J-.
..\~ \
, .
\ ',~~
. '
\:
\
0\
I
'\
"
...
r' 1
.""",,1
s~ ~
X
.--.-
,
~
-(J.,vlc..
\......
\
\.
\
I
~~").--- """"'~
...- f' J c,...
I '
,
CH2M HILL
~
I'll '" .,."". ,"" ',~ ..' ~ ,:... .' '. . w ,9", .,. .~' /".........-. , " : I" ,..:~ .,. ,',"\': , '. . l ,..
I I
SURFACE WATER FIELD DATA
Date 1 /2.S 113
Time J JOt;-'
Station ~ TfI 4
Sampled By ~o~<11ZA
~ (dVA/f, U.
Cloud Cover S (. f1A 2 E
Antecedent Rain
Temperature '2J?J, '5. <::.
Wind Velocity & Direction 4-6 ,-./4 I '!:
Tide Stage /1e'b - Hi (J H ~i " IV(/-
,
Station description:
2. 0 f-<<-t wv1 .l c:2..41\1~ ~ tt~o (2.iJ ~ <0"
TIf If iN k. 110 (J.sE. "-' vII i '0'1: · cllfft."J:fj..d.r (1~ 1t7~)
1).~\H
1;; I) fetJ
Mid
2 R.'1
~
2~.~
t( '1~
~,a;
.5 t..O
Surface
Bottom
~.9
if )/ 000
2. ,. ()
i./. 1~
tJ.=r2.
~N
Temp (C)
Conductivity
Salinity (0/00)
DO (mgn)
Flow (fUsee)
Flow direction
Secchi ( i hG~ )
pH-
Sediment sample collected
Water sample collected
. Notes:
.@
,
t~
:j
~,
l)u N ~ ';)', IV P Asj
---
'\./
'""""
,--
~/
~I
a'\
-
""-)
D
U
{TA.I.I ~
1t ).0
tx
f(AllJJ
~ 6\t rro r-'\
""
"
-
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)
;.
i
.....
\
\ /'I~"~AU'I
""',' ~l
....
'--
CH2M HILL
< ~.MJJJ ~L
~..
....
j ,
,:.,
1
,
t '
&t-~
.
'"
f...,..c:
,
,
~
',,",,
,
.' \
;:"" ,
~ '
,,'
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"
l
;
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f'
!~ !
't<'d
.'~\
k "
i..~
,n
i ;
~,,'
,d
Ll
<It-,
:. ~
..
l. :
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, ~'~
r.~ .,
~~
,.:.!
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.~ilI
,",
t ,
~ :
~
t :
t i
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i.,..,j
-"
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I
.'
r'
\
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r"
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t /
to"
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i
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,
"
.
.."'"'
;
....~...
r.
j
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r-'
I
\.....,../
~'_..>
i
'--
;"' '.
......-
I .
---
,
......
.........
-...,o'
,
-
,
i-
. . . . . ' .. '/' . , ,. .' . ".' .",...' ~. .',' u
SURFACE WATER FIELD DATA
Station description: 360 F"'-....f tJol\..TH of "'rAN UoU $€ I W/I-;re ~il;lIfJ.1
A-T G61JF<~.I~t'\ (:,E of f..tANbA ~ ( Uhl,()e \ Il-N~ UNAJA~/)' <:'~EL
-"0 Dt.u"E~;~ '"'55 ~ ~11~ c/lt,.., fro.) F~d'" ,;,,1.. (t:)Nb<'~ "1-1 BEACH
veynf: n. b i....t '
CH2M HILL
Date
Time
Station
Sampled By
9.12~ 1,3
In'. "3 0
~U'~
C)C2.s;AA
M~ C"IJ~ fA
-
Cloud Cover ( ,. 6 (.f( H I'f 2 E.
Antecedent Rain
Temperature Z Z 0 c::.
Wind Velocity & DireCtion 4 -6' If-f/ta AlE
Tide Stage ME ~ to ~ 'of' ~ ) "'" I $ ( V c;..
Mid
~1''l.
l{ J, ). 'iO
26, I
4, S-
o.t$"
-S'''O
"
ND
Bottom
_21' ()
/..f '3 / ?- '$""0
'2 6.t)
4,~
N~-{
N'])~
N])
~ 0 I IE. NC1U c:,.tf c.tlAJ;
jb ~lfc, ~ 80 rTIJ ~
Surface
Temp (C) 20/.. 3
Conductivity 4 I. :rS"O
, I
Salinity (0100) t.5;o
DO (mg/J) ~ ,bfJ-
Flow (ftIsec) 0,,5'-
Flow direction S VJ
Secchi (\'-\vl) :l4
f H -, , 3~ 8.1.b
Sediment sample collected Yes @
Water sample collected Yes. 0
1J'i> -";(7 d A-'r A
. Notes:
Sf.lltJlJ'i / l', G H y- G ~ 6/
'IN
i
I
.
'"l
........
r ~i",~~
a
1k"vtb 'r
"
r": ~~~.r
-'
!
I
I
i
I
I
;
,
o _
511f, ~
"04"'''' t w~ r ,i~T
Fl ovJ x
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8
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'.,
IJ.
i
J
I
j
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C.ON~O' (
.........
~
~
~v-
1 - .
I
.....
o
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.";', ,A VlFAtJNAL USE OF DUNEDIN PASS
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[\'.;sCoastal Technology Co~ration .,' , '.:,<
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Vero Beach, Florida 32960 .i:I,:
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Environmentai&pecialist n
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This report briefly summarizes our review of both historic and current avifauna] use of Dunedin
Pass. The information was gathered from both published and unpublished records of
professional and hobbyist birders. lDstoric use is defined as pre-1980 while current use will be
considered post 1980. The avifauna found within the pass area can be separated into two broad
categories; wading birds and shorebirds. Similarly avifaunal use of Dunedin pass can be
categorized into two distinct activities; nestinglbreeding and feeding/resting. Both of these bird
categories and activities have certain unjque habitat requirements that are present within the area
that would be influenced by the reopening of Dunedin Pass.
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Table 1 summarizes historic and current bird use in and around Dunedin Pass. Table II presents
the preferred habitat (AOU) of those birds occurring historically or currently in the pass area.
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Histode accounts of the avifauna of the area date from the writings of W.E.D. Scott in
the 1880.s (Auk No 4). This early record includes notes on nesting and migrant bird use
of tb.e area. Additional records of wintering bird use, feeding and resting, date from the
1950's to present (Audubon Field Notes). A total of 13 wading bird species and 8
shorebird species were known to breed in the area, while over 30 species were known
to use the area for feeding or resting (Table 1). However. these early records only
pl"CSClt a limited picture of the avifauna! use of the area. 'The limited number of
investigators and survey time, may have underestimated or mi~ species using the area.
Detailed historic records of breeding bird populations have not been found for the area.
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Professional and hobbyist bird enthusiasts have kept accurate records of avifauna in the
Dunedin Pass area for more than 15 years. Previously BRA contacted Mr. Dave
Goodwin in an effort to determine avifaunal use (per. comm.). Recently BRA contacted
Ms. Rayer-Page (Clearwater Audubon Society) in order to Rsgess the current avifaunal
status of the area. Ms Raye-Page was in agreement with the previous assessment by Mr.
Goodwin that the area has become an important nesting and feeding site for both
shorebirds and wading birds. Currently 11 species of wading birds and 10 species of
shorebirds have been documented nesting in the Dunedin Pass area. At the same time
over -40 species of birds are known to use the area in some manner. This increase in
both the number of species nesting and feeding in the area are probably a result of
increased sampling effort.
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Table 1.
Instoric and Current A vifaunal Use of Dunedin Pass
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............- ",......,..........._-.---................""'... .......... .,...~.:; . .........""".............................._..._.............. ,^oIIlo~"~ ........-..-...-..... . ....... .,................... ,'0 . . .., ......... 00 ........".,....~ __........,__...
:;;.~.;;:::::;..:;.:;...::;.~.';...;::...::.:::::.";..:::::;.::::;::;.:::;;:.':~ ::.:.:.:.~.:.~.~:;.:j.:=:~.:::~~~:.:.-::::~~~~~~~~~*~ ':::;:+=;.~.:~:.::. :,..~~'~ ..:::;:::::.....oIlI.... ~~-:-'"........ ~I~--':
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WADING BmDS
Great Blue Heron Ardea herodios x x x x NL
Great Egret. Casmerodius albus x x x x NL
Snowy Egret EgrettQ thula x x x x sse
Little Blue Heron Bgretta caerulea x x x x sse
Tricolor Heron Egrelta tricolor :x x x x sse
Reddish Egret Egretra rufescens x x x x sse
Green-backed Heron Bworides striatUS x x x x NL
BlBck-cIOwned Night Nycticorax nycticorax x x x NL
Heron
YeJJow-crowned Night NyClicorax violaceus x x x x NL
Heron
White Ibis Eudocimus alhus x x x x .
Roseate SpoonbilJ Ajaia ajaia x x x x sse
SHOREBIRDS
Brown Pelican Pelecanus occiderual.is x x x x sse
Double-crested p1uz1acrocorax auri nus x x x NL
Cormorant
Clapper Rail Ral/us longirostris x :x NL
Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola x x NL
Snowy Plover Charadrius alexandrinus x x x x T
W'llson's Plover Charadrius wilsonia x :x x x NL
Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus x NL
Piping Plover Charadrius melodius x T
American HaeTTUUopus palliarus x x x sse
Oystercatcber
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Greater YeJlowlegs
Lesser Yellowlegs
Willet
Spotted Sandpiper
Whimbre1
Long-billed Curlew
Marbled Godwit
Ruddy Turnstone
Red Knot
Sanderling
Western Sandpiper
Least Sandpiper
Dunlin
Tringa me1annleuctl
Trlnga flavipes
Caloptrophoru.s
semipalmatus
Actitis macuIaria
Numenius p1uJeopus
Numenius amerlcanus
Limosa fedoa
Arenaria interpres
CaJidris canutus (Tringa
CanatUS Auk 4)
CaJidris alba
Calidris mauri
CaJidris minutilla
Calidris alpina
NL
NL
NL
x
x
x
x
x
x
x.
x
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
T
sse
x
x
x
x
Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus
Laughing Gull
Ring-billed Gull
Herring Gull
Black Tern
Caspian Tern
Royal Tern
Sandwich Tern
Common Tern
Forster's Tern
Least Tern
Black Skimmer
x
Larus atricilla
LaTus deIawarensis
Larus argentatus
QUidotdas niger
Sterna caspia
Sterna maxima
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
SrerTUl sandvicensis
x
x
x
x
STerna hiruJUilJ
Sterna fosterl
Sterna aruiJ1arum
Rhynchops niger
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
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x
x
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NL - Not Listed sse - Species of Special Concern T - Threatened
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Table 2. Preferred Habitat of Birds Occurring in the Dunedin Pass Area
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WADING BIRDS
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Great Blue Heron
Fresh-water and brackish marshes, along lakes, rivers and lagoons, and
mangroves, breeding primarlly in trees
Marshes, swampy woods, tidal estuaries, lagoons, mangroves and along
streams, breeding primarily in tall trees
Marshes, lakes, ponds, lagoons, mangroves and shallow coastal habitats,
breeds in bushes and trees
Marshes, ponds lakes, meadows, streams and mangroves, breeding in trees
and low shrubs
Marshes, ponds and rivers, breeding primarily near salt WOIer in
mmzgroves
Brackish marshes and shallow coastal habitats, breeding in low trees,
primarily red mangroves
Ponds, rivers, lakes, kzgoon.r, marshes, swamps and mangroves, breeds in
trees in wooded areas
Marshes, swamps, ponds, lakes, lagoons and mangroves, breeding in trees
in wooded areas Dear water
Marshcs, swamps, lakes, lagoons and mangroves, breeding in trees in
wooded situations near water
Marshes, mangroves, lagoons and lakes, breeding in trees near water
Marshes, swamps, ponds. rivers and lagoons, breeding in low trees
Oreat Egret
Snowy Egret
Little Blue Heron
Tricolor Heron
Reddish Egret
,
,
Green-backed Heron
~.. :.
Black-aowned Night
Heron
Yel1ow-crowned Night
Heron
tF.";'
White Ibis
:Roseate Spoonbill
SHOREBlRDS
.
--
Brown Pelican
Doublcxrested
Connorant
Clapper Rail
Black-bellied Plover*
Open marine situations along coast, breeding on islands on the ground
Lakes, rivers, swamps and seacoasts. breeding on the ground
Snowy Plover'"
Salt and brackish marshes and mangrove swamps
Tundra(breeding); mudjlaJs, beaches, wet savanna, shores of ponds and
lakes, and flooded fields (nonbreeding)
Beaches, dry mud or salJ flars, and sandy shores of rivers, lakes and ponds
(O:\OfllO\C1I \01\Wj', bra\mp.:{llni.lpi)
(5)
7 J AlN&t)' 1994
.
:;:;:;;~1.4.::........._.....: I"'::;":;;;~~~:;:~~::;~;:;~ ~~.:~::.:..~::;.~..~;:l:;..:;=~:':':?"':.':''::~~:':":~:~~~==--'''~' ...., ....
...-..............~_ ~;r~.":A...':;,;:.~~.... ...-.......... .N.__tH......._......-..-.._"_~~~~~~...~..........".....""'..~...............W .. ~_~.~~:-::-l~A~
~".:-... . ... . aJ.U~~--" ~":.v:==-:.=.:':.'"..-::..-.:::-..~...........,.-A--:::.:::rll~l~au ~~~ __ -.. ...........:....... .~L1JL...............-.....-::.
~~........ .' :.~.~ :.;....,-_.........~..~--:: ~....:::::::::.:...-:::::::::.:::..~"'::":":'"""';:'..~,.~_..._.,.....~"...........".",.-..._...._.".......__.......--:.~ -~:".....~.::;:;....._,_."'..._.~~~~. ..... ..... -~
Wilson's Plover
Sandy beadu!s, tidd mu4flms and savanna pools, rarely far from coastal
areas
~
.
~
.
Lesser Ye1lowlegs'"
~
Tundra and muskeg (breeding); marshest ponds, wet meadows, lakes and II
mudflats (nonbreeding) ;
Salt marshes (breeding); marshes, tidtll mudflats, beaches. lake margins and 'II
less frequently t open grasslands (nonbreeding) ,
Sandy areas, and grassy or mossy tundra (breeding); mu4!lalS. shallow
marshes, beaches, flooded fields, and shores of lakes and ponds
(nonbreeding)
Sandy beaches, especially where scattered grass tufts are present, in
migration and winter also mudflats, flooded fields and shores of lakes and
ponds
Rocky and sandy seacoasts and islands
Muskeg and tundra (breeding); marshes, ponds, lakes, stream margins,
lagoons and coastal mutlflats (nonbreeding)
\~
Semipalmated Plover*
Piping Plover*
American Oystercatcher
Greater Yellowlegs.
)
Willet
Spotted Sandpiper*
~ meadows. streams, lake margins, salt tnllrshes, beaches an4 ,I
Sedge-dwarf shrub tundra. moorlands and heath (breeding); beoches. tidal III
mudflats, marshes, estUIlrles, flooded fields and pastUre (nonbreeding) II
Whimbrel*
Long-billed Curlew*
Prairies and grassy meadows, generally near water, in migration and winter
occurring also on oeaches and mudflats ~
Marshes and flooded plains, in migration and winter also on mudjlms and
beaches
'II
.I
Marbled Godwit*
Ruddy Turnstone*
Dry, dwarf-shrub tundra, usually near water (breeding); rocky, barren or
pebbly coasts, sa:ndy betlches, mudjlfJts and shores of lakes (nonbJ'PM1ing) n
II
Barren or stony tundra (breeding); primarily seacoasts on ndd mudflats tl1U/
beaches (nonbreeding) 'If .
Dry sedge, barren or stony tundra (breeding); primarily sandy beaches, less n
frequently mudflats and shores of lakes or rivers (nonbreeding) '11
Coastal sedge-dwarf tundra (breeding); mudflals, beaches, shores or lakes II
and ponds, and flooded fields (nonbreeding)
Red Knot*
Sanderling *
Western Sandpiper'"
Least Sandpjper*
Mossy OT wet grassy tundra, occasionally in drier areas with scattered "I
scrubby brushes (breeding); wet meadows, mudflats, flooded fields, shores
of pools and lakes, sandy beaches (nonbreeding) , !I
Wet coastal tundra (breeding); mudflats, estuaries, marshes, flooded fields,
sandy becuhes and shores of lakes and ponds (nvnbreeding) . Ii'
Dunlin all
Short-billed Dowitcher:>l< Grassy or mossy tundrn. (breeding); mudflats, esnUlries, shallow marshes,
! pools. pond~, 0(~ded li('lds,an~_wruJt_~~~:!.~~~~nonbreeding) 11
r
;
.. -""",:",,,:,~-,,,,,,,-,,,,,,,,,,,.""'''t.....t ~..- . . ".0. ..0. "0 .0..... '0' .......... ..........................y......._.._""............,.......C........._........."
:.:;:~-:;;';;...;':.;~~r:=-~~~~::'~:::::::::::::..':::::..~~~--:::==::::..-_.,~ff.::o;;..".;.~.~rfS'~'~~-~'.;;;;:--:;.~~;;.--_.:'~"'n:':~;
-- 'lt1b1' ()... -."".,-" """""......................., ;1' ..... ~....,..~ ..... ............a?Jrt! ~. 'W=' UlllJttt't ~,. ,................
~.. ,""" .--..........._ _.........._. ,......-.......-._..,.""'_..#'0....,...... . ~. .......,...._...~ ......., _____~...:..I.. II ...............
~~ . ...........~ .....--...-........ - -~".................... " ,..............................".............. ~
- ~. . : ~~~.. ....~.... ~"" I.\. JId_ ~~""'l III ...,.. iii' ...t ".......11.. I. .. ....~......t_________-....__.""._ . ._~~..!.!.I!!.!!!!.~I~~....
Laughing Gull
Sandy islands with scattered patches of long grass(breeding);seacoasts, bays
and estuaries (nonbreeding)
Seacoasts~ bays, estUaries, rivers, lakes, ponds, irrigated fields and plowed
lands, breeding on rocky, grassy and sandy islets or isolates shores
Seacoasts, bays, estuaries, lakes, rivers, nesting on rocky or sandy coasts
Marshes, sloughs and wet meadows, primarily fresb-water (breeding);
pelagic, as well as along seacoasts, bays, estuaries, lagoons, lakes and
rivers(nonbreeding)
Sandy or gravely beaches and shell banks(breeding); seacoasts, bays,
estuaries, lakes marshes and rivers (nonb['tY'Lfing)
Opl!lL sandy beadt6 (breeding); seacoasts, lagoons and estuaries
( nonbteeding)
Sandy buJdu!s and flats (breeding); seacoast, bays, estuaries and mudjlals
(nonbreeding)
Sandy, pebbly or stony beaches, matted vegetation and grassy areas
(breeding);$~~ts, utuariu, bays, lakes, rivers and marshes
(non breeding)
Fresh-water and salt marshes, in migration and winter also seacoasts, bays~
esnuzries, rivers and lakes
Seacoasts, beaches, bays, estuaries, lagoons, la1ces and rivers, breeding Qn
sandy or gravelly beaches and banks of rivers or lakes
Sandy beaches, shell banks, coastal islands, tropical rivers, in migration
and winter also bays, lagoons and mudflms
Ring-billed Gull.
Herring Gull-
Black Tem*
Caspian Tern
Royal Tern
Sandwich Tern
Common Tern*
. .
Forster's Tern*
LeastTem
Black Skimmer
· = Not known to breed in Florida
.
,......
..~
JtecommendatioDS
....,"-'"'"
In order to accurately assess what effect the opening of Dunedin Pass would have on the
avifauna of the area, BRA n:commends the following. A rough estimate of the hours and cost
anticipated to accomplish each item is also presented.
(0' \0810\01 \07\wp. b1'a\mp<'Olevi, rr<)
3.
4.
s.
6.
7.
8.
t '
1. Exhaustive research to identify and describe in detail historic breeding bird
populations within the Pass area. This will provide a base that current conditions
can be compared to,
56 hours ............................... $3,500.00
11. '-,1
I '
i
J
i
f~"
i
<
t, '
I"',
,
2_
Identify and describe in detail current breeding bird populations within the
influence of the Pass. This will identify breeding bird populations that may be
affected within the pass area.
136 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . $8,500.00
.', '
. ," ,
J'-
Obtain monthly counts of wading birds and shorebirds within the Pass area. This
will quantify current avifauna! use within the pass area,
~ _I
, ,
'.' I
208 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . $11,500.00
Measure reproductive and fledging success of a selected breeding bird population
in the Pass area,
I,'
!
l
.
t\.~f
280 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $16,500.00
~ >. .
i
\,.,}
Compare reproductive success in the Pass area to other simjJar breeding bird
populations. This will allow the measurement of the "fitness" of the pass area
currently and allow the modelling of future "fitness" values,
56 hours .......... _ . . . . _ . . c . . . . . . . . . . . _ $3,100.00
f '
i
j
..u~
"-...."
Document predation and disturbance factors affecting breeding bird populations.
Provide the necessary data that will allow the modelling of predation and
disturbance rates on the breeding bird population once the pass is reopened,
40 hours ...... . . . .. , . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . I . . . . $2,200.00
f..
--.;
Measure disturbance rates of feeding/resting bird populations. Provide the
necessary data to model future disturbance rates,
96 hours ......... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $5,280.00
-....;
Measure disturbance rates, caused by boat traffic and/or human use, within an
existing population of shorebirds and wading birds at an existing open Pass.
Provide a basis from which a model of future disturbance can be generated,
96 hours ......... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . $5,280,00
~.Q..4
~tiI
.......
(8)
7 J ~UoIl'y 1994
......
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~ ;~~t;' ~~ :~:. _: ,"~' ,. '
.' ,'';> ,., '"C, ,.." z "~~", ;~.;.-+:' :";{'.\ "'~:::?:;'0'
" ." :;',;/ :~ ui ,:'''',.::i>;2'' ,.', " ;"'::';:;~!';'(+,i"";'
'. ,'. [j"":'~) ;:';;':;. .', ':',:, <'.~~'~" :':\. i
I", tJ.,',.";':,:.."., .~;:i~~:LITEKATuRE,ClTEV.: . ,':':;:{J\f: ,,,.;:.'. I
, , ~~ ' ~".""
,0" ,'~t, ',: <" ";'. ~ > '. ,.~ :t.:~,~>/;y:~ .,-.-.:.:
: "l '. ~ 'z,:..", .,/.:'i';;~}:..';:\jt.J~. '. '. ,,"
(l1 '-, ,..; ,:,:,.:: .'~:" - ":.- . - ~~ -, ~.j c.~ ~ ~~~...~; r -~ "~~~.~~-:~~~,J' ., '~<
... ....., 'JAmerlcan Ornithologists' Union. 1983. Check-list of North American birds', 6th edition'~' Allen <,':i~L .'~' " ".
" Press Ino 877pp ",;,:C":;].:;;,.,:',
.. Ehrli~h. P~R., D.' S. Dobkins, D. Wheye. 1988. The birder's handbook. Simon and Schuster':.*>i,~!!\~:~' ..
In 785 l.i(:"
C. PP. , ,,{,~j~;i: .,.' ,
.', ' ' , '. . , .: < ", ';.- ./>"':' .~~->':,...:>~.'\~~>;.,.,;~.~:~:.~~,.~:"-=-'<~.~\",~ ">".. ,~:..:
Xale, n. H. W., D. S. Maehr. 1990.~:F,lorida,.~' bir<is:',a,.handboQk ,and"refere~ce.:,'Pi.~eappJ~:(j;li:'~~,',:;:.,~;'":~"':;'.,:, ,.",'
Press, Inc. 288pp. '.. ,'. ; d:, ".:.~':j."~ '(,-'i;!'" ';.' , , ."...,",. '.i'.'C.,/.Y~;~,F; <!'\;:J::_";~'~"'?;':' '.:' "
,. '".: .,..' x',:" ,y,.:\,'>, '::!t:;>'~ '~l,':;
Patton, S. 1987. BRA report. . . :..,','. '.:'iiXi'i",i. > ',:;'{:
, .,;,: ,~~;.:
Scott, W.E.D. 1887. AUK 4: 273-284.', ,:,'(,
, > ~,":
" '~~I'~ ~
, Sprunt, A. 1r. 1954. Coward-McCann, Inc. NiY;;5:?s:~
.'
I;.}'~G.:
}' tif::
\."';"
,:, r""
"f::
" 'E\ ,.
;"0 ". "'..- , 1980. Florida Region. American Birds..,."':::
'; - ", ""/'."
".:,', ' : ",:' " ",
'0< >::,{" ;". · 1960. Florida Region. Audubon Field Notes. ":t
ItV~.~r,,:\" ~:'/~';'''/':;~ 1950. Florida Re~~n...~udUbon Field Notes.:.,(,;"
"",":":/ :';,~c",' :"",:,::;;.):~"";'.,,,;'. .
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~
I LAB, NO,: 69590
h.1
MATERIAL: Lt. Gray Fi ne Sand w/Tr. of SlIla 11
,-PROJECT: Dunedin Pass
L' : SOURCE Of SUPPlY, P.O. 1037191
" CONl'RACTOR:
CLIENT:
r REPORTS TO:
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Central Florida Testing Laboratories, Ine.
'Jr.~tl.~ :Dr.C7r.lo prru.n.t and cRr.ua 'fAh.
1400 STARKEY ROAD LARGO. FlORIDA 34841
Pinellas: (813) 581.7019 HUlaborough: (813) 681-7197
Pinellas County Engineering Dept.
Pinellas County Engineering Dept.
SAMPlED BY;
She 1 1 SAMPlED FROM:
DATE SAMPLED:
TESTED BY:
DATE TESTED:
DATE REPOATED:
TS & DL
Dunedin Pass
01-19-90
Lab
01-22-90
01-24-90
" SIEVE ANAL. YS 1 S ' " '\'.i~;:;" '
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Central Florida Testing Laboratories, Inc.
fJE.~l:.i~ f)::,E.uE.Loprru:.nl:. arul <:::RE.UA.U!.h
1400 STARKEY ROAD LARGO, flORIDA 34641
Plnellas: (813) 581-7019 Hlllaborough: (813) 681-7197
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Pinellas County Engineering Dept.
Pinellas County Engineering Dept.
SAMPLED BY:
SAMPLED FROt.l:
DATe SAMPlED:
TESTED BY:
DATe TeSTED:
DATe REPORTED:
TS ~ DL
Dunedin Pass
01-19-90
Lab
01-22-90
01-24-90
,.....
~ '
t, !
LAB, NO,: 69590
MATERIAL: Whi te Fine Sand
PROJECT: Duned in Pass
SOURCE Of SUPPLY, P. 0.1037191
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1400 STARKEY ROAD LARGO. FlORIDA 34841
Plnellas: (813) 581-7019 HUlaborough: (813) 881-7197
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L: lAB. NO,: 69590
NATERIAl.: Whit.e Fine Sand
PROJECT: Duned in Pas s
r SOUACEOFSUPPLY, P. O. .037191
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CLIENT:
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Pinellas County Engineering Dept.
Pinellas County Engineering Dept.
SAMPlED BY:
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Dunedin Pass
01-19-90
Lab
01-22-90
01-24-90
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:JE.~t{.rn.J fhE.tJ'l:,topnu.n.t and c:RE.~'UJh
1400 STARI<EY ROAD LARGO. FlORIDA 34641
Pinellas: (813) 581.7019 Hlllaborough: (813) 881-7197
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LA8. NO,: S9SQO
MATERIAL: Whi t.e Fine Sand ",/Trace
~~~n Dunedin Pass
SOURCE OF SUPPl.Y. PO. .0::17 4 Q 1
CON11\ACTOR:
Cl.IENT:
REPORTS TO:
of Shell
SAMPUD BY:
SAMPLED FROM:
DATE SAMPLED:
TESTED BY:
DATE TESTED:
DATE REPORTED:
TS Ie DL
Dunedin Pass
01-.lQ-QO
Lab
01-22-90
01-24-90
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Pine.las County Eneineering Dept.
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1400 STARKEY ROAD LARGO. FlORIDA 34841
Plnellas: (813) 581.7019 HlIl8borough: (813) 881.7197
",..
t." lAB, NO.: 69590
MATERIAL: Whi te Fi ne Sand w/Trace of She II
fL" PROJECT: Duned i n Pas s
I . SOURCE OF SUPPLY. P.O. 1037191
i,1 CONTRACTOR:
CLIENT: Pinellas County Engineering Dept.
r~" REPORTS TO: Pinellas County Engineering Dept.
l~,
SAMPLED BY:
SAMPLED FROM:
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DATE TESTED:
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TS & 01.
Dunedin Pass
01-19-90
Lab
01-22-90
01-24-90
c
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SIZE
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3/8"
No. 4
No. 10
No. 20
No. 40
No. 80
NO. 200
No. 270
100.0
99.4
98.8
96.9
94.4
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1400 STARKEY ROAD LARGO, flORIDA 34641
Plnellas: (813) 581-7019 Hll1aboC'ough: (813) 681-7197
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Pinellas County En~ineerin~ Dept.
Pinellas County En~ineerin~ Dept.
SAMPlED BY:
SAMPLED FROM:
DATE SAMPLED:
TESTED BY:
DATE TESTED:
DATE REPORTED;
TS 8t DL
Dunedin Pass
01-19-90
Lab
01-22-90
01-24-90
-
l
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LAB, NO,: 69590
MATERIAL: Lt.. Grav Fine Sand wI Small She II
PROJECT: Dunedin Pass
SOURCE Of SUPPLY, P. O. 1037191
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Cl.IENT:
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,";::~":'J:S\:>~";:',: ., ,'" " ,,' ",;:,. :, :,' , " '"'<',',,;,:'" , ',: ':,: ;:;,,' '7 '>',;;::c':,:':;:i:;" ;:i;;:,
.[ - '/ ,,': :;:Z',':;' ,,',',' ; ":,,, . ",' " ','.., ' ;. "';;>""::,:;'(;':.,;~:
;.'" :::.',,::':..,">;{:',:',:/,' .,;,:. .. " ' " ",.. " ,"'" ,"',: .,'.:; \',::>::":<':1';;;;,
',: .:':' ::::':,'gX{: '" ,- , " ",~ ".' ,.' ", ,..".
",':, ,,", ,.",,~, '", ' " " :" ".." ,',"
: ,'/: ~,:' .ii:: :', ,.' .,: " '.'_' .,' ..
, ,', ',':,..?~~ " ." ,"
, ': ,;':,,: ',0' :
;)"':'0'\'/: ' \ ': "
,::~').,:';~:: ii.,:': ,;"
::,' ,,'" ":~:,'" :,: "
: :",:>::, ""i';.i,' Y';
, ...'/;,' ci,;, ":' ' ,
, . :,:c\,
. .",>i ... ;~""!;":
,.-",'" .
1/2"
3/8"
100.0
98.9
fl';
f :
f.'"J
SIEVE ANALYSIS
Sample: 7.5' to 9.0'
~1
t~
SIZE
" PASSING
o
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
NO.
No.
4-
10
20
40
80
200
270
:,.:'>'::,.:..';', . ::. J : <'
'.~.:i>.' '
96.2
88.0
77.4
72.0
59.7
4.5
4.1
r~
tt.. '
M
if i
LJ
"",).
':",';:
.,t
:'U
..:,.'.
.',
i:t
Ii I
" ,:aJ
tit '
'LJ
.,1
t I
..
~. '1 (
r!
:!' f
w.wl
'1
i
"-'
.' ....". ~', " .. " . , ....' l . .' > .
Central Florida Testing ~boratories, Inc.
CJE. ~tin9 f)::;,t; CJ'E.[O pnunt ad c:::R E.!1.E.4 'l.C.h
1400 STARKEY ROAD lARGO, FlORIDA 34641
Plnellas: (813) 581-7019 Hlllsbofwgh: (813) 681.7197
",.,..
t lAB, NO,:
\;,.,J
69590
MATERIAL: White Fine Sand w/Trace
PROJECT: Duned in Pas s
~'
SOURCE Of SUPPlY. P.0.1037191
L~ CONTRACTOR:
Cl.IENT:
REPORTS TO:
of She 1 1
SAMPLED BY:
SAMPLED FR0t.4:
DATe SAMPlED:
TESTED BY:
DATe TESTED:
DATE REPORTED:
TS f.r 01.
Dunedin Pags
01-19-90
Lab
01-22-90
01-24-90
Pinellas County Engineering Dept.
Pinellas County Engineering Dept.
r-:
.
I
.....~
"-,
; f
i
~......-'
SIEVE ANALYSIS
r-,
~ .
!'. I
i ,t
~
Sample: 6.0'to 7.5'
" PASSING
r
,~ '. '., . l~' . r.. \ . ;', \
r'
,-
Central Florida Testing Laboratories, Inc.
ClE.~ti~ r:DE.O'E.[oprru.nt and cRE.~'U!.h
1400 STARKEY ROAD lARGO, FLORIDA 34841
Plnellas: (813) 581.7019 HlIlsborough: (813) 681.7197
I
I, .
,.-
j
l, I LAB, NO,: F;~5g0
......TERIAL: Lt.Grav Fine Sand 1oI/Tr. of Small
r- PROJECT: Duned i n Pass
I ,SOUACEOFSUPPLY. P.0.1037191
...., CONTRACTOR:
CliENT:
r" REPORTS TO:
I
I, "
Pinellas County En~ineering Dept.
Pinellas County Engineering Dept.
SAMPlED BY:
She I I SAMPI.ED FROM:
DATE SAMPlEO:
TESTED BY:
DATE TESTED:
DATE REPORTED:
,. c; ~ nI.
Dunedin Pass
01-19-90
Lab
01-22-90
01-24-90
,--..
I
L,_-
,..-.
I'
l, j
L.;
SIEVE ANALYSIS
Sample: 9.0' to 10.5'
SIZE
" PASSING
3/8"
No. 4
No. 10
No. 20
No. 40
No. 80
NO. 200
No. 270
100.0
97.8
92.0
87.0
'82.7
41. a
1.6
1.2
, , '
. '. .
,C lass! ficatlon
I
~
I'
l.
L
~" "
* . . ~~ '_( ': 1_". I " ~, .. .~, -\' . ~ . ........ ' ..... .
.t.., J: ,',,' ~.~ ~.\ p
I
Central Florida Testing Laboratories, Inc.
:JE.~tlnlJ !l)~(JE.[opnu:.nt and c:::RE.U4'tC.h
1400 STARKEY ROAD LARGO. FLORIDA 34641
Plnellas: (813) 581-7019 HIIIsborough: (813) 881-7197
LAB. NO,: 69590
MATERIAL: Lt. Gray Fine Sand wI Small Shell
PROJECT: Dunedi n Pass
SOURCE OF SUPPLY. P. O. .037191
CONTRACTOR:
Cl.IENT:
REPORTS TO:
Pinellas County Engineering Dept.
Pinellas County Engineering Dept.
SAMPLED BV:
SAMPLED FROM:
DATE SAUPI.EO:
TESTED BY:
OATE TESTED;
DATE REPORTED;
TS ~ DL
Dunedin Pass
01-19-90
Lab
01-22-90
01-24-90
n
I
t.
,....
" I ,
i dH\
n
r
r'"
i i
r~~
, L~i
'SIEVE ANALYSIS
Sample: 10.5' to 12.0'
SIZE
" PASSING
1/2"
3/8"
No. 4
No. 10
No. 20
No. 40
'No. 80
NO. 200
No. 270
100.0
99.4
92.2
78.1
64.7
53.0
18.0
1.8
1.4
t .'~
1
~ ,
~
! !
*W
tl ,
,
,
'! '
....
',' '. \,' '~ . .', .,' " '._ ,. . lIP _ .: . ',. '.""
rm
I
i
\
i;~'
I,
Central Florida Testing Laboratories, Inc.
ClE.~tin.f} CJ:::>E.V'E.{op.nun.t ad cRE.~'CC.h
1400 STARKEV ROAD LARGO. FLORIDA 34641
PInelIas: (813) 581-7019 HlIlsborough: (813) 681.7197
,,{n
I
I,
LAB. NO,: 69590
MATERIAL: Lt.. Grav Fine Sand wI Sma 11 She 11
,.._ PROJECT: Duned in Pass
,SOURCEOFSUPPLY. P. 0.1037191
I", CONTRACTOR:
CliENT:
r- REPORTS TO:
Pinellas County En2ineerin2 Dept.
Pinellas County En2ineering Dept.
SAMPLED BY:
SAMPLED FROM:
DATe SAMPLED:
TESTED BY:
DATe TESTED:
DATe REPORTeD:
TS 8t DL
Dunedin Pass
01-19-90
Lab
01-22-90
01-24-90
... .
..-
I
.
l. _
SIEVE ANALYSIS
r"
i
.-.
Sample: 12.0' to 13.5'
.--
I
\
\0....
SIZE
" PASSING
tp"""'.
I
L;
1/2"
3/8"
No. 4
No. 10
No. 20
No. 40
No. 80
NO. 200
No. 270
100.0
97.1
88.5
77.3
60.3
48.1
12.2
1.5
1.2
i
I
, i
;
(','0.;,
' ,
W
r-';
" · 1", "
" I;',:
w
. . "
'. . ..
Unified SoilClas~iftc~tion - SP
" rei
; f..,
~...j'
~' ..~
,. "
<,
i
r
........
i
-
i.,
I
i
~i
~ "
. - : '.. '. I J' , ~ I , n'. ~ . \ ., , "
t:. .
.
;
\ '
Central Florida Testing Laboratories, Inc.
fJE.1.tln'j CJ:JE.fJ'E.Loprru:.nt and ed?E.ua.'LC.h.
1400 STARKEY ROAD LARGO. FLORIDAS4&41
Plnellas: (813) 581.7019 HlIlsborough: (813) 681.7197
;-.
-
I
t i
Pinellas County En~ineerinQ Dept.
Pinellas County EngineerinQ Dept.
SAMPLED BY:
SAMPLED FROM:
DATE SAMPLED:
TESTED BY:
DA TE TESTED:
DATE RePORTED:
TS &. DL
Dunedin Pass
01-19-90
L.ab
01-22-90
01-24-90
-
I
l
lAB. NO.: 69590
MATERIAL: I..t.Gray Fine Sand wI Small Shell
PROJECT: Duned in Pass
SOURCE Of SUPPLY. P. O. 1037191
COHlJV.CTOfl:
CLIENT:
REPORTS TO:
.....
I
I ,
[
r:
SIEVE ANALYSIS
Sample: 13.5' to 15.0'
[;
SIZE
" PASSING
112ft
3/8ft
No. 4
No. 10
No. 20
No. 40
No. 80
NO. 200
No. 270
100.0
99.4
.95.1
90.2
83.5
71.4
19.8
2.6
2.2
f'~
t '
I
b1;".
n
..
Unified Soil Classification -SP
r:
. ~
-
t'l
i I
;..-.j
f:.,.
I !
~ ;
, .
-
f!
i ;
i. ,
'-J
I"
I
i......
. .' \ -::- ~ . ~ , -, l' . l' "l t .,..,.. .
r"
, ,
Central Florida Testing Laboratories, Inc.
ge~ti.n'3 f):)r.vr.lop.me.nt a.d cRe~'U!.h
1.wo STARKEY ROAD lARGO. FLORIDA 34641
Pinellas: (813) 581-7019 HlIlsboroogh: (813) 681-7197
r~ .
.,....
i lAB. NO,: 69590
i ; MATERIAL: Gray Fine Sand wI Small She 11
PROJECT: Dunedi n Pass
JI"'" SOURCE OF SUPPLY. P. O. .037191
I CONTRACTOR:
. .
CLIENT:
r-" REPORTS TO:
Pinellas County Engineering Dept.
Pinellas County Engineering Dept.
SAMPlEO BY:
SAMPLED FROM:
OA TE SAMPLEO:
TESTEO BY:
OA TE TESTED:
OA TE REPORTED:
TS l.t DL
Dunedin Pass
01-19-90
Lab
01-22-90
01-24-90
SIEVE ANALYSIS
Sample: 15.0' to 16.5'
'SIEVE SIZE
% PASSING
......
1/2"
3/8"
No. 4
No. 10
No. 20
No. 40
No. 80
NO. 200
No. 270
100.0
99.7
96.7
85.8
68.0
48.9
11.5
3.3
2.8
\;.....
'':''''
i :
f !
--
t' ~
......;
""'~-
. .
:. ,
f ~
'-..:...,
Soil
- SP
fd "
~
~ '
f '
...;.;
j"'
!;~ .
L
[
L..
, ,