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Marina Facilities Element of the Clearwater Comprehensive Plan ......~. " /t=i'C ~ . "."y. "'''''''P'\ 4-~ , . "....11\ i ~ I , r ;!i.':- !f,;H.':. , . I~ l . ~ " ,,' i ~ { . - MAIiINAFACltIT/~S El.i,EMENT OiF THE. , , '... '.',c, . . .).' .. , - . . 0<1.:' ji....i::i:A'..,.R. '.' ..'W!...A...T....E.. ,....R.. ,i:IIt:-.;ft ',"" .: ':' '.: , :-'.' , . COMPliE!MiENSIVE PlA1N I 1 . ,: . ! CLEARWAT'lf' ~iL:ANNING DEPARTM'~NT 1 PFt,EPAFliED BY: '''.: "", ,-'; J ,.: <>~ j: ~",. j . ' " , e MARINA FACILITIES ELEMENT OF THE CLEARWATER COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - PREPARED BY: CLEARWATER PLANNING DEPARTMENT April, 1983 e e e e I. II. I II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. CON TEN T S INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . EXISTING ~~RINA FACILITIES. CURRENT AND PROJECTED ~~RINA FACILITY DE~ND. ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC/PRIVATE ~~RINA OWNERSHIP . . ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ~RINAS GOALS AND POLICIES. . . ~~RINA SITE ASSESS~lliNT. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION. 1 7 .14 .19 .26 .39 .41 .60 1 e TABLE 1 : TABLE 2 : TABLE 3 : TABLE 4 : TABLE 5 : TABLE 6 : TABLE 7 : e MAP: ~1AP : ;o.,lAP: e TABLES AND MAPS Public Wet-storage Marina Facilities. Public Dry-storage Marina Facilities. Non-public Dock Facilities. Distribution of Docks . . Total Boats Registered in Pinellas County and Clearwater. Distribution by Ownership: Clearwater Residents. Docking Space in Clearwater . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 .11 .12 .13 .15 .15 .16 Sensitive Habitat Location Maps: Clearwater Beach. Sand Key. . . . Island Estates. North Harbor. . Downtown Bayfront Harbor Oaks . . . . . . North Tampa Bay South Tampa Bay ... Publicly Owned Lands Evaluated for Marina Feasibility Recommended Marina Sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 .30 .31 .32 .33 .34 .35 .36 .45 .57 11 . . . I . INTRODUCTION Clearwater is the only municipality on the Pine lIas peninsula whose boundaries extend from Tampa Bay to the Gulf of Mexico. In- cluding Clearwater Beach, Sand Key, Island Estates, the bayfront and Tampa Bay shorelines, there are slightly more than 50 miles of marine shore within the corporate limits of the city, encompassing some 3,380 acres of navigable water surface. This report is designed to be adopted as one of the elements of the Comprehensive Plan for the City of Clearwater consistent with the provisions of Chapter 163 F.S., the Local Government Comprehensive Planning Act of 1975. Consistent with this purpose, the report inventories existing marina facilities, projects future needs and sets forth recommended courses of action within the framework of the City's Comprehensive Plan. Entrance to Clearwater Harbor from the Gulf of Mexico is ob- tained through Clearwater Pass channel, a federally constructed and maintained waterway with a controlling depth of 10 feet at Mean Low Water (MLW) from the Gulf to Clearwater Pass bridge. The control- ling depth of all federally maintained navigation channels within Clearwater Harbor is 8 feet at MLW. The Intracoastal Waterway which passes through Clearwater Harbor near the mainland is a link in a federal inland waterway system extending from New Jersey to Texas. The local section of the Intra- coastal Waterway terminates approximately 13 miles North of Clearwater at Anclote Anchorage. Vessels transiting from that point northward to the Florida panhandle must do so in the open Gulf. - 1 - The navigation channel through Dunedin ~ass was discontinued by the Coast Guard in 1968 due to heavy siltation. With Coast Guard permission, the City of Clearwater attempts to maintain a marked navigation channel through the pass providing a controlling depth e of approximately 4~ feet at MLW. When navigable, this channel is used by small recreational watercraft. While those portions of Tampa Bay within Clearwater city boundaries contain no marked or maintained navigation channels, water depth is generally adequate to support activities of smaller recreational watercraft. There are no docking or launching facili- ties for use by the public in the Clearwater sector of Tampa Bay. Water areas within that sector are generally used by boats launched from public launching ramps on the Hillsborough County side of Courtney Campbell Causeway or docked on the Tampa Bay. The limited depth of Clearwater Harbor and its approach chan- nels prevents use by large cargo and passenger-carrying vessels. The Intracoastal Waterway North of the entrance to Tampa Bay is e not normally used by tug and barge operators or other commercial vessels. The focus of local marine activity is largely tourism and recrea tion, al though the harbor is used by a few s"mall commercial fishing vessels. From a recreational boating point of view, Clearwater Harbor occupies a prominent position in a boating-oriented area. Clearwater Pass is the only federally maintained inlet channel linking the Gulf of Mexico with the Intracoastal Waterway between John's Pass, 15 miles to the south, and Anclote Anchorage, 13 miles to the north. Approximately 350,000 persons, or more than 44% of the entire popu- lation of Pinellas County, currently reside between those two points. Being few in number and separated by considerable distances, pro- tected harbors wi th immediate access to the Gulf of rlexico act as e focal points in stimulating demand for watercraft support facilities. For this reason Clearwater is the focal point of marine activity for - 2 - e e e ........- residents of other nearby municipalities such as Largo, Belleair, sections of Dunedin, Seminole, Pinellas Park, the nearby beach communities and many residents of Hillsborough County and points further inland. Local marine recreational activity is varied in nature and its evolution has paralleled the city's growth in population and its popularity as a vacation and seasonal resort. However, re- search included in this report shows growth in marina slip space has not kept pace with population increases. The range of activ- ity includes charter and party boat fishing, private and charter sailing, water skiing, diving and excursions. Local recreational boating is a year-round activity with no particular season, depen- dent only upon local weather conditions. The best boating weather 1S from April through October. Currently servicing local marine activities are three marinas of moderate size (one public rental marina, one private rental, -and one private condominium marina) and a number of other facilities including dry storage, boat yards, small commercial docks, yacht clubs, and launching ramps. Resort motels on Clean-later Beach pro- vide a few slips for rent or use by guests. A large and varied fleet of recreational watercraft is berthed at private residential docks. While the vast majority of Clearwater's shoreline is devoted to private residential use, waterfront residents having their own docks represent only a small fraction of the city's total housing stock. The center of heaviest population and almost all areas of significant projected population growth lie eastward of Clearwater Bay. Residents of this area, living near but not adjacent to navi- gable waters, generate the most intense demand for marina facilities. - .) - Demand covers the full spectrum of marine activity support facil- ities, from launching and dry storage facilities for smaller water- craft to large wet storage marinas for large craft. Clearwater's growth as a tourist and seasonal resort has stimulated demand for different types of marina facilities. The principal demand thus generated has been for docking space to accommodate watercraft engaged in private recreation, open-party fishing, charter fishing and sailing, bareboat chartering, diving charters, excursions, water skiing and other activities of an amusement nature. A second demand related to the resort aspect of Clearwater is for transient and seasonal dockage to accommodate cruising watercraft from other areas, particularly winter visitors from the north. Although facilities locally available for such vessels are few ln number and provide few amenities, demand contin- ues to increase. The "missing link" in the Intracoastal Waterway between Clear- water and North Florida acts as a stimulus in attracting transient cruising yachts to Clearwater. The distance between Clearwater and North Florida represents an average day's cruise and is just within the average fuel capacity of most cruising watercraft.. With no convenient port of call between, Clearwater becomes a "must" stop for such vessels. The local boating industry itself creates additional demands for marina facilities. The reputation for good workmanship enjoyed by local boat yards has resulted in an influx of boats from other areas. While awaiting admission for repairs or service at such facilities, or while awaiting pickup following repairs, most of - 4 - e e e e e e these craft require wet storage dockage facilities which are severely limited at the repair yards. A variety of watercraft are also manufactured locally, creating demand for dock space for exhibition and demonstration of such craft and for permanent dock- age following their sale. Finally, the City of Clearwater adds to the demand for marina space by its policy of not permitting the establishment of perman- ent anchorages for public use. In summary, the demand for marIna facilities in Clearwater evolves from many factors, but principally from the following: 1) The protected nature of Clearwater Harbor and its close proximity and easy access to the Gulf of Mexico; 2) Nearby centers of population for which Clearwater is the nearest point of access to the Gulf; 3) The growth of the community, both in permanent population and as a vacation and seasonal resort; 4) Clearwater's unique location near the northern terminus of the Florida West Coast Intracoastal Waterway and its consequent popularity as a stop- over point for cruising watercraft; and 5) The large proportion of water-oriented persons who have chosen the Clearwater area as a place to live. Marinas make a significant contribution to the local economy. Obviously, they provide revenue to the marina operator, and the marina operation itself provides employment within the community. The Clearwater Municipal Marina provides space for more than 50 separate commercial enterprises functioning as tenants of the City. These enterprises provide employment for approximately 200 persons and generate total gross revenues estimated at approximately four million dollars per year. Further, the availability of marina - 5 - space encourages purchase of boating accessories, supplies, and e fishing equipment, which provide revenue to businesses which may not be at the marina site. As well, marinas stimulate purchases of boats. Because there are a significant number of boat manu- facturers in the County, the linkage between marinas and the economy extends to the local industrial sector. On the positive side, the current Clearwater marina 1S a valuable asset to the local recreation/tourist complex. The fishing fleet's capacity of approximately one thousand persons per day impacts strongly on the local resort industry, as does the attraction of the marina to transient cruising watercraft. Given Clearwater1s advan- tageous location on the Gulf coast, a lack of adequate dockage facilities serves to discourage transient boaters. Many transient boaters, including participants in' ocean and gulf sailing events, e may skip Clearwater because of the uncertain availability of docking facilities, reducing the volume of business available to the local resort,. entertainment and service industries. The specific purposes of this element are: 1) To inventory existing marina facilities within the City according to function, size and ownership; 2) To assess current and future demand for additional marina facilities; 3) To examine the economics and propriety of private and public marina ownership; 4) To provide general information on the environmental impact of marinas in Clearwater; 5) To define general goals to meet community needs for additional marina facilities and to propose policies to meet those goals; 6) To recommend sites suitable for public marina development ~ based on key criteria of feasibility; and ~ i) To review the intergovernmental coordinating and approval procedures necessary for marina development. - 6 - e II. EXISTING MARINA FACILITIES A complete inventory of all docking facilities within the City limits of Clearwater was conducted during January, 1979. The results are provided in Tables 1 through 4. Table 1 - Public Wet-storage Facilities Table 1 is a tabulation of publicly and privately owned marina facilities providing wet-storage slips on a rental basis to the public. The following items of significance are extracted: The most recent marina construction in Clearwater occurred In 1958; All existing wet-storage marina facilities in the City were constructed during a six-year period between 1952 and 1958; e Clearwater Marina was expanded by 35 slips in 1976; A total of 429 wet slips are provided, 159 of which are covered and 270 are uncovered; 223 slips are privately owned and 206 are publicly owned; All slips are 100% occupied and waiting lists containing 213 . names are maintained; Slips are capable of accommodating boats up to 85' in length. (Boats generally accommodated are in the 25-40 foot range with peak demand in the 25-35 foot range.) An average of seventeen slips at the Clearwater Marina are maintained for transient boaters. e - 7 - TABLE 1 - PUBLIC WET-STORAGE MARINA FACILITIES ISLAND YACHT CLEARWATER BAY CLEARWATER IS. ESTATES HARB'OR .. MARINE WAYS MARINA MARINA STA. OWNERSHIP PRIVATE . PRIVATE PUBLIC PUBLIC YEAR BUILT 1958 1930 1952 1958 LAST EXPANDED 1955 1976 SLIPS ADDED 103 35 TOTAL SLIPS 120 103 168 38 OCCUPANCY 100% 100% 100% 100% MAX. BOAT SIZE 80' 65' 85' 45 ' WAITING LIST YES YES YES YES NO. NAMES ON WAITING LIST 50 25 138 INCL. NO. COVERED SLIPS 120 38 1 o NO. UNCOVERED SLIPS o 65 167 38 Source: Clearwater Marina Department, May, 1979. - 8 - e e e e e . ~ Table 2- Public Dry Storage Facilities Table 2 is a tabulation of those facilities which provide dry storage space for small, generally motorized, watercraft. As indicated in the table, High and Dry Marina and Midway Boatel, both located on Island Estates, provide dry storage space for 405 boats of 24 foot length or less. The other two facilities listed in Table 2 were so listed for informational purposes. Neither facility offers dry storage space for public rental. Development of dry-storage facilities is a relatively recent phenomenon in Florida. Designed to accommodate small recreational watercraft in the trailerable range, they provide a number of advantages to boat owners and to communities. The owner of a boat benefits by elimination of the need for a trailer and by having the boat stored when not in use in a dry, protected area removed from the corrosive elements of salt water and from the damaging effects of weather, direct sun- light, marine borers, barnacles and other elements and organisms. The community benefits through conservation of open water sur- face space which would otherwise be devoted to dock structures. Stacked five-high in an efficient dry-storage facility, boats take up less than one-fifth of the flat-surface area they would preempt if placed singly in wet-storage slips. The comparatively low maintenance costs and efficient use of upland air space for storage has permitted dry-storage facili- ties to flourish during a period when limited space, increasing construction costs and diminishing profits have caused a decline in wet-storage marinas. - 9 - Although they are much more efficient than wet-storage facili- ties, the ability of dry-storage facilities to meet community needs ts limited by the size and type of watercraft they can accommodate. Generally, the more cumbersome and heavy the boat, the more the effi- ciency of a dry-storage facility is reduced. Watercraft heavier than the average 24 foot vessel generally require more exotic equipment and more delicate handling than can be provided at such a facility. Also, sailboats of any length are necessarily excluded because of masts, keels and hull configuration. Dry-storage facilities have therefore evolved to fill a particular community need in providing storage for power boats up to 24 feet in length. With such facilities available, it is most unusual to find a motorboat less than 24 feet in length occupying a public wet storage slip anywhere in the community. Slips of a size suitable to accommodate such watercraft are now generally occupied by small sailboats. In short, dry-storage and wet-storage marinas do not compete. Each complements the operation of the other. It should be noted, however, that the two major facilities currently providing dry- storage space are both 90% occupied and if not expanded will soon be saturated, resulting in increased demand for wet-storage slips. - 10 - e e e e TABLE 2 - PUBLIC DRY-STORAGE MARINA FACILITIES HIGH & DRY MIDWAY MARINA BOATEL ROSS YACHT SERVICE YACHT YARD SOUTH OWNERSHIP PRIVATE PRIVATE PRIVATE PRIVATE YEAR BUILT 1962 1960 1966 1950 EXPANDED 1974 1967 CAPACITY (NO. BOATS) 325 80 30 * 12* MAX. SIZE BOAT 24' 21' 65'* 45'* e OCCUPANCY 90% 90% 100% 100% * Yacht Yard South and Ross Yacht Service are primarily engaged in service, repair: and outfitting of large sailboats. Rental storage space is not normally available. Source: Clearwater Marina Department May, 1979 Table 3 - Non-Public Dock Facilities Table 3 complet~s the inventory of docking facilities within the City and contains a tabulation of docks which, due to private ownership and use, membership or residence requirement, or other special condition or classification, are not normally available for rental occupancy by the general public. e - 11 - Slips at yacht clubs have decreased in number during the past 20-year period. The 28 slips constructed at the new site of the Clearwater Yacht Club are only a partial replacement of SO-odd slips demolished at the former yacht club site in 1972. Although a few of the 304 slips at motels/ apartments are available for e rental to local watercraft owners, the majority are held for use by occupants of the facilities. During the period of 1958-1978, City Building Department records indicate that a total of 616 dock permits for construction of docks valued at $1,200,285 were issued for docks at private and multi- family residences and motels/apartments. This would indicate that of the 801 docks listed in Table 3, 616, or 77%, were constructed during the most recent 20-year period. TABLE 3 - NON-PUBLIC DOCK FACILITIES e CLEAR- SQ. FI. TOT.NO. ISLAND WATER SAND MAIN- TOT.NO. AREA OF BOAT ESTATES BEACH KEY LAl'I D DOCKS DOCKS SPACES PRIVATE RESIDENCES 461 161 0 47 669 7.7ACRES 1,003 MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENCES 25 0 1 1 27 1.5ACRES 140 MOTELS AND APARTMENTS 0 99 0 4 103 3.1ACRES 304 YACHT CLUBS 0 2 0 0 2 0.8ACRES 46 TOTALS 486 262 1 52 801 13. 1ACRES 1,493 Source: Clearwater Marina Department e May, 1979 - 12 - e TABLE 4: DISTRIBUTION OF DOCKS Total Surface Area of avigable Waters in City: 3780 Acres SURFACE AREA PRE-EMPTED BY DOCKS Surface Area Pre-empted by All Docks in City: 19.6 Acres Private Docks: 9.2 Acres (47.9%) Motel and Apartment Docks: 3.1 Acres (15.8%) e Private Yacht Clubs 0.8 Acres (4.1%) Private Commercial Use 0.4 Acres (2.1%) Privately Owned-Marinas 1.2 Acres (6.1%) Publicly Owned Marinas 4.9 Acres (25.1%) Source: Clearwater Marina Department, May, 1979 - 13 - I I I. CURRENT AND PROJECTED MARINA FACILITY DEMAND e Current Demand Specific identification of current demand for additional docking facilities can only be achieved by comparing the number of boat owners desiring dockage with the ability of local facilities to accommodate them. . Since the precise number of persons desiring dockage cannot be determined, absolute demand For the purpose of this report, it is conveni~nt to classify all boats normally using Clearwater Harbor into the following types: e Type 1. Engine-powered pleasure craft less than 24' in length which, when not in use are normally stored on trailers, at dry storage facilities, or hoisted on davits at .priva te docks. Type 2. Engine-powered pleasure craft greater than 24' in length and sailboats which, when not in use require wet-storage slips. Typ e 3. Engine and sail powered commercial craft such as open party boats, charter fishing and sailing boats, commer- cial fishing boats and similar vessels requiring the use of wet storage slips. The tabular data listed below includes all boats registered in Pinellas County by the Pinellas County Boat Registration Office and by the Florida Department of Natural Resources as of January 30, 1979: e - 14 - - TABLE 5. TOTAL BOATS REGISTERED - PINELLAS COUNTY: Type 1 Boats Type 2 Boats Type 3 Boa ts Total 38,610 221 38,831 TOTAL BOATS REGISTERED TO CLEARWATER RESIDENTS: Type 1 Boats Type 2 Boats Type 3 Boats Total 4,697 595 56 5,348 Source: Clearwater Marina Department January, 1979 Table 6 is a listing of boat ownership by Clearwater residents, broken into categories as to whether the owner lives at a water- front address and presumably stores the boat at a private dock, or is a non-waterfront resident and presumably stores his boat _ at a public facility or elsewhere, depending upon the type of boat. TABLE 6. DISTRIBUTION BY OWNERSHIP; CLEARWATER RESIDENTS: Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Boats Boats Boa ts Total Waterfront Residents 611 90 0 701 Non-Waterfront Residents 4,086 505 56 4,647 Totals 4,697 595 56 5,348 Source: Clearwater Marina Department, January, 1979 - - 15 - TABLE 7 - BOATS DOCKED AT PRIVATE SLIPS IN CLEARWATER Facility: Private Residential Docks Motels and Apartments Yacht Clubs Private Marinas No. Boats Docked: 90 60 18 104 128 Public Marina Total 400 Source: Clearwater Marina Department, March, 1979 e - 16 - e It is emphasized that the 400 boats listed above are of a type requiring wet storage slips and are owned by Clearwater residents. Subtracting these from the total of 651 such boats registered to Clearwater residents leaves 251 such boats un- accounted for at the time of the survey. Assuming that as many as 15% of these boats were outside the City as a matter of personal choice and not because of the shortage of slips, current waiting list information contained in Table 1 of Section II would appear to accurately define minimum current demand at 213 additional wet storage slips. Since 52 of the 56 commercially registered Group 3 boats listed in Table 6 are currently berthed at Clearwater Marina, the boats of Clearwater residents desiring wet storage slips e are assumed to be recreational pleasure craft and current demand would appear to be almost exclusively for slips for non- commercial recreational watercraft. By themselves, waiting lists are not considered to accurately depict current demand for the following reasons: 1) The same name may appear on the waiting list at more than one facility; 2) While anyone can place his name on the waiting list at a publicly owned marina facility, private marinas can either accept or not accept applications as they choose; 3) The length of a waiting list discourages many people from placing their names on it, particularly when in- formed they will probably wait one to three years before obtaining a slip; e - 17 - 4) Public marinas in Clearwater maintain a preferred waiting ~ list for Clearwater residents. This discourages residents of areas outside the city from placing their names on the lists; 5) The shortage of slips in Clearwater is a well-known fact in boating circles. In view of this, many persons who would otherwise be interested do not inquire; 6) Many persons inquire as to slip availability by telephone. When informed of the average waiting period, most do not bother with a waiting list; and 7) Many persons avoid the waiting list by purchasing a boat from an owner who already has a slip, then retaining the slip. Such boats are generally sold at inflated prices in what amounts to a de facto sale of the slip. Future Demand Current demand for 213 additional wet storage slips to accommodate boats owned by Clearwater residents has been estimated in the preceding sub-section. Clearwater's 1980 population was estimated at 85,528, with a total of 595 recreational watercraft ~ of a type requiring wet storage registered to Clearwater residents. This equates to one recreational boat requiring wet storage to each 143.6 residents. Clearwater's 1995 population is projected to be 139,730. Application of the above percentage indicated that, all else being equal, a total of 378 additional wet slips for recreational watercraft owned by Clearwater residents will be needed in 1995. Should the City decide to maintain the current ratio of transient-to-permanent slips, the number of additional wet slips needed would increase to 416. e - 18 - e IV. ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC/PRIVATE MARINA OWNERSHIP The evidence presented in the preceding sections indicates that there is an unmet need for marina space in Clearwater. Attracted by Clearwater's mild climate and proximity to open waters, people with an orientation toward boating have chosen to locate in the Clearwater area. Although not all new residents are similarly water oriented, it is significant to note that our City's population has grown from 32,000 in 1960 to 85,000 in 1980. Since that time, no new marinas have been built in Clear- water, and expansion of existing marinas have resulted in slip space for only 35 additional boats. The result, as demonstrated in this study, has been to overtax the limits of existing marinas. e Using the information presented in the previous sections, one can conclude that, if every boat not occupying a public marina slip were to disappear, everyone of the existing slips would be filled immediately by those on the waiting list. Given that there is such a significant unmet demand for marina space, one may well wonder why private enterprise has not moved in to fill this gap. In order to address this topic, the investment climate facing the potential private marina operation must be discussed. A primary element in creation of a private marina is selec- tion of a site. There is no scarcity of waterfront land. During the 1960's, many suitable marina sites were created as a result of dredge and fill activities. However, there are many different e uses competing for these sites. When considering the relative - 19 - rates of return from different investment options, it becomes evident that a greater and more rapid return on the private investment could be realized by converting waterfront land to residential or other related uses. Once the residential character of an area becomes established, it is enforced by governmental zoning action, thereby effectively excluding any remaining vacant property from development as a marina. When a developer looks at investment opportunities for any piece of land (but particularly expensive waterfront propert~ he or she looks at the risk versus the expected return. Given the possibilities of negative reaction from neighborhood residents or permitting agencies, the relatively low return on marinas vis-a-vis residential development, and the high land acquisition cost, private investment in new marina con~ struction is virtually precluded. Should an investor be determined to build a marina, and be fortunate enough to find a piece of land which is suitably zoned, he or she would then need to apply to the various state and local agencies for construction permits. Every activity required in the construction of a marina, from dredging to pier construction to removal of vegetation, to construction of landside concessions, would require a separate permit. This "permit puzzle" arose as a government reaction to the development excesses of the mid 60's, and efforts are underway to streamline the process, but the essential impact of the permitting process now IS to discourage construction of marinas and similar facilities. These obstacles of scarcity of land, Improper neighborhood character,and the difficulties in gaining permits have artifi- - 20 - e e e tit cally restricted the supply of dock space, causing the price of dock space to increase. If the price of dock space could rise indefinitely, the rate of return on marina operations could conceivably increase to a level which would make it worthwhile to invest in marinas. But, the vast majority of the boating public does not have the resources to pay the price. When faced with docking costs of perhaps $500 per month, most people will choose to give up boating. The limited number of people who would be left in the market would not be sufficient to support a marina operation. Therefore, the decision on the part of the private investor would again be negative. In summary, it is reasonable to assume that the lack of private investment in marinas has two main causes: e 1) the inability to make an attractive return at current marina rates, and 2) the inability of the boating public to pay at a level which would provide an attractive rate of return. The discussion thus far enumerates the reasons why, in a free market economy, a scarcity of marina facilities can continue to exist. The issue which then faces local officials is the proper role for government to take in alleviating this situation. It is generally accepted that municipal governments should provide only those services needed by the community which cannot reasonably be provided by the private sector. This tenet applies to marinas as well as to other activities and functions. It has e been demonstrated that the private sector is not currently meeting - 21 - the demand for marlna space. The question of local government intervention is then addressed to the issue of "need". There are approximately 225 persons on waiting lists for marina space. In a survey administered by the Planning Department in 1978, among the questions asked was "Do you think marinas are an asset to the City?" Of the 312 responses received, 273 people replied "yes". At the same time, however, 67% of the respondents stated that current efforts to protect the environment were inadequate. Therefore, residents' desires can be construed to be supportive of limited, careful marina operations. At the same time, the economic benefits of marinas previously outlined cannot be ignored. Briefly restated, local marinas provide direct employment and indirect employment through providing a market for boats and accessories. As part of the tourist/leisure complex, they complement hotel and motel operations. By pro- viding an avenue for local recreation activities, they encourage residents to spend their recreation dollar close to home. Since the previous section painted such a gloomy picture for the private investor, one may wonder why a government could consider a similar venture. Some assurance would have to be given the marina activities would not become a drain on other governmental revenues. Construction of facilities such as marinas is generally financed from the sale of revenue bonds. Prior to issuance of these bonds, a thorough study must be made to insure that these borrowed funds could be repaid from the revenues generated by the facility. When considering a public vs. private invest- e e e - 22 - ~ ment for a similar operation, several factors must be considered which make the investment more feasible as a government operation. Public entities, through the favorable tax status granted municipal bonds, are able to borrow funds at a lower rate than private individuals. This reduces the cost of construction, and therefore, the future which must be made on the project. More obviously, government operation of a mar1na is considered "successful" when revenues equal expenses. Without the necessity of generating a profit, a government marina needs a lower rate of return than a private investment. These two factors alone would be expected to reduce the break-even point to 15%-20% below that of a comparable private market operation. Added to this is the possibility that the proposed site may already be in public owner~ ~ ship, further reducing the necessary rate of return because the land would not need to be purchased at the current market price. In re-capping the discussion of the role of governments in marina development, it can be concluded that: 1) Marinas do serve a public benefit; 2) Residents of Clearwater have not indicated opposition to limited careful development of marinas; 3) The public sector may be able to provide this service when a private investor may not; 4) Even though some constraints are lessened when govern- ments build marinas, neighborhood impacts and established policies will remain key factors in marina facility siting. Once marina space 1S established, the City may choose to sell the property, lease it to a private operator, or operate the e facility as an arm of local government. The difference among these options is one of control. Once a facility is sold all, effective - 23 - control and responsibility are relinquished. It would be conceivable that subsequent operation of the marina would not continue to be effected in the best interest of the general public. Possible adverse effects could include inadequate maintenance and repair, raising of fees to a level beyond the means of most local residents and, ultimately, conversion to condominium marinas or other non- public use. A similar situation could exist under a lease arrangement. The City would relinquish control over most day to day operations of the marina while retaining some measure of responsibility for safe operation of the facility. In addition, the City would auto- matically become a third party in any disputes or litigation which may arise as a result of operation of the facility. Conceivably, however, the City could place sufficient safe- guards in a lease agreement to provide reasonable assurance that the operation of the facility remained consistent with City objec- tives. Problems of policing lessors would be the responsibility of the City, and should provisions of the lease be violated, liti- gation would probably be necessary to enforce the lease. The maximum public control over marina operations would be afforded by City ownership and operation of marina facilities. This is currently the case. By providing for public operation, the City insures that a portion of the slips are available to Clearwater residents, that the facilities are kept in good repair, that the boats, water and docks are kept clean so as not to become a public eyesore, that consideration is given to the various inter- ests of the boating public (recreational boaters, commercial party - 24 - e e e e e e boats, charter fishing and sailing boats, transient boaters) and that an equitable rate structure is applied to the various classes of users. In consideration of the foregoing, it would appear proper and logical for the City to continue with the ownership and operation of marina facilities, and to expand upon such ownership and opera- tion if that should be considered desirable. - 25 - V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF MARINAS e The principal impacts of marina development upon the natural environment can be summarized as follows*: 1) Potential loss of natural marine and shoreline habitats (in Clearwater namely; grass beds, tidal marshes and tidal mangrove swamps). Once lost these habitats cannot be replaced; marina development should avoid areas where these habitats exist. 2) Degraded water quality from heavy metals associated with stormwater runoff from parking facilities. The provision of retention ponds obviates this difficulty. 3) Short-term increase in water turbidity and associated loss of bottom dwelling life if dredging occurs. Studies have shown that in marine or estuarine areas, bottom life will replace itself within several months of dredging cessation, assuming no additional impacts occur in the area. e 4) Reduced tidal flushing of waters due to underwater obstructions such as pilings, boat hulls, etc.; Will create a higher concentration of pollutants in the marina area waters. 5) Leaching of poisons from anti-fouling coatings on boats in the marina; Will create higher concentration of copper and other toxic heavy metals in the marina area sediments. 6) Surface flotsam and oil slicks from englnes accumulate on marina waters. Oil slicks can be minimized at fuel docks by equipping fuel pumps with back-pressure, auto- matic shut-off nozzles. Flotsam can be regularly picked from water by marina attendents with pool cleaning nets. Otherwise, both these conditions are somewhat inevitable. e ~ource: "Environmental Impacts of Marinas and Their Boats", Chmura and Ross, University of Rhode Island Marine Memorandum 45,1978. - 26 - e From this summary it is obvious that while marinas do have some adverse impacts on the natural environment, many of these impacts can be mitigated by the way in which marinas are developed and managed. Of greatest environmental concern is the first im- pact listed: the potential loss of natural marine and shoreline habitats. The following inventory of these habitats in Clearwater is provided as an aid to future marina site recommendations. Marine Grass Beds Marina grass beds are composed in Clearwater, primarily of shoal weed and to a lesser extent of turtle grass. Shoal weed is predominant since it is better able to tolerate somewhat polluted waters. Marine grass beds provide habitat for microscopic plant e and animal life, invertebrates, small fish and juveniles of larger fish. The food chain progresses from here to human beings as the final consumers. Thus grass beds, together with tidal swamps and marshes, bear a direct link to the economlC use of coastal resources. Without these areas, commercial and sport fishing would cease to exist. The extent and location of the remaining local grass beds have been identified on the following maps taken from the Coastal Zoning Management Element, prepared by the Clearwater Planning Department. Tidal Marshes and Swamps Tidal marshes are comprised mainly of marsh grasses. In Clearwater, cordgrass, salt grass, saltwort and sea purslane pre- e dominate. These species are present along parts of the remaining natural shoreline because they survive daily tidal inundation and - 27 - thrive in sandy soil just above the tideline. Very few tidal marshes are left in Clearwater Harbor. On the Tampa Bay coastline, the marsh grasses are somewhat more numerous. Tidal swamps are dominated in Clearwater by mangrove trees. The red mangrove is more conspicuous with its many aerial "prop" roots. The red mangrove is the only species whose roots remain submerged at low tide. The roots of the black and white mangrove, also present in Clearwater, are generally submerged only during high tide. Once, islands comprised mainly of mangroves were extensive ln Clearwater Harbor. These mangrove swamp islands were bulldozed and burned and then pumped with fill to form buildable land. Today the nearest mangrove swamp island is Moonshine Island located in Dunedin just south of Caladesi Island, and the only extensive mangrove swamp re- maining in Clearwater is Cooper's Point, located on the Tampa Bay coastline. . Tidal marshes and tidal swamps are among the most biologically productive ecosystems in nature. These areas are nursery grounds for many marine species and are vital to their continued existence. Waterfowl, both permanent and migratory, are dependent on these ecosystems for food SOurces. In addition, mangrove trees provide rookeries for waterfowl and other birds, as well as cover and detri- tus for marine breeding areas. Mangrove swamps also provide a benefit to human habitation by effectively buffering adjacent upland areas from storm generated waves and wind. The remaining tidal mangrove swamps in Clearwater are. documented on the following maps taken from the Coastal Zone Management Element, prepared by the Clearwater Planning Department. - 28 - e e e ~ CLEARWATER BEACH KEY ISSUES 1. Protect dune areas. 2. Beach nourishment/ protection criti- cally important . 3. Beach nourishment desirable. 4. Pretreat storm dtainage. 5. Protect Grass Beds. OBJECTIVES A. Preserve single- family neighbor- hood. ~ B. Maintain low/mid rise deve lopmen t and neighborhood commercial uses. C. Develop boat basin. ~ ~ ~ , N D. Consider one-way pairs/landscaping improvements E. Enhance street- scape with land- scaping/ street furni ture. F. Landscape parking are as. e -29- SAND KEY KEY ISSUES 1. Protect grass beds. 2. Protect tidal flat. 3. Protect existing dunes. 4. Protect mangroves. S. Add/preserve vistas, access points (loca- tions approximate). 6. Monitor water quality in outfall locations and fingerfills. 7. Renew beach and dunes. OBJECTIVES A. Provide limited neighborhood commercial devel- opment. B. Continue existing low-rise develop- men t pattern. C. Landscape improved roadway. Consider use of landscaped medians, Boulevard cross- section. D. Develop jogging/ recreation path. E. Provide gateway. F. Provide pram/sailing center launch site. G. Provide public safety facilities. H. Develop compatible County park. -30- e ~N e e - e -- a " \ 1 o D NY'" ISLAND ESTATES/MEMORIAL CAUSEWAY 'yo 't'\ ./ KEY ISSUES OBJECTIVES 1. Protect Grass Beds. A. Expand capacity Maintain park like atmosphere 2. Retain natural shoreline. B. Develop Marine Science Center 3. Consider structural/non-struc- tural methods of stormwater treatment to improve water quality. 4. Require on-site detention in developing high-density area. C. Consider traffic operation improvements to reduce acc i den ts s. Protect Mangroves. -31- NORTH HARBOR KEY ISSUES 1. Monitor water qua1it~ retain mangroves. 2. Stabilize shore. 3. Preserve/ enhance vis tas. OBJECTIVES A. Develop linear park, bicycle path. B. Develop 1andscape/ gateway. C. Institute zoning compatible with exist- ing development scale. D. Potential redevel- opment area. E. Preserve existing structure. -32- . . \.. \ - 3 - ;\ <D \ \ 1 - ; \ \ ~ ~\ iB \~ r .-. \' :' I , r~ t --:::~ ' \ ~.~, \ f7'1 I \,," -1 , \ \~\ 1 \~ \",t.~) -"__"( \ '-r ~ l' \..l ~\...... \ I .------rxl ." ' ~~ 'r . \ ~""" ~ /' i' '-- ,\! \ \~8=1\ rr.- -~ -~ fi\ \~\ \ ' '. \ Ii J~, \ \!;) ;11 \ ' \ " ! I. .-........ in i\~ - do '- ,;/1 ; . i ';! '" --...,,,,// \\ I \ it. ~', \i.-f~1! / \" ill'l' 1\\ ~ -J ! I ~ h' . \. - \ # i It. 1 # f . \ fO \ ~ ~ . \ I i \ I \ f \ . . 1 ; j I 1 \ l j ~ N e e DOWNTOWN BAYFRONT KEY ISSUES 1. Protect grass beds. A. 2 . Monitor water quality. B. 3. Stabilize dirt pile, moni tor eroslon, siltation. C. 4. Introduce stormwater pre- treatment (in conj unction D. wi th area improvements) . E. @ OBJECTIVES I nD"U"WI4_.... ...... ... ! N :-~\.yl Enhance utilization, Coachman Park. Improve utilization/provide landscaping. Delineate pedestrian connector. Develop/enhance Gateway area. Incorporate into bay front park system landscape, enhance for recreational use. e F. Enhance vistas, provide addi- tional passive recreation. G. Clean-up/enhance for recrea- tional use. -33- HARBOR OAKS ~' I :D/ I I I' 'I " / i , 3 I I J , ~;. - 1\ I :..... f I , i I_ I ~ r e ~ 1 1; 1 1 i Ii II l! 1 li li I' .! 1/ I! e n il U i ! ~ ! N KEY ISSUES OBJECTIVES 1. Protect grass beds. 2. Monitor shoreiine. A. Maintain limits of office, hospital expansion. 3. Retain shoreline/bluff features and topography B. Develop/enhance waterfront vistas. 4. Retain dense tree canopy throughout entire area. C. Designate as historic dis tri ct. 5. Monitor water quality/treat runoff. D. Curtail high-rise waterfront developmen t. 6. Protect Mangroves e -34- e , N e FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS - NORTH TAMPA BAY NEIGHBORHOOD KEY ISSUES OBJECTIVES 1. Retain green belts. A. Permit only low intensity land uses. 2. Monitor water quality B. Develop bicycle path. 3. Retain productive estuarine system. C. Enhance scenic/recreational opportuni ties. 4. Protect grass beds. 5. Protect Mangroves D. Encourage annexation/sewage treatment for unincorporated enclaves. e E. Develop scenic/recreation potential of Performing Arts Cen ter. -35- 'I t ~ 'j" f~- r ,_c '/ i ~ ~ I [;)',f IL~. \'i~ J pi . "'\;.: I II Ql ".. ~!3 t r i j-~' t~ t +-1. 11'" . .~." .. IrC.J n C , j'- 'I r:- \\ l or:' Ir!-..J1 r"' '\ 1 , .-----.... II 0 D ~ ~ II I I \& ~I.~ ~'\, /---.. ~ ", II ~ \ , \ II '" I ..... J KEY ISSUES SOUTH TAMPA BAY NEIGHBORHOOD OBJECTIVES 1. Monitor discharges from treatment plant. 2. Monitor water quality, sedimentation. 3. Retain shoreline vegetation. A. Develop Historic District. B. Preserve/Research Indian mounds. C. Develop linear park-trail. e -" ! N D. Encourage low rise development. E. Expand recreational opportunities. -36- ) e Water Quality The State of Florida has classified the surface waters of the state into five classifications which are indicators of allow- able usage based on the quality of waters: Class I, Public Water Supplies Class II, Shellfish Harvesting Class III, Recreation/Propagation and management of fish and wildlife Class IV, Agricultural and industrial water supplies Class V, Navigation, utility and industrial use Water quality in Clearwater Harbor has been classified as Class III waters. Shellfish harvesting is not permitted in these waters, but whole body contact is. On average, the quality of water in Clearwater Harbor is moderate to good. A wide variation of water quality exists at specific locations. Water quality is 4It poorest where tidal flushing is restricted by finger fills, such as in the canals surrounding finger fills and at stormwater runoff outfall points. Here, dissolved oxygen levels are lowest, with turbid, silty water near major storm sewer outfalls. Water quality is best where the tidal flow is least restricted; namely, in the Harbor south of Memorial Causeway, east of Sand Key, where extensive marine grass beds exist, and east of Island Estates, south of Dunedin, where marine grass beds exist as well. Water quality in Old Tampa Bay and Upper Tampa Bay has been classified as Class II waters; that 1S, able to support shellfish harvesting. The actual water quality in certain areas is considerably poorer and shellfish harvesting has been banned due to the Clearwater East sewage treatment outfall immediately south of Courtney Campbell ~ Causeway and, in the north, to the outfall from the Safety Harbor - 37 - e sewage treatment facility. Nonetheless they remain classified as Class II waters because it is anticipated that these waters will once again support such use when these two outfalls are eliminated or relocated. Until then, the in-shore waters of Old Tampa Bay and Upper Tampa Bay are poor to moderate in quality. From the foregoing discussion of water quality, and given that marinas have some localized degrading effects upon .water quality as indicated previously in the list of environmental impacts of marinas, the selection of future marina sites in areas of existing poor water quality is preferable to areas of good water quality, since areas of good water quality should be preserved. Such preservation will not conflict with marina development, since for reasons of safet~ marinas should be located in areas of protected (i.e. restricted) waters e where water quality must inevitably be lower due to poor tidal flushing. e - 38 - 4It VI. GOALS k~D POLICIES The goals and policies which follow presume continued City ownership and operation of marina facilities. OVERALL GOAL: Expand and to continue to provide access to water based recreation to the citizens of Clearwater. OVERALL POLICY: Promote development of marina and boat launch facilities consistent with spatial, fiscal and environmental limitations. Goal: Maximize boat access to the Gulf of Mexico while mini- mizing automobile traffic disruption on Memorial Causeway. Policy: Coordinate the development of expanded marina capacity north of Memorial Causeway with the improvement of Dunedin Pass so as to minimize adverse impact on Memorial Causeway bridge openings. 4It Goal: Insure maintenance of navigational access through the Intra- coastal Waterway, Clearwater Pass and Dunedin Pass, by appropriate authorities, through methods that are environ- mentally safe and economically feasible. Policy: Seek to open and maintain navigational access through Dunedin Pass, with consideration of such financing options as increased fees and intergovernmental revenues. Goal: Insure that Clearwater's marine resources are used to directly benefit local residents. Policy: Reserve the majority of city-owned marina slips for City residents on a first-come, first served basis. Goal: Encourage young people to develop boating skills. Policy: Expand and continue to provide space where small non- motorized craft can be launched, and continue to provide support to the Parks and Recreation Department to provide supervised boating instruction. Goal: Insure that non-boat owners have access to marine recrea- tion. 4It Policy: ~laintain space for charter and party boats at public slips. Goal: Encourage use of all significant bodies of surface water, consistent with constraints of environmental quality and - 39 - use compatibility. Policy: Develop sites for launch facilities on Tampa Bay. Permit access to inland lakes for non-motorized craft. It Goal: Provide for access to boat slips consistent with demand, available water frontage and environmental constraints. Policy: Develop city-owned water frontage for boat slips where such development does not cause significant environmental degradation or conflicts with other land uses. Goal: Continue to maintain marina operations on self-supporting basis. Policy: Insure that rate structure for facility rental and fuel provide sufficient income to cover both capital and oper- ating expenses. Management objectives should include contingencies for loss of revenue expected as fuel costs continue to rise. Goal: Insure that dockside space is being utilized to its fullest extent. Policy: Periodically, examine records of usage of dockside facili- ties. If it is determined that a facility is not yielding A sufficient benefit to the City, consider renovation or ~ reconfiguration of space. The crit~ria for benefit (fi- nancial return to the City) should be the market rental of comparable space in the private market, unless an overrid- ing public purpose is being served. Goal: Provide for optimum use in marina management resources. Policy: Retain operation of current inventory of city-owned slips, with any slips built on city-owned land to come under City management. It - 40 - - - e VII. ~~RINA SITE ASSESSMENT Key Factors When assessing the potential of specific sites to accommo- date public marina development, several key factors must betaken into consideration. Other factors must be weighed in the eventual development of a specific site, but the key factors are those which determine the fundamental feasibility of a given site to support a marina development. These key factors are: 1) site ownership, 2) environmental suitability, 3) the ability of the site to accommodate parking, and 4) the traffic consequences of developing the site, both at the site itself, but, especially, the consequences for in- creasing the number of Memorial Causeway bridge openings. Adis- cussion of these key factors follows. 1) Site ownership is a crucial determinant of site feasibility for the simple reason of cost. Because a marina site must be lo- cated directly on the waterfront, land suitable for marina develop- ment is also land with the highest real estate values in the city, and land that is in shortest supply relative to the market demand. If the City had to purchase privately held waterfront property for the development of a marina, it is very unlikely that land costs could be recouped from primary slip rental revenues in any reasonable amount of time without the necessity of raising slip rental fees to a point beyond that of the ability of most potential users to pay. Thus, only sites that are currently publicly owned should be con- sidered for marina development. Consistent with survey results obtained by the Marina Task Force, any facility expansion will be incorporated into the City's self-supporting marina system, and will not be a drain on tax-supported general revenues. - 41 - 2) The environmental suitability of a site must also weigh heavily in site selection. As have been identified in the section of this element dealing with the environmental impact of marinas, - Clearwater has three types of habitat which are incompatible with marina development. These are: marine grass beds, tidal marshes, and mangrove swamp. The environmental impacts of marinas are such that, were marin~ development to take place where these habitats are present, the habitats would be destroyed. In view of the rarity and of the vital natural functions of these habitats al- ready discussed earlier, sites where these habitats exist should not be considered for marina development. 3) The ability of a site to accommodate adequate parking for marina development is a self-evident necessity. If a marina site has the potential to accommodate 200 slips, let us say, but land- side site has the capacity to accommodate only 50 automobiles, then the number of slips feasible is cut to 66. A .75 to one parking - space to slip ratio is appropriate, provided the site is restricted to non-commercial uses. If commercial uses are allowed, the ratio must be increased to 2 parking spaces per slip.* For this reason charter and party boat functions are excluded from consideration in any future marina location. While a .75 to one parking space to slip ratio might still.seem low, it should be kept in mind that it 1S extremely unlikely that every single boat owner would choose to go boating on a given day, leaving the marina totally empty of boats and the parking lot filled with cars. Traffic studies have borne *Note: For a compar1son w1th other mar1na park1ng standards, the State of California has adopted a .6 to one parking space to slip ratio for non-commercial uses. See: The Resources Agency, Dept. of Boating and Waterways, Layout and Guide- lines for Small Craft Berthing Facilities, Jan. 1980. e - 42 - e out this improbability. Only sites with adequate space for park- ing should be considered for marina development. 4) Of course the turning movements of automobiles onto and from a particular site are of concern for traffic planning consi- derations, but this is not the primary potential traffic impact of a marina development. Marinas generate an average of only 20.9 vehi- cle trips per acre per day, fewer than half the number of trips generated by low density residential housing (48.4 trips per acre per day).* A greater concern when assessing sites for marina devel- opment is whether or not the development would cause an increased number of Memorial Causeway bridge openings. Because access to the Gulf of Mexico through Dunedin Pass is currently restricted, any additional marina development north of Memorial Causeway would have some impact on bridge openings. However, this impact could be mitigated if slip rental policies favored non-sail boats and if the 4It current policy of scheduled bridge openings is maintained. Although Memorial Causeway Bridge has far fewer openings per year than does Clearwater Pass Bridge, the need to dredge Dunedin Pass to provide Gulf access remains a priority of this plan. The f~regoing informa- tion indicates that marinas have relatively minor traffic impacts; however, the survey taken by the City's Marina Task Force indicated that the perceived impacts of marina traffic are much greater. Potential Marina Sites e Nine possible sites for the addition of public marina facili- ties in Clear1vater Harbor have been identified by virtue of meeting the first key factor criterion; namely, that the site be publiclY *Sourcc: Institute of Transportation Encineers Informational Repor~ on Trip Generation, 1976, (Fro~ Pine1las County ~lannlng.Department, 1979). This assumes that the marina IS restrIcted to noncommercial uses. - 43 - e owned. These nlne sites have been numbered and identified on the following map and are discussed relative to the other key factors and to other general considerations. All of these city-owned sites have been evaluated in regard to sensitive environmental habitats which would be impacted by marina operation and construction, ability of the site to provide parking and deep water access, and management features, i.e., whether the site can feasibly be operated from existing marina offices, or whether additional personnel are needed. Another factor which must be considered is recent action by governmental agencies. Several sites have been suggested for expan- sion of marina capacity, but have been rejected by permitting agen- cies. Although the technical feasibility criteria may be met at these sites, they will not be recommended for marina expansion at ~ this time. ~ - 44 - e PUBLICLY OWNED LANDS EVALUATED FOR MARINA FEASIBILITY _...~o ~ll 9>'" ~I' ~~J.~ ;t! : .r'I'r t:3 t;l ; ~ r <I ~,. 8': ~II 1-' I 3!P I , , ' ("\ <> i: V " , ' I' , I " , ' ~ o~ ~9J ,,0 :> ~?' ~ <( ':\~~ I, ~~ >- " <( ~9- \) 0<< ....I ' I <c <( ~~ I, V..., 0 (j" I, Z I! \;:i <( ~ ' , " ': I' , " , , e ,I , ~ " ( - ~ :> <( ~ <( ....I t:l ;:) o .0 UNION ST. w :> cC :J.I ....I I- :: >- ~ DREW ST. CLEVELAND ST. COURT ST. LEGEND: 1. MANDALAY MARINA RECREATION CENTER 2. EXPANSION, ISLAND ESTATES 3. SOUTHWEST MEMORIAL CAUSEWAY 4. NORTHEAST SAND KEY 5. SEMINOLE MARINA NORTH OF PIERCE 100 EXPANSION OF EXISTING MARINA WEST OF MAAS BROTHERS EDOEWATER DRIVE 4 ~ ~o ~9-~ ':\~~ ~9- 9-~ (j"~ ~ ~ - 45 - SITE 1: MANDALAY MARINA RECREATION COMPLEX (OLD CLEARWATER YACHT CLUB) KEY FACTORS: 1) City-owned site. 2) No sensitive environmental habitats at or nearby site. 3) e 4) Site is adequate to accommodate approximately 100 parking s2aces between Youth ~~ritime building and tennis courts. {Applying the .75 parking space to slip ratio yields a maximum of 133 allowable slips). If Dunedin Pass is improved, boats seeking Gulf access would have a minimum impact on Hemorial Causeway bridge openings. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS: 1) As the Clearwater Yacht Club, site served a similar function. 2) Site has direct access to Mandalay Channel (access channel would not have to be dredged). 3) 4) Yacht basin is sufficiently deep; no further dredging needed. Site is close enough to the existing City Marina to significantly enhance management efficiency. Access to site would not create additional traffic problems. Site currently has a boat launch ramp at end of Bay Esplanade right-of-way. This launch ram2 is in disrepair and should be improved in connection with the expansion of this facility. The City is considering the purchase of Florida Power Corporation's transformer site directly north, which could provide approximately 20 oversize car and trailer parking spaces. The three tennis courts will not increase demand for parking above what can be provided by the 100 marina parking spaces; the Youth r~ritime Center provides adequate parking in front of its building and could provide an additional twenty or so spaces directly east of the building. The construction of marina facilities at this site need not conflict with the continuation of pram fleet activities which are currently operated from the Youth Haritime Center. Consideration is being given to relocating the pram fleet to a new sailing center location. The facility design for this site must consider the different user groups, and allow for secure dock facilities, parking lot beautification and retention of current recreational activities. 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) The City owns the submerged land in the yacht basin proper; a small area of submerged land needed for marina development is owned by the state. SITE IMPROVEMENTS REQUIRED: 1) Construction of paved parking between youth maritime center and tennis courts (approximately 100 spaces). 2) Construction of a seawall between old swimming pool site and youth maritime building (approximately 450 linear feet). Construction of piers and docks; repair existing boat ramp. 3) CONCLUSIONS: HIGHLY FEASIBLE SITE -46- e SITE 2: EXPANSION OF ISLAND ESTATES MARINA STATION KEY FACTORS: 1) City-owned site. 2) No sensitive environmental habitats at or nearby site. 3) An estimated forty additional slips could potentially be added with the relocation of the Coast Guard Station. There are a total of eighty-five parking spaces available to serve both the expanded marina facility and the Marine Science Center. Any expansion of marina slips in this location will take into account the additional parking requirements relative to the needs of the Marine Science Center. 4) If Dunedin Pass is improved, boats seeking Gulf access would have a minimum impact on Memorial Causeway bridge openings. -- OTHER CONSIDERATIONS: 1) Site is currently developed as a City Marina facility. 2) Site has access to Mandalay Channel (access channel would not have to be dredged). 3) Site for slips is sufficiently deep to make further dredging unnecessary. 4) Site is close enough to the existing City r~rina to significantly enhance management efficiency. 5) 6) Access on and off site would not create additional traffic problems. Note: this site will become available for expansion only when the u.s. Coast Guard houseboat station is moved, sometime in 1983. The Citr owns the submerged land that the slip expansion would occupy. ownersh p extends 500 feet north of the Memorial Causeway centerline. City 7) SITE IMPROVEMENTS REQUIRED: Construction of piers and docks. e CONCLUSION: FEASIBLE SITE - 47 - SITE 3: SOUTHWEST MEMORIAL CAUSEWAY KEY FACTORS: 1) City-owned site. 2) No sensitive environmental habitats at or nearby site. 3) Site has space adequate to accommodate the 72 paved parking spaces necessary to meet the .75 parking space to slip ratio for the causeway marina concept's 96 boat slips, with room for an additional 33 paved parking spaces plus 30 unpaved overflow spaces to serve a picnic/passive park area west of the marina facilities. 4) Boats seeking Gulf access would predominantly use Clearwater Pass which would minimize the number of additional Memorial Causeway bridge openings. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS: 1) Site has access to Causeway Channel (access channel would not have to be dredged) . 2) 3) Site for marina facility is not sufficiently deep; needs further dredging. Site is close enough to the existing City Marina to significantly enhance management efficiency. Access on and off site has been judged feasible by the Traffic Engineering Department without creating additional traffic problems on Memorial Causeway. The City owns the submerged land that the marina slip facilities would occupy. City ownership extends 700 feet south of the Hemorial Causeway centerline to the Memorial Causeway channel, which is dredged and maintained by the U.S. Corns of Engineers. Thus, the City would not fiave to purchase, lease or otherwise negotiate use of submerged land owned by the state or private owners. In 1980, the Clearwater City Commission rejected marina expansion proposed on this site. 4) 5) 6) SITE IMPROVEMENTS REQUIRED: 1) The addition of paved parking. 2) Construction of piers and docks. 3) Construction of turning and storage lanes on Causeway. CONCLUSION: FEASIBLE SITE, RECENTLY REJECTED BY PUBlIC ACTION - 48 - e SITE 4: NORTHEAST SAND KEY KEY FACTORS: 1) City-owned site. 2) Extensive marine grass beds occupy area where slips would be built. In addition, several species of mangroves occupy the land site where parking would be constructea. The land use plan also places environmental constraints on any land use on the sitel.~hich is shown as a tidal swamp and flat. FOR THIS REASON, THE NORTHEAST SAl.'lU KEY SITE IS INAPPROPRIATE FOR MARINA DEVELOPMENT. 3) Ap~roximately 60 parking spaces could be provided on the Sand Key site. Us~ng the .75 parking space to slip ratio yields a maximum of 80 slips. Boats seeking Gulf access would predominantly use Clearwater Pass which would minimize the number of additional Memorial Causeway bridge openings. 4) OTHER CONSIDERATIONS: 1) Site is near Clearwater Pass channel, but access channel to it would have to be dredged. e Site for marina facility would require dredging and impoundment site for dredged materials would have to be found. (Dredging would destroy existing marine grass beds on site). 3) Access on and off site would not create additional traffic problems. 4) City does not own submer~ed land that marina slip facilities would occupy. State of Florida ownersh~p of this land would require that the City lease the use of such submerged lands. 2) SITE IMPROVEMENTS REQUIRED: 1) Dredging: (see above). 2) Exposed site would reguire breakwater to be constructed on south and east sides of marina facil~ty. 3) Construction of piers and docks. e CONCLUSION: HlFEASIBLE SITE FOR MARINA CONSTRUCTION; HOWEVER, THIS MAY BE A ~tA~l~Lt ~lrt rUX A ~KAM/LlbHI ~AIL~UAI LAUN~H ~A~lLIIY. - 49 - 4) SITE 5: SEMINOLE MARINA AND LAUNCH FACILITY KEY FACTORS: 1) City-owned site. 2) No sensitive environmental habitats at or nearby site. 3) This site has space adequate to accommodate approximately 70 slips off the southwest corner of the site. Applying the .75 parking space to slip ratio yields a parking requirement of 53 spaces. Currently, the site provides 116 oversized parking spaces for cars with boat trailers and 15 ordinary parking spaces without using all the available paved area for parkina. If the paved parking area were slightly reconfigured, the site could easiry accommodate 65 ordinary parking spaces to serve the marina facility and still retain 109 oversized spaces to serve the boat launch facility. Boats seeking access to the Gulf via Clearwater Pass may cause the Memorial Causeway bridge to open. However, this site is located at the end of a channel that leads directlj to Dunedin Pass, which, if it is reopened, would be a more preferable route to the Gulf. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS: 1) Site is shared with a private marina directly to the north, and City site is currently used as a marine recreation facility; thus the proposed marina facility would be a compatible use. 2) Site has direct access to Intracoastal Waterway and Dunedin Pass channel (access channel would not have to be dredged). Marina facility site itself would require dredging to accommodate vessels in wet slips. Bottom is primarily mud/slit, of the same type as dredged from Intracoastal ~Jaterway. (Impoundment site for dredged materials would have to be found). 4) Access on and off site would not create additional traffic problems. 5) The City does not own the submerged land that the marina facility slips would occupy. Ownership is divided between the state and private owners. The City would have to lease the use of the submer~ed lands from the state; privately held submerged lands could be purchased oy the City or their use otherwise negotiated. Leasing or purchasing could raise the initial cost of marina development at this site. 3) SITE mPROVEMENTS REQUIRED: 1) Reconfiguration of parking area. 2) Dredging: (see above). 3) Construction of piers and docks. CONCLUSION: FEASIBLE SITE - 50 - - e e SITE 6: NORTH OF PIERCE 100 KEY FACTORS: 1) City-owned site. 2) No sensitive environmental habitats at or nearby site. 3) Site currently has 56 paved parking spaces with no room for expansion. Applying the .75 parking space to slip ratio yields a maximum of 74 slips. The site has space adequate to accommOdate only approximately 60 slips however, so there is adequate parking for slip facilities, with 11 parking spaces to spare. Additional parking is available at the City owned lot across Pierce Boulevard. Boats seeking Gulf access would predominantly use Clearwater Pass which would minimize the number of additional Memorial Causeway bridge openings. 4) OTHER CONSIDERATIONS: 1) Site has direct access to Intracoastal Waterway (access channel would not have to be dredged.) Site for marina facility would require dredging to accommodate vessels in wet slips. (Impoundment site for dredged materials would have to be found). Access on and off site would not create additional traffic problems if properly controlled. The City owns the submerged land that the marina slip facilities would occupy. City ownership extends 700 feet south of the Memorial Causeway centerline, and includes the entire basin between Pierce 100 and the Causeway bridge. Thus, the City would not have to purchase, lease or otherwise negotiate use of submerged land owned by the state or private owners. 2) 3) 4) 5) In 1982, the ~oard of County Commissioners rejected the City's Application to build a dock for the Captain Anderson dinner/cruise boat. SITE IMPROVEMENTS REQUIRED: 1) Dredging: (see above). 2) Construction of piers and docks. CONCLUSION: FEASIBLE SITE, RECENTLY REJECTED BY PUBLIC ACTION -51- SITE 7: EXPANSION OF EXISTING CITY MARINA KEY FACTORS: 1) City-owned site. 2) No sensitive environmental habitats at or nearby site. 3) Site currently has 270 parking spaces servina a 138 slip commercial use marina. Applying the 2 parking spaces per srip ratio for marina facilities having commercial uses yields a minimum requirement of 276 parking spaces. Thus, while the existing marina could be expanded to accommodate as many as 56 additional slips, there is no room for expanding parking facilities at the existinp site. While there are approximately 70 more public parking spaces avaiYable across Causeway Boulevard, these spaces serve the Memorial Civic Center and therefore cannot be considered for marina use. FOR THIS REASON, THE EXISTING CITY MARINA IS INAPPROPRIATE FOR FURTHER MARINA DEVELOPMENT. 4) Boats seeking Gulf access would J?redominantly use Clearwater Pass, which would minimize the number of add1tional ~~morial Causeway Bridge openings. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS: 1) Site is currently used as a marina facility (expansion would enhance management efficiency). 2) Site has direct access to Causeway Channel (access channel would not have to be dredged). r1arina basin would require further dredging to accommodate slip expansion (impoundment site for dredged materials would have to be found). Access on and off site would not create additional traffic problems. Because of the configuration of the existing Causeway Channel right-of-way as it enters the marina basin, additional approval from the U.S. Corps of En&ineers would have to be sought for expansion of the existing marina over ana above the normal approval. The City owns most of the submerged land in the marina basin, which would allow for slip facilities expansion. City ownership extends 700 feet south of Memorial Causeway/Causeway Blvd. centerline. Thus, the City would not have to purchase, lease, or otherwise negotiate use of submerged land owned by the state or private owners. 3) 4) 5) 6) SITE IMPROVEMENTS REQUIRED: 1) Dredging: (see above). 2) Construction of piers and docks. CONCLUSION: INFEASIBLE SITE - 52 - . . . SITE 8: WEST OF MAAS BROTHERS KEY FACTORS: 1) City-owned site. 2) No sensitive environmental habitats at or nearby site. 3) 4) Site currently has 38 parking spaces with no room for expansion. the .75 parking space to slip ratio yields a maximum of 50 slips, due to the close ~roximity of the Intracoastal Waterway, the site accommodate a max~mum of 18 slips. Thus, the existing parking is for the number of potential slips. BECAUSE THE SMALL NUMBER OF SLIPS WOULD NOT SIGNIFICANTLY MEET EXISTING MARINA FACILITY DEMAND AND WOULD NOT BE CONDUCIVE TO MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY, THIS SITE IS INAPPROPRIATE FOR MARINA DEVELOPMENT. Applying however, could only adequate OTHER CONSIDERATIONS: Site has direct access to Intracoastal Waterway (access channel would not have to be dredged). Site would require dredging to accommodate vessels in wet slips (impoundment site for dredged material would have to be found). Access on and off site would not create additional traffic problems if properly controlled. 4) The City does not own the submerged land that marina slip facilities would occupy. State of Florida ownership of this land would require that the City lease the use of such submerged lands. 1) 2) 3) SITE IMPROVEMENTS REQUIRED: 1) Dredging: (see above). 2) Construction of piers and docks. CONCLUSION: INFEASIBLE SITE - 53 - SITE 9: EDGEWATER DRIVE PARK KEY FACTORS: 1) City-owned site. Although the site is city-owned, Edgewater Park has severe deed restrictions which limit use of the site to right-of-way and to aesthetic, park purposes only. FOR THIS REASON, THE EDGEWATER PARK SITE IS INAPPROPRIATE FOR MARINA DEVELOPMENT. 2) 3) No sensitive environmental habitats at or nearby site. Site is too narrow to accommodate any parking. FOR THIS REASON, THE EDGEWATER PARK SITE IS INAPPROPRIATE FOR ~~INA DEVELOPMENT. 4) Boats seeking access to Gulf via Clearwater Pass would cause the Memorial Causeway bridge to open. However, if Dunedin Pass is reopened, this would limit the number of boats usin~ Clearwater Pass. Also the Edgewater site is far enough north to make uSJ.ng Hurricane Pass a viable option for Gulf access. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS: 1) Site is nearby Intracoastal Waterway, but access channel to it would have to be dredged. Site of marina facility itself would have to be dredged (impoundment site for dredged materials would have to be found). Access on and off site would not create additional traffic problems. It appears that the City does own, or at least has the ri~ht to assert ownership, of the submerged lands that the marina landfilt and slip facilities would occupy. 2) 3) 4) SITE IMPROVEMENTS REQUIRED: B 3) Dredging: (see above). Site would have to be extensively filled to create land for adequate parking. Exposed site would require breakwater to be constructed on west and north of marina facility. Construction of paved parking area. Construction of piers and docks. ~~ CONCLUSION: INFEASIBLE SITE - 54 - - - e Other Possible Marina Sites Stevenson's Creek Stevenson's Creek has, in the past, been suggested as a site for marina development. The City owns property on the Creek basin, currently used as a shuffleboard and lawn bowling recreation complex but with land remaining which could accommodate paved marina parking facilities. There is some question as to whether or not the City owns the bottom land (or water rights) far enough into the Creek to accommodate docks; and if not the City would have to purchase OT otherwise negotiate its use from private owners. However, the most severe impediment to this site's development as a marina is the u.S. Alternate 19 bridge which spans the mouth of the Creek. The current bridge, a low, fixed-span bridge with a clearance of 9~ feet is due to be replaced in the near future with another low, fixed-span bridge having a proposed clearance of 12 feet at mean high water. This clearance is inadequate for boats (either sail or power) over 25 feet in length, which are the primary class of boats placing greatest demand for wet-slip space. In fact, for sailboats of virtually any size this site is prohibitive from the standpoint of mast height. While the Stevenson's Creek site could be developed strictly as launch ramp and slip storage site for small, trailerable power boats only, THIS SITE IS INAPPROPRIATE FOR ~lARINA DEVELOPMENT. Cooper's Bayou (Upper Tampa Bay) The City ow~S a i.5 acre parcel of land between Bayshore Boule- vard and Cooper's Bayou that could be considered as a marina facility or launch ramp site. However, the depth of the Bayou is quite shal- low (predominantly 1-2 feet). To develop the site for either use would require extensive dredging in an environmentally sensitive area. Both the Bayou itself and associated Cooper's Point are areas pro- - 55 - viding nursery and habitat for several endangered speCles. The land use plan places environmental constraints on any land use on the site, which is shown as a tidal swamp and flat. In addition, the water quality in the Bayou is tainted by discharge from the Safety Harbor sewa~e treatment plant, and should not be made to bear further degradation impact. FOR THESE REASONS, THIS SITE IS . INAPPROPRIATE FOR MARINA OR LAUNCH ~1P DEVELOPMENT. - Courtney Campbell Causeway (south side, Old Tampa Bay) If marina and/or launch ramp facilities were to be developed on the east side of Clearwater with access to Old Tampa Bay, the south side of Courtney Campbell Causeway would be the most appro- priate site. If the site were located west of the first bridge, a basin and channel to deeper water would require dredging. The submerged land is owned by the state and the lease of its use would raise the same questions of fiscal feasibility encountered at some of the other proposed sites if a marina is proposed. Even with the existence of a boat launch ramp located on the Tampa side e of the causeway serving Upper Tampa Bay, there is little doubt that a marina or launch ramp facility on the Clearwater side would draw Clearwater boaters desiring access to Tampa Bay. However, creating boating access to Tampa Bay is unlikely to soften the continued demarid for access to the Gulf of ~lexico via Clearwater Harbor. Northeast Sand Key Although it was determined that the city-owned property on northeast Sand Key is not a feasible location for a permanent marina, it was noted in the Coastal Zone Management Element that this site could be used for a pram/light sailcraft launch site. Sufficient upland exists to provide parking for approximately 60 automobiles; however, this parking capacity will be reduced if trailers are t.o be accommodate~ Careful design of water access will be needed to insure that launch ... activities do not degrade marine habitats. - S6 - e o ~o ~~ 0<<- <c ~'" ~ e RECOMMENDED .MARINA SITES ff.,~ ~ ~.,9 ~,," vr,o " "!?>o ~.;j gJ-+ ~.p ~. ~I, [fill 1-11 ii, ~': <, 1-1 ' ~,' 8'1 ~'I 1-' , 3:, " ,I I' " " I' " " " I' I' , i I I, t3 () <> LU > .<( en .<( ..l ~ ::l o Q UNION ST. LU > < > .<( ..l .<( Q Z .<( :E ~ > < w - I- a: > :E DREW ST. ----------, , CLEjfRWA-TER PASs'<:" , , "', "'.. e ClEVEI.AND ST. COURT ST. ~ ..l .<( RUID RD. c~ ~9j ~?" -:<..~~ ~p. p.~ v....~ C\:) ~ L E ci-'E N D: 1. MANDALAY MARINA RECREATION CENTER 2. EXPANSION, ISLAND ESTATES S. SEMINOLE MARINA Si - Recommendation Given the foregoing analysis of potential marina sites, it is 4It clear that four of the nine sites have technical or operational draw- backs making them inappropriate for marina development, namely; Northeast Sand Key, the Expansion of the Existing City Marina, the site west of Maas Brothers and the Edgewater Drive site. Two other sites which could technically support marinas have been disqualified by recent City or County Commission action. The remaining sites are ranked below in recommended order of feasibility based on the preceding analysis: 1) Clearwater Mandalay Recreation Complex. (Old Clearwater Yacht Club) maximum # of slips: 130 2) Expansion of Island Estates Marina Station maximum # of slips: 40 3) Seminole Boat Launch Facility maximum # of slips: 70 It should be noted that if all three recommended sites were e developed to the maximum number of slips, a total of 240 new slips would be provided. Recall from the previous assessment of current and projected demand for marina facilities, that there currently exists a demand for 213 additional wet-slips above that which is currently available. Thus, development of these sites would meet current demand, and still allow a limited margin for transient boat dockage. Recall also that in addition to the current demand, there will be an additional demand for 378 wet-slips due to popu- lation increases by 1995. It is clear then, that current demand for slip space cannot be adequately met by developing any single recommended site. Only by developing all three of the sites, can current demand be met. e - 58 - Therefore, it is recommended that the City undertake the devel- ~ opment of at least the three marina sites, namely; the Mandalay Marina Recreation Complex, the expansion of the Island Estates Marina Station and the Seminole Marina and Launch facility. Develop- ment of these sites should be phased over the next five years, with the objective of opening new or expanded facilities about 18 months apart. This five-year time frame is consistent with the State re- quirements for evaluation and review of local government comprehensive plans. Five years after adoption, local jurisdictions must reas- sess their plan elements. Unless political or technological constraints change, Clearwater will have no environmentally or politically acceptable sites to provide additional public marina space after the three afore,mentioned sites are developed. Thus, the demand for additional capacity will ~ be met by alternative arrangements, if it is to be met at all. Other incentives which may be appropriate could include encouraging rental slip expansion at other waterfront sites, allowing developers density bonuses for providing rental slips, developing marine anchorages, or public acquisition of sites for marina development. Investigation of alternatives to conventional fixed-slip marina construction may provide options for boat docking in the future, however evaluation of these alternatives will require additional study. Use of moorings or floating docks will have safety, access and environmental constraints and will require both qualitative and quantitative analysis. These alternatives may be needed to supplement the inventory of conventional marina slips, but will not provide perfect substitutes for landbased dock facilities. e - S9 - - VIII. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION The development of public marina facilities will require re- view and approval by various city, county, state and federal agen- cies, as follows: City of Clearwater In addition to site plan and resource development committee review, if the development costs are in excess of $1,000,000 (in- cluding assessed value of land) then a Community Impact Statement shall be required. If the project requires dredging In excess of 4,000 cubic yards of material (over and above normal channel main- tenance) then a city permit must be issued, but only after approval by voters at a city referendum. Pinellas County The Pinellas County Water and Navigation Authority (comprised of the Board of County Commissioners) must review and approve site plans for marina development prior to issuing a permit for its con- struction. e State of Florida If the submerged lands necessary for marina development are owned by the state, then necessary easement, dedication, or sub- merged land lease must be obtained from the Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of State Lands. If the proposed marina development exceeds 100 slips then the state requires a Development of Regional Impact report, to be sub- mitted to the Department of Environmental Regulation. Otherwise, e - 60 - - DER and DNR approval of application for activities in waters of the State of Florida is required for marina development to proceed. e Federal If the U.S. Corps of Engineers determines that granting a federal permit would constitute a major federal action or that the proposed development would significantly effect the human en- vironment, an Environmental Impact Statement will be required to be submitted. By agreement with the State, if a state DRI report is required, the Corps will use the environmental assessment contained therein in lieu of requiring a separate EIS. Otherwise, the U.S. Corps will review for approval the applica- tion for activities in waters of the State of Florida, without re- quiring a separate application for Corps approval (although a se- parate fee is required). Timing Depending upon the acceptability of the initial application and development proposal, state and federal approval can be expected within 90 and 180 days of initial applicaton, respectively. If the Corps or the DER or DNR require alteration of the proposal or re- vision of the development plans, or if public hearings are held or substantial public objections are raised, then the approval process would take longer, possibly as long as one year. . - 61 .